CN110512220A - A kind of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent and its cleaning method - Google Patents
A kind of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent and its cleaning method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110512220A CN110512220A CN201810487200.2A CN201810487200A CN110512220A CN 110512220 A CN110512220 A CN 110512220A CN 201810487200 A CN201810487200 A CN 201810487200A CN 110512220 A CN110512220 A CN 110512220A
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- Prior art keywords
- stainless steel
- steel pipe
- thermal desorption
- sodium
- detergent
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
- C23G1/19—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/032—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing oxygen-containing compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent and its cleaning method, include following component: deionized water, ethyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate and neopelex;The content of each component in every 1 liter of deionized water are as follows: sodium hydroxide 40.5-49.5g, sodium carbonate 13.5-16.5g, sodium citrate 27-33g, neopelex 2.7-3.3g, ethyl alcohol 180-220ml.The present invention is cleaned up the greasy dirt of stainless steel surface by lye, and surfactant is added, long-chain organic macromolecule is dissolved in aqueous solution;The problem of cooperating subsequent ethanol ultrasound, dilute hydrochloric acid ultrasound and sodium carbonate liquor ultrasound treatment step, the rust spot occurred after stainless steel pipe cleaning can be eliminated finally obtain the stainless steel pipe of low organic substance residues clean and with metallic luster.Present invention process is simple, for the of less demanding of material, and is easy industrialization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detergent and its cleaning method more particularly to a kind of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent
And its cleaning method.
Background technique
Stainless steel has the characteristics that good corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity, is used in every field, and stainless steel is being processed
Greasy dirt can be generated during at pipe fitting, stain of becoming rusty.After the prior art cleans stainless steel pipe, using effect is undesirable,
Finish is poor.Many researchers are optimized the cleaning process of stainless steel, such as patent document CN106521525A
Entitled " a kind of stainless steel surface treating agent and preparation method thereof, application method " use nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, triethylene glycol, Wu Luo
A series of surfactants such as tropine and fatty acid ester material mixing at surface treating agent stainless steel material is carried out it is primary
Processing.Entitled " stainless steel cleaner material compositions, stainless steel cleaner and its preparation side of patent document CN105839119B
Method and application " use nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, lauric acid diethyl amide, triethanolamine oleate, benzotriazole, carboxymethyl cellulose,
The surface treating agent that citric acid and water are mixed into cleans stainless steel material.
The prior art can be cleaner by the cleaning of the spot of stainless steel surface, but still can not be clear for the inside of pipe fitting
Clean clean, the especially stainless steel tube that uses of thermal desorption is more demanding for the organic substance residues of tube surface, at present by clear
The pipe fitting washed still has the residual of a large amount of long-chain organic matters to see Fig. 2 when detecting through thermal desorption, this may be due to existing stainless
Steel cleaning agent has used a large amount of long-chain organic matter detergent, so how to be cleaned to obtain low organic matter to stainless steel tube residual
Staying the cleaning effect limpid with any surface finish is the technical problem for needing to solve.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent and its cleaning side
Method can obtain the stainless steel pipe of low organic substance residues, can substantially reduce the organic substance residues of thermal desorption pipe itself, reduce
The ageing time of thermal desorption pipe.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem and the technical solution adopted is that provide a kind of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe
Detergent includes following component: deionized water, ethyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate and neopelex.
Above-mentioned thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent, wherein every 1 liter of deionized water, the content of each component are as follows: hydrogen
Sodium oxide molybdena 40.5-49.5g, sodium carbonate 13.5-16.5g, sodium citrate 27-33g, neopelex 2.7-3.3g, second
Alcohol 180-220ml.
Above-mentioned thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent, wherein every 1 liter of deionized water, the content of each component are as follows: hydrogen
Sodium oxide molybdena 45g, sodium carbonate 15g, sodium citrate 30g, neopelex 3g, ethyl alcohol 200ml.
The present invention also provides a kind of cleaning method of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe, S1 to solve above-mentioned technical problem) it will
Stainless steel pipe is fully immersed in above-mentioned detergent, and controlled at 60-70 DEG C, the processing time is 5 hours;It S2) will cleaning
Stainless steel pipe taking-up afterwards is put into ethyl alcohol, is ultrasonically treated 30 minutes, for cleaning the minimal residue organic matter of steel tube surface;
S3) stainless steel pipe is put into dilute hydrochloric acid solution, is ultrasonically treated 30 minutes, processing is passivated to steel tube surface, prevents from becoming rusty
The appearance of stain;S4) stainless steel pipe is put into sodium carbonate liquor, is ultrasonically treated 30 minutes, steel tube surface hydrochloric acid is neutralized;S5)
Stainless steel pipe is completely soaked in deionized water after the heating, is ultrasonically treated 15 minutes;S6) it is repeated 3 times step S5), it is thorough
Bottom washes away the residual of sodium carbonate;S7) stainless steel pipe is put into baking oven, controlled at 50-60 DEG C, processing time 8-12 is small
When.
