CN110526532B - Method for preparing garden fertilizer by utilizing harmless and reduction treatment sludge of microorganisms - Google Patents
Method for preparing garden fertilizer by utilizing harmless and reduction treatment sludge of microorganisms Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a fertilizer for gardens by utilizing harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of microorganisms, which comprises the following steps of (1) sludge reduction treatment: consuming organic substances in the sludge by utilizing the microbial metabolism of a reduction bacterial Colony (CMD), reducing the water content of the sludge and reducing the volume of the sludge; (2) sludge innocent treatment: leaching heavy metal harmful substances in sludge into a solution by utilizing an acidic environment which is generated by a harmless flora (CMB) and generates iron ions, separating to generate a filtrate and a mud cake with the heavy metal content reaching the national standard by using a filter pressing method, and then separating and recovering the heavy metal by treating the filtrate; (3) preparing the garden fertilizer by recycling the sludge: and (3) performing anaerobic fermentation treatment on the separated mud cakes by utilizing a resource microbial Community (CMA), and adding beneficial bacteria to prepare the fertilizer for the gardens. The invention realizes the treatment process of reduction, harmlessness and reclamation of the sludge by utilizing the combined action of various microbial floras with different functions, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating and utilizing sludge, in particular to a method for preparing garden fertilizer by utilizing harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of sludge by microorganisms, belonging to the field of water pollution control.
Background
The current situation and dilemma that sewage is changed into sludge, pollution is transferred greatly, and water treatment is not mud, which is equal to white treatment, are formed in the sewage treatment process. The routes of domestic and foreign sludge treatment mainly include landfill, incineration, composting and anaerobic or aerobic digestion. The landfill needs to occupy a large amount of land resources and may cause land pollution, and the incineration can generate air pollutants such as dioxin, so the use of the two disposal methods is increasingly limited. The composting and anaerobic or aerobic digestion treatment mode based on microorganisms has become an important development direction of sludge treatment in recent years due to the advantages of environmental protection and contribution to resource utilization or safe treatment of sludge.
The sludge contains a large amount of organic matters, germs, parasites and harmful substances (such as heavy metals and organic compounds), wherein the heavy metals become key problems in the safe disposal and the resource utilization of the sludge. Two strategies, namely solidification and removal, are mainly adopted in the sludge heavy metal treatment. The solidification mainly combines the heavy metals through physical means or chemical substances to reduce the biological activity of the heavy metals, but the solidification effect of the heavy metals is weakened or disappeared along with the change of space-time environment, and the heavy metals enter the environment again to cause potential ecological hazard, so the heavy metal solidification only can relatively reduce or reduce the hazard effect of the heavy metals, but cannot radically eliminate the heavy metal pollution.
The sludge heavy metal removal is an effective method for fundamentally solving heavy metal pollution, and mainly comprises an electrochemical technology, an ion exchange technology, a chemical leaching technology and a biological leaching technology. Among them, the electrochemical method and the ion exchange technology require high equipment requirements and operations, and are inconvenient; chemical leaching has an obvious effect of removing heavy metals with strong complexation, but the heavy metals with poor complexation are difficult to remove, and secondary environmental pollution can be caused by the added chemical substances.
The bioleaching technology (bioleaching) of microorganisms utilizes the acid-producing characteristic of microorganisms, can effectively leach heavy metals in sludge into a solution, and then remove the heavy metals through solid-liquid separation. The microbial leaching technology has the characteristics of simple equipment, convenient operation, low treatment cost, less secondary pollution and the like. Since the early 90 s of the 20 th century, the microbial method is used abroad to remove or recover heavy metals from sludge, and the reason for influencing the bioleaching effect of the sludge is studied in detail. In recent years, researchers in China also widely develop the research of the microbial leaching principle and the development and industrial application of related technologies, and obtain better results. The microorganism has high leaching efficiency on the sludge heavy metal and is environment-friendly, and the removal of the heavy metal in the sludge is realized, so the microorganism leaching technology has wide development prospect in the sludge heavy metal treatment.
