CN110516285A - Lining Concrete of Diversion cools down age control method - Google Patents
Lining Concrete of Diversion cools down age control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110516285A CN110516285A CN201910614161.2A CN201910614161A CN110516285A CN 110516285 A CN110516285 A CN 110516285A CN 201910614161 A CN201910614161 A CN 201910614161A CN 110516285 A CN110516285 A CN 110516285A
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Abstract
The present invention provides Lining Concrete of Diversion cooling age control method, comprising: collects lining concrete temperature control data；Based on the cooling control age T of lining concrete temperature control material computation water flowing being collected intoj=2H+5 (formula 1), in formula: H is lining concrete structural thickness；According to the cooling control age T of water flowingjWater flowing cooling time is controlled to liner structure low-heat cement concrete.The cooling control age calculation formula 1 of water flowing provided by the invention directly reflects the influence of lining thickness, different liner structures and its cross dimensions are contained indirectly, concrete species, strength grade, pour season, placing temperature, water flowing cooling and its influence of water temperature and Insulation, the cooling age control of water flowing is in the optimal period, avoid manual control error, reduce labor intensity, both will not too long time water flowing cooling cause to waste, in turn ensure the cooling temperature control quality of water flowing, it being capable of the cooling age control of science realization Lining Concrete of Diversion.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lining concrete Winkler foundation fields, and in particular to a kind of Lining Concrete of Diversion cooling age
Phase control method.
Background technique
Lining cutting is a kind of structure that civil engineering is widely used.The heat of hydration of the lining concrete due to cementitious materials such as cement
Effect can heat up and generate very high internal temperature, as in shiplock area of Three Gorses Project inside conveyance tunnel lining concrete most
High-temperature reaches nearly 60 DEG C, and maximum temperature reaches more than 70 DEG C inside Chamber in Xiaolangdi Hydropower Stations conveyance tunnel lining concrete.Liner structure
Thickness it is small, most intensity is high (such as large hydropower station flood discharging tunnel intensity reaches C50, C60), and internal temperature is high, and temperature drop amplitude is big,
Temperature rise temperature drop speed is fast, by the thin-walled lining cutting of the extremely strong constraint such as country rock and supporting construction, is easy to happen temperature in the construction time and splits
Seam, and being through property endangers crack mostly.As shown in Figure 1, fracture unit seriously affects progress duration and the cost of engineering,
Fail to repair perfect crosscutting concern (being generally all difficult to reach former xoncrete structure performance) and seriously affects the resistance to of liner structure
Long property and service life even result in leakage and threaten engineering safety.The leak (east depth water supply wild goose field tunnel) of spray regime is also direct
Endanger the health and comfort level of people.
It is cooling that cooling water pipe water flowing is buried in concrete, and maximum temperature and interior can be effectively reduced inside structural concrete
The outer temperature difference is a kind of extremely effective temperature controlled anticracking working measure, in the construction of all kinds of civil construction mass concrete engineerings
It is widely used.Water flowing cooling provision is taken in underground water conservancy project lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking, most earlier than 1999 in research three
It is proposed in the conveyance tunnel lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking of gorge Shiplock underground, in middle dividing pier conveyance tunnel lining concrete temperature-control construction
Middle use obtains certain effect.Later, there is pressure section lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking construction in Right Bank Underground Power Station of TGP power tunnel
In use comprehensively.In particular, in the Hydropower Station Undergrounds engineering Concrete Temperature Control anti-crack constructions such as Xi Luodu, white crane beach, black East Germany
It uses comprehensively.
It is existing cooling for the control of underground excavation engineering lining concrete temperature and water flowing general all scarce in relation to design specification
Weary define provides that it is all to refer to dam that the water flowing of underground chamber lining concrete is cooling in water conservancy and hydropower multi-purpose project with specific
The cooling method of mass concrete water flowing.
Water flowing is cooling generally to divide for 3 phases used in dam work Concrete Temperature Control: initial stage, it is therefore an objective to control maximum temperature, to the greatest extent may be used
Maximum temperature can be reduced, also just uses water at low temperature and big flow as far as possible；Mid-term, it is therefore an objective to control internal-external temperature difference, water temperature is preferably fitted
When；Later period, it is therefore an objective to which dam body is down to the temperature drop amplitude of equilibrium temperature after control-joint grouting.Which but either phase, require
The temperature difference and temperature drop speed and each phase water flowing time between control dam concrete and cooling water.Dam concrete and cooling
The temperature difference between water, each Authority Contro1 value is almost the same, is 20 DEG C~25 DEG C.Temperature drop speed, each Authority Contro1 value have larger difference
Not, work specification in dam is 1.0 DEG C/day；Concrete construction specification provides that initial stage is 1.0 DEG C/day, and mid-term is 0.5 DEG C/day.It is logical
The water time does not have specified in more detail in dam work specification；Concrete construction specification regulation, initial stage cooling desirable 10~20d, mid-term
Cooling water flowing is preferably 1~2 month or so.In addition, concrete construction specification is it further provides that the flow velocity of water is suitable in initial stage water service pipe
For 0.6~0.7m/s, water (flow) direction should be per exchange 1 time for 24 hours.
And the thickness of lining concrete is small, temperature rise is fast, and general 2~3d or so age reaches maximum temperature；Temperature drop is also fast, just
Phase is mostly more than 2 DEG C/day, some even most 5 DEG C/day；Construction time only once temperature rise temperature drop process.These controls of obvious dam
Index (by stages, water flowing time, temperature drop speed etc.) processed is all not applicable.But it is also all to refer to dam one phase water flowing cooling so far, it is white
Crane beach hydroelectric station design requires water flowing time 30d, and black East Germany and Xi Luo Du reservoir require 15d, and white crane beach hydroelectric station design is wanted
Ask temperature drop speed less than 1.0 DEG C/day.On the one hand the time for being water flowing cooling (due to there was only phase water flowing, and is that concrete pours
Build and start water flowing, so really water flowing cooling age) there is no scientific basis；Second is that lining concrete is in the cooling feelings of obstructed water
The temperature drop speed of condition alreadys exceed 1.0 DEG C/day, it is desirable that less than 1.0 DEG C/day, hence it is evident that unreasonable.Moreover, the mistake cooling in water flowing
Cheng Zhong is to use manual control, and the environment influence such as sense of responsibility, weather of temperature control effect and people has relationship.
