CN108693055B - Method for acquiring material fatigue performance of thin sheet sample - Google Patents

Method for acquiring material fatigue performance of thin sheet sample Download PDF

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CN108693055B
CN108693055B CN201810648886.9A CN201810648886A CN108693055B CN 108693055 B CN108693055 B CN 108693055B CN 201810648886 A CN201810648886 A CN 201810648886A CN 108693055 B CN108693055 B CN 108693055B
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刘勤
蔡力勋
陈辉
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for acquiring material fatigue performance of a slice sample, which comprises the following steps: step 1: complete the tension-compression symmetrical cycle of the multi-stage strain amplitude of the thin slice sample under the strain controlLoading test to obtain cyclic stable load-displacement curve; step 2: connecting the hysteresis loop sharp points of the load-displacement curve as a cyclic load-displacement curve, and predicting the cyclic stress-strain relation which accords with the Ramberg-Osgood constitutive model according to the cyclic load-displacement relation; and step 3: the circulation stress-strain relation is taken as a material parameter to establish the RVE real strain amplitude of the fatigue sourcerAmplitude of stressσ rAnd measure and control strain amplitude eq The relationship of (1); and 4, step 4: according torAndσ r establishing a fatigue life estimation model to obtain the fatigue performance of the material; the invention overcomes the material size limitation of the traditional fatigue performance test detection method, does not need to rely on empirical formula, and is suitable for different materials and sample configurations.

Description

Method for acquiring material fatigue performance of thin sheet sample
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fatigue performance testing, and particularly discloses a method for acquiring material fatigue performance of a sheet sample.
Background
As basic content of structural stability and system safety evaluation, the fatigue mechanical property of the material has important significance on engineering safety analysis. The low cycle fatigue performance of the material is characterized by mainly comprising the low cycle stress-strain relation and the fatigue life curve of the material: the former describes the essential physical relationship of the mechanical behavior of the material under the elastic-plastic fatigue loading, and has important significance in strength analysis of a service structure under cyclic loading and the like; the latter describes the service state of the material under cyclic load, and is a basic curve for life evaluation and safety evaluation of the material or structure.
A large number of mechanisms or parts are subjected to cyclic load action of temperature, pressure and the like for a long time, and the material fatigue performance of a key structure is necessary for safety evaluation and failure analysis of a system. However, on one hand, due to the wide application of small devices or thin-wall pipelines in life and production, such as micro-electro-mechanical systems, biomedical engineering and new energy systems, due to the limitation of material size, the sampling requirement of the traditional testing method is difficult to meet; on the other hand, in order to meet the requirements of detecting the residual life of micro-loss sampling of an active structure, such as an aircraft engine blade, a reactor, a boiler, a pipeline and the like, the task is difficult to be completed by adopting the existing fatigue test means.
Fatigue property test of a Sheet sample, which is a method used for material Fatigue property test for nearly thirty years, has been used for more than thirty years, and since the eighties of the last century, Martin (J. e, Cyclic Stress-Strain and Fatigue Properties of Sheet Steel as Affected by byLoad Spectra [ J ] and Testing and evaluation.1983.66-74.) and Wisner (Wisner SB, Reynolds MB, Adamson rb. Fatigue floor of Irradiated and rugged uniformity and uniformity [ J ] American Society for Testing and Materials,1994.499-520) and the like have designed circular arc-shaped plate-shaped tests to develop symmetrical circular loop tests, which use average Strain in the thickness direction and the width direction respectively, and provide a technology for controlling the Fatigue property test and the configuration of the Sheet sample; gache and gaichi (gache. special-shaped sample fatigue and fracture performance test method research and application [ D ]. southwest university of transportation, master, 2011.; gache, charen. chache. low cycle fatigue test method for sheet material considering cyclic plasticity correction [ J ]. engineering mechanics, 2014,1:030.) the low cycle fatigue test is completed by adopting a funnel-shaped sample, and a stress-strain hysteresis loop rising section as a cyclic stress-strain relation of the material is provided for the material with cyclic masking effect, so that the fatigue life prediction of special materials is completed; gao, moh gao, etc. (billow, moh gao, chenhui, yao, study of the material elasto-plastic cycle constitutive relation test method based on the milliplatelet funnel sample [ J ] engineering mechanics, 2017; billow, moh gao, chenhui, yao di, test method for obtaining material strain fatigue performance based on the milliplatelet sample [ J ] mechanical engineering report, 2017,1:030.) the low-cycle fatigue test of materials was completed using the millimeter thick funnel platelet sample. The variable is equal to the variable performance because the external force does work, the strain energy is divided into energy separation functions related to the material, the geometric shape and the deformation, and the deformation energy is used for establishing the relationship between the load, the displacement, the material, the geometric shape and the like for the bridge. The energy separation function is as follows:
Figure BDA0001699192370000021
in the formula: f. of1(K) As a function of material, f2(xi) is a geometric distortion domain function, f3(h) Alpha is a plastic equivalent deformation volume coefficient and beta is an equivalent strain coefficient; according to the cyclic load displacement relationship, reversely predicting to obtain the elastic modulus E, the strength coefficient K and the hardening index n of the material which accords with the Ramberg-Osgood constitutive model;
Figure BDA0001699192370000022
wherein, eta, beta and gamma are coefficients related to materials and geometry. And (3) taking the cyclic stress-strain relationship as the material attribute, and obtaining the stress and strain of the RVE of the root of the material under any strain amplitude through finite element calculation to complete the fatigue life prediction of the material.
The mixture is aged and brightened, the expression method is equivalent to the expression method for deformation of the expression vector of; according to the momentum theorem, the external force does work and is equal to the internal energy variable, and the relation between the load displacement and the strain variable is established:
Figure BDA0001699192370000023
thereby establishing the theoretical relation between the load-displacement relation and the stress-strain relation.
In the prior art, a low-cycle symmetric fatigue test is completed for a sheet funnel sample, and test conditions and test technology support are provided; and a load-displacement semi-analytical model of a specific geometric relation of the sheet funnel sample is given (the sheet width W/the funnel radius R is 3); the method is used for predicting the material cyclic stress-strain relation and simultaneously completing fatigue life prediction; however, the model is only suitable for sample configurations with geometric similarity and has no universality for other sample configurations; in the Chen-Cai energy equivalent method, theoretical guidance of the energy equivalent method is given, an example is given for uniaxial constitutive relations of different sample configurations, and the method has a guidance effect on acquisition of a cyclic stress-strain relation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for acquiring the material fatigue performance of a sheet sample, which overcomes the material size limitation of the traditional fatigue performance test detection method, can acquire the material cyclic stress-strain relationship without depending on an empirical formula and can predict the material fatigue life.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for acquiring the material fatigue property of the thin slice sample comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a load-displacement curve with stable circulation through a tension-compression symmetrical cyclic loading test of a sheet sample under the strain control in a multistage strain amplitude;
step 2: connecting the hysteresis loop sharp points of the load-displacement curve as a cyclic load-displacement curve, and predicting the cyclic stress-strain relation which accords with the Ramberg-Osgood constitutive model according to the cyclic load-displacement relation;
and step 3: the circulation stress-strain relation is taken as a material parameter to establish the RVE real strain amplitude of the fatigue sourcerStress amplitude σrAnd measure and control strain amplitudeeqThe relationship of (1);
and 4, step 4: according torAnd σrAnd establishing a fatigue life estimation model to obtain the fatigue performance of the material.
Further, the strain amplitude and the stress amplitude of the fatigue source utilize a cyclic stress-strain relation, and the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
s1: performing linear fitting on the cyclic load-displacement curve elastic segment, and respectively obtaining a slope S, a loading curvature C and an index m through power law fitting on the plastic segment;
Figure BDA0001699192370000031
in the formula: h iseElastic displacement, h elastic-plastic displacement and P external load;
s2: substituting S and C from the above formula into the following formula:
Figure BDA0001699192370000032
in the formula: e is the elastic modulus of the material, K is the stress intensity coefficient, n is the strain hardening index, K0、k1And k2Is constant, R is the characteristic length of the sample, and A represents the characteristic area;
s3: substituting E, K, n obtained in the step S2 into a Ramberg-Osgood model to obtain a cyclic stress-strain relation of the material;
Figure BDA0001699192370000041
in the formula: in order to be the total strain,ein order to be elastically strained,pis a plastic strain.