The treatment technology based on the microorganisms shows unique technical advantages in aspects of sludge resource utilization, sludge heavy metal removal and the like, such as low carbon, environmental protection, no secondary pollution, good treatment effect and the like, so the treatment technology gradually becomes an important research and development direction of sludge treatment. The research and development of the sludge microbial treatment technology can realize the green treatment and resource utilization of sludge, particularly heavy metal sludge, form a green sludge treatment industry, and construct an industrial chain and a circular economy mode for sewage-sludge treatment.
However, no patent is reported about a method for preparing fertilizer for gardens by using microbial strains with different functions in the sludge microbial treatment process and establishing an appropriate reaction system according to the working principle of each strain through retrieval.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a garden fertilizer by utilizing sludge subjected to harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of microorganisms.
The invention relates to a method for preparing garden fertilizer by utilizing harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of sludge by microorganisms, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sludge reduction treatment: consuming organic substances in the sludge by utilizing the microbial metabolism of a reduction bacterial Colony (CMD), reducing the water content of the sludge and reducing the volume of the sludge;
(2) sludge innocent treatment: leaching heavy metal harmful substances in the sludge into a solution by utilizing an acid environment which is generated by a harmless flora (CMB) and generates iron ions and has a pH value of less than 2, separating to generate a filtrate and a mud cake with the heavy metal content reaching the national standard by using a filter pressing method, and then separating and recovering the heavy metal by treating the filtrate;
(3) preparing the garden fertilizer by recycling the sludge: carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment on the separated mud cakes by utilizing a resource microbial Community (CMA), and then adding beneficial bacteria to prepare a fertilizer for gardens;
the method is characterized in that:
the sludge reduction treatment method in the step (1) comprises the following steps: putting the sludge which is not dehydrated and exceeds the standard of the detected heavy metals into a bioreactor, inoculating 10-20% of a reduction bacterial population (CMD) according to the volume ratio, setting the temperature at 25-45 ℃, rotating speed at 150-300 rpm and ventilation volume at 1-3L/min, carrying out sludge fermentation reaction, keeping the pH value of sludge fermentation liquor at 7.5-8.5, sampling every day to detect the sedimentation ratio of the sludge, and stopping the fermentation process when the volume of flocculent sludge accounts for 10 +/-1% of the total volume; after fermentation is completed, the organic matter content in the sludge is reduced by 40-50%, standing is carried out to separate flocculent sludge from free water, the free water flows back to a sewage treatment tank for reuse, and the flocculent sludge is subjected to next treatment; wherein, the reduction bacterial Colony (CMD) adopts CM complex microbial inoculum of Shandong YiAn biological engineering company, registration number: microbial fertilizer (2002) standard (0050);
the method for the harmless treatment of the sludge in the step (2) comprises the following steps: inoculating 10-20% of harmless flora (CMB) into flocculent sludge according to the volume ratio, and then adding 5-10 g/L sulfur powder and 5-20 g/L FeSO4·7H2O, setting the temperature to be 20-45 ℃, rotating speed to be 100-200 rpm, and ventilation volume to be 0.5-2L/min, performing flocculent sludge fermentation, sampling in the reaction, detecting the pH value, and stopping the reaction when the pH value is reduced to 1.5; separating by filter pressing to obtain filtrate and mud cakeAdding heavy metal ions leached by precipitation of polymeric aluminum ferric silicate into the filtrate according to the adding amount of 15mg/L, sending heavy metal precipitation slag to a professional company for recovery treatment, returning supernatant to a sewage treatment tank for reuse if the content of the heavy metal reaches the national standard, and performing next treatment after the content of the separated mud cakes reaches the national standard through the detection of the content of the heavy metals Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni; wherein the sludge harmless bacteria group (CMB) is formed by each bacteria with the cell concentration of 109Mixing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptosporium ferrophilum at a volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1;
