CN110529348B - Heat engine device for realizing heat energy-mechanical energy conversion by utilizing shape memory alloy - Google Patents
Heat engine device for realizing heat energy-mechanical energy conversion by utilizing shape memory alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN110529348B CN110529348B CN201910926987.2A CN201910926987A CN110529348B CN 110529348 B CN110529348 B CN 110529348B CN 201910926987 A CN201910926987 A CN 201910926987A CN 110529348 B CN110529348 B CN 110529348B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/065—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
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Abstract
A heat engine device for realizing heat energy-mechanical energy conversion by utilizing shape memory alloy belongs to the field of power devices. Comprises a piston type solid-state thermal energy conversion device; the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device comprises a shell, an upper piston, a lower piston and an SMA spring; the bottom of the shell is closed, the top of the shell is open, and the side wall of the shell is provided with a hot water inlet, a cold water inlet, a hot water outlet and a cold water outlet; the upper piston and the lower piston are both positioned in the shell, the SMA spring is positioned between the upper piston and the lower piston, and the top of the upper piston is provided with a connecting shaft. According to the invention, hot water and cold water are alternately introduced into the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device, the SMA spring is expanded by cooling and contracted by heating, and the piston is pushed to output power in a reciprocating manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power devices, in particular to a heat engine device for realizing heat energy-mechanical energy conversion by utilizing shape memory alloy.
Background
Conventional energy converters such as steam turbines and gas turbines mainly use changes in the state of matter of gas to perform energy conversion, and thus the thermal efficiency in low-temperature regions is low, and particularly, heat generated by power plants and waste incinerators is greatly lost by transferring heat energy over long distances, and thus such heat energy is limited to use in adjacent regions, but if working substances of heat engines are changed to solids, chemical energy converters implemented by using changes in the atomic bonding energy of solid substances have considerably high thermal efficiency even in low-temperature regions, and thus it is necessary to develop power generation techniques using energy that cannot be used in low-temperature regions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the low-temperature region of the traditional energy converter has low thermal efficiency, the invention provides a heat engine device for converting heat energy into mechanical energy by utilizing shape memory alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a heat engine device for realizing heat energy-mechanical energy conversion by utilizing shape memory alloy comprises a piston type solid state heat energy conversion device; the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device comprises a shell, an upper piston, a lower piston and an SMA spring; the bottom of the shell is closed, the top of the shell is open, and the side wall of the shell is provided with a hot water inlet, a cold water inlet, a hot water outlet and a cold water outlet; the upper piston and the lower piston are both positioned in the shell, the SMA spring is positioned between the upper piston and the lower piston, and the top of the upper piston is provided with a connecting shaft.
Furthermore, the middle part of the SMA spring is fixed with the shell through a fixing frame, the side walls of the upper piston and the lower piston are attached to the shell, a passage is arranged inside the upper piston and the lower piston, an upper baffle is arranged above the upper piston, the side wall of the upper baffle is attached to the shell, and the upper piston and the lower piston slide between an extending position and a contracting position in the shell.
Further, when the upper piston and the lower piston are located at the contraction position, the SMA spring is in a contraction state, the upper piston seals the hot water inlet, the hot water outlet is located above the upper piston, the upper baffle is located above the hot water outlet, the lower piston seals the cold water outlet, and the cold water inlet is located below the lower piston.
Further, when the upper piston and the lower piston are located at the extending positions, the SMA spring is in an extending state, the upper piston seals the hot water outlet, the hot water inlet is located below the upper piston, the lower piston seals the cold water inlet, and the cold water outlet is located above the lower piston.
Further, the bottom of the lower piston extends out of the fixed shaft, the bottom of the fixed shaft is provided with a lower baffle, the side wall of the lower baffle is attached to the shell, when the lower piston is located at the contraction position, the cold water inlet is located above the lower baffle, and when the lower piston is located at the extension position, the lower baffle is attached to the bottom of the shell.
Furthermore, the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion devices are arranged in pairs and are respectively connected with the lever in a rotating mode, the telescopic shaft of the oil press is also connected with the lever in a rotating mode, and a fulcrum is arranged between the connecting points of the lever and the two piston type solid-state heat energy conversion devices.
Furthermore, the hot water inlet and the hot water outlet are respectively connected with the hot water tank through pipelines, a micro pump is arranged between the hot water tank and the hot water inlet, the cold water inlet and the cold water outlet are respectively connected with the cold water tank through pipelines, and a micro pump is arranged between the cold water inlet and the cold water tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: hot water and cold water are alternately introduced into the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device, and the SMA spring is expanded by cooling and contracted by heating to reciprocally push the piston to output power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a portion of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a piston-type solid state thermal energy conversion device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a top view of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an oil press, 2, a strain gauge, 3, a lever, 4, a piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device, 5, a micro pump, 6, an upper piston, 7, an SMA spring, 8, a hot water outlet, 9, a cold water outlet, 10, a hot water inlet, 11, a cold water inlet, 12, a connecting shaft, 13, a fixed frame, 14, a shell and 15, a lower piston are arranged.
