CN110514184B - Simple device for measuring deep stratum deformation and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Simple device for measuring deep stratum deformation and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110514184B CN110514184B CN201910812872.0A CN201910812872A CN110514184B CN 110514184 B CN110514184 B CN 110514184B CN 201910812872 A CN201910812872 A CN 201910812872A CN 110514184 B CN110514184 B CN 110514184B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple device for measuring deep stratum deformation, which comprises a total station, a stratum burying device arranged at the front end of the total station and a measuring datum point arranged on a deformation stable stratum. The method comprises the steps of setting a measuring datum point, installing a stratum burying device, and measuring the initial reading and the deformation of a target measuring point. The device is simple, low in cost, simple and convenient to operate, small in required field and wide in adaptability, can be arranged in a vertical, inclined and curve shape according to requirements, and is suitable for measuring deformation of strata at different depths in the process of developing underground spaces of cities and measuring deformation of strata right below buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stratum deformation monitoring, in particular to a simple device and a method for measuring deep stratum deformation.
Background
The stratum stress field is changed due to the excavation of the tunnel, the underground water lowering and the like, and further the stratum is deformed, and theories and practices prove that the deformation of the stratum along the depth direction has different deformation sizes and speeds. When the underground tunnel is excavated, the peripheral rock-soil layer is deformed and then is expanded to the outer edge of the underground tunnel, which is represented as a large deformation and a speed block of the peripheral stratum of the tunnel, and a small deformation and a low speed of the outer edge stratum of the tunnel.
The urban underground engineering construction usually has stricter requirements on stratum deformation, and large deformation and uneven deformation usually bring huge threats to engineering construction and surrounding environments, and are important points needing to be controlled in the engineering construction and later-stage operation processes. In consideration of dense distribution of urban buildings, roads, pipelines and the like and narrow construction operation space, the reserved space for arranging the measuring points is extremely limited, the risk of damage of the measuring points is increased, and the existing stratum deformation method is failed or difficult to apply. Therefore, it is necessary to design a deep formation deformation measuring device suitable for urban complex environments.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a simple device for measuring deep stratum deformation, which can flexibly and effectively adapt to densely distributed areas such as buildings, roads, pipelines, etc. in cities and narrow engineering construction working spaces, and monitor the deformation variation of strata at different depths below the areas; the device has the characteristics of simple operation, flexible arrangement, safety, high efficiency, low cost and wide adaptability, and is also suitable for measuring the deformation of the stratum below the concealed engineering. The invention also provides a using method of the device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simple device for measuring deep stratum deformation comprises a total station, a stratum burying device arranged at the front end of the total station, and a measuring datum point arranged on a stable stratum;
the stratum embedding device comprises an anchoring part anchored in the stratum, a connecting line used for connecting the anchoring part with a ground surface measuring point, and a PVC pipeline arranged outside the connecting line and used for protecting the connecting line; a movable measuring point capable of moving up and down is arranged at the overground part of the PVC pipeline, and a fixed end measuring point is arranged at the top end of the movable measuring point; the outer exposed end of the connecting wire penetrates through a light ball with the diameter equal to that of the PVC pipeline, and a coil is arranged at the tail end of the connecting wire;
the measuring datum point comprises a concrete block poured in a stable stratum and a steel bar embedded into the concrete block, an iron sheet is welded at the exposed end of the steel bar, and a first light reflecting sheet is adhered to the iron sheet.
Preferably, the movable measuring point comprises an arc-shaped sleeve sleeved outside the PVC pipeline, a hook arranged at the upper end of the arc-shaped sleeve and a second reflective sheet adhered to the outer side of the arc-shaped sleeve.
Preferably, the end measuring point is a third reflective sheet adhered to the top end of the PVC pipeline.
Preferably, at the position with larger stratum deformation, the PVC pipeline is formed by sleeving a PVC thin pipe on a PVC thick pipe, and the overlapping length of the PVC thin pipe and the PVC thick pipe is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, the measuring datum point is arranged at a stable position of stratum deformation which is not influenced by the tunnel excavation effect.
Preferably, the connecting line is a flexible line, and the flexible line is a PE fiber.
