CN110409387A - Liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature controls method - Google Patents
Liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature controls method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110409387A CN110409387A CN201910541481.XA CN201910541481A CN110409387A CN 110409387 A CN110409387 A CN 110409387A CN 201910541481 A CN201910541481 A CN 201910541481A CN 110409387 A CN110409387 A CN 110409387A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The present invention provides liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature and controls method, comprising: step 1. collects lining concrete temperature control data；Step 2. is based on the cooling control water temperature of lining concrete temperature control material computation water flowing being collected into, comprising: step 2-1. is calculated the permission temperature difference [the Δ T between lining concrete and cooling water by formula 1cw]=2H+0.6C；Step 2-2. calculates water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,min=Tmax‑【ΔTcw]；Step 2-3. determines the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw: according to construction site can by water temperature condition, in conjunction with calculate water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,minIt is required that meeting Tw≥Tw,minUnder the premise of, determine the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw；Step 3. is according to the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingwIt is cooling that water flowing carried out to liner structure concrete, realizes temperature controlled anticracking, pipe week is avoided and temperature drop is too fast leads to internal fissure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to liner structure Concrete Temperature Control crack prevention technique fields, and in particular to a kind of liner structure concrete is logical
Water cools down temperature control method of water.
Background technique
Lining cutting is a kind of structure that civil engineering is widely used.The heat of hydration of the lining concrete due to cementitious materials such as cement
Effect can heat up and generate very high internal temperature, as in shiplock area of Three Gorses Project inside conveyance tunnel lining concrete most
High-temperature reaches nearly 60 DEG C, and maximum temperature reaches more than 70 DEG C inside Chamber in Xiaolangdi Hydropower Stations conveyance tunnel lining concrete.Liner structure
Thickness it is small, most intensity is high (such as large hydropower station flood discharging tunnel intensity reaches C50, C60), and internal temperature is high, and temperature drop amplitude is big,
Temperature rise temperature drop speed is fast, by the thin-walled lining cutting of the extremely strong constraint such as country rock and supporting construction, is easy to happen temperature in the construction time and splits
Seam, and being through property endangers crack mostly.As shown in Figure 1, fracture unit seriously affects progress duration and the cost of engineering,
Fail to repair perfect crosscutting concern (being generally all difficult to reach former xoncrete structure performance) and seriously affects the resistance to of liner structure
Long property and service life even result in leakage and threaten engineering safety.The leak (east depth water supply wild goose field tunnel) of spray regime is also direct
Endanger the health and comfort level of people.
It is cooling that cooling water pipe water flowing is buried in concrete, and maximum temperature and interior can be effectively reduced inside structural concrete
The outer temperature difference is a kind of extremely effective temperature controlled anticracking working measure, in the construction of all kinds of civil construction mass concrete engineerings
It is widely used.Water flowing cooling provision is taken in underground water conservancy project lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking, most earlier than 1999 in research three
It is proposed in the conveyance tunnel lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking of gorge Shiplock underground, in middle dividing pier conveyance tunnel lining concrete temperature-control construction
Middle use obtains certain effect.Later, there is pressure section lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking construction in Right Bank Underground Power Station of TGP power tunnel
In use comprehensively.In particular, in the Hydropower Station Undergrounds engineering Concrete Temperature Control anti-crack constructions such as Xi Luodu, white crane beach, black East Germany
It uses comprehensively.
It is existing cooling for the control of underground excavation engineering lining concrete temperature and water flowing general all scarce in relation to design specification
Weary define provides that it is all to refer to dam that the water flowing of underground chamber lining concrete is cooling in water conservancy and hydropower multi-purpose project with specific
The cooling method of mass concrete water flowing.
Water flowing is cooling generally to divide for 3 phases used in dam work Concrete Temperature Control: initial stage, it is therefore an objective to control maximum temperature, to the greatest extent may be used
Maximum temperature can be reduced, also just uses water at low temperature and big flow as far as possible；Mid-term, it is therefore an objective to control internal-external temperature difference, water temperature is preferably fitted
When；Later period, it is therefore an objective to which dam body is down to the temperature drop amplitude of equilibrium temperature after control-joint grouting.Which but either phase, require
The temperature difference and temperature drop speed and each phase water flowing time between control dam concrete and cooling water.Dam concrete and cooling
The temperature difference between water, each Authority Contro1 value is almost the same, is 20 DEG C~25 DEG C.Temperature drop speed, each Authority Contro1 value have larger difference
Not, work specification in dam is 1.0 DEG C/day；Concrete construction specification provides that initial stage is 1.0 DEG C/day, and mid-term is 0.5 DEG C/day.It is logical
The water time does not have specified in more detail in dam work specification；Concrete construction specification regulation, initial stage cooling desirable 10~20d, mid-term
Cooling water flowing is preferably 1~2 month or so.In addition, concrete construction specification is it further provides that the flow velocity of water is suitable in initial stage water service pipe
For 0.6~0.7m/s, water (flow) direction should be per exchange 1 time for 24 hours.
Temperature difference control between concrete and cooling water, be in order to which internal maximum temperature can either be effectively reduced, and can
It is unlikely to that temperature drop is too fast to lead to distress in concrete or pipe week distress in concrete.But the intensity difference of lining concrete it is big (C20~
C60), the ability for being able to bear this temperature difference also differs greatly, and above-mentioned 20 DEG C~25 DEG C permissible value ranges is taken to be not enough to reflect
So big intensity difference.It is therefore desirable to restudy the permission temperature difference between lining concrete and cooling water.