Detailed Description
A heat engine device for realizing heat energy-mechanical energy conversion by utilizing shape memory alloy comprises a piston type solid state heat energy conversion device 4; the piston type solid-state thermal energy conversion device 4 comprises a shell 14, an upper piston 6, a lower piston 15 and an SMA spring 7; the bottom of the shell 14 is closed, the top is open, and the side wall is provided with a hot water inlet 10, a cold water inlet 11, a hot water outlet 8 and a cold water outlet 9; the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 are both positioned in the shell 14, the SMA spring 7 is positioned between the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15, and the top of the upper piston 6 is provided with a connecting shaft 12.
The middle part of the SMA spring 7 is fixed with a shell 14 through a fixing frame 13, the side walls of the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 are attached to the shell 14, a passage is arranged inside the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15, an upper baffle plate is arranged above the upper piston 6, the side wall of the upper baffle plate is attached to the shell 14, and the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 slide between an extending position and a retracting position in the shell 14.
When the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 are located at the contraction position, the SMA spring 7 is in a contraction state, the upper piston 6 seals the hot water inlet 10, the hot water outlet 8 is located above the upper piston 6, the upper baffle is located above the hot water outlet 8, the lower piston 15 seals the cold water outlet 9, the cold water inlet 11 is located below the lower piston 15, and at this time, hot water is located in the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4.
After the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 reach the contraction position, the hot water inside is led out from the hot water outlet 8 through the upper piston 6, the cold water is led in from the cold water inlet 11 through the lower piston 15, the SMA spring 7 is cooled and starts to expand until the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 reach the expansion position.
When the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 are located at the extending positions, the SMA spring 7 is in an extending state, the upper piston 6 seals the hot water outlet 8, the hot water inlet 10 is located below the upper piston 6, the lower piston 15 seals the cold water inlet 11, and the cold water outlet 9 is located above the lower piston 15, and at this time, cold water is in the piston type solid-state thermal energy conversion device 4.
After the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 reach the extension position, the cold water inside is led out from the cold water outlet 9, the hot water is led in from the hot water inlet 10, the SMA spring 7 starts to contract after being heated until the upper piston 6 and the lower piston 15 reach the contraction position; and the operation is repeated in sequence.
The preferred hot water inlet 10 and cold water inlet 11 are located on one side of the piston solid state thermal energy conversion device 4, and the hot water outlet 8 and cold water outlet 9 are located on the other side; the preferred hot water temperature is 50-100 degrees and the cold water temperature is 20-30 degrees.
The fixed axle is stretched out to lower piston 15 bottom, and the fixed axle bottom is equipped with down the baffle, and lower baffle lateral wall and shell 14 laminating, when lower piston 15 was located the contraction position, cold water inlet 11 was located baffle top down, and when lower piston 15 was located the extension position, lower baffle and the laminating of shell 14 bottom formed sealed cabin between overhead gage and the lower baffle, and overhead gage and lower baffle are equipped with sealed the pad.
The piston type solid-state thermal energy conversion devices 4 are arranged in pairs, a connecting shaft 12 of one piston type solid-state thermal energy conversion device 4 is rotatably connected with the middle of the lever 3, a connecting shaft 12 of the other piston type solid-state thermal energy conversion device 4 is rotatably connected with one end of the lever 3, the other end of the lever 3 is rotatably connected with a telescopic shaft of the oil press 1, a strain gauge 2 is arranged on the telescopic shaft, the strain gauge 2 is preferably a Kyowa strain gauge purchased from Kyoho instruments and devices, Inc., and the type is as follows: KH high temperature welding foil gage (kHCR/KHCX), operating temperature: -50-350 ℃, resistance: 350 ohms; grid length: 5mm, self-compensating expansion coefficient: 11. 16 × microstrain/° c; the strain sensor is very suitable for long-term strain monitoring and severe-condition high-temperature strain measurement; a fulcrum is arranged between connecting points of the lever 3 and the two piston type solid-state heat energy conversion devices 4, the distances between the connecting point of the two piston type solid-state heat energy conversion devices 4 and the fulcrum are both L1, the distance between the connecting point 12 of one piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 and the connecting point of the middle rotating connecting point of the lever 3 and the connecting point of the other end of the lever 3 and the telescopic shaft of the oil press 1 is L2, and L2 is twice of L1.