A measuring method adopting a simple device for measuring deep stratum deformation comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a measurement reference point: setting a measuring datum point at a ground position which is not influenced by the tunnel excavation effect, pouring a concrete block body in a stable stratum, welding an iron sheet at the upper end of a reinforcing steel bar, embedding the bottom of the reinforcing steel bar welded with the iron sheet into the concrete block body, and sticking a first light reflecting sheet on the iron sheet;
(2) installing a stratum burying device: avoiding buildings and underground pipelines, drilling a hole from the ground surface to a target stratum position monitoring point in a proper direction, placing an anchoring piece firmly bolted with a connecting line at the bottom end of the drilled hole, and pouring mortar or concrete to anchor the anchoring piece in the target stratum; sequentially enabling the PVC thin tube and the PVC thick tube to penetrate through the flexible wire to a preset position, ensuring that the overlapping length of the thick tube and the thin tube is 10-20cm, enabling the upper end of the thick tube and the thin tube to be located at the preset position of the ground, then enabling the connecting wire to penetrate through the light ball body, and arranging a coil at the end of the connecting wire; sleeving the movable measuring point outside the PVC pipeline, hanging a connecting wire end coil on a hook on the upper side of the movable measuring point, and hiding the redundant exposed connecting wire in the PVC pipeline; pasting a reflective sheet at the end of the PVC pipeline exposed out of the ground as an end measuring point;
(3) initial reading: measuring the height difference of the PVC pipeline end measuring point relative to the measuring datum point by using a total stationh 0(ii) a Because the end coil of the connecting wire is hung on the hook of the movable measuring point, the connecting wire is tightened to enable the movable measuring point to move downwards until the connecting wire in the pipeline is stretched straight, and the elevation difference of the movable measuring point relative to the measuring datum point at the moment is measuredH 0；
(4) And (3) measuring the deformation of the target measuring point: according to the requirementsMaking a monitoring scheme, and measuring for the 1 st time after initial reading, wherein the height differences of the end measuring point and the movable measuring point of the PVC pipeline relative to a measuring reference point are respectivelyh 1AndH 1(ii) a The height difference of the end measuring point and the movable measuring point of the PVC pipeline relative to the measuring datum point in the nth measurement is respectivelyh nAndH n；
according to the ith measurement result, the size mu of the deformation of the target measuring point relative to the datum point is as follows:
µ= H i- H 0+h i-h 0
the deformation size delta mu of the target measuring point relative to the (i-1) th measurement resultiComprises the following steps:
△µi= H i- H i-1+h i-h i-1。
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the flexible wire has the characteristics of high strength and durability, and the trend of the flexible wire under the ground can be flexibly adjusted according to the distribution of the ground surface, underground buildings and pipelines. The characteristics of the flexible wires are utilized, the arrangement is flexible, and the flexible cable can be well suitable for urban complex environments to be reasonably arranged.
The PVC pipeline is arranged along the flexible line in the walking direction and is used for protecting the flexible line from being influenced by the rock-soil stratum at the stratum deformation sensitive part, such as: in the rock-soil layering position, the influence of stratum and PVC pipelines on the deformation of the flexible line is reduced by sleeving the PVC thin pipes and the PVC thick pipes and overlapping the PVC thin pipes and the PVC thick pipes by 10-20cm, the influence of the deformation of the stratum at the upper part of a measured point on the measurement result is reduced, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
The monitoring points of the invention are divided into three categories, namely measuring reference points, end measuring points and movable measuring points, wherein the measuring reference points are arranged at stable positions of stratum deformation which are not influenced by the actions of tunnel excavation and the like; the end measuring point measures the deformation of the earth surface by a third reflector adhered to the PVC pipe to the end; when the movable measuring point is used, the movable measuring point is sleeved on the outer side of the PVC pipe, slides up and down, and measures the deformation of the deep stratum relative to the ground through the length change of the exposed flexible line. Each monitoring point can be centrally arranged and managed, so that the protection of the measuring point and the development of the measuring work are facilitated.