Further, k is0、k1And k2Obtained by finite element calibration and the relationship is as follows:
Figure BDA0001699192370000042
in the formula, a1、a2And a3Is k0Coefficient, b1、b2And b3Is k1Coefficient, c1、c2And c3Is k2The coefficient, λ, is the geometric factor.
Further, in the step 4, a Manson-coffee model fatigue life prediction is adopted.
Further, the samples include a funnel-type sample and a ring-shaped sample.
Furthermore, in the funnel-shaped sample, the measurement and control strain amplitudes spanning two sides of the funnel are established through finite elementsmAmplitude of true strain of funnel rootrAnd the mean stress amplitude σaWith the true stress amplitude sigmarThe transformation formula of (c) in the low fatigue strain range is as follows:
Figure BDA0001699192370000043
wherein the mean stress amplitude σaP/A, A is the cross-sectional area of the root of the funnel, c1～c2、d1～d2Is a coefficient related to the material geometry and material properties.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method overcomes the material size limitation of the traditional fatigue performance test detection method, does not need to depend on an empirical formula, can accurately obtain the material cyclic stress-strain relation according to the unification and the simple calibration of a finite element, completes the prediction of the fatigue life of the material, and is suitable for different materials and sample configurations;
(2) the invention solves the key problems of fatigue state of small structural members, thin-wall pipelines and welding materials and the detection of the residual life of micro-loss sampling of active structures;
(3) the invention has important significance for obtaining the material fatigue mechanical properties of thin-wall structures and micro parts widely existing in the key engineering fields of micro-electro-mechanical systems, aviation, energy systems, biomedicine and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sample work section employed in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a finite element analysis model of a ring sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a Ramberg-Osgood power law constitutive curve of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of cyclic load versus displacement for a GH4169 circular ring shim sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the predicted results of the cyclic stress-strain curves of GH4169 circular ring sheet samples according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
A method for acquiring the fatigue property of a sheet sample material comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out an axial tension-compression symmetric cycle test on the sample to obtain a load-displacement curve;
the sample adopts a funnel shape and a circular ring shape as shown in figure 1, and the structural diagram of the working section is shown in figure 1; wherein the finite element analysis model of the ring-shaped sample is shown in figure 2; carrying out tension-compression symmetric cyclic loading on the funnel and the circular thin sheet sample by adopting a micro-force test loading device to obtain the cycle times under each stage of load, the load of each cycle and the displacement peak-valley value, and obtaining a load-displacement (P-h) curve; therefore, the low cycle fatigue test of the sheet sample is an important part in the technical scheme of the invention; the fatigue test sample is finished under the strain control of the test sample; in order to obtain enough material low-cycle fatigue information, the minimum service life of the material is about 1000 times, the maximum service life of the material is about 10000 times, the strain amplitude is divided into 7 grades according to the material characteristics, and each grade is not less than two samples.
Step 2: connecting the hysteresis loop sharp points of the load-displacement curve as a cyclic load-displacement curve, and obtaining a cyclic stress-strain relation according to a Ramberg-Osgood model;
s1: performing linear fitting on the cyclic load-displacement curve elastic segment, and respectively obtaining a slope S and a loading curvature C through power law fitting on the plastic segment;
Figure BDA0001699192370000051
in the formula: h iseElastic displacement, h elastic-plastic displacement and P external load;
s2: substituting S and C from the above formula into the following formula:
Figure BDA0001699192370000052
in the formula: e is the elastic modulus of the material, K is the stress intensity coefficient, n is the strain hardening index, K0、k1And k2Is constant, R is the characteristic length of the sample, and A represents the characteristic area; the shape and structure of the sample used in the invention are shown in figure 1, wherein the end A of the loading line is a fixed end, and the end B is a displacement loading end; assuming a characteristic length h*R denotes the notch radius of the circular funnel sample or the outer diameter of the circular sheet sample; characteristic volume V*＝h*A*，A*Indicating characteristic area, for funnel sample A*T is (2 w-pi R), w is the working section width, and t is the sample thickness; for circular ring slice sample, A*＝π(R2-r2) And r is the sample pore size.
