CN108693055A - The fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens - Google Patents
The fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens, include the following steps:Step 1:The tension and compression symmetrical cycle load test for completing multistage strain amplitude of the sheet metal specimens under strain controlling, obtains the load-displacement curves of stable circulation;Step 2:Load-displacement curves hysteretic loop cusp is connected as cyclic loading-displacement curve, the Rotation permutations relationship of Ramberg-Osgood constitutive models is met with cyclic loading-displacement relation prediction;Step 3:Using Rotation permutations relationship as material parameter, tired source RVE logarithmic strain width is establishedε r, stress amplitudeσ rWith observing and controlling strain amplitudeε eq Relationship;Step 4:According toε rWithσ r Estimation of fatigue life model is established, fatigue of materials performance is obtained;The present invention overcomes the limitations of the scantling of classic fatigue performance test detection method, also need not rely on empirical equation, are suitable for different materials and sample configuration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fatigue property test fields, specifically describe a kind of fatigue of materials performance acquisition side of sheet metal specimens
Method.
Background technology
As the substance of structural stability and system security level, the fatigue mechanics performance of material is to engineering safety point
Analysis is of great significance.The low cycle fatigue property for characterizing material includes mainly the low circulation strain-stress relation and fatigue of material
Life curve:The former describes the essential physical relation of material mechanical behavior under elastoplasticity fatigue loading, is under CYCLIC LOADING
The intensive analysis etc. of service structure is of great significance;The latter describes service state of the material under cyclic loading, is to material
Or structure carries out the fundamental curve of life appraisal and safety evaluation.
Big measuring mechanism or parts are subjected to the Cyclic Load of temperature, pressure etc. for a long time, tired to the material of key structure
Labor performance is very necessary for the safety evaluation and failure analysis of system.However, on the one hand because miniature device or sheet-metal duct exist
Extensive use in life, production, such as MEMS, biomedical engineering, new energy resources system, due to the limit of scantling
System, it is difficult to meet the sampling requirement of conventional test methodologies;On the other hand, remaining life inspection is sampled to meet micro- damage of structure in service
Survey demand, such as aircraft engine blade and reactor, boiler, pipeline are difficult to complete this using existing fatigue test means
Business.
Sheet metal specimens fatigue property test is a kind of method being used for fatigue of materials performance test in the late three decades, thin slice examination
The experiment on fatigue properties research of sample has the history in more than 30 years, since last century the eighties, Martin (Martin
J.E,Cyclic Stress-Strain and Fatigue Properties of Sheet Steel as Affected by
Load Spectra[J].Testing and Evaluation.1983.66-74.) and Wisner (Wisner SB,
Reynolds MB,Adamson RB.Fatigue Behavior of Irradiated and Unirradiated
Zircaloy and Zirconium[J].American Society for Testing and Materials,
1994.499-520) etc. devise funnel circular arc plate tensile sample and carried out symmetrical cycle experiment, be utilized respectively thickness direction with it is wide
The mean strain for spending direction carries out loop control experiment, and the fatigue study to study thin plate provides the design of sample configuration and experiment skill
Art is supported;Jia Qi, Cai Lixun (Jia Qi abnormal shape sample fatigues and fracture property Study on Test Method and application;D]Southwestern traffic
University, master, 2011.;Jia Qi, Cai Lixun wrap old and consider the modified sheeting low cycle fatigue test method of circulating plastic
[J]Engineering mechanics, 2014,1:030.) same that low cycle fatigue test is completed using funnel plate tensile sample, to having cycle
The material of Masing effects proposes pulsating stress-of stress-strain hysteretic loop ascent stage strain amplitude stabilization sub stage as material
Strain stress relation completes the fatigue life of prediction to(for) special material;(Yin Tao, Cai Lixun, Chen Hui, Yao such as Yin Tao, Cai Lixun
Material elastoplasticity Cyclic Constitutive Relationship Ce Shifangfayanjiu [s of the enlightening based on milli flakelet funnel sample;J]Engineering mechanics, 2017;
Yin Tao, Cai Lixun, Chen Hui, Yao Di obtain the test method of material strain fatigue behaviour based on milli flakelet sample;J]Mechanical
Engineering journal, 2017,1:030.) the completion material low-cycle fatigue of the funnel sheet metal specimens of millimeters thick is utilized to test.Because external force is done
Strain energy is divided into energy separation function related with material, geometry and deflection by work(equal to the change performance variable, to become
Shape can be that bridge establishes load, displacement and material, several relationships how.Energy separation function such as following formula:
In formula:f1(K) it is material function, f2(ξ) is geometry deformation domain function, f3(h) it is warping function, α is that plasticity is equivalent
Volume factor is deformed, β is equivalent strain coefficient;According to cyclic loading displacement relation, backward prediction obtains meeting Ramberg-
Elasticity modulus of materials E, strength factor K and the hardenability value n of Osgood constitutive models;
Wherein, η, β, γ are coefficient related with material, geometry.Using Cyclic Stress Strain Relation as material properties, warp
FEM calculation obtains the stress of root RVE of the material under arbitrary strain amplitude, strain, completes the fatigue life prediction of material.
