CN110530746B - Method for testing high-low cycle fatigue full-strain-life curve of metal material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing a high and low cycle fatigue total strain-life curve of a metal material, which comprises the following steps: 1) in the low-cycle fatigue stage, performing a fatigue test on the sample by adopting strain control; 2) with corresponding low cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon at each strain levelp'/2 and low cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2 are subjected to power function fitting; 3) in the high cycle fatigue stage, carrying out a fatigue test on the sample by adopting stress control; 4) drawing an initial full strain-life curve; 5) and calculating to obtain a fitted high and low cycle fatigue total strain-life curve. The method for testing the high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of the metal material is characterized by using the full strain-life curve for the traditional high cycle fatigue and low cycle fatigue, and has wider application range and higher accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical property test of a metal material, in particular to a high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve test method of the metal material.
Background
Along with the change of the structural design concept, more and more users require to provide a new fatigue performance characterization method for raw materials during structural design, and the method is named as a full strain-life curve. The curve comprises high cycle fatigue characteristics under low stress and small strain and low cycle fatigue characteristics under high stress and large strain, and the high cycle fatigue performance and the low cycle fatigue performance of the material are unified and characterized by a strain-life curve. The conventional strain-life curve is mainly used for describing the low-cycle fatigue behavior of the material under high stress and large strain, and the high-cycle fatigue behavior of the low stress is described by using a stress-life curve.
In the use process of the structural member, the deformation of each part is different, some parts bear larger deformation, some parts bear smaller deformation, and if the safe service life of different parts can be reasonably estimated in the design process, the service life corresponding to different strain quantities of the material must be attached, so that the full strain-life curve of the material needs to be measured to serve as data support.
At present, the national test standards about fatigue life curves are mainly four, and the national standards GB/T15248-5Secondary low cycle fatigue test; GB/T3075-2008 metal material fatigue test axial force control method and GB/T26076-2010 metal sheet (belt) axial force control fatigue test method stipulate stress control high cycle fatigue test conditions, and the cycle life is generally 105～107In between, the stress-life curves were obtained. Since the total strain-life curve is a completely new concept, very little literature is available in this regard, and the strain-life curve of the sheet is tested with an optical extensometer as proposed in the literature "Characterization of the strain-life properties of the thin sheet metal using an optical extensometer". The method adopts a displacement control mode, two marking points are made on the parallel section of a sample, and the variation of the distance between the two marking points in the test process is photographed and tracked by a DIC digital acquisition system, so that the dependent variable is calculated. However, the method is not strain control, the strain error of displacement conversion is large, the frequency of a digital acquisition system is limited, and a large amount of data is difficult to acquire completely.
In summary, the total strain-life curve of the metal material is essential basic data in structural member design, and at present, no unified regulation on the characterization method and the test technology exists in domestic and foreign standards and documents.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide a method for testing a high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of a metal material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material, comprising the following steps:
1) in the low cycle fatigue stage, the fatigue test is carried out on the sample by adopting strain control, and the low cycle life N corresponding to the strain amplitude is obtained under each strain levelf' the effective data points are collected simultaneously with the corresponding low cycle plastic strain amplitude Δ ε at each strain levelp'/2, low cycle elastic strain amplitude Delta epsilone'/2, low cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2;
2) with corresponding low cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon at each strain levelp'/2 and low-cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2 are subjected to power function fitting to obtain low-cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilonp'/2 and low cycle stress amplitude Δ σ'/2:
Δεp’/2＝A(Δσ’/2)b
in the formula, A is a fitting coefficient, and b is a fitting index;
3) in the high cycle fatigue stage, the fatigue test is carried out on the sample by adopting stress control, and the high cycle life N corresponding to the stress amplitude is obtained under each stress levelf"and calculating corresponding high cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon according to the high cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2 of each stagep"/2 and high cycle elastic strain amplitude Δ εe”/2；
4) The low-cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon obtained in the low-cycle fatigue stagep'/2, low cycle elastic strain amplitude Delta epsilone'/2 and Low cycle Life Nf', and high cycle plastic strain amplitude Deltaepsilon obtained in high cycle fatigue stagep"/2, high cycle elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2 and high cycle life NfSit on double pairsDrawing a standard to obtain an initial full strain-life curve;
5) and performing power exponent fitting on data points of the log-log coordinates to respectively obtain an elastic strain amplitude fitting formula and a plastic strain amplitude fitting formula, and finally calculating to obtain a curve formula of the total strain amplitude and the cycle life, namely the fitted high and low cycle fatigue total strain-life curve.