In summary situation illustrates, currently used liner structure concrete internal temperature controls water flowing cooling means,
Water flowing coolant water temperature control (the permission temperature difference between concrete and cooling water) science it is poor, without theory support, obviously not
Rationally, controlling concrete temperature crevice ensures poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to carry out to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of liner structure concrete water flowing is cold
But temperature control method of water, science realize liner structure inside concrete water flowing cooling temperature Crack Control.
The present invention to achieve the goals above, uses following scheme:
As shown in figure 3, the present invention provides a kind of liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature control method, feature exists
In, comprising the following steps:
Step 1. collects lining concrete temperature control data；
Step 2. is based on the cooling control water temperature of lining concrete temperature control material computation water flowing being collected into, comprising:
Step 2-1. is calculated the permission temperature difference [the Δ T between lining concrete and cooling water by formula 1cw】
【ΔTcw]=2H+0.6C (formula 1),
In formula: H is lining concrete structural thickness (m), and C is the strength grade (MPa) of lining concrete；
Step 2-2. calculates water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,min
Tw,min=Tmax-【ΔTcw] (formula 2),
In formula: TmaxFor lining concrete inside maximum temperature (DEG C)；
Step 2-3. determines the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw
According to construction site can by water temperature condition, in conjunction with calculate water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,minIt is required that In
Meet Tw≥Tw,minUnder the premise of, determine the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw；In Practical Project, tap water at normal temperature is usually used,
Water temperature TcBy naturally determining, if the water temperature TcSatisfaction >=Tw,min, then can be directly used, i.e. Tw=Tc。
Step 3. is according to the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingwWater flowing cooling is carried out to liner structure concrete, realizes that temperature control is anti-
It splits.
Preferably, liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature provided by the invention controls method, can also have following
Feature: step 1 includes: step 1-1. finishing analysis liner structure engineering basic document, comprising: is collected and lining concrete temperature control
Anticracking and its cooling related design of water flowing, construction, supervision documents；Step 1-2. analysis lining concrete temperature control designing technique is wanted
It asks, comprising: the technical requirements in terms of Concrete Temperature Control, permission maximum temperature, temperature controlled anticracking measure.
Further, liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature provided by the invention controls method, can also have following
Feature: step 1 further include: in step 2-3, Tw=Tw,min+ 1~5 DEG C.Since the water temperature of tap water at normal temperature is generally all higher,
It can usually meet the requirements, so usually engineering is to carry out water flowing cooling using normal-temperature water.Also just because of the water temperature of normal-temperature water
General higher, the cooling effect of water flowing will be poor.Some engineerings (Ru Xiluo crosses flood discharging tunnel) are cold in order to further increase water flowing
But the effect for reducing concrete internal temperature carries out water flowing cooling using special water refrigeration system, at this moment needs to control water temperature
Cannot be too low, preferably water temperature is controlled in Tw=Tw,minIn the range of+1~5 DEG C.
Preferably, liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature provided by the invention controls method, can also have following
Feature: reducing water temperature in the temperature rise stage as far as possible, to reduce maximum temperature inside lining concrete；In the temperature drop stage according to full
The water temperature T that sufficient step 2-3 is requiredw, it is cooling to carry out water flowing, controls temperature drop speed, avoids pipe week and temperature drop is too fast that inside is caused to be split
Seam.
It is in conjunction with Xi Luodu, white in addition, the calculation formula 1 of the permission temperature difference between above-mentioned lining concrete and cooling water
The different structures thickness such as 3 Huge Power Station engineering flood discharging tunnels of He Tan, Wu Dongde and power tunnel, (two main for varying strength
Parameter) for lining concrete, using three-dimensional finite element method simulation calculation, obtain the control pair of Lining Concrete of Diversion coolant water temperature
Temperature, temperature stress, thermal cracking affecting laws pass through creative research not cause factor of safety against cracking to be reduced to principle
It obtains, comprises the following processes.
1, different-thickness Lining Concrete of Diversion is cooling allows water temperature difference [Δ Tcw] research
The control of water flowing coolant water temperature, first is that the temperature gradient of control water pipe surrounding concrete, avoids excessive temperature gradient
Lead to pipe week distress in concrete；Second is that control temperature drop speed, avoiding temperature drop excessive velocities from generating super-strength tensile stress causes to mix
Solidifying soil cracking seam.Due to temperature rise stage, concrete expansion, target is to reduce concrete maximum temperature, and reduction amplitude is the bigger the better, institute
Want low with initial stage water temperature.Temperature drop stage, the too low temperature drop excessive velocities that both will lead to of water temperature also result in pipe week concrete temperature ladder
It spends greatly, so water temperature must be controlled.Calculation shows that although inside concrete maximum temperature can be reduced using low water temperature always
The most imperial palace table temperature difference, but the too low meeting of water temperature causes so that concrete temperature drop is too fast, leads to water pipe and neighbouring concrete excessive temperature differentials
Significantly increase inside concrete in water flowing phase tensile stress, factor of safety against cracking declines instead.Therefore, with C9025 normal concretes
For, carry out the control research of different-thickness Lining Concrete of Diversion coolant water temperature.Its scheme first is that, the temperature rise stage use low temperature
Water (8 DEG C), the temperature drop stage is using 22 DEG C of normal-temperature waters (control water temperature, that is, control the difference of concrete maximum temperature and water temperature)；Scheme
Second is that overall process uses water at low temperature (constant 8 DEG C).By comparing, it is cooling fair to research and propose different-thickness Lining Concrete of Diversion
Perhaps water temperature difference [Δ Tcw].Each lining cutting intermediate point stress under two kinds of water flowing schemes is arranged to be listed in minimum factor of safety against cracking characteristic value
The following table 1；Different-thickness lining cutting water flowing cooling (temperature drop stage) allows water temperature difference [Δ Tcw] it is listed in the table below 2.