the method for preparing the garden fertilizer by recycling the sludge in the step (3) comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing resource flora (CMA) with the mud cakes meeting the national standard in the step (2) in an inoculation amount of 1-5% by volume, controlling the total water content to be 30-45%, and stacking and fermenting; the temperature of the stack is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃, the stack should be turned over, the stack can be matured after 10 +/-1 days of anaerobic fermentation treatment, and then the stack can be matured according to the volume of 10L/m3Adding beneficial bacteria in the ratio to prepare the garden fertilizer with the pH value of 5.5-8.5, the water content of less than or equal to 40%, the total nutrient (TN + TP + TK) of not less than 3% and the organic matter content of not less than 25%; wherein the resource microbial Community (CMA) adopts CM soil microbial remediation microbial inoculum of Shandong YiAn biological engineering Limited company, registration number: microbial fertilizer (2018) number 6313; the beneficial bacteria are prepared from each bacteria with cell concentration of 1010The lactobacillus plantarum, the azotobacter, the bacillus subtilis and the active lactobacillus are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
In the method for preparing the fertilizer for the gardens by utilizing the sludge subjected to the harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of the microorganisms, the method comprises the following steps: the sludge is various sludge produced by sewage treatment plants or high-risk sludge rich in heavy metals produced in the industries of electroplating, tanning and printing and dyeing.
The method for preparing the fertilizer for the gardens by utilizing the sludge subjected to the harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of the microorganisms further preferably comprises the following steps:
setting the temperature in the step (1) to be 30-32 ℃, rotating speed to be 170-200 rpm and ventilation volume to be 3L/min, and carrying out sludge fermentation reaction.
Inoculating 20% of harmless flora (CMB) into the flocculent sludge according to the volume ratio, and then adding sulfur powder with the final concentration of 10g/L and FeSO with the final concentration of 10g/L4·7H2O。
Setting the temperature in the step (2) as 30 ℃, rotating speed of 100rpm and ventilation volume of 1L/min, and performing flocculent sludge fermentation.
And (4) controlling the total moisture in the step (3) to be 35-40%. If the water content is too high and the fermentation effect is influenced, other substances can be added in the stirring process for adjusting the back.
The invention discloses a method for preparing garden fertilizer by utilizing harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of microorganism, which utilizes the combined action of various microorganism floras with different functions to realize the treatment processes of quantitative reduction, harmless treatment and resource treatment of the sludge (as shown in figures 1 and 2), and the technology mainly comprises the following three steps:
(1) sludge reduction: consuming organic substances in the sludge by utilizing the microbial metabolism of a reduction bacterial Colony (CMD), reducing the water content of the sludge and reducing the volume of the sludge; consumes some micromolecular alcohol and organic acid in the sludge, and is beneficial to the growth of flora in the harmless treatment process. The core of sludge reduction is the biological aerobic fermentation process of a composite flora consisting of a plurality of heterotrophic bacteria.
(2) Sludge harmlessness: harmful substances such as heavy metals in the sludge are leached into the solution by utilizing an acid environment with pH value less than 2 and containing iron ions generated by a harmless microbial Community (CMB), the harmful substances such as heavy metals are removed from the sludge through solid-liquid separation, the heavy metals in the leachate can be recovered, and the sludge from which the harmful substances are removed can be further recycled.
(3) Sludge recycling: and (2) carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment on the sludge subjected to filter pressing by utilizing a recycling flora (CMA), degrading organic matters by anaerobic microorganisms, increasing fertilizer, adjusting pH, and adding beneficial bacteria required by plant growth to produce the fertilizer for gardens meeting the national standard.
The core of the method is to develop microbial floras with different functions in the sludge microbial treatment process, establish a suitable reaction system according to the working principle of each floras, form a complete system for preparing fertilizer for gardens by treating sludge with microorganisms, realize harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of sludge, and be a novel green biotechnology.