For samples of different geometries, the geometric factor λ is used, where λ w/R for funnel sheet samples, and λ e [2.75, 4](ii) a And the lambda of the ring sheet sample is R/R, lambda epsilon [0.48, 0.72 ∈ ]](ii) a Wherein the dimensionless constant k0、k1And k2Can be obtained by finite element analysis calibration and has quadratic parabolic relation with the geometric factor:
Figure BDA0001699192370000061
according to the measurement requirements, the loading line displacement of the funnel sheet sample, the displacement across two sides of the funnel and the transverse displacement of the root part of the funnel can be respectively selected, the loading line displacement or the circular ring transverse displacement of the circular ring sample can also be adopted, and relevant fitting parameters are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 parameter List
Figure BDA0001699192370000062
For other geometries, k is only recalibrated in finite elements0、k1And k2The model is still applicable.
S3: substituting E, K, n obtained in the step S2 into a Ramberg-Osgood model to obtain a cyclic stress-strain relation of the material;
Figure BDA0001699192370000063
in the formula: in order to be the total strain,ein order to be elastically strained,pis a plastic strain.
The method selects a Ramberg-Osgood (R-O) stress-strain relation model which has better description on a yield region;
＝e+p
Figure BDA0001699192370000064
Figure BDA0001699192370000065
and step 3: establishing fatigue source RVE real strain amplitude according to cyclic stress-strain relationmStress amplitude σmAnd average strain amplitudeeqThe relationship of (1);
and 4, step 4: according tomAnd σmAnd establishing a fatigue life estimation model to obtain the fatigue performance of the material.
The strain amplitude-life curve is a basic curve for fatigue life evaluation of materials or structures, and the existing standard already gives an acquisition method; the method is characterized by acquiring a real strain amplitude and a stress amplitude of a fatigue source RVE (Representative Volume unit of a material); performing simple finite element elastoplasticity calculation according to the material cyclic stress-strain relation as the material attribute, and establishing the RVE true strain amplitude of the fatigue sourcemStress amplitude σmAnd average strain amplitudeeqAccording to the relationship ofmAnd σmAnd establishing a fatigue life Manson-coefficient estimation model, completing life prediction and obtaining the fatigue performance of the material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The invention takes the fatigue performance test of a funnel sheet sample and a circular ring sheet as an example. The sample is divided into a clamping section and a working section, and the working sections of the two samples are shown in figure 1. And (3) establishing a finite element simulation model, wherein a working section grid model is as shown in figure 2, one end of the working section grid model is fixedly hinged, and the other end of the working section grid model is loaded in a unidirectional mode. A Ramberg-Osgood constitutive model is adopted as a material attribute to calculate, a model curve is shown in figure 3 and comprises an elastic modulus, a strengthening coefficient and a hardening index, different material parameters and geometric configuration parameters are changed to carry out finite element simulation of multiple working conditions, a corresponding load-displacement curve is obtained, and elastic and plastic coefficients are calibrated.
The tensile-compression symmetric fatigue test under strain control is completed by using a funnel sheet sample made of GH4169 material, wherein the thickness t is 0.5mm, the arc radius R is 1.2mm, and the width w of a working section is 3.6 mm; the knife edges of the extensometers are arranged on two sides of the spanning funnel, the displacement of the two sides of the spanning funnel is collected and is represented by h, a load-displacement hysteresis curve with stable circulation is shown in fig. 4, and a connecting hysteresis loop sharp point is a characteristic curve of the displacement of the circulation load.
Fitting the linear section of the curve by using a straight line, fitting the pure plastic part by using a power law to obtain Ramberg-Osgood constitutive model parameters such as elastic modulus E, strengthening coefficient K and hardening index n, and substituting the obtained E, K, n into the model to obtain the cyclic stress-strain relation of the material; the cyclic stress-strain curves predicted according to different sheet samples and the fatigue test prediction result of the equivalent round bar made of the same material are shown in FIG. 5, and the cyclic stress-strain curves of different sheet samples are basically superposed with the result of the equivalent round bar. In practical use, the size and the geometric proportion of the sample can be adjusted according to the size of the material and the test conditions, and parameters of different geometric configurations of the working section can be obtained by simple calculation of finite elements. The cyclic stress-strain relationship is utilized to obtain the real stress and strain of the material, and the fatigue life prediction method according to the stress and strain is common and is not repeated.