Chen Hui, Cai Lixun (Hui Chen, Cai Lixun.Theoretical model for predicting
uniaxial stress-strain relation by dual conical indentation based on
equivalent energy principle[J].Acta Materialia,2016,121:181-189.Hui Chen,Cai
Lixun.Unified elastoplastic model based on a strain energy equivalence
principle[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,2017,52:664–671;Hui Chen,Cai
Lixun.Unified ring-compression model for determining tensile properties of
tubular materials[J].2017,13:210-220.Peng Y Q,Cai L X,Chen H,et al.A new
method based on energy principle to predict uniaxial stress-strain relations
of ductile materials by small punch testing[J].International Journal of
Mechanical Sciences, 2018.) Chen-Cai Energy Equivalent methods are proposed, the Integral Mean Value through deformation domain is equivalent will
Deformation domain total deformation can be equivalent to average deformation can be with the domain volume product;By momentum theorem, external force acting is equal to the interior energy change
Amount establishes load displacement and strains the variable relation:
Theory to set up load-displacement relationship and strain-stress relation contacts.
In the prior art, low week symmetrical fatigue test is completed for thin slice funnel sample, experimental condition and experiment is provided
The support of technology;And give load-position of thin slice funnel sample particular geometric relationship (sheet width W/ funnel radius R=3)
Move semi-analytical model;For the prediction of material circulation strain-stress relation, it is completed at the same time fatigue life prediction;But the model is only
It is directed to the sample configuration of geometric similarity, to other sample configurations and does not have universality;The Energy Equivalent sides Chen-Cai
In method, the theoretical direction of Energy Equivalent method is given, and have example for the uniaxial constitutive relation of various sample configuration, it is right
Rotation permutations Relation acquisition has directive function.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of scantling overcoming classic fatigue performance test detection method and limits, need not rely on through
Formula is tested to can be obtained material circulation stress-strain relation and carry out the sheet metal specimens fatigue of materials of material fatigue life prediction
The acquisition methods of energy.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:The fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens, include the following steps:
Step 1:By the tension and compression symmetrical cycle load test of multistage strain amplitude of the sheet metal specimens under strain controlling, obtain
The load-displacement curves of stable circulation;
Step 2:Load-displacement curves hysteretic loop cusp is connected as cyclic loading-displacement curve, with cyclic loading-position
Move the Rotation permutations relationship that Relationship Prediction meets Ramberg-Osgood constitutive models;
Step 3:Using Rotation permutations relationship as material parameter, fatigue source RVE logarithmic strain width ε is establishedr, stress amplitude σr
With observing and controlling strain amplitude εeqRelationship;
Step 4:According to εrAnd σrEstimation of fatigue life model is established, fatigue of materials performance is obtained.
