CN110509797B - AC-DC charger for electric automobile - Google Patents

AC-DC charger for electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110509797B
CN110509797B CN201910885386.1A CN201910885386A CN110509797B CN 110509797 B CN110509797 B CN 110509797B CN 201910885386 A CN201910885386 A CN 201910885386A CN 110509797 B CN110509797 B CN 110509797B
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Prior art keywords
cpu
output
power supply
charging
gnd
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CN201910885386.1A
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CN110509797A (en
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丁左武
倪永娟
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Nanjing Dingbo Controller Co ltd
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Nanjing Duozi Control Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an AC-DC charger for an electric vehicle, which comprises an AC-DC rectifying circuit and a DC-DC output voltage value control circuit, wherein the AC-DC rectifying circuit rectifies an alternating current single-phase power supply or an alternating current three-phase power supply into direct current; the collectors of the IGBTs are connected in parallel and then connected with the rectified direct current positive electrode, and the charging socket is connected between the emitter of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative electrode; a plurality of charging-side freewheeling diodes connected in parallel are connected between the emitter of each IGBT and the rectified dc negative electrode. An anti-reverse charging diode and an inductor are connected in series between the emitting electrode of each IGBT and the charging socket, capacitors are connected in parallel at two ends of the charging socket, and a pull-down resistor is connected in series between the emitting electrode of each IGBT and the direct current negative electrode. The charger is low in manufacturing cost and high in charging reliability and efficiency.

Description

AC-DC charger for electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to a charger, in particular to an AC-DC charger for an electric automobile, and belongs to the technical field of chargers for electric automobiles.
Background
With the popularization of electric vehicles, the demand of chargers thereof is increasing. The traditional electric automobile charger adopts two modes, one mode is that a high-frequency transformer is used for AC-DC power supply conversion, a high-power IGBT is used for controlling charging current, the switching frequency of the IGBT in the charger is too high and exceeds 1KHZ, the power consumption of the IGBT is higher, the charger generates heat seriously and has higher self temperature rise, thereby not only wasting energy but also influencing safety.
The other type is that a power frequency transformer is used for carrying out alternating current AC-direct current DC power supply conversion, a high-power IGBT is also used for controlling charging current, although the switching frequency of the IGBT is very low and is 100HZ, the power frequency transformer is too large in size, too large in mass, too high in cost, large in occupied space and inconvenient to take and place.
In addition, the inherent copper loss and iron loss of the transformer cause the low conversion efficiency of the charger and the high charging operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide an AC-DC charger for an electric automobile, which omits a high-frequency transformer or a power frequency transformer, has low manufacturing cost and high charging efficiency and is controllable in charging current.
IN order to solve the technical problem, the AC-DC charger for the electric automobile comprises an AC-DC rectifying circuit and a DC-DC output voltage value control circuit, wherein the AC-DC rectifying circuit rectifies an alternating current single-phase power supply or an alternating current three-phase power supply into direct current, the DC-DC output voltage value control circuit comprises a CPU, a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU is connected with an input end of an optical coupler G1, an output end of the optical coupler G1 is connected with a control pulse input end U4-IN of a driving module U4, and driving pulse output ends U4-HO of the driving module are respectively connected with grids of IGBTs; the collector electrodes of the IGBTs are connected in parallel and then connected with a rectified direct current positive electrode VIN +, and the charging socket CZ is connected between the emitter electrodes of the IGBTs and a rectified direct current negative electrode VIN-; a plurality of charging side freewheeling diodes which are mutually connected in parallel are connected between the emitter of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative pole VIN-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the plug-in connection of the charging plug of the storage battery XDCH and the charging socket CZ adopts an anti-plug structure, the charging current of the storage battery for the automobile is large and can reach more than 100A, and two ends of the storage battery XDCH are connected with high-power automobile electrical appliances such as an air conditioner, a fan, a compressor, a headlamp, a loudspeaker and the like in parallel; although the rated charging current of a single IGBT can reach 150A, the heat dissipation of the IGBT in practical application cannot reach the optimal state; the pins of the IGBT can not bear large current for a long time; the excessive current causes the internal resistance of the IGBT to generate heat seriously. The heat generated during the turn-on and turn-off of the IGBT seriously affects the safe operation of the controller. The invention adopts a plurality of IGBTn 1, IGBTn 2 to IGBTn which are connected in parallel to control the charging current, and adopts a plurality of charging side freewheeling diodes EJG, EJG to EJGn which are connected in parallel to carry out freewheeling. An MC9S12XS128MAA single chip microcomputer can be used as a control system CPU of the AC-DC charger. When the IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn are turned off, the self-induction current generated by the self-induced electromotive force of the load connected to the charging socket CZ can be consumed inside the load by the charging-side freewheel diodes EJG, EJG to EJGn. A duty ratio signal output by a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU is isolated by high voltage and low voltage of an optical coupler G1 and is sent to a control pulse input end U4-IN of a driving module U4, after the duty ratio signal is amplified by the driving module U4 and is output by a driving pulse output end U4-HO, and after current limiting is carried out by current limiting resistors XLR1, XLR2 to XLRn, the duty ratios of IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn are controlled, so that the rated voltage requirement of the charging socket CZ is met. The charger omits a commonly used high-frequency transformer or power-frequency transformer, eliminates copper loss and iron loss caused by the transformer, controls the switching frequency of the IGBT below 200HZ, and has small switching power consumption, small heat productivity, high electric energy conversion rate and high charging efficiency.