The cleaning method of above-mentioned thermal desorption stainless steel pipe, wherein the process for preparation of the detergent is as follows: first will
Sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium citrate are dissolved in deionized water according to predetermined concentration, and dissolution is mixed thoroughly to form water
Solution;Neopelex is added in ethyl alcohol again, dissolves and forms alcoholic solution completely;Finally aqueous solution and alcoholic solution are mixed
It closes uniformly, obtains thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent.
The cleaning method of above-mentioned thermal desorption stainless steel pipe, wherein the sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium citrate
After deionized water is added, processing method is to be added during aqueous solution to be stirred continuously deionized water with glass plate, and total material is put
The vessel equipped with aqueous solution are put into ultrasonic dissolution in ultrasonic cleaning machine after entering;Ethyl alcohol is added in neopelex again
In, finally the vessel equipped with the alcoholic solution are put into ultrasonic cleaning machine and are dissolved.
The cleaning method of above-mentioned thermal desorption stainless steel pipe, wherein the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 10ml/L,
The concentration of the sodium carbonate liquor is 10g/L.
The cleaning method of above-mentioned thermal desorption stainless steel pipe, wherein further include following detecting step: first aging steel
Pipe reuses thermal desorption combination gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and carries out organic substance residues detection to the steel pipe after cleaning.
The present invention, which compares the prior art, to be had following the utility model has the advantages that thermal desorption provided by the invention is washed with stainless steel pipe
Agent and its cleaning method are cleaned up the greasy dirt of stainless steel surface by lye, and it is organic by long-chain that surfactant is added
Macromolecular is dissolved in aqueous solution;Cooperate subsequent ethanol ultrasound, dilute hydrochloric acid ultrasound and sodium carbonate liquor ultrasound treatment step can be with
The problem of eliminating the rust spot occurred after stainless steel pipe cleaning finally obtains stainless steel pipe clean and with metallic luster.
Present invention process is simple, for the of less demanding of material, and is easy industrialization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is thermal desorption stainless steel pipe cleaning process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is obtained steel pipe GC-MS chromatogram after general cleaning step.
Fig. 3 is that the steel pipe of stainless steel pipe detergent preferably one of the present invention washes rear GC-MS chromatogram.
Fig. 4 is that the steel pipe of stainless steel pipe detergent preferably two of the present invention washes rear GC-MS chromatogram.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Thermal desorption provided by the invention stainless steel pipe detergent, including deionized water, ethyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, carbonic acid
Sodium, sodium citrate, neopelex;The configuration proportion of each substance preferably one is as follows:
Every 1 liter of deionized water, the concentration of contained each substance are as follows: sodium hydroxide 40.5-49.5g/L, sodium carbonate 13.5-
16.5g/L, sodium citrate 27-33g/L, neopelex 2.7-3.3g/L, ethyl alcohol 180-220ml/L.It prepares above-mentioned
The step of detergent is: by sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium citrate are dissolved in deionized water, and dissolution is mixed thoroughly shape
At aqueous solution.Neopelex is added in ethyl alcohol, dissolves and forms alcoholic solution completely;Aqueous solution and alcoholic solution are mixed
Uniformly.The present invention dexterously selects above-mentioned mixed component to carry out washing steel pipes to be made so that the inner wall of steel pipe also can be cleaned thoroughly
Organic substance residues detection is carried out to by the steel pipe after cleaning with thermal desorption combination gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), testing result is such as
Shown in Fig. 3.Within retention time 35min, the stainless steel tube that the general cleaning method of Fig. 2 obtains has the impurity of many organic matters
Peak, and peak intensity is also higher, is especially all the substance peak of the organic matter of long-chain at the retention time of 30min or so.And it passes through
It crosses organic substance residues of the stainless steel tube after preferred embodiment one cleans before 35min and there was only several small impurity peaks peak intensities very
It is small.
In order to further decrease organic substance residues, the configuration proportion of each substance preferably two is as follows:
Every 1 liter of deionized water, the concentration of contained each substance are as follows: sodium hydroxide 45g/L, sodium carbonate 15g/L, sodium citrate
30g/L, neopelex 3g/L, ethyl alcohol 200ml/L.The step of preparing above-mentioned detergent is: by sodium hydroxide, carbonic acid
Sodium and sodium citrate are weighed according to corresponding concentration to be dissolved in deionized water, and dissolution is mixed thoroughly to form aqueous solution.It will
The neopelex of corresponding amount is added in ethyl alcohol, dissolves and forms alcoholic solution completely;By resulting aqueous solution and alcoholic solution
It is uniformly mixed, as preferred thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent.Then after using thermal desorption-GC-MS method to cleaning
Steel pipe carry out organic substance residues detection, testing result is as shown in Figure 4.