Further, tired source strain amplitude, stress amplitude are to utilize Rotation permutations relationship, and the detailed process of step 2 is such as
Under:
S1:Linear fit is carried out to cyclic loading-displacement curve stretch section to respectively obtain by power law fit plasticity section
Slope S and load curvature C and exponent m;
In formula:heFor elastic displacement, h is Elastic-plastic Displacement, and P is external applied load;
S2:Bring S and C that above formula obtains into following formula:
In formula:E is the elasticity modulus of material, and K is stress intensity coefficient, and n is strain hardening exponent, k0,k1And k2It is normal
Number, R are characteristic length in sample, and A* indicates feature area;
S3:Ramberg-Osgood models are substituted into according to E, K, the n obtained in step S2, obtain the pulsating stress-of material
Strain stress relation;
In formula:ε is overall strain, εeFor elastic strain, εpFor plastic strain.
Further, the k0,k1And k2It is demarcated and is obtained by finite element, and relationship is as follows:
In formula, a1,a2And a3For k0Coefficient, b1,b2And b3For k1Coefficient, c1,c2And c3For k2Coefficient, λ are geometrical factor.
Further, Manson-Coffin model fatigue life predictions are taken in the step 4.
Further, the sample includes funnel type sample and circular ring shape sample.
Further, in the funnel type sample, the observing and controlling strain amplitude ε across funnel both sides is established by finite elementmWith leakage
Struggle against root logarithmic strain width εrWith mean stress width σaWith true stress width σrConversion formula, in the range of strain of low fatigue
As follows:
Wherein mean stress width σa=P/A, A are the cross-sectional area of funnel root, c1~c2,d1~d2It is and material dimensioning
Very little coefficient related with material property.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the present invention overcomes the limitations of the scantling of classic fatigue performance test detection method, also need not be according to
Rely empirical equation, can accurately obtain material circulation strain-stress relation with finite element simply calibration according to unified, and complete material
Fatigue life prediction is suitable for different materials and sample configuration;
(2) present invention solves small-scale structure part, sheet-metal duct, the fatigue state of welding material and the micro- damage of structure in service and takes
The critical issue of sample remaining life detection;
(3) present invention is widely present the key projects such as MEMS, aviation, energy resource system, biomedicine field
The fatigue of materials mechanical property acquisition of thin-wall construction, small parts is of great significance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is sample active section schematic diagram used in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is circular ring shape sample finite element analysis model in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is Ramberg-Osgood power law this structure curves in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is GH4169 annulus sheet metal specimens cyclic loading-displacement curve in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is GH4169 annulus sheet metal specimens cyclic stress-strain curve prediction results in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens fatigue of materials performance, include the following steps:
Step 1:Axial push-pull symmetrical cycle experiment is carried out to sample, obtains load-displacement curves;
Sample uses two kinds of infundibulate and circular ring shape as shown in Figure 1, and active section configuration picture is as shown in Figure 1;Wherein annulus
Shape sample finite element analysis model is as shown in Figure 2;Funnel and annulus sheet metal specimens are drawn using micro- power loading device for testing
Symmetrical cycle load is pressed, the cycle-index under every grade of load and the load recycled every time, displacement peak-to-valley value is obtained, obtains load-
Displacement (P-h) curve;Therefore sheet metal specimens low cycle fatigue test is the pith in technical solution of the present invention;Sample is straining
Control is lower to complete fatigue testing specimen;In order to obtain enough material low-cycle fatigue information, material minimum life about 1000 times, most birthday
Strain amplitude is divided into 7 grades, every grade of no less than two samples by life about 10000 times according to material property.
Step 2:Load-displacement curves hysteretic loop cusp is connected as cyclic loading-displacement curve, according to Ramberg-
Osgood models obtain Rotation permutations relationship;
S1:Linear fit is carried out to cyclic loading-displacement curve stretch section to respectively obtain by power law fit plasticity section
Slope S and load curvature C;
In formula:heFor elastic displacement, h is Elastic-plastic Displacement, and P is external applied load;
S2:Bring S and C that above formula obtains into following formula:
In formula:E is the elasticity modulus of material, and K is stress intensity coefficient, and n is strain hardening exponent, k0,k1And k2It is normal
Number, R are characteristic length in sample, and A* indicates feature area;The specimen shape structure that the present invention uses is as shown in Figure 1, loaded line
The ends A be fixing end, the ends B be displacement loading end;Assuming that characteristic length h*=R, R indicate circular arc funnel sample root radius or
Annulus sheet metal specimens outer diameter;Feature size V*=h*A*, A*Feature area is indicated, to funnel Sample A*=(2w- π R) t, w is work
Duan Kuandu, t are sample thickness;To annulus sheet metal specimens, A*=π (R2-r2), r is sample aperture.