The anchoring part can be manufactured by welding a steel bar and an iron plate, and can also be a plastic anchoring part which is produced in batches in a factory, is firmly connected with the bottom end of the flexible wire and is anchored with a target stratum by pouring mortar or concrete.
The device is low in cost, simple in principle and convenient to operate, and is favorable for timely knowing and mastering the conditions such as deep stratum deformation and settlement in the engineering construction and later-stage operation period process, so that a constructor can timely take pretreatment measures, the problems of large settlement and uneven settlement on the ground are prevented, and the construction safety is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the earth burying device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile station;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a moving station.
In the figure: 1-1 is a total station, 1-2 is a measuring datum point, 1-3 is an end measuring point, 1-4 is a moving measuring point, 2-3 is a coil, 2-4 is a PVC pipeline, 2-5 is a PVC thin pipe, 2-6 is an anchoring part, 2-7 is a PVC thick pipe, 2-8 is a light sphere, 2-9 is a connecting line, 3-1 is an arc-shaped sleeve, 3-2 is a hook, and 3-3 is a second light reflecting sheet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a simple device for measuring deep stratum deformation comprises a total station 1-1, a stratum burying device for measuring by using the total station 1-1, and a measuring datum point 1-2 arranged on a stable stratum, wherein the measuring datum point 1-2 is arranged at a stable position of stratum deformation which is not affected by the actions of tunnel excavation and the like. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ground burying device comprises anchoring pieces 2-6 anchored in the ground, connecting lines 2-9 used for connecting the anchoring pieces 2-6 and ground measuring points, and PVC pipelines 2-4 arranged outside the connecting lines 2-9 and used for protecting the connecting lines 2-9; a movable measuring point 1-4 capable of moving up and down is arranged at the upper part of the PVC pipeline 2-4, an end measuring point 1-3 is also fixedly arranged at the top end of the movable measuring point, and the end measuring point 1-3 is a third light reflecting sheet adhered to the top end of the PVC pipeline 2-4; the exposed end of the connecting wire 2-9 penetrates through a light ball 2-8 with the diameter equal to that of the PVC pipeline 2-4, and a coil 2-3 is arranged at the tail end of the connecting wire 2-9; the connecting lines 2-9 are flexible lines, and the flexible lines are PE fibers.
The measuring datum point 1-2 comprises a concrete block poured in a stable stratum and a steel bar partially embedded into the concrete block, an iron sheet is welded at the exposed top end of the steel bar, and a first light reflecting sheet is adhered to the iron sheet.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the movable measuring point 1-4 comprises an arc-shaped sleeve 3-1 sleeved outside the PVC pipeline 2-4, a hook 3-2 arranged at the upper end of the arc-shaped sleeve 3-1, and a second reflector 3-3 adhered to the outer side of the arc-shaped sleeve 3-1.
The PVC pipeline 2-4 arranged at the sensitive part of the terrain deformation is composed of a PVC thick pipe 2-7 sleeved with a PVC thin pipe 2-5, and the overlapping length between the PVC thick pipe and the PVC thin pipe is 10-20 cm. In order to mitigate the effect of the formation on the deformation of the connecting lines 2-9, the accuracy of the measured data is increased.