In summary situation illustrates, currently used liner structure concrete internal temperature controls water flowing cooling means,
Water flowing cooling age (time) science is poor, does not have theory support, is obvious unreasonable, and it is poor that Concrete temperature controlling ensures.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to carry out to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of Lining Concrete of Diversion cools down age
Phase control method, science realize the control of Lining Concrete of Diversion cooling temperature.
The present invention to achieve the goals above, uses following scheme:
As shown in figure 3, the present invention provides a kind of cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
Step 1. collects lining concrete temperature control data；
Step 2. is based on the cooling control age T of lining concrete temperature control material computation water flowing being collected intoj:
Tj=2H+5 (formula 1),
In formula: H is lining concrete structural thickness；
Step 3. is according to the cooling control age T of water flowingjWater flowing cooling time is controlled to lining concrete.
Preferably, the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion provided by the invention, can also have the feature that
Step 1 includes: step 1-1. finishing analysis liner structure engineering basic document, including collect with lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking and
The cooling related design of its water flowing, construction, supervision documents, especially technical requirement on design；Step 1-2. analyzes lining concrete
Temperature control technical requirement on design, including the technical requirements in terms of Concrete Temperature Control, permission maximum temperature, temperature controlled anticracking measure；Step
Content of the 1-3. based on step 1-1 and 1-2 drafts the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing, including water flowing cooling water pipe arrangement, water flowing cooling
Water temperature and flow control.
Further, the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion provided by the invention, can also have the feature that
Step 1 further include: step 1-4. executes the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing.
Preferably, the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion provided by the invention, can also have the feature that
Step 2 is executed using control processor, step 3 is further executed using control processor control water cooling switching mechanism.Pass through this
Realize automation control, it is more accurate efficient.
In addition, the cooling control age T of above-mentioned water flowingjCalculation formula 1 be by small stream Luo Du, white crane beach, Wu Dongde 3
For the different structures such as heavy construction flood discharging tunnel and power tunnel thickness, varying strength lining concrete, using three-dimensional finite element method
Simulation calculation obtains the cooling temperature control characteristic of Lining Concrete of Diversion and its rule, is then obtained by creative research.Including such as
Lower process:
1) the cooling opportunity control parameter analysis of water flowing
Lining concrete, thickness is relatively small, only once heat of hydration temperature rise temperature drop process, therefore also only phase water flowing
It is cooling, but its effect includes the table temperature difference in reducing internal maximum temperature and controlling.Water flowing cooling opportunity includes that water flowing cooling starts
With the time of end.The water flowing cooling time started is the time of concrete covering cooling water pipe, i.e., water flowing is cooling at the very start.
So water flowing cooling opportunity it needs to be determined that parameter be the water flowing time, the as cooling total duration of water flowing and water flowing cooling age
Phase Td。
Since the cooling target of water flowing is to reduce internal maximum temperature TmaxWith the interior table temperature difference △ T of control (reduction)max, water flowing is cold
But age just has to be larger than TmaxAge T occursmdWith △ TmaxAge △ T occursmd.In view of water flowing T cooling timedGreater than △
TmdTemperature controlled anticracking still has lesser effect, and cannot allow to stop water flowing cooling causes the interior table temperature difference to increase, TdIt should be big
In △ TmdSlightly some more times.Certainly, it is contemplated that economy, water flowing time are also unsuitable too long.
2) different-thickness lining concrete Tmax、△TmaxAge and suitable water flowing time study occurs
By taking the tailrace tunnel gateway opening type liner structure of white crane beach hydropower station hole as an example, concrete strength C9025 low-heat cement
Concrete.0.8m, 1.0m, 1.2m are established, the finite element model of five thickness of 1.5m, 2.0m carries out different water flowing time schemes
Simulation calculation, study different-thickness TmdWith △ TmdValue and suitable water flowing time.
According to the above FInite Element Simulation Analysis, 5 different-thickness concrete linings are arranged in the cooling feelings of obstructed water
There is age and is listed in following table 1 in condition temperature profile value, and each water flowing cooling related time is listed in following table 2.
Age occurs for the cooling each lining thickness temperature profile value of situation of the obstructed water of table 1
The cooling situation of each thickness Lining Concrete of Diversion of table 2 related age and recommended value
According to above-mentioned table 2, is occurred into for inside concrete maximum temperature and the most imperial palace table temperature difference, and suggest that water flowing is cold age
But the relationship of age and lining thickness is shown in Fig. 4.