As the improvement of the invention, a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of a CPU is connected with an input anode of an optocoupler G1 through a current limiting resistor R1, an input cathode of the optocoupler G1 is connected with a CPU-GND, and a pull-down resistor R2 is connected between the input anode and the input cathode of the optocoupler G1; a collector at the output end of the optocoupler G1 is connected with a +15V power supply, an emitter at the output end of the optocoupler G1 is connected with a control pulse input end U4-IN of the driving module U4, the control pulse input end U4-IN is connected with a driving ground end QD-GND through a pull-down resistor R3, and the output end of the optocoupler G1 is connected with a fly-wheel diode D1 IN parallel; the driving module U4 is characterized in that a working power supply end U4-Vcc of a driving module U4 is connected with a +15V power supply, an input ground end U4-COM of the driving module U4 is connected with a driving ground end QD-GND and is connected with a +15V power supply through a capacitor C1, the upper end of a charging socket CZ is connected with an output-level reference ground end U4-Vs, the output-level reference ground end U4-Vs is connected with an output-level working power supply end U4-VB through a capacitor C2, and the output-level working power supply end U4-VB is connected with the +15V power supply through a diode D2; and a resistor R4 and a capacitor C3 are connected in series between the emitter of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative electrode VIN-. A duty ratio signal output by a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU is limited by a current limiting resistor R1 and then is transmitted to an input end of an optical coupler G1, when a pull-down resistor R2 ensures that the CPU-PWM1 outputs a logic level '0', the level of the input end of the optical coupler G1 is also logic '0', and a light emitting diode ensures that the light emitting diode can be reliably cut off; when the voltage of the control pulse input end U4-IN of the driving module U4 is suddenly increased, the freewheeling diode D1 carries out freewheeling; the capacitor C1 is used as a voltage stabilizing capacitor, and the capacitor C2 and the diode D2 form a bootstrap circuit to generate VB voltage; the resistor R4 and the capacitor C3 form a tank circuit. After the drive module U4 amplifies the duty ratio signals input by the control pulse input end U4-IN, the same duty ratio is output by the drive pulse output end U4-HO to control the on-off of the IGBT1, the IGBT2 and the IGBTn.
As a further improvement of the invention, an anti-reverse charging diode group and an inductor L4 are connected in series between the emitter of each IGBT and the charging socket CZ, the anti-reverse charging diode group comprises a plurality of anti-reverse charging diodes which are connected in parallel, two ends of the charging socket CZ are connected in parallel with a capacitor C4, and a pull-down resistor R5 is connected in series between the emitter of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative electrode VIN-. The plurality of anti-reverse charging diodes DF1 to DFn connected in parallel with each other can pass a large charging current, and when each IGBT is turned off, the reverse charging of the secondary battery XDCH can be prevented. The inductor L4 filters the charging voltage, and the capacitor C4 plays a role in voltage stabilization, so that the stability of the CZ terminal voltage of the charging socket can be improved. The pull-down resistor R5 is large in resistance value and low in power consumption, when each IGBT is cut off, the charge of the G point is released completely through the resistor R5, and the G point becomes low potential; when the IGBT is conducted, the potential of the G point becomes high; and the high potential and the low potential of the G point are changed, so that the driving module U4 can work normally.