The measuring method of the simple device for measuring the deformation of the deep stratum comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a measurement datum point 1-2: setting a measuring datum point 1-2 at a ground position which is not influenced by the tunnel excavation effect, pouring a concrete block in a stratum, welding an iron sheet at the upper end of a steel bar, embedding the steel bar welded with the iron sheet into the concrete block buried underground, and sticking a first light reflecting sheet on the iron sheet;
(2) installing a stratum burying device: drilling a hole from the ground surface to a target stratum position monitoring point in a proper direction by avoiding buildings and underground pipelines, placing the anchoring piece 2-6 firmly bolted with the connecting line 2-9 at the bottom end of the drilled hole, and pouring mortar or concrete to anchor the anchoring piece 2-6 in the target stratum; sequentially enabling the PVC thin tubes 2-5 and the PVC thick tubes 2-7 to penetrate through the flexible wires to preset positions, ensuring that the overlapping length of the thick tubes and the thin tubes is 10-20cm, enabling the upper ends of the thick tubes and the thin tubes to be located at the preset positions on the ground, then enabling the connecting wires 2-9 to penetrate through the light spheres 2-8, and arranging coils 2-3 at the ends of the connecting wires 2-9; sleeving the movable measuring point 1-4 outside the PVC pipeline 2-4, hanging a coil 2-3 at the end of a connecting wire 2-9 on a hook 3-2 at the upper side of the movable measuring point 1-4, and hiding the redundant exposed connecting wire 2-9 in the PVC pipeline 2-4; pasting a reflective sheet at the end of the PVC pipeline 2-4 exposed out of the ground as an end measuring point 1-3;
(3) initial reading: measuring the height difference of a PVC pipeline 2-4 end measuring point 1-3 relative to a measuring datum point 1-2 by using a total station 1-1h 0(ii) a Because the end coils 2-3 of the connecting wires 2-9 are hung on the hooks 3-2 of the movable measuring points 1-4, the connecting wires 2-9 are tightened to enable the movable measuring points 1-4 to move downwards until the exposed connecting wires 2-9 are straightened, and the height difference of the movable measuring points 1-4 relative to the measuring datum points 1-2 at the moment is measuredH 0；
(4) And (3) measuring the deformation of the target measuring point: a monitoring scheme is formulated according to requirements, the 1 st measurement after the initial reading is carried out, and the height difference of the end measuring point 1-3 and the movable measuring point 1-4 of the PVC pipeline 2-4 relative to the measuring datum point 1-2 is respectivelyh 1AndH 1(ii) a The height difference of the end measuring point 1-3 and the movable measuring point 1-4 of the PVC pipeline 2-4 relative to the measuring datum point 1-2 in the nth measurement is respectivelyh nAndH n；
according to the ith measurement result, the size mu of the deformation of the target measuring point relative to the datum point is as follows:
µ= H i- H 0+h i-h 0
the deformation size delta mu of the target measuring point relative to the (i-1) th measurement resultiComprises the following steps:
△µi= H i- H i-1+h i-h i-1。
the measuring method of the measuring device is suitable for measuring the deformation of different deep stratums in a complex urban environment, the method is simple to operate, the used device is small in structure, suitable for the operation environment in a narrow space, reliable in measuring result, convenient to master the deformation of the construction stratum at any time, and capable of improving the safety of construction operation.
The apparatus elements referred to in the above embodiments are conventional apparatus elements unless otherwise specified, and the structural arrangements, operations, or controls referred to in the above embodiments are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A simple device for measuring deep stratum deformation comprises a total station, and is characterized by also comprising a stratum burying device arranged at the front end of the total station and a measuring datum point arranged on a stable stratum;
the stratum embedding device comprises an anchoring part anchored in the stratum, a connecting line used for connecting the anchoring part with a ground surface measuring point, and a PVC pipeline arranged outside the connecting line and used for protecting the connecting line; a movable measuring point capable of moving up and down is arranged at the overground part of the PVC pipeline, and a fixed end measuring point is arranged at the top end of the movable measuring point; the outer exposed end of the connecting wire penetrates through a light ball with the diameter equal to that of the PVC pipeline, and a coil is arranged at the tail end of the connecting wire;
the measuring datum point comprises a concrete block poured in a stable stratum and a steel bar with the bottom embedded into the concrete block, an iron sheet is welded at the exposed end of the steel bar, and a first light reflecting sheet is adhered to the iron sheet;
the measuring method of the device comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a measurement reference point: setting a measuring datum point at a ground position which is not influenced by the tunnel excavation effect, pouring a concrete block in a stratum, welding an iron sheet at the upper end of a reinforcing steel bar, embedding the bottom of the reinforcing steel bar welded with the iron sheet into the concrete block, and sticking a first light reflecting sheet on the iron sheet;