According to Fig. 4, there is age and water flowing cooling suggestion age and lining in inside concrete maximum temperature, most the imperial palace table temperature difference
It builds thickness and constitutes linear relationship substantially.Each related age tentatively cooling to water flowing and lining thickness relationship carry out simple Linear Quasi
It closes:
There is age (d) in internal maximum temperature: Tmd=0.5682H+1.4114,
Most there is age (d) in the imperial palace table temperature difference: △ Tmd=1.4205H+2.3034,
It is recommended that water flowing cools down age (d): Td=2.0455H+2.4409,
3) multiple-project lining concrete Tmax、△TmaxAge statistics and suitable water flowing time study occurs
Xi Luo Du reservoir flood discharging tunnel has pressure section using circular cross section, II class surrounding rock: excavates radius 8.6m, lining thickness
1.05m；III 1 country rocks: radius 8.6m, lining thickness 1.0m are excavated；III 2 class surrounding rocks: radius 8.6m, lining thickness 1.0m are excavated；
IV class surrounding rock: radius 8.8m, lining thickness 1.2m are excavated.Without pressure section use gateway opening type section, surrounding rock category and have press section phase
Together, II, III 1, III 2, IV 4 class of country rock, wherein II class lining thickness 0.80m, III 1, III 2 class lining thickness 1.0m, IV class lining
Build thickness 1.5m.More than 200 a scheme FInite Element simulation calculations have been carried out altogether, since the factor having does not influence lining concrete
Tmax、△TmaxThere is age TmdWith △ TmdIt does not arrange and lists, it will be to TmdWith △ TmdInfluential 43 scheme achievements are listed in down
Table 3,1~27 is that flood discharging tunnel has pressure section；28~40 be flood discharging tunnel without pressure section；41~43 fall endpiece silicon powder concrete for dragon.In table
Strength grade of concrete is 90d design strength.
Flood discharging tunnel lining concrete T is crossed in 3 small stream Lip river of tablemax、△TmaxThere is age TmdWith △ Tmd
More than 200 emulation equally are carried out to white crane beach power station diversion tunnel, all kinds of lining concrete temperature control schemes of flood discharging tunnel
It calculates, it will be to TmdWith △ TmdInfluential 17 scheme achievements are listed in the table below 4,1~9 as diversion tunnel；10~17 be flood discharging tunnel.
Water conservancy project lining concrete T under 4 white crane beach of tablemax、△TmaxThere is age TmdWith △ Tmd
| Serial number | Thickness (m) | Strength grade | Tmd(d) | △Tmd(d) | Remarks |
| 1 | 2.5 | C30 | 5 | 6.25 | Abutment wall, summer |
| 2 | 2.5 | C40 | 4.5 | 5.75 | Bottom plate, summer |
| 3 | 6 | C30 | 8 | 10 | Mid-board, summer |
| 4 | 2.5 | C30 | 5 | 6.25 | Abutment wall, winter |
| 5 | 2.5 | C40 | 4.75 | 6 | Bottom plate, winter |
| 6 | 1.5 | C30 | 2.75 | 3.75 | Abutment wall, summer |
| 7 | 1.5 | C40 | 2.5 | 3.5 | Bottom plate, summer |
| 8 | 1.1 | C30 | 2.25 | 3.75 | Abutment wall, summer |
| 9 | 1.1 | C40 | 2 | 3.75 | Bottom plate, summer |
| 10 | 1.0 | C40 punching mill | 1.75 | 3.75 | Bottom plate, summer |
| 11 | 1.0 | C40 punching mill | 2 | 3.75 | Abutment wall, summer |
| 12 | 1.0 | C40 punching mill | 1.75 | 3.5 | Bottom plate, winter |
| 13 | 1.0 | C40 punching mill | 1.75 | 3.5 | Abutment wall, winter |
| 14 | 1.5 | C40 punching mill | 2.5 | 3.75 | Abutment wall, summer |
| 15 | 1.0 | C60 punching mill | 2.25 | 3.75 | Abutment wall, summer |
| 16 | 1.0 | C60 punching mill | 2.0 | 3.75 | Bottom plate, summer |
| 17 | 1.5 | C60 punching mill | 3 | 4.25 | Abutment wall, summer |
To T in a scheme of all kinds of lining concretes more than 200 of black East Germany power station flood discharging tunnel, power tunnelmdWith △ TmdHave an impact
28 scheme achievements be listed in the table below 5,1~19 for flood discharging tunnel gentle slope section；20~22 be flood discharging tunnel steep slope section；23~24 be flood discharge
There is pressure section in hole.25~26 have pressure section for power tunnel；27~28 be power tunnel without pressure section.
5 crow East Germany underground water conservancy project lining concrete T of tablemax、△TmaxThere is age TmdWith △ Tmd
| Serial number | Thickness (m) | Strength grade | Tmd(d) | △Tmd(d) | Remarks |
| 1 | 0.8 | C35 | 1.75 | 4 | Abutment wall, 18 DEG C pour, winter |
| 2 | 0.8 | C35 | 1.75 | 4 | Bottom plate, 18 DEG C pour, winter |
| 3 | 0.8 | C35 | 1.75 | 4 | Abutment wall, 16 DEG C pour, winter |
| 4 | 0.8 | C35 | 1.75 | 4 | Bottom plate, 16 DEG C pour, winter |
| 5 | 0.8 | C35 | 1.75 | 4 | 16 DEG C pour, winter, 12 DEG C of water flowings |
| 6 | 0.8 | C35 | 2.5 | 4.25 | Abutment wall, 18 DEG C pour, summer |
| 7 | 0.8 | C35 | 2.5 | 4.25 | Bottom plate, 18 DEG C pour, summer |
| 8 | 0.8 | C35 | 2.5 | 4.25 | 16 DEG C pour, summer |
| 9 | 0.8 | C35 | 2 | 4 | 18 DEG C pour, summer, 22 DEG C of water flowings |
| 10 | 0.8 | C35 | 2 | 4 | 18 DEG C pour, summer, 14 DEG C of water flowings |
| 11 | 0.8 | C35 | 2.5 | 4.25 | 18 DEG C pour, summer, Winter protection |
| 12 | 0.8 | C35 | 2.25 | 4 | 20 DEG C pour, summer |
| 13 | 0.8 | C35 | 2.25 | 4 | 20 DEG C pour, summer, Winter protection |
| 14 | 0.8 | C35 | 2.25 | 4 | 22 DEG C pour, summer, Winter protection |
| 15 | 1.0 | C35 | 2 | 4.25 | 18 DEG C pour, winter |
| 16 | 1.0 | C35 | 2 | 4.25 | 16 DEG C pour, winter, 12 DEG C of water flowings |
| 17 | 1.0 | C35 | 2.75 | 4.5 | 18 DEG C pour, summer |
| 18 | 1.0 | C35 | 2.5 | 4.25 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+22 DEG C of water flowings+winter heat preservation |
| 19 | 1.5 | C35 | 3.75 | 6 | 18 DEG C pour, summer |
| 20 | 0.8 | C40 | 1.75 | 4 | 18 DEG C pour, summer |
| 21 | 0.8 | C40 | 1.75 | 4 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+12 DEG C of water flowings, |
| 22 | 1.0 | C40 | 2 | 4.25 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+12 DEG C of water flowings, |
| 23 | 0.8 | C30 | 2 | 4.25 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+12 DEG C of water flowings |
| 24 | 1.0 | C30 | 2 | 4.25 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+12 DEG C of water flowings |