The invention adopts a micro-force test loading device to carry out tension-compression symmetric cyclic loading on the funnel and the circular ring thin sheet sample, obtains the cycle times under each stage of load and the displacement peak-valley value of each cycle, and is stable through each stage of cycle (N)fThe load-displacement hysteresis curve of/2) predicts the cyclic stress-strain relationship of the material and establishes the relationship based on the cyclic stress-strain relationshipeq-mAndeq-σmcompleting Manson-coffee fatigue life prediction; the invention overcomes the material ruler of the traditional fatigue performance test detection methodThe size is limited, an empirical formula is not needed, the material cyclic stress-strain relation can be accurately obtained, and the fatigue life prediction of the material is completed; the key technical problems of obtaining the fatigue performance of small structural parts and welding materials and detecting the residual life of micro-loss sampling of active structures are solved; the method has important significance for predicting and obtaining the material fatigue mechanical properties and the active material fatigue life of thin-wall structures and micro parts widely existing in key projects such as micro-electro-mechanical systems, aviation, energy systems, biomedicine and the like.

Claims (5)

1. A method for acquiring material fatigue performance of a sheet sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a load-displacement curve with stable circulation through a tension-compression symmetrical cyclic loading test of a sheet sample under the strain control in a multistage strain amplitude;
step 2: connecting the hysteresis loop sharp points of the load-displacement curve as a cyclic load-displacement curve, and predicting the cyclic stress-strain relation which accords with the Ramberg-Osgood constitutive model according to the cyclic load-displacement relation;
and step 3: the circulation stress-strain relation is taken as a material parameter to establish the RVE real strain amplitude of the fatigue sourcerStress amplitude σrAnd measure and control strain amplitudeeqThe relationship of (1);
and 4, step 4: according torAnd σrEstablishing a fatigue life estimation model to obtain the fatigue performance of the material;
the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
s1: performing linear fitting on the cyclic load-displacement curve elastic segment, and respectively obtaining a slope S, a loading curvature C and an index m through power law fitting on the plastic segment;
Figure FDA0002463334750000011
in the formula: h iseElastic displacement, h elastic-plastic displacement and P external load;
s2: substituting S and C from the above formula into the following formula:
Figure FDA0002463334750000012
in the formula: e is the elastic modulus of the material, K is the stress intensity coefficient, n is the strain hardening index, K0、k1And k2Is constant, R is the characteristic length of the sample, and A represents the characteristic area;
s3: substituting E, K, n obtained in the step S2 into a Ramberg-Osgood model to obtain a cyclic stress-strain relation of the material;
Figure FDA0002463334750000013
in the formula: in order to be the total strain,ein order to be elastically strained,pis a plastic strain.
2. The method for obtaining the material fatigue property of the thin slice sample according to claim 1, wherein the k is0、k1And k2Obtained by finite element calibration and the relationship is as follows:
Figure FDA0002463334750000014
in the formula, a1、a2And a3Is k0Coefficient, b1、b2And b3Is k1Coefficient, c1、c2And c3Is k2The coefficient, λ, is the geometric factor.
3. The method for acquiring the material fatigue property of the flake sample according to claim 1, wherein a Manson-coffee model fatigue life prediction is adopted in the step 4.
4. The method for acquiring the material fatigue property of the thin slice sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample comprises a funnel-shaped sample and a circular ring-shaped sample.
5. The method for obtaining material fatigue performance of thin slice sample according to claim 4, wherein in the funnel-shaped sample, the measurement and control strain amplitude across two sides of the funnel is established by finite elementsmAmplitude of true strain of funnel rootrAnd the mean stress amplitude σaWith the true stress amplitude sigmarThe transformation formula of (c) in the low fatigue strain range is as follows:
Figure FDA0002463334750000021
wherein the mean stress amplitude σaP/A, A is the cross-sectional area of the root of the funnel, c1～c2、d1～d2Is a coefficient related to the material geometry and material properties.
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