Each lining cutting intermediate point stress and minimum factor of safety against cracking characteristic value under 1 two kinds of water flowing schemes of table
2 different-thickness lining cutting water flowing of table cooling (temperature drop stage) allows water temperature difference [Δ Tcw】
The result shows that: no matter which lining thickness, and constant low water temperature water flowing project plan comparison, using segmentation water flowing scheme
Afterwards, the maximum tension stress of curing period has more apparent decline, and factor of safety against cracking significantly improves.Therefore, scientific method is:
In the temperature rise stage, water temperature as lower as possible reduces maximum temperature；In the temperature drop stage, water temperature is controlled, so that temperature drop speed is controlled,
It avoids pipe week and temperature drop is too fast leads to internal fissure.
According to upper 2 C of table9025 normal concretes decline process in concrete internal temperature, control water temperature difference Δ Tcw=
17 DEG C~19 DEG C.
2, varying strength Lining Concrete of Diversion is cooling allows water temperature difference [Δ Tcw] research
(1)C90Hot Lining Concrete of Diversion is cooling in 30 allows water temperature difference [Δ Tcw] research
To C9030 concrete, carrying out lining thickness respectively is tri- kinds of situations of 1.0m, 1.5m, 2.0m, and constant water is mildly segmented
The simulation calculation of water flowing scheme arranges temperature field, Stress field features value is compared analysis.Wherein: 1.0m thickness C9030 coagulations
The temperature of the constant water temperature of soil and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum factor of safety against cracking are listed in the table below 3；1.5m thickness C9030 is mixed
The temperature, temperature stress, minimum factor of safety against cracking of the solidifying constant water temperature of soil and segmentation water temperature are listed in the table below 4；2.0m thickness C9030
The temperature of the constant water temperature of concrete and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum factor of safety against cracking are listed in the table below 5.
3 1.0m thickness C of table90The temperature of the constant water temperature of 30 concrete and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum cracking resistance safety
Coefficient
4 1.5m thickness C of table90The temperature of the constant water temperature of 30 concrete and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum cracking resistance safety
Coefficient
5 2.0m thickness C of table90The temperature of the constant water temperature of 30 concrete and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum cracking resistance safety
Coefficient
According to the above calculating achievement, C is arranged9030 lining concretes, which are segmented water temperature and concrete temperature drop stage, allows water temperature difference
It is listed in the table below 6.
6 C of table9030 lining concretes, which are segmented water temperature and concrete temperature drop stage, allows water temperature difference
C9030 lining concretes, Tcw=20 DEG C of temperature difference of 1.0m thickness concrete water；1.5m and 2.0m thickness concrete water
Tcw=23 DEG C of temperature difference, 25 DEG C.Compare C9025 lining concretes are significantly improved, and big also higher of thickness.
(2)C90Hot Lining Concrete of Diversion is cooling in 40 allows water temperature difference [Δ Tcw] research
Equally to C9040 concrete, carrying out lining thickness respectively is tri- kinds of situations of 1.0m, 1.5m, 2.0m, and constant water is mild
It is segmented the simulation calculation of water flowing scheme, arranges temperature field, Stress field features value is compared analysis.Wherein: 1.0m, 1.5m,
2.0m thickness C90The temperature of the constant water temperature of 40 concrete and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum factor of safety against cracking are listed in the table below 7
To table 9.
7 1.0m thickness C of table90The temperature of the constant water temperature of 40 concrete and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum cracking resistance safety
Coefficient
8 1.5m thickness C of table90The temperature of the constant water temperature of 40 concrete and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum cracking resistance safety
Coefficient
9 2.0m thickness C of table90The temperature of the constant water temperature of 40 concrete and segmentation water temperature, temperature stress, minimum cracking resistance safety
Coefficient
According to the above calculating achievement, C is arranged9040 lining concretes, which are segmented water temperature and concrete temperature drop stage, allows water temperature difference
It is listed in the table below 10.
10 C of table9040 lining concretes, which are segmented water temperature and concrete temperature drop stage, allows water temperature difference
C9040 lining concretes, 1.0m thickness concrete water temperature difference Tcw=28 DEG C；1.5m and 2.0m thickness concrete water
Temperature difference Tcw=29 DEG C.It is bigger than dam concrete controlling value.So control water temperature is related with concrete strength, and thickness is taken
Degree has lesser relationship.
3, the Lining Concrete of Diversion cooling temperature drop stage allows water temperature difference [Δ Tcw] comprehensive study
In summary C9025、C9030、C9040 lining concretes, which are segmented water temperature and concrete temperature drop stage, allows water temperature difference to grind
Study carefully achievement, obtains concrete maximum temperature Tmax- cooling water temperature TwThe permission temperature difference [Δ Tcw] calculation formula 1.
The action and effect of invention
(1) the method for the present invention can be adapted for any liner structure (including different civil engineering types, different structure shape
Formula, different-thickness, varying strength etc.) carry out the cooling water temperature control of Lining Concrete of Diversion.
(2) the method for the present invention science realizes the cooling water temperature control of Lining Concrete of Diversion.The cooling control water temperature difference of water flowing
(concrete maximum temperature Tmax- cooling water temperature TwThe permission temperature difference [Δ Tcw]) calculation formula 1, directly reflect lining cutting thickness
The influence of degree, intensity, avoids manual control error, reduces labor intensity, both will not too low water temperature water flowing cooling lead instead
Thermal cracking is caused, in turn ensures the temperature control quality for taking appropriate water temperature water flowing cooling.