The invention treats the sludge through the microorganisms, realizes the harmlessness, reduction and reclamation of the sludge, and solves the problems of soil pollution and land resource occupation caused by sludge landfill and air pollution caused by sludge combustion. The concrete effects and technical indexes are as follows:
(1) the volume of the colloidal sludge is reduced by more than 90%, and the content of organic matters is reduced by more than 50%;
(2) more than 90% of heavy metals in the sludge are leached out, so that resource utilization can be carried out;
(3) the produced organic fertilizer reaches the national soil standard for gardens.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sludge treatment technique using microorganisms.
Fig. 2 is a technical roadmap.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the present examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
1. Basic characteristics of sludge
In the embodiment, the tannery sludge with the detected heavy metals exceeding the standard is used, the Cr content reaches 13250mg/kg, exceeds the national sludge resource standard (the highest allowable Cr content is 1000mg/kg) by 13 times, the organic matter content is 2.45%, and other detailed parameters are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 basic characteristics of tannery sludge
2. Sludge reduction treatment
Putting 600L of un-dehydrated sludge with excessive heavy metals into a fermentation tank with the volume of 700L, inoculating 20% of a reduction bacterial population (CMD) (a CM complex microbial inoculum of Shandong Yian biological engineering company is selected, and the registration number is microbial fertilizer (2002) standard number (0050)) according to the volume ratio to perform sludge fermentation reaction, setting the temperature at 30 ℃, rotating speed at 180rpm, and ventilation quantity at 3L/min, maintaining the pH value of sludge fermentation liquor at 7.5-8.5, sampling every day to detect the sedimentation ratio of the sludge, changing the fermentation sludge from micelle shape to flocculent shape after 5-6 days, and stopping the fermentation process when the volume of the flocculent sludge accounts for 10% of the total volume; at the moment, the flocculent sludge accounts for 10 percent of the total volume, more than 90 percent of the flocculent sludge forms free water and is completely separated from the flocculent sludge. After fermentation is finished, the organic matter content reaches 1.23 percent and is reduced by about 50 percent compared with the organic matter content of the initial sludge, standing is carried out to separate flocculent sludge from free water, the free water flows back to a sewage treatment pool for reuse, and the flocculent sludge is subjected to next treatment;
colloidal sewage is reduced and converted into flocculent precipitate, and supernatant and precipitate are separated by precipitation, so that the next operation is facilitated.
The sludge organic matter detection method comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the cleaned crucible in an oven to be dried to constant weight, moving the crucible to a dryer to be cooled to room temperature, and accurately weighing the mass of the crucible. Weighing 5g of sludge original shape, placing the sludge original shape in a prepared crucible, placing the crucible in an oven, drying the crucible to constant weight at the temperature of 105-110 ℃, taking out the sludge, placing the sludge in a dryer, cooling the sludge to room temperature, taking out the crucible from the dryer, and weighing the crucible. And (3) putting the dried and weighed sample into a resistance furnace, burning for about 60min at 600 ℃, taking out, cooling for 30min in a dryer, weighing, and calculating the result, wherein the organic matter content is reduced from 2.45% to 1.23% after the sludge reduction treatment.