Further, in the step 1), the cycle life of the sample is less than 10 ten thousand times in the low-cycle fatigue stage; and strain control is carried out by adopting an extensometer, and the test frequency is 0.1 Hz-1 Hz.
Further, in the step 1), in the fatigue test process of the sample by adopting strain control, 5-7 strain levels are selected, and the gradient of adjacent strain levels is 0.1-3 per mill; obtaining the low cycle life N corresponding to the strain amplitude under each strain levelfThe number of valid data points of' is 2-4.
Preferably, the gradient of adjacent strain levels is between 0.1% and 0.25% o when the sample has a cycle life between 5 ten thousand and 10 ten thousand.
Further, in the step 3), the cycle life of the sample is more than or equal to 10 ten thousand times in the high cycle fatigue stage; the fatigue test is carried out on the sample by adopting stress control, the test frequency is 10 Hz-25 Hz, and the frequency effect of the fatigue property of the material is very small in the frequency range.
Further, in the step 3), 4-6 strain levels are selected during the fatigue test process of the sample by adopting stress control, and the gradient of adjacent stress levels is 10-40 MPa; obtaining the high cycle life N corresponding to the stress amplitude under each stress levelfThe number of valid data points is 2-5.
Further, in the step 3), the high cycle plastic strain amplitude Δ εp"/2 is calculated by the following equation:
Δεp”/2＝A(Δσ”/2)b
in the formula, A is a fitting coefficient, b is a fitting index, and delta sigma'/2 is a high cycle stress amplitude.
Further, in the step 3), the high cycle elastic strainAmplitude value delta epsilone"/2 is calculated by the following equation:
Δεe”/2＝Δσ”/2×E
in the formula, delta sigma'/2 is a high cycle stress amplitude; and E is the static elastic modulus of the material.
Further, in the step 5), the elastic strain amplitude fitting formula is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Δ εe/2 is the elastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; sigmaf' is the fatigue strength coefficient; b is fatigue strength index.
Still further, in the step 5), the plastic strain amplitude fitting formula is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Δ εpThe/2 is the plastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; epsilonf' is fatigue ductility coefficient; c is fatigue ductility index.
Further, in the step 5), the formula of the curve of the total strain amplitude and the cycle life is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Δ εt(ii)/2 is the total strain amplitude; delta epsilone/2 is the elastic strain amplitude; delta epsilonpThe/2 is the plastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; sigmaf' is the fatigue strength coefficient; b is fatigue strength index; epsilonf' is fatigue ductility coefficient; c is fatigue ductility index.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the invention firstly provides a power function relation between the plastic strain amplitude and the stress amplitude, thereby calculating the plastic strain corresponding to different stress levels at the high cycle fatigue stage of stress control, avoiding the need of separately collecting the strain by using an extensometer, greatly saving the test time and improving the test efficiency.
Secondly, the invention solves the calculation problem of the total strain amplitude, the elastic strain amplitude and the plastic strain amplitude in the stress control high-cycle fatigue stage, the total strain amplitude corresponding to each stress is equal to the elastic strain amplitude plus the plastic strain amplitude, the elastic strain amplitude is the stress amplitude divided by the static elastic modulus, and a calculation formula of the plastic strain amplitude is provided, thereby solving the problem that the strain can not be obtained in the stress control fatigue test.
Thirdly, the invention provides a method for testing a high-low cycle fatigue full-strain-life curve of a metal material for the first time, the test process comprises a short-life fatigue with large strain and a long-life fatigue with small strain, and a test control method with two different stages is accurately selected.
Fourthly, the invention provides a strain and cycle life N for a full strain-life curvefCharacterization, rather than conventional reversal of strain versus cycle life by 2NfThe traditional method is characterized in that the strain of an extensometer is used for controlling low-cycle fatigue within 10 ten thousand cycles of cycle, the cycle life in a full strain-life curve is as high as 600-700 ten thousand cycles, and if the cycle life is used again, the number of reversal cycles is 2NfThe characterization method is used for characterizing the fatigue limit life which exceeds the defined fatigue limit life, so that the method is wider in application range and higher in accuracy than the traditional characterization method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cyclic strain hardening curve;
FIG. 2 shows the total strain amplitude and the cycle life NfFitting a curve graph;
FIG. 3 is a graph of total strain amplitude versus cycle lifeDirection 2NfAnd fitting the curve graph.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention and are only examples. While the advantages of the invention will be apparent and readily appreciated by the description.