(3) the method for the present invention science is scientific strong.It is scientific and reasonable to control the cooling water temperature of water flowing, to the greatest extent may be used in the temperature rise stage
The lower water temperature of energy, reduces maximum temperature；In temperature drop stage control water temperature, to control temperature drop speed, pipe week and temperature drop mistake are avoided
Lead to internal fissure fastly.It ensures that lining concrete temperature will not go up and temperature control quality, realizes the most effective reduction of overall process
Temperature stress and realization anticracking target.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is third stock market flood discharging tunnel crack situation map involved in background technique, wherein (a) is overall diagram, (b)
For partial enlarged view；
Fig. 2 is white crane beach power station flood discharging tunnel side wall lining concrete water flowing cooling water pipe involved in the embodiment of the present invention
Scene photo；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart that liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature involved in the embodiment of the present invention controls method；
Fig. 4 is 2 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#The 4th cellular construction cross-section diagram of flood discharging tunnel；
Fig. 5 is 2 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#The 4th unit lining concrete internal temperature measured curve figure of flood discharging tunnel；
Fig. 6 is white crane beach power station 2 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#139 unit lining section figure of flood discharging tunnel；
Fig. 7 is white crane beach power station 2 involved in the embodiment of the present invention#139 unit lining concrete temperature of flood discharging tunnel is gone through
When curve graph.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, with white crane beach power station 2 as shown in Figure 2#For 139 unit lining concrete of flood discharging tunnel,
The specific embodiment of liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature of the present invention control method is described in detail.
<white crane beach power station flood Discharge tunnel Project lining concrete temperature control data>
1. project profile
White crane beach power station is located at Jinsha jiang River downstream Ningnan County, Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province Qiaojia County is domestic, is that development of Yangtze River is controlled
The main projects of reason.Installed capacity of power station 14004MW, 602.41 hundred million kWh of Mean annual energy production are that the whole world the 2nd is big
Power station (is only second to Three Gorges).Multi-purpose project is by key constructions such as barrage, flood-discharge energy-dissipating building and generating system by piloting water
Composition.Barrage is concrete hyperboloid arched dam, maximum height of dam 289.0m.Release floodwatering facility includes 6 table holes of dam, 7 deep holes
With 3 flood-discharge tunnels of left bank.Underground chamber system uses stem development plan, is symmetrically arranged at left and right two sides, workshop
8 turbine-generator units of interior each installation.
Underground engineering includes diversion tunnel, flood discharging tunnel, power water passages etc..Diversion culvert engineering has been subjected to water running.3
Flood discharging tunnel is arranged in left bank, using without pressure flood discharging tunnel pattern, by water inlet (gate chamber), without pressure gentle slope section, dragon fall endpiece and
It exports defrlector bucket to form, 1#、2#Flood discharging tunnel dragon falls the anti-arc of tail and directly connects defrlector bucket, and 3#Hole is because orographic condition limits, anti-arc end
Terminate the lower flat section that one section of gradient is 8%, then exit defrlector bucket.
Flood discharging tunnel barrel section, which includes flood discharging tunnel, falls endpiece without pressure section and flood discharging tunnel dragon, be for city-gate section, according to
The features such as lining thickness is different with country rock are divided into tetra- kinds of basic lining styles of thickness of 1.0m, 1.2m, 1.5m, 2.5m.
2. Concrete Design allows maximum temperature and temperature control measures requirement
Flood discharging tunnel lining concrete, which allows to design maximum temperature, see the table below 11:
The 11 flood discharging tunnel lining cutting low-heat concrete construction time of table allows maximum temperature unit: DEG C
Temperature control is carried out to concrete in the overall process for pouring and conserving, avoids concrete cracking, adoptable measure
Including but not limited to:
(1) optimised coagulation soil match ratio, raising concrete capacity against cracking.Mix Design and concrete construction
When, in addition to meeting the major designs index such as concrete grade and freeze proof, impervious, limit stretch value value, it is homogeneous should also to meet construction
Property index and the strength factor of assurance.It should reinforce construction management simultaneously, improve construction technology, improve concrete performance, improve concrete
Anti-crack ability.
(2) reasonable arrangement concrete construction program and construction speed.Answer reasonable arrangement concrete construction program and construct into
Degree, and make great efforts to improve construction management level.
(3) inside concrete maximum temperature is controlled.Its effective measures includes reducing temperature of concrete during construction, reducing gelling material
Expect heat of hydration temperature rise, initial stage water flowing etc..Lining concrete placing temperature is controlled, 4~September is 20 DEG C；October~March next year is 18
℃.Transport concrete tool should have thermal insulation, sun-shade measure, shorten concrete and be exposed to the sun the time, reduce in concrete transportation casting process
Temperature recovery.High temperature period casting concrete is avoided as far as possible, and low temperature season and morning and evening and nighttime temperature should be made full use of low
Period pours.When each position concreting, if the temperature of concrete during construction to have put in storage is not able to satisfy related when requiring, Ying Li
It notifies supervisor, is handled according to supervisor's instruction, and adopt an effective measure control temperature of concrete during construction immediately.
3. cooling water pipe is embedded
(1) flood discharging tunnel runner lining concrete needs embedded cooling water pipe to carry out water flowing cooling.Cooling water pipe is horizontally embedded,
Along one row of lining cutting horizontal layout, spacing is 1.0~1.5m.