As a further improvement of the invention, a charging voltage detection circuit is connected between the upper end of the charging socket CZ and the CPU-GND, the charging voltage detection circuit comprises a direct current voltage isolation sensor U6 and a single power supply operational buffer amplifier U7, the upper end of the charging socket CZ is connected to the input end of the direct current voltage isolation sensor U6 through a voltage division resistor R7 and a voltage division resistor R8 which are connected in series, the output end of the direct current voltage isolation sensor U6 is connected with the input end of the single power supply operational buffer amplifier U7 through a current limiting resistor, and the output end OUT of the single power supply operational buffer amplifier U7 is connected with the PAD2 port of the CPU. Because the voltage of the point H of the voltage detection point is higher, the CPU can not directly read the voltage value of the point H, and the voltage is divided by using the voltage dividing resistor R7 and the voltage dividing resistor R8, so that the voltage value between the No. 2 pin and the No. 4 pin of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6 meets the requirement of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor on the input voltage value; the isolation of the high voltage at point H from the low voltage used by the CPU is achieved by a dc voltage isolation sensor U6. The voltage stabilizer MC7805 provides a +5V power supply for the input side of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6; the input ground of the 4 th pin of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6 is isolated from the CPU-GND, so that the influence of the high-voltage ground on the CPU-GND is avoided. The single power supply operational buffer amplifier U7 amplifies the detected voltage signal value, and then sends the amplified voltage signal value to the PAD2 port of the CPU from the OUT port, the CPU reads the PAD2 value, calculates the terminal voltage of the storage battery XDCH and provides the terminal voltage to the CPU, the CPU outputs an initial PWM wave to control the duty ratio output by the IGBT, and according to a PID algorithm, in the highest charging voltage range, the PWM duty ratio is adjusted according to the charging current detected by the current sensor. When the terminal voltage of the storage battery XDCH reaches the rated charging voltage, the charging is full, the PWM duty ratio is changed to 0, the storage battery stands still for 10 minutes, and trickle charging is carried out.
As a further improvement of the invention, the phase voltage of the alternating current power supply is connected to the input end of the multi-path output AC-DC converter, and a capacitor C5 is connected between the input ends of the multi-path output AC-DC converter; the output cathode I VO 1-of the multi-output AC-DC converter is connected with the CPU-GND, and the output anode I VO1+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter provides +5V power supply for the CPU; an output cathode two VO 2-of the multi-output AC-DC converter is connected with a driving ground end QD-GND, and an output anode two VO2+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter provides a +15V power supply for a driving module U4; the rectified direct current negative electrode VIN-is connected with a driving ground end QD-GND through an inductor L5; a fly-wheel diode D5 is connected between an output cathode VO 1-and an output anode VO1+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter, an inductor L6 is connected in series between an output anode VO1+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter and a CPU +5V power supply, and a capacitor C6 and a capacitor C7 are connected in parallel between the CPU +5V power supply and a CPU-GND power supply; a fly-wheel diode D6 is connected between an output cathode two VO 2-and an output anode two VO2+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter, an inductor L7 is connected in series between an output anode two VO2+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter and a driving module +15V power supply, and a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C9 are connected in parallel between the driving module +15V power supply and a driving ground end QD-GND. The power supply voltage used by the CPU is +5V, and the power supply voltage used by the driving module U4 is +15V; a multi-output AC-DC converter is used to provide +5V and +15V power. If the power supply is a single-phase 220V alternating current power supply, the power supply can be directly connected to the input end of the multi-output AC-DC converter. In the case of a three-phase alternating current power supply, the A phase can be connected with Vi at the input end of the multi-output AC-DC converter, and the rectified direct current negative pole VIN is connected with N at the input end of the multi-output AC-DC converter. The capacitor C5 plays a role in stabilizing voltage, and the inductor L5 can reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the rectified direct-current voltage on the drive module QD-GND. The inductor L6, the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7 form a filter circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit of the +5V power supply, so that the voltage of the +5V power supply of the CPU can be more stable, and when the voltage of the CPU-GND suddenly rises, the freewheeling diode D5 freewheels. The inductor L7, the capacitor C8 and the capacitor C9 form a filter circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit of a +15V power supply, so that the voltage of the +15V power supply of the driving module U4 can be more stable, and when the voltage of the driving ground end QD-GND suddenly rises, the freewheeling diode D6 carries out freewheeling.