3. Innocent treatment of sludge
Adding harmless flora (CMB) to the primarily dewatered flocculent sludge, wherein the cell concentration of each bacteria is 109Mixing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptosporium ferrophilum at a volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1; inoculation volume ratio of 20 percent), sulfur powder (final concentration of 10g/L) and FeSO4·7H2O (final concentration 10g/L), setting the temperature to be 30 ℃, performing flocculent sludge fermentation under the conditions of rotating speed of 100rpm and ventilation volume of 1L/min, sampling in the reaction, detecting the pH value, and stopping the reaction when the pH value is reduced to 1.5; in the experiment, after harmless treatment is carried out for about 5 days, the pH value is reduced to 1.5, a filter pressing method is used for separating to generate filtrate and mud cakes, the separated filtrate is added with heavy metal ions precipitated and leached by polymeric aluminum ferric silicate according to the adding amount of 15mg/L, heavy metal precipitation slag is sent to a professional company for recovery treatment, if the content of the heavy metal in the supernatant reaches the national standard, the supernatant returns to a sewage treatment tank for reuse, and the separated mud cakes are subjected to next treatment after the content of the heavy metals Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni in the separated mud cakes reaches the national standard;
in the experiment, the hexavalent chromium content of the supernatant reaches 0.2mg/L and reaches the national industrial wastewater discharge standard of 0.5mg/L, the water content of the separated mud cake is about 40%, and the determination steps of the contents of heavy metals Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni are as follows:
preparation of the experiment: soaking polytetrafluoroethylene tube and 50mL volumetric flask in 10% nitric acid (guaranteed reagent) for 24h, and adding distilled water and ddH2And O, cleaning for 3 times respectively.
The experiment was terminated when the flocculent sludge fermentation pH dropped to 1.5. Taking 10mL of inoculated sludge, filter-pressing, separating solid and liquid, respectively weighing 0.3g of mud cake and 2mL of filtrate in each sample, feeding the mud cake and the filtrate into a polytetrafluoroethylene digestion tube, marking, adding 10mL of high-grade pure microwave into each tube to perform digestion for 2 hours, confirming that all solids are completely digested, and otherwise, continuing digestion until all solids are completely digested. The digestion product was placed in an acid expeller, placed in a fume hood at 140 ℃ to expel acid until approximately 0.5mL of liquid remained. Pouring the residual liquid into a volumetric flask using ddH2O rinsing for 3 times, rinsing liquidThe solution was also placed in a volumetric flask and the volume was adjusted to 50 mL.
The liquid was diluted in a gradient and the concentration of each ion was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy.
The result shows that the heavy metal content in the mud cake is obviously reduced, the Cr content of 124.8mg/kg reaches the national sludge resource standard (less than or equal to 1000mg/kg), the other heavy metal content is also obviously reduced, the Ni content (5.6mg/kg) is less than or equal to 200mg/kg, Zn, Cd and Cu can be basically and completely removed, and the result shows that the treated mud cake can be used for landscaping compost.
4. Resource utilization of sludge
Uniformly mixing a resource flora (CMA) with the mud cakes which reach the national standard in an inoculation amount of 1% by volume, controlling the total water content to be 30-40%, and stacking and fermenting; the temperature of the stack is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃, the stack should be turned over, the stack can be matured after 10 +/-1 days of anaerobic fermentation treatment, and then the stack can be matured according to the volume of 10L/m3Adding beneficial bacteria in the ratio to prepare the garden fertilizer with the pH value of 5.5-8.5, the water content of less than or equal to 40%, the total nutrient (TN + TP + TK) of not less than 3% and the organic matter content of not less than 25%; wherein the resource microbial Community (CMA) adopts CM soil microbial remediation microbial inoculum of Shandong YiAn biological engineering Limited company, registration number: microbial fertilizer (2018) number 6313; the beneficial bacteria are prepared from each bacteria with cell concentration of 1010The lactobacillus plantarum, the azotobacter, the bacillus subtilis and the active lactobacillus are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
Example 2
1. Basic characteristics of sludge
In this example, electroplating sludge with excessive heavy metals was used, and the index was similar to that of example 1.