(2) concrete cooling water pipe can be used high density polyethylene (HDPE) cooling water pipe, straight outside high density polyethylene (HDPE) cooling water pipe
DiameterWall thickness 2mm, index see the table below 12.
12 high density polyethylene (HDPE) cooling water pipe index of table
(3) concrete storehouse surface cooling water pipe arrangement should by supervisor ratify contractor design drawing shown in or supervisor
Instruction carry out, the arrangement of water supply Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches pipe, connection and heat preservation are determined by contractor according to building site situation, but must be through supervisor
Approval.The equilibrium temperature of concrete, concrete cooling speed, cooling program and temperature monitoring method should all be by this technology clauses
Pertinent regulations or supervisor indicate to carry out.
(4) grease stain on cooling water pipe surface etc. should be removed completely.The joint length of circulating cooling water pipe generally no more than
250m.Pre-buried cooling water pipe is not across shrinkage joint.
(5) all pipelines are tensed or are supported with metalwork and fixed in the way of supervisor's approval.All connectors of water pipe
There should be watertightness, be cleaned up in the case where there is supervisor in field, and be tested with the hydrostatic pressure of 0.35MPa, water pipe buries
If preceding connector at this pressure is answered water-tight.
(6) the recirculated water inspection not less than 0.2MPa pressure should be passed to before concreting, in cooling water pipe.Using pressure
Power table and flowmeter indicate the resistance situation in pipe simultaneously.Water pipe should carefully be protected, to prevent in concreting or
Make cooling water pipe displacement or broken ring in other work after concreting and in pipe testing.Stretch out the tube head of concrete
The method etc. that covering should be capped is protected.
(7) being coupled between each cooling water pipe should be effective at any time, and energy Fast Installation and dismounting, is reliably capable simultaneously
Control recirculated water of the water flow of certain water pipe without influencing other cooling water pipes.Should all performing into and out of end for all water pipes is clear
Label to guarantee in entire cooling procedure that cooling water energy flows in the right direction.The arrangement of general pipeline should make the position of tube head easy
The water (flow) direction in exchange cooling water pipe.The direction of cooling water flow is primary per exchanging for 24 hours.Contractor should keep clerking, and
Every circumferential direction supervisor reports following record: the flow and temperature of hydraulic pressure, every disk cooling water pipe water inlet end and water outlet water flow.
(8) pipeline should have special messenger's maintenance in concreting process, in case pipeline is deformed or is blocked.It is being embedded to
After concrete 30cm~60cm, Ying Tongshui (gas) is checked, is found the problem, should be handled in time.Cooling water pipe is in concreting
Cheng Zhongruo by any destruction, should stop immediately pouring concrete can continue after cooling water pipe reparation and by test into
Row.
4. water flowing cooling technology requires
Water flowing coolant water temperature: generally logical 18 DEG C of chilled waters or cleaning river (river water temperature is no more than 22 DEG C), coagulation soil temperature
The temperature difference is no more than 25 DEG C between degree and cooling water, and concrete day, cooling extent was not to be exceeded 2 DEG C when cooling, and water (flow) direction should be daily
Change once, cools down concret block uniformly.Design water flowing lasts 7~20 days.
5. temperature measures
(1) resistance thermometer or thermocouple that Ying Caiyong is embedded in concrete carry out the temperature measurement work of concrete
Make.In construction time, every 10 pour storehouse and select a storehouse, and each building monthly at least selects 1 and pours the storehouse burial and construction phase
Thermometer each pours and buries 1~3 thermometer in storehouse, adds thermo detector when necessary.
(2) it should record and a temperature measurement report is submitted to report and submit supervisor weekly, content is except including but not limited to: mixed
Solidifying soil placing temperature, concrete internal temperature, the cooling water flow of every cooling water pipe, flow direction, pressure, inlet temperature, outlet
Other measurement indexes that temperature and supervisor require.
(3) in concrete construction, should at least every 4h measure 1 machine outlet concrete temperature, placement temperature, pour
Temperature and the temperature for pouring building body cooling water, and keep a record.
(4) measurement of temperature of concrete during construction, every 100m2Storehouse surface area should be no less than 1 measuring point, and every 1 pouring layer should not
Less than 3 measuring points.Measuring point should be evenly distributed on lift joint.
(5) after the installation is completed, contractor should be corrected equipment by the method that supervisor ratifies, observe, simultaneously thermometer
The initial reading of register instrument equipment in the operating condition.After thermometer is embedded for 24 hours within, survey 1 time every 4h, see daily later
It surveys 3 times, until concrete reaches maximum temperature.Observation 1 time daily later, continues a ten days.Observation 1 in every two days backward again
It is secondary, continue January, remaining period is monthly observed once.
<embodiment one>2#The 4th unit Lining Concrete of Diversion of flood discharging tunnel is cooling
As shown in figure 4,2#Flat the 4th unit liner structure of section is C with a thickness of 2.5m on flood discharging tunnel9040 low-heat concrete.
Side wall lining concrete will be poured on May 12nd, 2017, as example.
As shown in figure 3, liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature provided in this embodiment control method include with
Lower content:
Step 1. analyzes lining concrete temperature control data, determines the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing:
Step 1-1. finishing analysis liner structure engineering basic document.2#Flat the 4th unit liner structure base of section on flood discharging tunnel
This data, including temperature controlled anticracking and its water flowing cooling, technical requirement on design etc. are as described above.Due to white crane beach power station flood discharging tunnel
For 1 grade of building, water velocity is up to nearly 50m/s, and lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking is extremely important.Foundation design requirement,
It needs to adopt an effective measure including the cooling progress temperature control of water flowing.