| 25 | 1.0 | C30 | 2.25 | 4.25 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+22 DEG C of water flowings |
| 26 | 1.5 | C30 | 3 | 5 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+22 DEG C of water flowings |
| 27 | 1.0 | C30 | 2.5 | 4.25 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+12 DEG C of water flowings |
| 28 | 1.5 | C30 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 18 DEG C of summer are poured+12 DEG C of water flowings |
According to the above table 1 to the cooling T of each engineering water flowing of table 5maxAge T occursmdWith △ TmaxAge △ T occursmdGrind
Study carefully, the influence of each factor is both less than 1d in addition to thickness, it can by △ TmdOn the basis of increase 1d or more time and push away
Recommend " is suitable for water flowing time Ts" and " it is recommended that water flowing time Tj".It is both that security control and construction technical staff are grasped.For
The influence of lining thickness, if " being suitable for water flowing time Ts" and " it is recommended that water flowing time Tj" further extend, it is also possible,
And it still can be in temperature controlled anticracking effective range.For this purpose, rearrange each thickness Lining Concrete of Diversion it is cooling related when
Between with recommended value be listed in the table below 6.
Each thickness Lining Concrete of Diversion of table 6 cooling related time and recommended value
Suggest the water flowing time according to upper table 6, approximate can be calculated with following formula and suggest the cooling age formula of water flowing:
Tj=2H+5 (formula 1).
The action and effect of invention
(1) present invention may apply to any liner structure (including different civil engineering types, different structure form, no
Stack pile, varying strength etc.) carry out the cooling age control of Lining Concrete of Diversion.
(2) present invention science realizes the cooling age control of Lining Concrete of Diversion.The cooling control age calculation formula of water flowing
1, the influence of lining thickness is directly reflected, contains different liner structures and its cross dimensions, concrete species, intensity indirectly
Grade pours season, placing temperature, water flowing cooling and its influence of water temperature and Insulation, and the cooling age control of water flowing exists
The optimal period avoids manual control error, reduces labor intensity, not only will not too long time water flowing cooling cause to waste, but also
It ensure that the cooling temperature control quality of water flowing.
(3) the method for the present invention science is scientific strong.Water flowing cooling age is rationally controlled, it is mixed to reduce lining cutting as far as possible
The solidifying internal maximum temperature of soil, while also reducing the interior table temperature difference, it is ensured that lining concrete temperature will not go up, and realizing most has
Effect ground temperature controlled anticracking.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is third stock market flood discharging tunnel crack situation map involved in background technique, wherein (a) is overall diagram, (b)
For partial enlarged view；
Fig. 2 is white crane beach power station flood discharging tunnel side wall lining concrete water flowing cooling water pipe involved in the embodiment of the present invention
Scene photo；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion involved in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the cooling situation of water flowing involved in the embodiment of the present invention related age and lining thickness relational graph；
Fig. 5 is white crane beach power station 2 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#Flat the 4th unit lining section of section on flood discharging tunnel
Structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is white crane beach power station 2 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#Temperature inside the 4th unit lining concrete of flood discharging tunnel
Spend measured curve figure；
Fig. 7 is white crane beach power station 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#Flat the 143rd unit lining cutting of section barrel on flood discharging tunnel
The structural schematic diagram of section；
Fig. 8 is white crane beach power station 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#Flat the 143rd unit coagulation of section barrel on flood discharging tunnel
Native thermometer layout drawing；
Fig. 9 is white crane beach power station 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#Flat the 143rd unit lining cutting of section barrel on flood discharging tunnel
Concrete temperature duration curve figure.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, with white crane beach power station 2 as shown in Figure 2#For 139 unit lining concrete of flood discharging tunnel,
The specific embodiment of the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion of the present invention is described in detail.
<white crane beach power station flood Discharge tunnel Project lining concrete temperature control data>
1. project profile
White crane beach power station is located at Jinsha jiang River downstream Ningnan County, Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province Qiaojia County is domestic, is that development of Yangtze River is controlled
The main projects of reason.Installed capacity of power station 14004MW, 602.41 hundred million kWh of Mean annual energy production are that the whole world the 2nd is big
Power station (is only second to Three Gorges).Multi-purpose project is by key constructions such as barrage, flood-discharge energy-dissipating building and generating system by piloting water
Composition.Barrage is concrete hyperboloid arched dam, maximum height of dam 289.0m.Release floodwatering facility includes 6 table holes of dam, 7 deep holes
With 3 flood-discharge tunnels of left bank.Underground chamber system uses stem development plan, is symmetrically arranged at left and right two sides, workshop
8 turbine-generator units of interior each installation.