2. Sludge reduction treatment
Putting 600L of un-dehydrated sludge with excessive heavy metals into a fermentation tank with the volume of 700L, inoculating 15% of a reduction bacterial population (CMD) (a CM complex microbial inoculum of Shandong Yian biological engineering company is selected, and the registration number is microbial fertilizer (2002) standard number (0050)) according to the volume ratio to perform sludge fermentation reaction, setting the temperature at 40 ℃, rotating speed at 300rpm, and ventilation quantity at 2L/min, maintaining the pH value of sludge fermentation liquor at 7.5-8.5, sampling every day to detect the sedimentation ratio of the sludge, changing the fermentation sludge from micelle shape to flocculent shape after 6-7 days, and stopping the fermentation process when the volume of the flocculent sludge accounts for 10% of the total volume; at the moment, the flocculent sludge accounts for 10 percent of the total volume, more than 90 percent of the flocculent sludge forms free water and is completely separated from the flocculent sludge. After fermentation is finished, the organic matter content reaches 1.31 percent, which is obviously reduced compared with the organic matter content of the initial sludge, standing to separate flocculent sludge from free water, returning the free water to a sewage treatment pool for reuse, and carrying out next treatment on the flocculent sludge;
3. innocent treatment of sludge
Adding harmless flora (CMB) to the primarily dewatered flocculent sludge, wherein the cell concentration of each bacteria is 109Mixing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptosporium ferrophilum at a volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1; 15 percent of inoculation volume ratio), sulfur powder (final concentration of 5g/L) and FeSO4·7H2O (final concentration 15g/L), setting the temperature to be 30 ℃, performing flocculent sludge fermentation under the conditions of rotation speed of 180rpm and ventilation volume of 1.5L/min, sampling in the reaction, detecting the pH value, and stopping the reaction when the pH value is reduced to 1.5; in the experiment, after harmless treatment for about 5 days, the pH value is reduced to 1.5, a filter pressing method is used for separating to generate filtrate and mud cakes, the separated filtrate is added with heavy metal ions precipitated and leached by polymeric aluminum ferric silicate according to the adding amount of 15mg/L, heavy metal precipitation slag is sent to a professional company for recovery treatment, the content of hexavalent chromium in the supernatant is 0.2mg/L and reaches the national industrial sewage discharge standard, the supernatant flows back to a sewage treatment pool for reuse, the water content of the separated mud cakes is about 45%, the content of heavy metals Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni in the filter cakes is measured, the measuring steps are the same as the embodiment 1, and the mud cakes are subjected to next treatment after the content detection of the heavy metals Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni reaches the national standard;
the result shows that the heavy metal content in the mud cake is obviously reduced, the Cr content reaches the sludge resource standard, the other heavy metal content is also obviously reduced, the Cr content (159.3mg/kg) is less than or equal to 1000mg/kg, the Ni content (4.9mg/kg) is less than or equal to 200mg/kg, Zn, Cd and Cu can be basically and completely removed, and the treated mud cake can be used for landscaping compost.
4. Resource utilization of sludge
Uniformly mixing a resource flora (CMA) with the mud cakes which reach the national standard in an inoculation amount of 3% by volume, controlling the total water content to be 30-40%, and stacking and fermenting; the temperature of the stack is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃, the stack should be turned over, the stack can be matured after 10 +/-1 days of anaerobic fermentation treatment, and then the stack can be matured according to the volume of 10L/m3Adding beneficial bacteria in the ratio to prepare the garden fertilizer with the pH value of 5.5-8.5, the water content of less than or equal to 40%, the total nutrient (TN + TP + TK) of not less than 3% and the organic matter content of not less than 25%; wherein the resource microbial Community (CMA) adopts CM soil microbial remediation microbial inoculum of Shandong YiAn biological engineering Limited company, registration number: microbial fertilizer (2018) number 6313; the beneficial bacteria are prepared from each bacteria with cell concentration of 1010The lactobacillus plantarum, the azotobacter, the bacillus subtilis and the active lactobacillus are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
Example 3
1. Basic characteristics of sludge
The present example used a printing sludge that was tested to be out of compliance with heavy metals, similar to the index of example 1.