Step 1-2. analyzes lining concrete temperature control technical requirement on design.Including Concrete Temperature Control, allow maximum temperature, temperature
Control the technical requirements of crack control measures etc..According to the above white crane beach Hydropower Project data, 2#Flat section the 4th is single on flood discharging tunnel
First lining concrete needs to control placing temperature, takes water flowing cooling provision.It will pour within 12nd May, be wanted according to the design of table 7
It asks, the permission maximum temperature of 2.5m thickness lining concrete is 42 DEG C.
Step 2. is based on the cooling control water temperature of lining concrete temperature control material computation water flowing being collected into, comprising:
Step 2-1. is calculated the permission temperature difference [the Δ T between lining concrete and cooling water by formula 1cw】
【ΔTcw]=2H+0.6C (formula 1),
In formula: H is lining concrete structural thickness, and C is the strength grade of lining concrete；
The strength grade C=40 (MPa) of lining concrete structural thickness H=2.5m, lining concrete is substituted into formula 1,
Calculate [Δ Tcw]=29 DEG C.
Step 2-2. calculates water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,min
Tw,min=Tmax-【ΔTcw] (formula 2),
In formula: Tmax2.5m thickness is poured mid-May according to similar engineering experience for lining concrete inside maximum temperature
Lining concrete, it is contemplated that C9040 low-heat concrete interior designs allow maximum temperature to be 42 DEG C.
By Tmax=42 DEG C, [Δ Tcw]=29 DEG C substitute into formula 2, calculate to obtain Tw,min=13 DEG C.
Step 2-3. determines the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw
According to construction site can by water temperature condition, in conjunction with calculate water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,minIt is required that In
Meet Tw≥Tw,minUnder the premise of, determine the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw；
According to Tw=Tw,min+ 1~5 DEG C, TwPreferably between 14 DEG C~18 DEG C, in the present embodiment, T is takenw=18 DEG C of refrigeration
Water.
Step 3. determines the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing, according to the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingwLiner structure concrete is carried out
Water flowing is cooling, realizes temperature controlled anticracking.
Water flowing cooling water pipe arrangement, flow control etc., such as above-mentioned data.Water flowing cooling water pipe arrangement, along abutment wall axis (lining
Tiling the plane) spacing be 1.5m arrange single layer water pipe (see Fig. 2)；Water flowing flow is according to 48m3/ d control.Water flowing coolant water temperature, takes
Tw=18 DEG C of chilled waters.
According to the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing is determined, (and its control of water flowing cooling water pipe is arranged before lining concrete pours
Switch) and the water flowing cooling after concreting.The cooling water temperature control of water flowing is Tw=18 DEG C.It is specifically shown in achievement and arranges following table
13。
Table 13 2#4th unit lining concrete pours measured data
Finishing analysis liner structure concrete internal temperature water flowing cools down Control data:
2#Flat the 4th unit liner structure concrete of section was poured on May 12nd, 2017 on flood discharging tunnel, was taken in construction
Water flowing cooling provision, and water flowing cooling is carried out according to above-mentioned temperature control scheme and water flowing 10d cooling time.
According to construction note, arranges main actual measurement temperature control data and be shown in Table 13, actual measurement lining concrete internal temperature is bent
Line is shown in Fig. 5 solid line.The simulation calculation of the cooling 7d of water flowing, concrete internal temperature curve such as Fig. 5 are also carried out using FInite Element
Shown in dotted line.
The above achievement shows:
(1) water flowing coolant water temperature Tw=18 DEG C, the difference with 41.87 DEG C of inside concrete maximum temperature is 23.87 DEG C, is less than
29 DEG C namely TwHigher than 13 DEG C, meet the requirements.T simultaneouslyw=18 DEG C=13+5 DEG C, be the upper limit of suggestion value, water flowing cooling water
It is warm reasonable.
(2) 41.87 DEG C of maximum temperature inside lining concrete, it is less than 42 DEG C of permissible value of design, meets technical requirement on design,
Realize temperature control target.I.e. water flowing is cooling obtains good result.
(3) lining concrete temperature drop speed is reduced to 34.7 DEG C from 41.87 DEG C of 3.5d to 9d, average temperature drop speed 1.3
DEG C/d meets the requirements less than 2.0 DEG C/d.That is, water temperature is not too low, concrete temperature drop speed is rationally controlled.
(4) show 2 in March, 2019 observation#Flat the 4th unit liner structure concrete of section does not have any split on flood discharging tunnel
Seam occurs, and temperature controlled anticracking obtains good effect.
(5) calculating according to this programme, which allows water temperature difference to carry out the cooling water temperature of water flowing, controls, and is scientific, reasonable.
<embodiment two>2#The 4th unit Lining Concrete of Diversion of flood discharging tunnel is cooling
2#Flood discharging tunnel barrel Unit the 139th, gateway opening shape lining cutting, side wall lining thickness 1.5m, along flood discharging tunnel axis direction
Circumferential construction parting is set every 12m, IV class surrounding rock, the bottom plate and abutment wall of liner structure are C9040 low-heat cement concrete, top
Arch is C9030 low-heat cement concrete, as shown in Figure 6.Temperature control basic document is same as above.18 DEG C of temperature of concrete during construction of design uses
Tap water at normal temperature moisture-keeping maintaining 90d, the cooling control concrete internal temperature of water flowing.It will be poured within 12nd November.