As a further improvement of the invention, the circuit board is provided with a temperature sensor T1, the temperature signal output end of the temperature sensor T1 is connected with a PAD0 port of the CPU, a pull-up resistor R13 is connected in series between the PAD0 port and the CPU +5V power supply, the grounding end of the temperature sensor T1 is connected with the CPU-GND, and a capacitor C10 is arranged between the PAD0 port of the CPU and the CPU-GND. T1 of the temperature sensor is a negative temperature coefficient, the resistance value at 100 ℃ is 4.52k omega, and the resistance value at 20 ℃ is 42.16k omega; the CPU reads the PAD0 value, the temperature value of the circuit board can be calculated through an interpolation method, if the temperature of the circuit board is too high, the duty ratio output by a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU can be 0/4, and the charger stops charging.
As a further improvement of the invention, a current sensor H1 is arranged between the inductor L4 and the positive electrode of the charging socket CZ, and the current signal output end of the current sensor H1 is connected with the PAD1 port of the CPU. The current sensor H1 detects the charging current of the storage battery and supplies the charging current to the CPU, and the CPU reads the value of PAD1 and adjusts the PWM duty ratio.
As a further improvement of the invention, a key switch CZ1 is arranged on the charging socket CZ, one end of a normally open contact of the key switch CZ1 is connected with a CPU-GND, the other end of the normally open contact of the key switch CZ1 is connected with a PJ6 port of the CPU, and the PJ6 port of the CPU is connected with a CPU +5V power supply through a pull-up resistor R6. Before the key switch CZ1 is not pressed, the PJ6 port of the CPU is logic "1". After the key switch CZ1 is pressed down, the metal sheet on the back of the key conducts the two spring sheets, the PJ6 port of the CPU is grounded to be logic '0', the CPU obtains a charging starting signal, a duty ratio signal output by a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU controls duty ratios from IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn, and the charging of the storage battery is started to be controlled.
As a further improvement of the invention, the AC-DC rectification circuit is provided with a A, B, C three-phase input end, and is connected with a rectified direct current positive pole VIN + and a rectified direct current negative pole VIN-through a three-phase bridge rectification and fuse RX; the input end of the phase A is connected with an inductor L1 in series, the input end of the phase B is connected with an inductor L2 in series, and the input end of the phase C is connected with an inductor L3 in series. When the AC power supply is single-phase power, it is connected to two input terminals A, B. When the alternating current power supply is three-phase power, the alternating current power supply is connected with a A, B, C three-phase input end, and a three-phase bridge rectifier circuit is formed by a rectifier diode DZ1 to a rectifier diode DZ 6. The inductor L1, the inductor L2 and the inductor L3 can prevent the charger from causing interference to other electrical appliances in the circuit in the charging process.
As a further improvement of the invention, the charger is also provided with a storage battery voltage value display circuit, the storage battery voltage value display circuit comprises a first data latch U1, a second data latch U2 and a third data latch U3, the data input ends of the first data latch U1, the second data latch U2 and the third data latch U3 are respectively connected with PB0, PB1 to PB7 ends of the CPU, the data output ends of the first data latch U1, the second data latch U2 and the third data latch U3 are respectively connected with a storage battery voltage display nixie tube, the chip selection input end of the first data latch U1 is connected with a PA0 port of the CPU, the chip selection input end of the second data latch U2 is connected with a PA1 port of the CPU, and the chip selection input end of the third data latch U3 is connected with a PA2 port of the CPU. The CPU sends the calculated voltage value of the storage battery to the data input ends of the first data latch U1, the second data latch U2 and the third data latch U3 through ports PB0, PB1 to PB7, a PA0 port of the CPU controls the chip selection input end of the first data latch U1, a PA1 port controls the chip selection input end of the second data latch U2, and a PA2 port controls the chip selection input end of the third data latch U3, so that the voltage value of the storage battery is displayed by the storage battery voltage display nixie tube and is directly observed by a person.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and detailed description, which are provided for reference and illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an AC-DC rectifier circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for displaying the voltage value of the storage battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC output voltage value control circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the charging voltage detection circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure and wiring of the key switch on the charging socket according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the +5V/+15V power supply for the control system of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the temperature detection circuit of the circuit board of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the CPU according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the AC-DC charger for an electric vehicle according to the present invention includes an AC-DC rectifying circuit that rectifies an alternating-current single-phase power supply or an alternating-current three-phase power supply into a direct current. The AC-DC rectifying circuit is provided with a A, B, C three-phase input end and is connected with a rectified direct current positive pole VIN + and a rectified direct current negative pole VIN-through a three-phase bridge type rectifying and fuse RX; the input end of the phase A is connected with an inductor L1 in series, the input end of the phase B is connected with an inductor L2 in series, and the input end of the phase C is connected with an inductor L3 in series.