Detergent clearly stainless steel tube detecting before 35min without organic substance residues is prepared according to preferably two scheme,
Chromatogram 4 can be seen that only baseline, and the minimal residue positive effect of comparison diagram 3 is more preferably.Below implement example to the present invention into
Row detailed description.Wherein, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, neopelex, ethyl alcohol, hydrochloric acid are commercially available normal
Advise chemicals.
Embodiment 1
(1) it by 121.5g sodium hydroxide, 40.5g sodium carbonate, 81g sodium citrate and the mixing of 3L water, is obtained after dissolution water-soluble
Liquid;
(2) 8.1g neopelex and 540ml ethyl alcohol are mixed, obtains alcoholic solution after dissolution;
By aqueous solution and alcoholic solution ultrasonic mixing, stainless steel detergent is obtained.
Embodiment 2
(1) it by 148.5g sodium hydroxide, 49.5g sodium carbonate, 99g sodium citrate and the mixing of 3L water, is obtained after dissolution water-soluble
Liquid;
(2) 9.9g neopelex and 660ml ethyl alcohol are mixed, obtains alcoholic solution after dissolution;
By aqueous solution and alcoholic solution ultrasonic mixing, stainless steel detergent is obtained.
Embodiment 3
(1) by 135g sodium hydroxide, 45g sodium carbonate, 90g sodium citrate and the mixing of 3L water, aqueous solution is obtained after dissolution;
(2) 9g neopelex and 600ml ethyl alcohol are mixed, obtains alcoholic solution after dissolution;
By aqueous solution and alcoholic solution ultrasonic mixing, stainless steel detergent is obtained.
Referring to Figure 1, the preparation of above-described stainless steel detergent and cleaning method, follow the steps below:
By sodium hydroxide, after sodium carbonate and sodium citrate addition deionized water, processing method is added during aqueous solution
It is stirred continuously deionized water with glass plate, the vessel equipped with aqueous solution are put into ultrasonic cleaning machine ultrasonic by total material after being put into
Dissolution;Neopelex is added in ethyl alcohol again, the vessel equipped with the alcoholic solution are put into ultrasonic cleaning machine and are dissolved;
Dissolution is the dissolution time that can save sodium carbonate and sodium citrate respectively.
It will be put into thermal desorption stainless steel pipe in configured stainless steel detergent mixture, guarantees all pipe fittings quilt
Submergence, treatment temperature are 60-70 DEG C, and the processing time is 5 hours.
It by stainless steel detergent treated stainless steel pipe, is put into 3L ethyl alcohol, is ultrasonically treated after draining detergent
30 minutes, for cleaning the minimal residue organic matter of steel tube surface.
It pipettes 30ml hydrochloric acid to be added into 3L deionized water, is configured to the dilute hydrochloric acid solution of 10ml/L, will surpass by ethyl alcohol
Stainless steel pipe after sound is put into 10ml/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, is ultrasonically treated 30 minutes, is passivated processing to steel tube surface,
Prevent the appearance of rust stain.
It weighs 30g sodium carbonate to be dissolved in 3L deionized water, is configured to the sodium carbonate liquor of 10g/L, it will be dilute by 10ml/L
Stainless steel pipe after HCl treatment is put into 10g/L sodium carbonate liquor, is ultrasonically treated 30 minutes, and steel tube surface hydrochloric acid is neutralized.
Heating deionized water, 60-70 DEG C of heating temperature;It will treated that stainless steel pipe is put by 10ml/L dilute hydrochloric acid
In deionized water after heating, deionized water needs to flood pipe fitting, ultrasound 15 minutes.Repeating " will be by 10ml/L dilute hydrochloric acid
Stainless steel pipe after reason is put into the deionized water after heating, and deionized water needs to flood pipe fitting, ultrasound 15 minutes " operation 3
It is secondary;Repeated operation is the residual in order to thoroughly wash away sodium carbonate.
Stainless steel pipe after deionized water ultrasonic treatment after entering heating is put into baking oven, controlled at
It 50-60 DEG C, handles time 8-12 hours.
Steel pipe after cleaning is subjected to thermal desorption-GC-MS detection.