Underground engineering includes diversion tunnel, flood discharging tunnel, power water passages etc..Diversion culvert engineering has been subjected to water running.3
Flood discharging tunnel is arranged in left bank, using without pressure flood discharging tunnel pattern, by water inlet (gate chamber), without pressure gentle slope section, dragon fall endpiece and
It exports defrlector bucket to form, 1#、2#Flood discharging tunnel dragon falls the anti-arc of tail and directly connects defrlector bucket, and 3#Hole is because orographic condition limits, anti-arc end
Terminate the lower flat section that one section of gradient is 8%, then exit defrlector bucket.
Flood discharging tunnel barrel section, which includes flood discharging tunnel, falls endpiece without pressure section and flood discharging tunnel dragon, be for city-gate section, according to
The features such as lining thickness is different with country rock are divided into tetra- kinds of basic lining styles of thickness of 1.0m, 1.2m, 1.5m, 2.5m.
2. Concrete Design allows maximum temperature and temperature control measures requirement
Flood discharging tunnel lining concrete, which allows to design maximum temperature, see the table below 7:
The 7 flood discharging tunnel lining cutting low-heat concrete construction time of table allows maximum temperature unit: DEG C
Temperature control is carried out to concrete in the overall process for pouring and conserving, avoids concrete cracking, adoptable measure
Including but not limited to:
(1) optimised coagulation soil match ratio, raising concrete capacity against cracking.Mix Design and concrete construction
When, in addition to meeting the major designs index such as concrete grade and freeze proof, impervious, limit stretch value value, it is homogeneous should also to meet construction
Property index and the strength factor of assurance.It should reinforce construction management simultaneously, improve construction technology, improve concrete performance, improve concrete
Anti-crack ability.
(2) reasonable arrangement concrete construction program and construction speed.Answer reasonable arrangement concrete construction program and construct into
Degree, and make great efforts to improve construction management level.
(3) inside concrete maximum temperature is controlled.Its effective measures includes reducing temperature of concrete during construction, reducing gelling material
Expect heat of hydration temperature rise, initial stage water flowing etc..Lining concrete placing temperature is controlled, 4~September is 20 DEG C；October~March next year is 18
℃.Transport concrete tool should have thermal insulation, sun-shade measure, shorten concrete and be exposed to the sun the time, reduce in concrete transportation casting process
Temperature recovery.High temperature period casting concrete is avoided as far as possible, and low temperature season and morning and evening and nighttime temperature should be made full use of low
Period pours.When each position concreting, if the temperature of concrete during construction to have put in storage is not able to satisfy related when requiring, Ying Li
It notifies supervisor, is handled according to supervisor's instruction, and adopt an effective measure control temperature of concrete during construction immediately.
3. cooling water pipe is embedded
(1) flood discharging tunnel runner lining concrete needs embedded cooling water pipe to carry out water flowing cooling.Cooling water pipe is horizontally embedded,
Along one row of lining cutting horizontal layout, spacing is 1.0~1.5m.
(2) concrete cooling water pipe can be used high density polyethylene (HDPE) cooling water pipe, straight outside high density polyethylene (HDPE) cooling water pipe
DiameterWall thickness 2mm, index see the table below 8.
8 high density polyethylene (HDPE) cooling water pipe index of table
(3) concrete storehouse surface cooling water pipe arrangement should by supervisor ratify contractor design drawing shown in or supervisor
Instruction carry out, the arrangement of water supply Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches pipe, connection and heat preservation are determined by contractor according to building site situation, but must be through supervisor
Approval.The equilibrium temperature of concrete, concrete cooling speed, cooling program and temperature monitoring method should all be by this technology clauses
Pertinent regulations or supervisor indicate to carry out.
(4) grease stain on cooling water pipe surface etc. should be removed completely.The joint length of circulating cooling water pipe generally no more than
250m.Pre-buried cooling water pipe is not across shrinkage joint.
(5) all pipelines are tensed or are supported with metalwork and fixed in the way of supervisor's approval.All connectors of water pipe
There should be watertightness, be cleaned up in the case where there is supervisor in field, and be tested with the hydrostatic pressure of 0.35MPa, water pipe buries
If preceding connector at this pressure is answered water-tight.
(6) the recirculated water inspection not less than 0.2MPa pressure should be passed to before concreting, in cooling water pipe.Using pressure
Power table and flowmeter indicate the resistance situation in pipe simultaneously.Water pipe should carefully be protected, to prevent in concreting or
Make cooling water pipe displacement or broken ring in other work after concreting and in pipe testing.Stretch out the tube head of concrete
The method etc. that covering should be capped is protected.
(7) being coupled between each cooling water pipe should be effective at any time, and energy Fast Installation and dismounting, is reliably capable simultaneously
Control recirculated water of the water flow of certain water pipe without influencing other cooling water pipes.Should all performing into and out of end for all water pipes is clear
Label to guarantee in entire cooling procedure that cooling water energy flows in the right direction.The arrangement of general pipeline should make the position of tube head easy
The water (flow) direction in exchange cooling water pipe.The direction of cooling water flow is primary per exchanging for 24 hours.Contractor should keep clerking, and
Every circumferential direction supervisor reports following record: the flow and temperature of hydraulic pressure, every disk cooling water pipe water inlet end and water outlet water flow.
(8) pipeline should have special messenger's maintenance in concreting process, in case pipeline is deformed or is blocked.It is being embedded to
After concrete 30cm~60cm, Ying Tongshui (gas) is checked, is found the problem, should be handled in time.Cooling water pipe is in concreting
Cheng Zhongruo by any destruction, should stop immediately pouring concrete can continue after cooling water pipe reparation and by test into
Row.
4. water flowing cooling technology requires
Water flowing coolant water temperature: generally logical 18 DEG C of chilled waters or cleaning river (river water temperature is no more than 22 DEG C), coagulation soil temperature
The temperature difference is no more than 25 DEG C between degree and cooling water, and concrete day, cooling extent was not to be exceeded 2 DEG C when cooling, and water (flow) direction should be daily
Change once, cools down concret block uniformly.Design water flowing lasts 7~20 days.
