CN110518359B - 一种扇形双谐偶极子天线 - Google Patents

一种扇形双谐偶极子天线 Download PDF

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CN110518359B
CN110518359B CN201910773228.7A CN201910773228A CN110518359B CN 110518359 B CN110518359 B CN 110518359B CN 201910773228 A CN201910773228 A CN 201910773228A CN 110518359 B CN110518359 B CN 110518359B
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fan
shaped
antenna
dipole antenna
sectored
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CN110518359A (zh
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吕文俊
赵志宾
李壮
吴汉
李司杰
王见远
吴志芳
李小慧
朱洪波
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Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Priority to US17/053,257 priority patent/US11349216B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/096337 priority patent/WO2021031670A1/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285Planar dipole
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06Details
    • H01Q9/065Microstrip dipole antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10Resonant antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10Resonant antennas
    • H01Q5/15Resonant antennas for operation of centre-fed antennas comprising one or more collinear, substantially straight or elongated active elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/35Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种扇形双谐偶极子天线,所述天线的辐射单元为两个相同的扇形贴片,在扇形贴片上偏离两扇形贴片中轴线的位置对称设置两个相同的矩形槽或加载两个相同的调谐枝节,在扇形贴片上靠近中轴线的一条边上对称设置激发点。本发明通过二维扇形振子实现宽波束辐射特性,进而在扇形振子两臂的适当位置进行开槽或加载调谐枝节,能在工作频带内实现双谐特性,这一特性取决于扇形振子上激发点的位置、扇形贴片的半径、开槽或所加枝节的长度、宽度以及角度。本发明天线拥有较宽的阻抗带宽、体积小、结构简单等特点。

Description

一种扇形双谐偶极子天线
技术领域
本发明属于物联网与微波技术领域,尤其涉及一种扇形双谐偶极子天线。
背景技术
伴随着宽带无线通信的发展,双谐偶极子天线技术得到越来越广泛的应用,目前移动通信系统中较多应用的天线工作频段的谐振点较单一,频带宽度较窄,所以迫切需要一种多谐,并且频带宽度较宽的天线。
发明内容
发明目的:针对以上问题,本发明提出一种扇形双谐偶极子天线,在工作频段内可以出现双谐特性,相对带宽可达60%以上,且体积小、结构简单,便于制作实现。
技术方案:为实现本发明的目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种扇形双谐偶极子天线,所述天线的辐射单元为两个相同的扇形贴片,在扇形贴片上偏离两扇形贴片中轴线的位置对称设置两个相同的矩形槽或加载两个相同的调谐枝节,在扇形贴片上靠近中轴线的一条边上对称设置激发点。
进一步地,矩形槽或调谐枝节的长度范围为0到三分之一个波长,宽度范围为0到八分之一个波长,位置及其个数由第一个或第二个高阶谐振模式的电流分布零点决定,关于中轴线对称配置。
进一步地,所加载调谐枝节的形状不限。
进一步地,扇形贴片的弧长范围为二分之一个波长到两个波长,扇形圆心角的范围为10°到180°,扇形贴片的半径范围为十分之一个波长到二分之一个波长。
进一步地,两个扇形贴片不直接相连。
进一步地,所述天线在扇形贴片的激发点处馈电。
进一步地,激发点的位置距离圆心为0.1倍扇形半径到1倍扇形半径。
有益效果:本发明的扇形双谐偶极子天线,辐射单元为一对扇形偶极子结构,可以实现双谐特性、较宽的阻抗带宽,并且制作工艺简单,成本低廉。
附图说明
图1是天线结构俯视图;
图2是用HFSS画出的天线反射系数示意图;
图3是用HFSS画出的天线在ZX面方向图;
图4是用HFSS画出的天线在XY面方向图;
图5是用HFSS画出的天线增益随频率的变化图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
如图1所示,本发明所述的天线的辐射单元由一对扇形偶极子结构,其中,扇形偶极子结构由两个相同的扇形贴片(1)、以及扇形贴片上的两个相同的矩形槽(3)或两个相同的调谐枝节(5)构成,利用扇形偶极子的二维电流分布实现宽波束特性。矩形槽或调谐枝节的长度、宽度可以为0。所加载调谐枝节的形状不限,可以是矩形、L形或其他形状。
下面通过具体实例对本发明的技术方案作进一步阐述,其中,扇形贴片的半径、圆心角均可改变。两个扇形贴片的弧长范围为二分之一个波长到两个波长,每个扇形圆心角4均在10°到180°之间,每个扇形的半径范围为十分之一个波长到二分之一个波长。天线的谐振模式受控于扇形弧长和圆心角,采用两个谐振模式进行辐射。
矩形槽和枝节在扇形贴片上的位置,即相对于x轴正方向的角度可以改变。矩形槽或调谐枝节的长度范围为0到三分之一个波长,宽度范围为0到八分之一个波长,位置及其个数由第一个或第二个高阶谐振模式的电流分布零点决定,关于中轴线对称配置。
扇形振子两臂上的激发点的位置可以改变,即可在x轴方向进行移动。扇形振子两臂的激发点2位于扇形贴片靠近中轴线的一条边上,其位置距离圆心为0.1倍扇形半径到1倍扇形半径。两臂不直接相连,分别在扇形振子两臂的激发点处馈电。
用HFSS软件仿真计算得到的天线各项特性。
附图2是天线的反射系数示意图。由图2可见,天线的阻抗带宽覆盖了2.42GHz(2.14GHz-4.56GHz),中心频率在3.25GHz,相对带宽约为74%,在2.53GHz和4.20GHz处实现了双谐特性。
天线辐射方向图如图3、图4所示,其中图3是该天线ZX面主极化方向图,由图可见该天线半功率波束张角可达到150°以上;图4是该天线XY面主极化方向图,由图可见该天线半功率波束张角可达到150°以上。
附图5给出了该天线在工作频带内随频率变化的增益图,可以看出在最大辐射方向上天线的平均增益可以达到3.3dBi,中心频率处的增益约为3dBi。
本发明扇形双谐偶极子天线的设计可以实现双谐特性,且体积小、宽带宽、宽波束、结构简单、便于制作实现。