2. Sludge reduction treatment
Putting 600L of un-dehydrated sludge with excessive heavy metals into a fermentation tank with the volume of 700L, inoculating 10% of a reduction bacterial population (CMD) (a CM complex microbial inoculum of Shandong Yian biological engineering company is selected, and the registration number is microbial fertilizer (2002) standard number (0050)) according to the volume ratio to perform sludge fermentation reaction, setting the temperature at 25 ℃, rotating speed at 100rpm, and ventilation quantity at 1L/min, maintaining the pH value of sludge fermentation liquor at 7.5-8.5, sampling every day to detect the sedimentation ratio of the sludge, changing the fermentation sludge from micelle shape to flocculent shape after 8-9 days, and stopping the fermentation process when the volume of the flocculent sludge accounts for 10% of the total volume; at the moment, the flocculent sludge accounts for 10 percent of the total volume, more than 90 percent of the flocculent sludge forms free water and is completely separated from the flocculent sludge. After fermentation is finished, the organic matter content reaches 1.3 percent, which is obviously reduced compared with the organic matter content of the initial sludge, standing to separate flocculent sludge from free water, returning the free water to a sewage treatment pool for reuse, and carrying out next treatment on the flocculent sludge;
3. innocent treatment of sludge
Adding harmless flora (CMB) to the primarily dewatered flocculent sludge, wherein the cell concentration of each bacteria is 109Mixing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptosporium ferrophilum at a volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1; 10 percent of inoculation volume ratio), sulfur powder (final concentration of 5g/L) and FeSO4·7H2O (final concentration 5g/L), setting the temperature to be 25 ℃, performing flocculent sludge fermentation under the conditions of rotating speed of 100rpm and ventilation volume of 2L/min, sampling in the reaction, detecting the pH value, and stopping the reaction when the pH value is reduced to 1.5; in the experiment, after harmless treatment for about 6 days, the pH value is reduced to 1.5, a filter pressing method is used for separating to generate filtrate and mud cakes, the separated filtrate is added with heavy metal ions precipitated and leached by polymeric aluminum ferric silicate according to the adding amount of 15mg/L, heavy metal precipitation slag is sent to a professional company for recovery treatment, the content of hexavalent chromium in the supernatant is 0.2mg/L and reaches the national industrial sewage discharge standard, the supernatant flows back to a sewage treatment pool for reuse, the water content of the separated mud cakes is about 45%, the content of heavy metals Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni in the filter cakes is measured, the measuring steps are the same as the embodiment 1, and the mud cakes are subjected to next treatment after the content detection of the heavy metals Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni reaches the national standard;
the result shows that the heavy metal content in the mud cake is obviously reduced, the Cr content reaches the sludge resource standard, the other heavy metal content is also obviously reduced, the Cr content (186.8mg/kg) is less than or equal to 1000mg/kg, the Ni content (7.1mg/kg) is less than or equal to 200mg/kg, Zn, Cd and Cu can be basically and completely removed, and the treated mud cake can be used for landscaping composting.