1) In the low cycle fatigue stage, when the cycle life of the sample is less than 10 ten thousand times, a fatigue test is carried out on the sample by adopting an extensometer to carry out strain control, according to the sample requirement of the national standard GB/T15248-2008 < metal material axial constant amplitude low cycle fatigue test method >, the fatigue sample with a parallel part is processed, the surface roughness of the sample needs to meet the requirement of the national standard, the fatigue test is completed on a hydraulic fatigue testing machine, the strain levels are respectively 1.6 per thousand, 1.8 per thousand, 2 per thousand, 3 per thousand, 5 per thousand and 9 per thousand, and the low cycle life N corresponding to the strain amplitude is obtained under each strain levelf' the number of effective data points is 3, the test frequency is 0.5Hz, and the test is finished when the cyclic stress is reduced by 20 to 30 percent;
2) with corresponding low cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon at each strain levelp'/2 and low-cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2 are subjected to power function fitting to obtain low-cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilonp'/2 and the low cycle stress amplitude Δ σ'/2, as shown in FIG. 1:
Δεp’/2＝A(Δσ’/2)b＝3.236E-12(Δσ’/2)3.83
wherein, the fitting coefficient A is 3.236E-12; the fitting index b is 3.83;
3) in the high cycle fatigue stage, the cycle life of the sample is more than or equal to 10 ten thousand times, the fatigue test is carried out on the sample by adopting stress control, the test frequency is 20Hz, and the frequency effect of the fatigue property of the material is very small in the frequency range. The stress levels selected were respectively: 130MPa, 140MPa, 150MPa and 160MPa, and obtaining the high cycle life N corresponding to the stress amplitude value under each stress levelfThe number of effective data points is 2-5, and the corresponding high-cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon is calculated according to the high-cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2 of each stagep"/2 and high cycle elastic strain amplitudeValue of delta epsilone”/2；
High cycle plastic strain amplitude Δ εp"/2 is calculated by the following equation:
Δεp”/2＝A(Δσ”/2)b
in the formula, A is a fitting coefficient, b is a fitting index, and delta sigma'/2 is a high cycle stress amplitude.
High cycle elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2 is calculated by the following equation:
Δεe”/2＝Δσ”/2×E
in the formula, delta sigma'/2 is a high cycle stress amplitude; and E is the static elastic modulus of the material.
The stress control and strain control of the test data are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
4) The low-cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon obtained in the low-cycle fatigue stagep'/2, low cycle elastic strain amplitude Delta epsilone'/2 and Low cycle Life Nf', and high cycle plastic strain amplitude Deltaepsilon obtained in high cycle fatigue stagep"/2, high cycle elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2 and high cycle life Nf"drawing in a log-log coordinate to obtain an initial full strain-life curve;
5) and performing power exponent fitting on data points of the log-log coordinates to respectively obtain an elastic strain amplitude fitting formula and a plastic strain amplitude fitting formula, and finally calculating to obtain a curve formula of the total strain amplitude and the cycle life, namely the fitted high and low cycle fatigue total strain-life curve.
The elastic strain amplitude fitting formula is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Δ εe/2 is the elastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; sigmaf' is the fatigue strength coefficient; b is fatigue strength index.
The plastic strain magnitude fitting equation is represented by the following equation:
in the formula, Δ εpThe/2 is the plastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; epsilonf' is fatigue ductility coefficient; c is fatigue ductility index.
The formula of the curve of the total strain amplitude and the cycle life is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Δ εt(ii)/2 is the total strain amplitude; delta epsilone/2 is the elastic strain amplitude; delta epsilonpThe/2 is the plastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; sigmaf' is the fatigue strength coefficient; b is fatigue strength index; epsilonf' is fatigue ductility coefficient; c is fatigue ductility index.