The sample of different geometries is indicated with geometrical factor λ, wherein for funnel sheet metal specimens, λ=w/R,
And λ ∈ [2.75 4];And λ=r/R of annulus sheet metal specimens, λ ∈ [0.48,0.72];Wherein dimensionless constant k0,k1And k2It can
It is demarcated and is obtained by finite element analysis, and relationship is restrained in secondary parabolic with geometrical factor:
According to measurement demand, load displacement of the lines, across funnel both sides displacement and the funnel of funnel sheet metal specimens can be chosen respectively
Displacement or annulus lateral displacement on the loaded line of ring specimen, correlated fitting parameter such as 1 institute of table can also be used in root lateral displacement
Show:
1. parameter list of table
For other geometric configurations, only k need to be re-scaled in finite element0,k1And k2, which stands good.
S3:Ramberg-Osgood models are substituted into according to E, K, the n obtained in step S2, obtain the pulsating stress-of material
Strain stress relation;
In formula:ε is overall strain, εeFor elastic strain, εpFor plastic strain.
Present invention selection describes preferable Ramberg-Osgood (R-O) stress-strain model to yield region;
ε=εe+εp
Step 3:Fatigue source RVE logarithmic strain width ε is established according to Rotation permutations relationshipm, stress amplitude σmWith averagely answer
Luffing εeqRelationship;
Step 4:According to εmAnd σmEstimation of fatigue life model is established, fatigue of materials performance is obtained.
Strain amplitude-life curve is the fundamental curve evaluated for material or structure fatigue life, and existing standard has been given
Acquisition methods are gone out;Its key is to obtain fatigue source RVE (Representative Volume Element, material representative body
Product unit) logarithmic strain width and stress amplitude;According to material circulation strain-stress relation simple finite element is carried out as material properties
Elastic-plastic calculation establishes fatigue source RVE logarithmic strain width εm, stress amplitude σmWith mean strain width εeqRelationship, according to εmAnd σmIt builds
Vertical fatigue life Manson-Coffin appraising model, completes life prediction, obtains fatigue of materials performance.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is by taking the fatigue property test of funnel sheet metal specimens and annulus thin slice as an example.Sample is divided into gripping section and work
Section, the active section of two kinds of samples are as shown in Figure 1.Limit element artificial module is established, active section grid model is as shown in Fig. 2, one end
It is hinged using fixed, the other end unidirectionally loads.It is calculated as material properties using Ramberg-Osgood constitutive models, it should
Model curve such as Fig. 3, including elasticity modulus, coefficient of intensification and hardenability value, change different materials parameter and geometric configuration parameter
The finite element modelling for carrying out various working obtains corresponding load-displacement curves, and demarcates elastic and plastic properties coefficient.
The symmetrical fatigue test of tension and compression under strain controlling, thickness t=are completed using the funnel sheet metal specimens of GH4169 materials
0.5mm, arc radius R=1.2mm, active section width w=3.6mm;The extensometer edge of a knife is in across funnel both sides, acquisition funnel both sides
Displacement indicates that Fig. 4 is the load-displacement hysteresis loop of stable circulation with h, and connection hysteretic loop cusp is that cyclic loading displacement is special
Levy curve.
By the linearity range fitting a straight line of curve, pure plastic power law fit obtains this structure of Ramberg-Osgood
Model parameter elastic modulus E, coefficient of intensification K, hardenability value n, the cycle that obtained E, K, n substitution model are obtained to material are answered
Power-strain stress relation;According to the cyclic stress-strain curve of different sheet metal specimens prediction and with the equivalent pole fatigue test of material
Prediction result is as shown in figure 5, the cyclic stress-strain curve of different sheet metal specimens is essentially coincided in the result of equivalent pole.