Gas chromatograph, Trace 1300;
Mass spectrograph: the mono- level four bars mass spectrograph of ISQ QD;
Thermal desorption device: MARKES TD100-XR;
Chromatographic column is CD-1MS, 60m × 0.32mm × 1.0 μm;
1) aging procedure is as follows:
2) thermal desorption instrument condition
3) gas chromatograph reference conditions
Column flow: 1.5ml/min;
Temperature program:
35 DEG C of initial temperature, keep 5min;
6 DEG C/min is warming up to 140 DEG C, keeps 2min;
15 DEG C/min is warming up to 220 DEG C, keeps 3min.
Mass Spectrometry Conditions
Scanning mode: it sweeps entirely;
Scanning range: 4.5min, 33-180amu,
6min, 33-270amu
Transmission line temperature: 300 DEG C;
Ion source temperature: 300 DEG C.
Cleaning process described above is characterized in that removing the greasy dirt on stainless steel pipe surface;Stainless steel pipe is carried out blunt
Change processing and prevents stainless steel pipe surface from generating rust stain.The technique is applied to the clear of the related stainless steel fitting of thermal desorption pipe
In washing, and wash result is detected using mass spectrometry method, it is ensured that stainless steel tube and related accessory organic matter sheet
The residual at bottom substantially reduces, and is conducive to the performance for improving product, reduces ageing time.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, however, it is not to limit the invention, any this field skill
Art personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can make a little modification and perfect therefore of the invention protection model
It encloses to work as and subject to the definition of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent, which is characterized in that include following component: deionized water, ethyl alcohol, hydrogen-oxygen
Change sodium, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate and neopelex.
2. thermal desorption as described in claim 1 stainless steel pipe detergent, which is characterized in that every 1 liter of deionized water, respectively
The content of component are as follows: sodium hydroxide 40.5-49.5g, sodium carbonate 13.5-16.5g, sodium citrate 27-33g, detergent alkylate sulphur
Sour sodium 2.7-3.3g, ethyl alcohol 180-220ml.
3. thermal desorption as claimed in claim 2 stainless steel pipe detergent, which is characterized in that every 1 liter of deionized water, respectively
The content of component are as follows: sodium hydroxide 45g, sodium carbonate 15g, sodium citrate 30g, neopelex 3g, ethyl alcohol 200ml.
4. a kind of cleaning method of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe, which comprises the steps of:
S1) stainless steel pipe is fully immersed in detergent as described in any one of claims 1-3, controlled at 60-
70 DEG C, the processing time is 5 hours;
S2) the stainless steel pipe taking-up after cleaning is put into ethyl alcohol, is ultrasonically treated 30 minutes, for cleaning the micro- of steel tube surface
Measure residual organic matter;
S3) stainless steel pipe is put into dilute hydrochloric acid solution, is ultrasonically treated 30 minutes, processing is passivated to steel tube surface, is prevented
The appearance for stain of only becoming rusty;
S4) stainless steel pipe is put into sodium carbonate liquor, is ultrasonically treated 30 minutes, steel tube surface hydrochloric acid is neutralized;
S5) stainless steel pipe is completely soaked in deionized water after the heating, is ultrasonically treated 15 minutes;
S6) it is repeated 3 times step S5), thoroughly wash away the residual of sodium carbonate;
S7) stainless steel pipe is put into baking oven, controlled at 50-60 DEG C, is handled time 8-12 hours.
5. the cleaning method of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the detergent is matched
Process processed is as follows:
First sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium citrate are dissolved in deionized water according to predetermined concentration, dissolution is thoroughly mixed
Even formation aqueous solution;Neopelex is added in ethyl alcohol again, dissolves and forms alcoholic solution completely;Finally by aqueous solution and
Alcoholic solution is uniformly mixed, and obtains thermal desorption stainless steel pipe detergent.
6. the cleaning method of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the sodium hydroxide,
After deionized water is added in sodium carbonate and sodium citrate, processing method be during aqueous solution is added with glass plate be stirred continuously from
Sub- water, total material will be put into ultrasonic dissolution in ultrasonic cleaning machine equipped with the vessel of aqueous solution after being put into;Again by detergent alkylate
Sodium sulfonate is added in ethyl alcohol, and finally the vessel equipped with the alcoholic solution are put into ultrasonic cleaning machine and are dissolved.
7. the cleaning method of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the dilute hydrochloric acid solution
Concentration be 10ml/L, the concentration of the sodium carbonate liquor is 10g/L.
8. the cleaning method of thermal desorption stainless steel pipe as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that further include detecting as follows
Step: first aging steel pipe reuses thermal desorption combination gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and carries out organic matter to the steel pipe after cleaning
Residue detection.
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CN106894029A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy cleaning agent and preparation method thereof and aluminium alloy cleaning method |
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RU2101384C1 (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1998-01-10 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "РОЛТОМ" | Method and apparatus for cleaning and preserving metal objects |
CN101632353A (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2010-01-27 | 青岛星牌作物科学有限公司 | Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate aqueous solution and preparation method thereof and application thereof |
CN102343217A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-02-08 | 石家庄开发区德赛化工有限公司 | Ultrafiltration membrane alkaline cleaner |
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