As shown in figure 3, liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature provided in this embodiment control method include with
Lower content:
Step 1. analyzes lining concrete temperature control data, determines the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing
Step 1-1. finishing analysis liner structure engineering basic document.2#Flat the 139th unit liner structure of section on flood discharging tunnel
Basic document, including temperature controlled anticracking and its water flowing cooling, technical requirement on design etc. are as described above.Due to the power station flood discharge of white crane beach
Hole is 1 grade of building, and water velocity is up to nearly 50m/s, and lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking is extremely important.It is wanted according to design
It asks, needs to adopt an effective measure including the cooling progress temperature control of water flowing.
Step 1-2. analyzes lining concrete temperature control technical requirement on design.According to the above white crane beach Hydropower Project data,
2#Flat the 139th unit lining concrete of section, needs to control placing temperature, takes water flowing cooling provision on flood discharging tunnel.It will be November 9
Day pours, and according to the design requirement of the above table 11, the permission maximum temperature of 1.5m thickness lining concrete is 38 DEG C.
Step 2. is based on the cooling control water temperature of lining concrete temperature control material computation water flowing being collected into, comprising:
Step 2-1. is calculated the permission temperature difference [the Δ T between lining concrete and cooling water by formula 1cw】
【ΔTcw]=2H+0.6C (formula 1),
In formula: H is lining concrete structural thickness, and C is the strength grade of lining concrete；
The strength grade C=40 (MPa) of lining concrete structural thickness H=1.5m, lining concrete is substituted into formula 1,
Calculate [Δ Tcw]=27 DEG C.
Step 2-2. calculates water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,min
Tw,min=Tmax-【ΔTcw] (formula 2),
In formula: Tmax1.5m thickness is poured mid-November according to similar engineering experience for lining concrete inside maximum temperature
Spend lining concrete, it is contemplated that C9040 low-heat concrete interior designs allow maximum temperature to be 38 DEG C.
By Tmax=38 DEG C, [Δ Tcw]=27 DEG C substitute into formula 2, calculate to obtain Tw,min=11 DEG C.
Step 2-3. determines the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw
According to construction site can by water temperature condition, in conjunction with calculate water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,minIt is required that In
Meet Tw≥Tw,minUnder the premise of, determine the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw；
According to Tw=Tw,min+ 1~5 DEG C, TwPreferably between 12 DEG C~16 DEG C, according to local hydrological data, November river
Temperature, about 16 DEG C or so, therefore in the present embodiment, take TwIt is cooling that=16 DEG C of cleaning river carry out water flowing.
Step 3. determines the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing, according to the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingwLiner structure concrete is carried out
Water flowing is cooling, realizes temperature controlled anticracking.
Water flowing cooling water pipe arrangement, flow control etc., such as above-mentioned data.Water flowing cooling water pipe arrangement, along abutment wall axis (lining
Tiling the plane) spacing be 1.5m arrange single layer water pipe (see Fig. 2)；Water flowing flow is according to 48m3/ d control.Water flowing coolant water temperature, takes
Tw=16 DEG C of cleaning river.
According to the cooling temperature control scheme of water flowing is determined, (and its control of water flowing cooling water pipe is arranged before lining concrete pours
Switch) and the water flowing cooling after concreting.The cooling water temperature control of water flowing is Tw=16 DEG C.It is specifically shown in achievement arrangement.
Finishing analysis liner structure concrete internal temperature water flowing cools down Control data:
2#Let out the 139th unit concreting period of adit barrel side wall lining: 2018.11.9 (07:50)-
2018.11.10(14:20).Flood discharging tunnel 2#The 139th unit concrete water flowing cooling water pipe of structural sections side wall lining arrangement is shown in Fig. 2.
2 thermometers are in place in the installation of morning November 8 in 2018.Environment temperature when unit in charge of construction's overall process is to concreting,
Concrete warehousing temperature and placing temperature are monitored, and table 14 is as a result listed in.Ambient air temperature average value is 15.9 DEG C, concrete
Placement temperature average value is 12.8 DEG C, and temperature of concrete during construction average value is 14.6 DEG C.Water flowing is cooling to use 16 DEG C of left sides of normal-temperature water
It is right.
The 139th cell temperature statistical form of 14 white crane beach power station 2# flood discharging tunnel barrel side wall lining of table
Casting concrete starts to flood thermometer when the November in 2018 of 9:00 on the 9th, and starts to carry out water flowing cooling.2#It lets out flat
Temperature when barrel side wall lining the 139th unit concrete in hole covers: leftwall is 15.0 DEG C, lasts 41 hours up to maximum temperature
29.8 DEG C, 14.8 DEG C of maximum temperature rise.As shown in Figure 7.
The above achievement shows:
(1) according to designing in advance, water flowing coolant water temperature Tw=16 DEG C (16 DEG C of river of cleaning), allow maximum temperature with design
38 DEG C of the temperature difference is 22 DEG C, is less than [Δ Tcw]=27 DEG C, and Tw=16 DEG C=Tw,min+ 5 DEG C, be the upper limit of suggestion value, if
It is reasonable to count water flowing coolant water temperature.In construction, 29.8 DEG C of inside concrete maximum temperature are surveyed, actual water temperature difference=29.8-16=
13.8 DEG C DEG C, it is less than Δ Tcw]=27 DEG C, meet the requirements.But by actual measurement inside concrete maximum temperature Tw29.8 DEG C and [Δ Tcw】
=27 DEG C of calculating, can take lower water temperature (29.8-27=2.98 DEG C, then plus 1~5 DEG C, can be using down to 4~8 DEG C DEG C
Water) carry out water flowing cooling.If taken more down to 4~8 DEG C of water (i.e. chilled water) water flowings coolings, coagulation can be further reduced
Native maximum temperature obtains more preferable temperature control effect, but needs to increase refrigeration expense.The above results show using room temperature (cleaning river
16 DEG C) water flowing cooling, refrigeration expense is not needed, having had reached temperature control target, (29.8 DEG C of maximum temperature are less than design permissible value 38
DEG C), completely without taking the water water flowing of lower water temperature cooling, refrigeration expense can be saved, so water temperature is reasonable.