In actual use, according to scantling and experimental condition, sample size is adjustable with geometric proportion, active section difference geometry structure
The parameter of type can also be simply calculated with finite element.Material true stress is obtained using the Rotation permutations relationship, is answered
Become, the Prediction method for fatigue life according to stress, strain is more commonly used, repeats no more.
The present invention carries out tension and compression symmetrical cycle load using micro- power loading device for testing to funnel and annulus sheet metal specimens, obtains
The cycle-index under every grade of load and the load recycled every time, displacement peak-to-valley value are obtained, every grade of stable circulation (N is passed throughf/ 2) load
The Rotation permutations relationship of lotus-displacement lagging curve prediction material, and ε is established based on thiseq-εmWith εeq-σmRelationship,
Complete Manson-Coffin fatigue life predictions;The present invention overcomes the scantlings of classic fatigue performance test detection method
Limitation is not required to rely on empirical equation, can accurately obtain material circulation strain-stress relation, completes the fatigue to material
Life prediction;Solves small-scale structure part, the fatigue behaviour of welding material obtains and the micro- damage sampling remaining life inspection of structure in service
The crucial technical problem of survey;The key projects such as MEMS, aviation, energy resource system, biomedicine are widely present thin
The prediction acquisition of wall construction, the fatigue of materials mechanical property of small parts and active service material fatigue life is of great significance.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step 1:By the tension and compression symmetrical cycle load test of multistage strain amplitude of the sheet metal specimens under strain controlling, recycled
Stable load-displacement curves;
Step 2:Load-displacement curves hysteretic loop cusp is connected as cyclic loading-displacement curve, is closed with cyclic loading-displacement
System's prediction meets the Rotation permutations relationship of Ramberg-Osgood constitutive models;
Step 3:Using Rotation permutations relationship as material parameter, fatigue source RVE logarithmic strain width ε is establishedr, stress amplitude σrWith survey
Control strain amplitude εeqRelationship;
Step 4:According to εrAnd σrEstimation of fatigue life model is established, fatigue of materials performance is obtained.
2. a kind of fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid 2 detailed process is as follows:
S1:Linear fit is carried out to cyclic loading-displacement curve stretch section, slope S is respectively obtained by power law fit plasticity section
With load curvature C and exponent m;
In formula:heFor elastic displacement, h is Elastic-plastic Displacement, and P is external applied load;
S2:Bring S and C that above formula obtains into following formula:
In formula:E is the elasticity modulus of material, and K is stress intensity coefficient, and n is strain hardening exponent, k0,k1And k2For constant, R is
Characteristic length in sample, A* indicate feature area;
S3:Ramberg-Osgood models are substituted into according to E, K, the n obtained in step S2, obtain the Rotation permutations of material
Relationship;
In formula:ε is overall strain, εeFor elastic strain, εpFor plastic strain.
3. a kind of fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the k0,
k1And k2It is demarcated and is obtained by finite element, and relationship is as follows:
In formula, a1,a2And a3For k0Coefficient, b1,b2And b3For k1Coefficient, c1,c2And c3For k2Coefficient, λ are geometrical factor.
4. a kind of fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Manson-Coffin model fatigue life predictions are taken in rapid 4.
5. a kind of fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the examination
Sample includes funnel type sample and circular ring shape sample.
6. a kind of fatigue of materials performance acquisition methods of sheet metal specimens according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the leakage
In bucket type sample, the observing and controlling strain amplitude ε across funnel both sides is established by finite elementmWith funnel root logarithmic strain width εrWith it is average
Stress amplitude σaWith true stress width σrConversion formula, it is as follows in the range of strain of low fatigue:
Wherein mean stress width σa=P/A, A are the cross-sectional area of funnel root, c1~c2,d1~d2Be with material geometric dimension and
The related coefficient of material property.
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