Respectively using the total strain amplitude and the cycle life N as the test resultsfCharacterization (as shown in FIG. 2) and inverse of total strain amplitude versus cycle life of 2NfCharacterization (as shown in fig. 3) with the following results:
strain amplitude and cycle life NfThe fitting formula of (a) is:
inverse number of strain amplitude and cycle life 2NfThe fitting formula of (a) is:
assuming that the cycle life of the material is 50000 times, the total strain calculated by the formula (1) is 0.002112, and the total strain calculated by the formula (2) is 0.002135, the results are basically consistent, which further proves that the invention proposes using the strain and the cycle life NfIt is scientific and reasonable to characterize the full strain-life curve.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention, and the rest that is not described in detail is the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing a high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of a metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) in the low cycle fatigue stage, the fatigue test is carried out on the sample by adopting strain control, and the low cycle life N corresponding to the strain amplitude is obtained under each strain levelf' the effective data points are collected simultaneously with the corresponding low cycle plastic strain amplitude Δ ε at each strain levelp'/2, low cycle elastic strain amplitude Delta epsilone'/2, low cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2;
2) with corresponding low cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon at each strain levelp'/2 and low-cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2 are subjected to power function fitting to obtain low-cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilonp'/2 and low cycle stress amplitude Δ σ'/2:
Δεp’/2＝A(Δσ’/2)b
in the formula, A is a fitting coefficient, and b is a fitting index;
3) in the high cycle fatigue stage, the fatigue test is carried out on the sample by adopting stress control, and the high cycle life N corresponding to the stress amplitude is obtained under each stress levelf"and according to each stageCalculating the corresponding high cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon in the high cycle stress amplitude delta sigma'/2p"/2 and high cycle elastic strain amplitude Δ εe”/2；
4) The low-cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilon obtained in the low-cycle fatigue stagep'/2, low cycle elastic strain amplitude Delta epsilone'/2 and Low cycle Life Nf', and high cycle plastic strain amplitude Deltaepsilon obtained in high cycle fatigue stagep"/2, high cycle elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2 and high cycle life Nf"drawing in a log-log coordinate to obtain an initial full strain-life curve;
5) and performing power exponent fitting on data points of the log-log coordinates to respectively obtain an elastic strain amplitude fitting formula and a plastic strain amplitude fitting formula, and finally calculating to obtain a curve formula of the total strain amplitude and the cycle life, namely the fitted high and low cycle fatigue total strain-life curve.
2. The method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the cycle life of the sample is less than 10 ten thousand times in the low-cycle fatigue stage; and strain control is carried out by adopting an extensometer, and the test frequency is 0.1 Hz-1 Hz.
3. The method for testing the high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of a metal material as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step 1), in the process of carrying out a fatigue test on the sample by adopting strain control, 5-7 strain levels are selected, and the gradient of adjacent strain levels is 0.1-3 per mill; obtaining the low cycle life N corresponding to the strain amplitude under each strain levelfThe number of valid data points of' is 2-4.
4. The method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the cycle life of the sample is more than or equal to 10 ten thousand times in the high cycle fatigue stage; and (3) carrying out a fatigue test on the sample by adopting stress control, wherein the test frequency is 10 Hz-25 Hz.
5. The method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step 3), 4-6 strain levels are selected in the process of carrying out fatigue test on the sample by adopting stress control, and the gradient of adjacent stress levels is 10-40 MPa; obtaining the high cycle life N corresponding to the stress amplitude under each stress levelfThe number of valid data points is 2-5.
6. The method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the high cycle plastic strain amplitude delta epsilonp"/2 is calculated by the following equation:
Δεp”/2＝A(Δσ”/2)b
in the formula, A is a fitting coefficient, b is a fitting index, and delta sigma'/2 is a high cycle stress amplitude.
7. The method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the high cycle elastic strain amplitude delta epsilone"/2 is calculated by the following equation:
Δεe”/2＝Δσ”/2×E
in the formula, delta sigma'/2 is a high cycle stress amplitude; and E is the static elastic modulus of the material.
8. The method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), the fitting formula of the elastic strain amplitude is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Δ εe/2 is the elastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; sigmaf' is the fatigue strength coefficient; b isFatigue strength index.
9. The method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material as claimed in claim 8, wherein: in the step 5), the plastic strain amplitude fitting formula is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Δ εpThe/2 is the plastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; epsilonf' is fatigue ductility coefficient; c is fatigue ductility index.
10. The method for testing high and low cycle fatigue full strain-life curve of metal material as claimed in claim 9, wherein: in the step 5), a curve formula of the total strain amplitude and the cycle life is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Δ εt(ii)/2 is the total strain amplitude; delta epsilone/2 is the elastic strain amplitude; delta epsilonpThe/2 is the plastic strain amplitude; n is a radical offThe cycle life is considered; sigmaf' is the fatigue strength coefficient; b is fatigue strength index; epsilonf' is fatigue ductility coefficient; c is fatigue ductility index.
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