(2) survey 29.8 DEG C of inside concrete maximum temperature, much smaller than allow design 38 DEG C of maximum temperature, inside concrete
Maximum temperature is effectively controlled.Illustrate that the cooling temperature control effect of water flowing is good.
(3) temperature drop since 41h, until 205h, lasts 8.5d, 11.5 DEG C of total temperature drop surveys the temperature drop speed of temperature drop process
1.35 DEG C/d, less than 2.0 DEG C/d, average temperature drop speed is effectively controlled.That is, water temperature is not too low, concrete temperature drop speed is obtained
To reasonable control.
(4) water flowing cooling flow 48m3/ d meets technical requirement on design；
(5) white crane beach power station 2#The 139th unit concrete of adit barrel side wall lining is let out, until in March, 2019 has been undergone
In winter " there may be the thermal cracking phases ", there is no any cracks, obtain temperature controlled anticracking remarkable result.
The above achievement shows:
(1) survey 29.8 DEG C of inside concrete maximum temperature, much smaller than allow design 38 DEG C of maximum temperature, inside concrete
Maximum temperature is effectively controlled；
(2) temperature drop since 41h, until 205h, lasts 8.5d, 11.5 DEG C of total temperature drop surveys the temperature drop speed of temperature drop process
1.35 DEG C/d, less than 2.0 DEG C/d, average temperature drop speed is effectively controlled；
(3) placing temperature is 14.6 DEG C average, less than 18 DEG C, meets technical requirement on design；
(4) 16 DEG C of water flowing coolant water temperature, the difference with 29.8 DEG C of inside concrete maximum temperature is 13.8 DEG C, less than 25 DEG C,
Meet technical requirement on design；
(5) water flowing cooling flow 48m3/ d meets technical requirement on design；
(6) white crane beach power station 2#The 139th unit concrete of adit barrel side wall lining is let out, until in March, 2019 has been undergone
In winter " there may be the thermal cracking phases ", there is no any cracks, obtain temperature controlled anticracking remarkable result.
Above embodiments the result shows that, the method for the present invention can be adapted for any liner structure (including different building works
Journey type, different structure form, different-thickness, varying strength etc.) carry out the control of Lining Concrete of Diversion coolant water temperature.
The method of the present invention science, the permission differential thermal calculation formula 1 between the cooling lining concrete of water flowing and cooling water, directly
The influence for reflecting lining thickness and strength grade ensure that the cooling temperature control quality of water flowing.
The method of the present invention is scientific and reasonable to control the cooling water temperature of water flowing, in temperature rise stage water temperature as lower as possible, reduces
Maximum temperature；In temperature drop stage control water temperature, to control temperature drop speed, avoids pipe week and temperature drop is too fast leads to internal fissure.
It ensures that lining concrete temperature will not go up and temperature control quality, realize the most effective reduction temperature stress of overall process and realizes anti-
Split target.
Above-described embodiment is only the illustration done to technical solution of the present invention.Liner structure according to the present invention
Concrete water flowing coolant water temperature control method is not merely defined in described content in the embodiment above, but with right
It is required that subject to limited range.Any modification that those skilled in the art of the invention are made on the basis of the embodiment or
Supplement or equivalence replacement, all in claim range claimed of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature controls method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1. collects lining concrete temperature control data；
Step 2. is based on the cooling control water temperature of lining concrete temperature control material computation water flowing being collected into, comprising:
Step 2-1. is calculated the permission temperature difference [the Δ T between lining concrete and cooling water by formula 1cw】
【ΔTcw]=2H+0.6C (formula 1),
In formula: H is lining concrete structural thickness, and C is the strength grade of lining concrete；
Step 2-2. calculates water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,min
Tw,min=Tmax-【ΔTcw] (formula 2),
In formula: TmaxFor lining concrete inside maximum temperature；
Step 2-3. determines the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw
According to construction site can by water temperature condition, in conjunction with calculate water flowing coolant water temperature minimum Tw,minIt is required that meeting
Tw≥Tw,minUnder the premise of, determine the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingw；
Step 3. is according to the cooling control water temperature T of water flowingwWater flowing cooling is carried out to liner structure concrete, realizes temperature controlled anticracking.
2. liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature according to claim 1 controls method, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, step 1 includes:
Step 1-1. finishing analysis liner structure engineering basic document, comprising: collect and lining concrete temperature controlled anticracking and its logical
The cooling related design of water, construction, supervision documents；
Step 1-2. analyzes lining concrete temperature control technical requirement on design, comprising: Concrete Temperature Control allows maximum temperature, temperature control
Technical requirements in terms of crack control measures.
3. liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature according to claim 1 controls method, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, in step 2-3, Tw=Tw,min+ 1~5 DEG C.
4. liner structure concrete water flowing coolant water temperature according to claim 1 or 3 controls method, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, water temperature is reduced as far as possible in the temperature rise stage, to reduce maximum temperature inside lining concrete；It is pressed in the temperature drop stage
According to the water temperature T for meeting step 2-3 requirementw, water flowing cooling is carried out, temperature drop speed is controlled.
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