Claims (7)

1.一种扇形双谐偶极子天线,其特征在于,所述天线的辐射单元为两个相同的扇形贴片(1),在扇形贴片上偏离两扇形贴片中轴线的位置对称设置两个相同的矩形槽(3),或者加载两个相同的调谐枝节(5),两个相同的扇形贴片(1)中,分别有一条边相互靠近平行,在扇形贴片上靠近中轴线的一对平行边上对称设置激发点(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扇形双谐偶极子天线,其特征在于,矩形槽或调谐枝节的长度范围为0到三分之一个波长,宽度范围为0到八分之一个波长;位置及其个数由第一个或第二个高阶谐振模式的电流分布零点决定,关于中轴线对称配置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的扇形双谐偶极子天线,其特征在于,所加载调谐枝节的形状不限。
4.根据权利要求1所述的扇形双谐偶极子天线,其特征在于,扇形贴片的弧长范围为二分之一个波长到两个波长,扇形圆心角的范围为10°到180°,扇形贴片的半径范围为十分之一个波长到二分之一个波长。
5.根据权利要求1所述的扇形双谐偶极子天线,其特征在于,两个扇形贴片不直接相连。
6.根据权利要求1所述的扇形双谐偶极子天线,其特征在于,所述天线在扇形贴片的激发点处馈电。
7.根据权利要求1所述的扇形双谐偶极子天线,其特征在于,激发点的位置距离圆心为0.1倍扇形半径到1倍扇形半径。
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CN110957562A (zh) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-03 东软睿驰汽车技术(沈阳)有限公司 一种v2x用天线及电动汽车
US11929541B2 (en) * 2020-11-20 2024-03-12 U-Blox Ag GNSS antenna
CN113745822B (zh) * 2021-07-20 2022-12-06 南京邮电大学 一种低交叉极化非对称毫米波振子天线的设计方法
CN114976653B (zh) * 2022-06-13 2023-10-13 南京邮电大学 一种高增益平面端射天线的设计方法
CN114944555B (zh) * 2022-06-13 2023-12-08 南京邮电大学 一种扇形偶极子圆极化天线
CN115995684A (zh) * 2023-02-23 2023-04-21 南京邮电大学 水平面零向频扫天线

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