4. Resource utilization of sludge
Uniformly mixing a resource flora (CMA) with the mud cakes which reach the national standard in an inoculation amount of 5% by volume, controlling the total water content to be 30-40%, and stacking and fermenting; the temperature of the stack is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃, the stack should be turned over, the stack can be matured after 10 +/-1 days of anaerobic fermentation treatment, and then the stack can be matured according to the volume of 10L/m3Adding beneficial bacteria in the ratio to prepareThe garden fertilizer has a pH value of 5.5-8.5, a water content of less than or equal to 40%, total nutrients (TN + TP + TK) of not less than 3%, and organic matter content of not less than 25%; wherein the resource microbial Community (CMA) adopts CM soil microbial remediation microbial inoculum of Shandong YiAn biological engineering Limited company, registration number: microbial fertilizer (2018) number 6313; the beneficial bacteria are prepared from each bacteria with cell concentration of 1010The lactobacillus plantarum, the azotobacter, the bacillus subtilis and the active lactobacillus are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing a fertilizer for gardens by utilizing harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of sludge by microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sludge reduction treatment: organic substances in the sludge are consumed by utilizing the microbial metabolism of the reduction flora, the water content of the sludge is reduced, and the volume of the sludge is reduced;
the method for sludge reduction treatment comprises the following steps: putting the sludge which is not dehydrated and exceeds the standard of the detected heavy metals into a bioreactor, inoculating 10-20% of reduction flora according to the volume ratio, setting the temperature at 25-45 ℃, rotating speed at 150-300 rpm, and ventilation volume at 1-3L/min, carrying out sludge fermentation reaction, maintaining the pH value of sludge fermentation liquor at 7.5-8.5, sampling every day to detect the sedimentation ratio of the sludge, and stopping the fermentation process when the volume of flocculent sludge accounts for 10 +/-1% of the total volume; after fermentation is completed, the organic matter content in the sludge is reduced by 40-50%, standing is carried out to separate flocculent sludge from free water, the free water flows back to a sewage treatment tank for reuse, and the flocculent sludge is subjected to next treatment; wherein the reduction flora adopts CM complex microbial inoculum of Shandong YiAn biological engineering company, registration number: microbial fertilizer (2002) standard (0050);
(2) sludge innocent treatment: leaching heavy metal harmful substances in the sludge into a solution by utilizing an acid environment with the pH value less than 2 and generating iron ions by using a harmless flora, separating to generate a filtrate and a mud cake with the heavy metal content reaching the national standard by using a filter pressing method, and then separating and recovering the heavy metal by treating the filtrate;
wherein the sludge innocent treatment method comprises the following steps: on waddingInoculating 10-20% of harmless flora into the sludge in a volume ratio, and then adding 5-10 g/L sulfur powder and 5-20 g/L FeSO4·7H2O, setting the temperature to be 20-45 ℃, rotating speed to be 100-200 rpm, and ventilation volume to be 0.5-2L/min, performing flocculent sludge fermentation, sampling in the reaction, detecting the pH value, and stopping the reaction when the pH value is reduced to 1.5; separating to generate filtrate and mud cakes by using a filter pressing method, adding heavy metal ions leached by polyaluminum ferric silicate precipitation into the separated filtrate according to the adding amount of 15mg/L, sending heavy metal precipitation slag to a professional company for recovery treatment, returning supernatant to a sewage treatment tank for reuse if the content of heavy metal in the supernatant reaches the national standard, and performing next treatment after the content of heavy metal Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni in the separated mud cakes reaches the national standard; wherein the sludge harmless flora is composed of each bacteria with cell concentration of 109Mixing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptosporium ferrophilum at a volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1;
(3) preparing the garden fertilizer by recycling the sludge: carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment on the separated mud cakes by utilizing resource flora, and then adding beneficial bacteria to prepare a fertilizer for gardens;
the method for preparing the garden fertilizer by recycling the sludge comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the resource flora with the mud cakes meeting the national standard in the step (2) in an inoculation amount of 1-5% by volume, controlling the total water content to be 30-40%, and stacking and fermenting; the temperature of the stack is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃, the stack is turned over, the stack is matured after 10 +/-1 days of anaerobic fermentation treatment, and then the stack is matured according to the volume of 10L/m3Adding beneficial bacteria according to the proportion to prepare the garden fertilizer with the pH value of 5.5-8.5, the water content of less than or equal to 40 percent and the total nutrient of more than or equal to 3 percent, wherein the total nutrient refers to TN + TP + TK, and the organic matter content of more than or equal to 25 percent; wherein the resource flora adopts CM soil microbial remediation microbial inoculum of Shandong YiAn biological engineering Limited company, registration number: microbial fertilizer (2018) number 6313; the beneficial bacteria are prepared from each bacteria with cell concentration of 1010Four per ml of lactobacillus plantarum, azotobacter, bacillus subtilis and active lactobacillus on the marketThe bacteria are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
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