(2) installing a stratum burying device: avoiding buildings and underground pipelines, drilling a hole from the ground surface to a target stratum position monitoring point in a proper direction, placing an anchoring piece firmly bolted with a connecting line at the bottom end of the drilled hole, and pouring mortar or concrete to anchor the anchoring piece in the target stratum; sequentially enabling the PVC thin tube and the PVC thick tube to penetrate through the connecting wire to a preset position, ensuring that the overlapping length of the thick tube and the thin tube is 10-20cm, enabling the upper end of the thick tube and the thin tube to be located at the preset position on the ground, then enabling the connecting wire to penetrate through the light ball body, and arranging a coil at the end of the connecting wire; sleeving the movable measuring point outside the PVC pipeline, hanging a connecting wire end coil on a hook on the upper side of the movable measuring point, and hiding the redundant exposed connecting wire in the PVC pipeline; pasting a reflective sheet at the end of the PVC pipeline exposed out of the ground as an end measuring point;
(3) initial reading: measuring the height difference of the PVC pipeline end measuring point relative to the measuring datum point by using a total stationh 0(ii) a Because the end coil of the connecting wire is hung on the hook of the movable measuring point, the connecting wire is tightened to enable the movable measuring point to move downwards until the connecting wire in the pipeline is stretched straight, and the elevation difference of the movable measuring point relative to the measuring datum point at the moment is measuredH 0；
(4) And (3) measuring the deformation of the target measuring point: making a monitoring scheme according to requirements, and measuring for the 1 st time after initial reading, wherein the height differences of an end measuring point and a movable measuring point of the PVC pipeline relative to a measuring reference point are respectivelyh 1AndH 1(ii) a The height difference of the end measuring point and the movable measuring point of the PVC pipeline relative to the measuring datum point in the nth measurement is respectivelyh nAndH n；
according to the ith measurement result, the size mu of the deformation of the target measuring point relative to the datum point is as follows:
µ= H i- H 0+h i-h 0
the deformation size delta mu of the target measuring point relative to the (i-1) th measurement resultiComprises the following steps:
△µi= H i- H i-1+h i-h i-1。
2. the simple device for deep stratum deformation measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movable measuring point comprises an arc-shaped sleeve sleeved outside the PVC pipe, a hook arranged at the upper end of the arc-shaped sleeve and a second reflector adhered to the outer side of the arc-shaped sleeve.
3. The simple device for deep stratum deformation measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end point measuring point is a third reflective sheet adhered to the top end of the PVC pipe.
4. The simple device for deep stratum deformation measurement according to claim 1, wherein the PVC pipeline is formed by sleeving a PVC thin pipe on a PVC thick pipe at a position where stratum deformation is large, and the overlapping length between the PVC thin pipe and the PVC thick pipe is 10-20 cm.
5. The simplified apparatus for deep formation deformation measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement datum point is located at a position where formation deformation is stable and not affected by tunnel excavation.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connection line is a flexible line, and the flexible line is a PE fiber.
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| CN110567448A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-13 | 中铁十二局集团建筑安装工程有限公司 | Method for measuring elevation coordinates by total station |
| CN111276915B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-01-29 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Tunnel construction is with monitoring components and parts cable protection device |
| CN113432581A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 天津市勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for carrying out high-precision vault settlement observation by using precision leveling point |
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| CN101430199A (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-13 | 黄广军 | Method and apparatus for monitoring soft soil base sedimentation |
| CN103487022A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-01 | 河海大学 | Motorway soft soil roadbed settlement observation cable device |
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Inventor after: Sun Zhenchuan Inventor after: Feng Huanhuan Inventor after: You Yongfeng Inventor after: Kou Xiaolin Inventor after: Zhang Hongda Inventor after: Yang Luwei Inventor after: Sun Feixiang Inventor after: Cao Bin Inventor after: Li Fengyuan Inventor after: Zhou Jianjun Inventor after: Zhang Bing Inventor after: Yang Zhenxing Inventor after: Lv Qianqian Inventor after: Chen Ruixiang Inventor before: Sun Zhenchuan Inventor before: You Yongfeng Inventor before: Kou Xiaolin Inventor before: Zhang Hongda Inventor before: Yang Luwei Inventor before: Sun Feixiang Inventor before: Li Fengyuan Inventor before: Zhou Jianjun Inventor before: Zhang Bing Inventor before: Yang Zhenxing Inventor before: Lv Qianqian Inventor before: Chen Ruixiang Inventor before: Feng Huanhuan |
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