5. temperature measures
(1) resistance thermometer or thermocouple that Ying Caiyong is embedded in concrete carry out the temperature measurement work of concrete
Make.In construction time, every 10 pour storehouse and select a storehouse, and each building monthly at least selects 1 and pours the storehouse burial and construction phase
Thermometer each pours and buries 1~3 thermometer in storehouse, adds thermo detector when necessary.
(2) it should record and a temperature measurement report is submitted to report and submit supervisor weekly, content is except including but not limited to: mixed
Solidifying soil placing temperature, concrete internal temperature, the cooling water flow of every cooling water pipe, flow direction, pressure, inlet temperature, outlet
Other measurement indexes that temperature and supervisor require.
(3) in concrete construction, should at least every 4h measure 1 machine outlet concrete temperature, placement temperature, pour
Temperature and the temperature for pouring building body cooling water, and keep a record.
(4) measurement of temperature of concrete during construction, every 100m2Storehouse surface area should be no less than 1 measuring point, and every 1 pouring layer should not
Less than 3 measuring points.Measuring point should be evenly distributed on lift joint.
(5) after the installation is completed, contractor should be corrected equipment by the method that supervisor ratifies, observe, simultaneously thermometer
The initial reading of register instrument equipment in the operating condition.After thermometer is embedded for 24 hours within, survey 1 time every 4h, see daily later
It surveys 3 times, until concrete reaches maximum temperature.Observation 1 time daily later, continues a ten days.Observation 1 in every two days backward again
It is secondary, continue January, remaining period is monthly observed once.
<embodiment one>2#The cooling age control of the 4th unit Lining Concrete of Diversion of flood discharging tunnel
As shown in figure 5,2#Flat the 4th unit liner structure of section is on flood discharging tunnel with a thickness of 2.5m.For C9040 low-heat concrete.
Side wall lining concrete will be poured on May 12nd, 2017, as example.
As shown in figure 3, the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion provided in this embodiment includes including in following
Hold:
Step 1. analyzes lining concrete temperature control data, determines the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing:
Step 1-1. finishing analysis liner structure engineering basic document.2#Flat the 4th unit liner structure base of section on flood discharging tunnel
This data, including temperature controlled anticracking and its water flowing cooling, technical requirement on design etc. are as described above.Due to white crane beach power station flood discharging tunnel
For 1 grade of building, water velocity is up to nearly 50m/s, and lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking is extremely important.Foundation design requirement,
It needs to adopt an effective measure including the cooling progress temperature control of water flowing.
Step 1-2. analyzes lining concrete temperature control technical requirement on design.Including Concrete Temperature Control, allow maximum temperature, temperature
Control the technical requirements of crack control measures etc..According to the above white crane beach Hydropower Project data, 2#Flat section the 4th is single on flood discharging tunnel
First lining concrete needs to control placing temperature, takes water flowing cooling provision.It will pour within 12nd May, be wanted according to the design of table 7
It asks, the permission maximum temperature of 2.5m thickness lining concrete is 42 DEG C.
Step 1-3. determines the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing.According to above-mentioned basic document, water flowing cooling water pipe arrangement, along abutment wall
Axis (lining cutting plane) spacing is that 1.5m arranges single layer water pipe (see Fig. 2)；Water flowing, which cools down, uses river, and 18 DEG C of water temperature；Water flowing stream
Amount is according to 48m3/ d control.It can realize that flow adjusts control by the water cooling switching mechanism being connected with water flowing cooling water pipe.
Step 2. calculates the cooling control age T of water flowingj:
It is calculated by formula 1, H=2.5m, Tj=2H+5=10 (day).
Step 3. is according to the cooling control age T of water flowingjIs controlled to lining concrete, and finishing analysis serves as a contrast water flowing cooling time
Build the cooling Control data of structural concrete internal temperature water flowing:
2#Flat the 4th unit liner structure concrete of section was poured on May 12nd, 2017 on flood discharging tunnel, was taken in construction
Water flowing cooling provision, and water flowing cooling is carried out according to above-mentioned temperature control scheme and water flowing 10d cooling time.
According to construction note, arranging main actual measurement temperature control data be see the table below shown in 9, and actual measurement lining concrete internal temperature is bent
Line is shown in Fig. 6 solid line.In order to analyze and confirm that formula 1 calculates science of the water flowing cooling age for the cooling control of water flowing, together
Shi Caiyong FInite Element carries out the simulation calculation of the cooling 7d of water flowing, and concrete internal temperature curve is as shown in Fig. 6 dotted line.
Table 92#4th unit lining concrete pours measured data
The above achievement shows:
(1) 18 DEG C of water flowing coolant water temperature, the difference with 41.87 DEG C of inside concrete maximum temperature is 23.87 DEG C, less than 25
DEG C, meet technical requirement on design；
(2) water flowing cooling flow 48m3/d, meets design requirement；
(3) 41.87 DEG C of maximum temperature inside lining concrete, it is less than 42 DEG C of permissible value of design, meets technical requirement on design
Realize temperature control target；
(4) lining concrete temperature drop speed is reduced to 34.7 DEG C from 41.87 DEG C of 3.5d to 9d, average temperature drop speed 1.3
DEG C/d meets the requirements less than 2.0 DEG C/d；
(5) lining concrete internal temperature does not have temperature recovery after temperature drop, and even if water flowing cools down 7d (finite element
Method simulation calculation achievement shows) it there will not be temperature recovery；
(6) show 2 in March, 2019 observation#Flat the 4th unit liner structure concrete of section does not have any split on flood discharging tunnel
Seam occurs, and temperature controlled anticracking obtains good effect.