The SMA spring 7 is made compressed above its reverse phase transition point, produces a strong contraction at high temperatures and is weak against extension below the phase transition point, so that this difference can be exploited as the power of the upper piston 6. Hot water is introduced into one piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 to a temperature higher than the phase transition point of the inverse martensite, cold water is introduced into the other piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 to be cooled to a temperature lower than the phase transition point, so that the connecting shaft 12 of the one piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 retracts, the connecting shaft 12 of the other piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 extends, the lever 3 drives the telescopic shaft of the oil press 1 to extend (as shown in figure 1), then, cold water is introduced into the one piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 to be cooled to a temperature lower than the phase transition point, hot water is introduced into the other piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 to a temperature higher than the phase transition point of the inverse martensite, the lever 3 drives the telescopic shaft of the oil press 1 to retract, and the telescopic shaft makes linear reciprocating motion so that the oil press 1 generates mechanical energy.
The hot water inlet 10 and the hot water outlet 8 are respectively connected with a hot water tank through pipelines, a micro pump 5 is arranged between the hot water tank and the hot water inlet 10, a cold water inlet 11 and a cold water outlet 9 are respectively connected with a cold water tank through pipelines, the micro pump 5 is arranged between the cold water inlet 11 and the cold water tank, the hot water tank is also connected with a heat energy collecting device, and the heat energy collecting device adopts a rigid heat insulation container.
Whether the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 can efficiently complete the driving work is characterized by sensitivity of introducing hot water and cold water into the SMA spring 7, the introduced hot water and the introduced cold water are mutually independent and are respectively introduced under the driving of the two micropumps 5 in sequence, the micropumps 5 can be controlled by a single chip microcomputer, for more efficient work, a temperature sensor is arranged in the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 to monitor real-time temperature in the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 and transmit information to a main control board, so that the micro pumps 5 are switched on and off, the rhythm of circulation of the hot water and the cold water is controlled, and the influence of hysteresis temperature of the shape memory alloy on the work of the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device 4 is reduced as much as possible.
Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), a novel functional metallic material, which was produced in the early sixties of the last century, has excellent shape memory effect and pseudo-elasticity, the shape of the shape memory alloy can be changed through a certain temperature field and a certain force field, larger displacement and driving force are output, particularly, a large restoring force can be generated when martensite phase transformation occurs, the shape memory alloy can be made into a driver and the like to be applied to the field of intelligent robots, and the shape memory alloy is widely applied to many fields including electromechanics, aerospace, medical appliances, automobiles and the like at present, the embodiment comprises the piston type solid-state thermal energy conversion device 4 designed by means of the characteristics of the shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy of the SMA spring 7 in the embodiment is preferably TiNi-based shape memory alloy, NiMnGa-based shape memory alloy, NiMnIn shape memory alloy and Co-Ni-based shape memory alloy.
The present embodiment is a chemical energy converter realized by utilizing the change of atomic bonding energy of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), and the thermal efficiency is quite high even in a low temperature range, so that the power generation technology can be developed by utilizing the energy which cannot be utilized in the low temperature range, the present embodiment can be applied to the power generation department in the low temperature field in the future, the present embodiment is popularized in the society, and meanwhile, the technology of industrial waste heat can be effectively utilized, so that the electric energy of hundreds of kilowatt-hours can be produced, which plays an important role in social energy conservation and environmental protection, and the economic effect is self-evident.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A heat engine apparatus for converting thermal energy to mechanical energy using shape memory alloys, characterised by comprising a piston-type solid state thermal energy conversion device (4); the piston type solid-state thermal energy conversion device (4) comprises a shell (14), an upper piston (6), a lower piston (15) and an SMA spring (7); the bottom of the shell (14) is closed, the top of the shell is open, and the side wall of the shell is provided with a hot water inlet (10), a cold water inlet (11), a hot water outlet (8) and a cold water outlet (9); the upper piston (6) and the lower piston (15) are both positioned in the shell (14), the SMA spring (7) is positioned between the upper piston (6) and the lower piston (15), and the top of the upper piston (6) is provided with a connecting shaft (12); the bottom of the lower piston (15) extends out of the fixed shaft, a lower baffle plate is arranged at the bottom of the fixed shaft, the side wall of the lower baffle plate is attached to the shell (14), when the lower piston (15) is located at the contraction position, the cold water inlet (11) is located above the lower baffle plate, when the lower piston (15) is located at the extension position, the lower baffle plate is attached to the bottom of the shell (14), a sealed cabin is formed between the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate, and the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate are provided with sealing gaskets; the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion devices (4) are arranged in pairs and are respectively rotatably connected with the lever (3), a telescopic shaft of the oil press (1) is also rotatably connected with the lever (3), a connecting shaft (12) of the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device (4) far away from the oil press (1) is rotatably connected with one end of the lever (3), the other end of the lever (3) is rotatably connected with the telescopic shaft of the oil press (1), a fulcrum is arranged between the connecting points of the lever (3) and the two piston type solid-state heat energy conversion devices (4), the distance between the connecting point of the two piston type solid-state heat energy conversion devices (4) and the fulcrum is L1, the distance between the connecting shaft (12) of the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device (4) close to the oil press (1) and the connecting point of the rotary connection between the middle part of the lever (3) and the telescopic shaft of the other end of the lever (3) is L2, l2 is twice that of L1; be equipped with foil gage (2) on the telescopic shaft, the foil gage model is: KH high temperature welding foil gage, operating temperature: -50-350 ℃, resistance: 350 ohms; grid length: 5mm, self-compensating expansion coefficient: 11. 16 × microstrain/° c; the hot water inlet (10) and the hot water outlet (8) are respectively connected with a hot water tank through pipelines, the hot water tank is also connected with a heat energy collecting device, and the heat energy collecting device adopts a rigid heat insulation container; a micro pump (5) is arranged between the hot water tank and the hot water inlet (10), the cold water inlet (11) and the cold water outlet (9) are respectively connected with the cold water tank through pipelines, and the micro pump (5) is arranged between the cold water inlet (11) and the cold water tank; the micro pump (5) is controlled by the single chip microcomputer, for more efficient work, a temperature sensor is arranged in the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device (4) to monitor the real-time temperature in the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device (4), and information is transmitted to the main control board, so that the micro pump (5) is opened and closed, the rhythm of hot water and cold water circulation is controlled, and the influence of the hysteresis temperature of the shape memory alloy on the work of the piston type solid-state heat energy conversion device (4) is reduced as far as possible.
2. A heat engine apparatus for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy by using shape memory alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the middle of the SMA spring (7) is fixed with the housing (14) by a fixing frame (13), the side walls of the upper piston (6) and the lower piston (15) are both attached to the housing (14), the upper piston (6) and the lower piston (15) are provided with a passage inside, an upper baffle is arranged above the upper piston (6), the side wall of the upper baffle is attached to the housing (14), and the upper piston (6) and the lower piston (15) slide between an extended position and a retracted position in the housing (14).
3. A heat engine apparatus for converting thermal energy to mechanical energy using shape memory alloys, as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that when the upper piston (6) and the lower piston (15) are in said contracted position, the SMA spring (7) is in a contracted state, the upper piston (6) closes the hot water inlet (10), the hot water outlet (8) is above the upper piston (6), the upper baffle is above the hot water outlet (8), the lower piston (15) closes the cold water outlet (9), and the cold water inlet (11) is below the lower piston (15).
4. A heat engine apparatus for converting thermal energy to mechanical energy using shape memory alloys according to claim 2 wherein when the upper piston (6) and the lower piston (15) are in said extended position, the SMA spring (7) is in an extended state, the upper piston (6) closes the hot water outlet (8), the hot water inlet (10) is located below the upper piston (6), the lower piston (15) closes the cold water inlet (11), and the cold water outlet (9) is located above the lower piston (15).
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| CN201910926987.2A CN110529348B (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2019-09-27 | Heat engine device for realizing heat energy-mechanical energy conversion by utilizing shape memory alloy |
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| CN201910926987.2A CN110529348B (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2019-09-27 | Heat engine device for realizing heat energy-mechanical energy conversion by utilizing shape memory alloy |
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| CN110529348B true CN110529348B (en) | 2021-11-26 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4800722A (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1989-01-31 | Ilkka Arvola | Method and equipment for converting thermal energy to mechanical energy |
| CN106764246A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-05-31 | 大连大学 | Based on the pipe robot that marmem drives |
| CN108087222A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-05-29 | 大连大学 | For the movable pulley mechanism of Marmem heat engine |
| CN209294646U (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-08-23 | 大连大学 | A kind of pipe robot based on marmem joule thermal drivers |
-
2019
- 2019-09-27 CN CN201910926987.2A patent/CN110529348B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4800722A (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1989-01-31 | Ilkka Arvola | Method and equipment for converting thermal energy to mechanical energy |
| CN106764246A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-05-31 | 大连大学 | Based on the pipe robot that marmem drives |
| CN108087222A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-05-29 | 大连大学 | For the movable pulley mechanism of Marmem heat engine |
| CN209294646U (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-08-23 | 大连大学 | A kind of pipe robot based on marmem joule thermal drivers |
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