Further with FInite Element simulation calculation comparison of results, the concrete internal temperature curve goodness of fit it is very high (only by
It is influenced in by adiabatic temperature rise and environment temperature value, there is the lesser temperature difference).Since practical water flowing cooling age is (using public
1 calculated value of formula) long 3d, concrete internal temperature has further decline, but temperature drop speed is not above design requirement.FInite Element
Simulation calculation, the cooling age short 3d of water flowing, concrete internal temperature is also without rise phenomenon, and maximum temperature and temperature drop speed
Also it is effectively controlled.But more greatly due to the cooling 7d of temperature drop Amplitude Ratio water flowing of the cooling 10d situation early stage (7d~10d) of water flowing,
The temperature drop amplitude in later period (winter) reduces maximum tension stress and reduces, and is slightly conducive to winter anticracking.Comparative descriptions, according to formula 1
The cooling age control of time progress water flowing is calculated, maximum temperature and temperature drop speed obtain good control effect；It can obtain slightly
Micro- better temperature controlled anticracking effect；The cooling age control of time progress water flowing is calculated according to formula, is scientific, reasonable.
In addition, in the above process, step 2 can be executed using control processor, further use control processor control
Water cooling switching mechanism processed executes step 3.
<embodiment two>1#The cooling age control of flat the 143rd unit Lining Concrete of Diversion of section on flood discharging tunnel
1#Flat section barrel Unit the 143rd, gateway opening shape lining cutting, side wall lining thickness 1.0m, along flood discharging tunnel axis on flood discharging tunnel
Circumferential construction parting is arranged every 12m in line direction, and III class surrounding rock, the bottom plate and abutment wall of liner structure are C9040 low-heat cement coagulations
Soil, crown C9030 low-heat cement concrete, as shown in Figure 7.Temperature control basic document is same as above.Design temperature of concrete during construction 18
DEG C, using tap water at normal temperature moisture-keeping maintaining 90d, the cooling control concrete internal temperature of water flowing.
As shown in figure 3, the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion provided in this embodiment includes including in following
Hold:
Step 1. analyzes lining concrete temperature control data, determines the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing
Step 1-1. finishing analysis liner structure engineering basic document.1#Flat the 143rd unit lining cutting of section barrel on flood discharging tunnel
Structure basic document, including temperature controlled anticracking and its water flowing cooling, technical requirement on design etc. are as described above.Due to white crane beach power station
Flood discharging tunnel is 1 grade of building, and water velocity is up to nearly 50m/s, and lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking is extremely important.According to design
It is required that needing to adopt an effective measure including the cooling progress temperature control of water flowing.
Step 1-2. analyzes lining concrete temperature control technical requirement on design.According to the above white crane beach Hydropower Project data,
1#Flat the 143rd unit lining concrete of section barrel, needs to control placing temperature, takes water flowing cooling provision on flood discharging tunnel.It will be in 5
The moon pours on the 11st, and according to the design requirement of the above table 7, the permission maximum temperature of 1.0m thickness lining concrete is 38 DEG C.
Step 1-3. determines the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing.According to above-mentioned basic document, water flowing cooling water pipe arrangement, along abutment wall
Axis direction (lining cutting plane) spacing is that 1.5m arranges single layer water pipe (see Fig. 2)；Water flowing, which cools down, uses river, and 16 DEG C of water temperature；It is logical
Water flow is according to 48m3/ d control.
Step 2. calculates the cooling control age T of water flowingj
It is calculated by formula 1, H=1.0m, Tj=2H+5=7 (day).
Step 3. is according to the cooling control age T of water flowingjIs controlled to lining concrete, and finishing analysis serves as a contrast water flowing cooling time
Build the cooling Control data of structural concrete internal temperature water flowing:
1#Flat section barrel Unit the 143rd on flood discharging tunnel, water flowing cooling water pipe arrangement are shown in Fig. 2.It is counted to compare according to formula 1
Calculation value controls the cooling effect of water flowing, for 143 unit lining concretes, left side abutment wall according to 1 calculated value 7d age of formula into
Row water flowing is cooling, and it is cooling that right side abutment wall takes 10d age to carry out water flowing.2 are respectively installed in the left and right abutment wall of 143 unit lining cutting
Thermometer is all mounted in structure centre, and 1 offset distance surface 10cm, 1 1/2 thickness (away from surface 50cm).Wherein, 1 offset distance table
Face 10cm is fixed in the reinforcing bar of surface with adhesive tape and is surveyed；1 at 1/2 thickness (away from surface 50cm) center, by setting up steel along thickness
Muscle is fixed with adhesive tape, sees Fig. 8.Water flowing cooling water pipe and 4 thermometers and its cable are all pacified in the morning on May 10th, 2019
Dress is in place.Lining concrete pours the period: 2019.5.11 (21:45) -2019.5.13 (3:15).Unit in charge of construction's overall process is to mixed
Environment temperature, concrete warehousing temperature and placing temperature when solidifying soil pours are monitored, and are as a result listed in the table below 10.Environment gas
Warm average value is 22.0 DEG C, and concrete warehousing temperature averages are 18.28 DEG C.Water flowing it is cooling using normal-temperature water (May water temperature about
21℃)。
10 white crane beach power station 1 of table#Flat the 143rd cell temperature statistical form of section barrel on flood discharging tunnel
Casting concrete floods left side thermometer when the May in 2019 of 15:51 on the 12nd, and when May in 2019 of 16:19 on the 12nd floods
Right side thermometer, carries out temperature measurement while flooding thermometer and water flowing is cooling.As shown in figure 9,1#Flat section on flood discharging tunnel
Temperature when the 143rd unit concrete of barrel covers, left inside (at the 50cm of center) temperature are calculated as 18.62 DEG C, last 62 hours up to most
31.89 DEG C of high-temperature, 13.27 DEG C of maximum temperature rise；Left outside (at the 10cm of surface) temperature is calculated as 17.43 DEG C, lasts 62 hours up to most
32.97 DEG C of high-temperature, 15.54 DEG C of maximum temperature rise；Temperature is calculated as 18.76 DEG C in the right side, lasts 62 hours up to maximum temperature 32.11
DEG C, 13.35 DEG C of maximum temperature rise；Right outer temperature is calculated as 18.31 DEG C, lasts 61.5 hours and reaches 34.53 DEG C of maximum temperature, maximum temperature rise
16.22℃。
Left side abutment wall stops water flowing cooling, common water cooling 7d when the May in 2019 of 15:51 on the 19th；Right side abutment wall, in
It is cooling to stop water flowing when the May in 2019 of 15:51 on the 22nd, the cooling 10d of common water.
The above achievement shows:
(1) survey 31.89 DEG C~34.53 DEG C of inside concrete maximum temperature, much smaller than allow design 38 DEG C of maximum temperature,
Inside concrete maximum temperature is effectively controlled；
(2) placement temperature is 18.28 DEG C average, 17.43 DEG C of minimum value, substantially meets less than 18 DEG C technical requirement on design；
(3) 21 DEG C of water flowing coolant water temperature, the difference with 34.53 DEG C of inside concrete maximum temperature is 13.53 DEG C, less than 25
DEG C, meet technical requirement on design；
(4) white crane beach power station 1#Flat the 143rd unit lining concrete of section barrel on flood discharging tunnel, there is no any so far
Crack obtains temperature controlled anticracking remarkable result.
(5) more left and right abutment wall temperature control inspection result is taken 1 calculated value 7d of invention formula control water flowing cooling age, left
31.89 DEG C of side wall concrete maximum temperature, 32.97 DEG C, take 10d age to control the cooling right side abutment wall of water flowing, and lining cutting is mixed
Solidifying soil 32.11 DEG C of maximum temperature, 34.53 DEG C, left side side wall concrete maximum temperature are lower.The left and right abutment wall of temperature drop rate is suitable,
Left side side wall concrete corresponding site (center, surface) temperature is more slightly lower always, does not all have temperature recovery phenomenon.Therefore, it takes
1 calculated value 7d of invention formula controls water flowing cooling age, and acquirement is not weaker than the cooling situation of 10d water flowing, even more excellent.
Above embodiments the result shows that, the method for the present invention can be adapted for any liner structure (including different building works
Journey type, different structure form, different-thickness, varying strength etc.) carry out the cooling age temperature control of Lining Concrete of Diversion.This
Inventive method science, the cooling control age calculation formula 1 of water flowing, directly reflects the influence of lining thickness, contains indirectly not
With liner structure and its cross dimensions, concrete species, strength grade, pour season, placing temperature, water flowing cooling and its water
The influence of temperature and Insulation, the cooling age control of water flowing avoid manual control error, reduce labor in the optimal period
Fatigue resistance, both will not too long time water flowing cooling cause to waste, in turn ensure the cooling temperature control quality of water flowing.The method of the present invention can
Effectively realize the cooling age temperature control of Lining Concrete of Diversion.Water flowing cooling age is rationally controlled, is reduced as far as possible
Maximum temperature inside lining concrete, while also reducing the interior table temperature difference, it is ensured that lining concrete temperature will not go up, and realize
Most effective reduction temperature stress and realize anticracking target.
Above-described embodiment is only the illustration done to technical solution of the present invention.Lining cutting coagulation according to the present invention
The cooling age control method of native water flowing is not merely defined in described content in the embodiment above, but with claim
Subject to limited range.Any modify or supplement that those skilled in the art of the invention are done on the basis of the embodiment
Or equivalence replacement, all in claim range claimed of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1. collects lining concrete temperature control data；
Step 2. is based on the cooling control age T of lining concrete temperature control material computation water flowing being collected intoj:
Tj=2H+5,
In formula: H is lining concrete structural thickness；
Step 3. is according to the cooling control age T of water flowingjWater flowing cooling time is controlled to lining concrete.
2. the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, step 1 includes:
Step 1-1. finishing analysis liner structure engineering basic document, comprising: collect and lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking and its logical
The cooling related design of water, construction, supervision documents, especially technical requirement on design；
Step 1-2. analyzes lining concrete temperature control technical requirement on design, comprising: Concrete Temperature Control allows maximum temperature, temperature control
Technical requirements in terms of crack control measures；
Content of the step 1-3. based on step 1-1 and 1-2 drafts the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing, comprising: water flowing cooling water pipe cloth
It sets, water flowing coolant water temperature and flow control.
3. the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, step 1 further include: step 1-4. implements the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing.
4. the cooling age control method of Lining Concrete of Diversion according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, step 2 is executed using control processor, step is further executed using control processor control water cooling switching mechanism
3。
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| CN113158299B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-12-23 | 清远市水利水电工程监理有限公司 | Water cooling temperature control method for optimal water temperature difference of lining concrete with different thicknesses |
| CN113157017B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-04-29 | 武昌理工学院 | Water cooling temperature control method for optimal water temperature difference of lining concrete with different strengths |
| CN112947620A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-11 | 武昌理工学院 | Water cooling optimization control method for lining concrete with different thicknesses |
| CN112987813B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-02-01 | 武昌理工学院 | Water cooling optimization control method for lining concrete with different strengths |
| CN113191038B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-04-26 | 武昌理工学院 | Lining concrete temperature reduction rate optimization control method and system |
| CN113191038A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-30 | 武昌理工学院 | Lining concrete temperature reduction rate optimization control method and system |
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| CN113435710B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-08-05 | 武昌理工学院 | Real-time quality control method for lining low-heat concrete with circular cross section and different strengths |
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