When the AC power supply is single-phase power, the power supply is connected with two input ends A, B. When the alternating current power supply is three-phase power, the three-phase power supply is connected with a A, B, C three-phase input end, and a three-phase bridge rectifier circuit is formed by a rectifier diode DZ1 to a rectifier diode DZ 6. The inductor L1, the inductor L2 and the inductor L3 can prevent the charger from causing interference to other electrical appliances in the circuit in the charging process.
As shown in fig. 2, the charger is provided with a storage battery voltage value display circuit, the storage battery voltage value display circuit comprises a first data latch U1, a second data latch U2 and a third data latch U3, data input ends of the first data latch U1, the second data latch U2 and the third data latch U3 are respectively connected with PB0, PB1 to PB7 ends of the CPU, data output ends of the first data latch U1, the second data latch U2 and the third data latch U3 are respectively connected with a storage battery voltage display digital tube, a chip selection input end of the first data latch U1 is connected with a PA0 port of the CPU, a chip selection input end of the second data latch U2 is connected with a PA1 port of the CPU, and a chip selection input end of the third data latch U3 is connected with a PA2 port of the CPU.
The CPU sends the calculated voltage value of the storage battery to the data input ends of the first data latch U1, the second data latch U2 and the third data latch U3 through ports PB0, PB1 to PB7, a PA0 port of the CPU controls the chip selection input end of the first data latch U1, a PA1 port controls the chip selection input end of the second data latch U2, and a PA2 port controls the chip selection input end of the third data latch U3, so that the voltage value of the storage battery is displayed by the storage battery voltage display nixie tube and is directly observed by a person.
As shown IN fig. 3 and 8, the DC-DC output voltage value control circuit includes a CPU, a pulse width modulation signal output terminal CPU-PWM1 of the CPU is connected to an input terminal of an optocoupler G1, an output terminal of the optocoupler G1 is connected to a control pulse input terminal U4-IN of a driving module U4, and driving pulse output terminals U4-HO of the driving module are respectively connected to gates of the IGBTs; the collector electrodes of the IGBTs are connected in parallel and then connected with a rectified direct current positive electrode VIN +, and the charging socket CZ is connected between the emitter electrodes of the IGBTs and a rectified direct current negative electrode VIN-; a plurality of charging side freewheeling diodes which are mutually connected in parallel are connected between the emitter of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative pole VIN-.
The plug-in connection of the charging plug of the storage battery XDCH and the charging socket CZ adopts an anti-plug structure, the charging current of the storage battery for the automobile is large and can reach more than 100A, and two ends of the storage battery XDCH are connected with high-power automobile electrical appliances such as an air conditioner, a fan, a compressor, a headlamp, a loudspeaker and the like in parallel; although the rated charging current of a single IGBT can reach 150A, the heat dissipation of the IGBT in practical application cannot reach the optimal state; the pins of the IGBT cannot bear large current for a long time; the excessive current causes the internal resistance of the IGBT to heat up seriously. The heat generated during the turn-on and turn-off of the IGBT seriously affects the safe operation of the controller. The invention adopts a plurality of IGBTn 1, IGBTn 2 to IGBTn which are connected in parallel to control the charging current, and adopts a plurality of charging side freewheeling diodes EJG, EJG to EJGn which are connected in parallel to carry out freewheeling.
An MC9S12XS128MAA single chip microcomputer can be used as a control system CPU of the AC-DC charger. When the IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn are turned off, the self-induction current generated by the self-induced electromotive force of the load connected to the charging socket CZ can be consumed inside the load by the charging-side freewheel diodes EJG, EJG to EJGn. A duty ratio signal output by a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU is isolated by high voltage and low voltage of an optical coupler G1 and is sent to a control pulse input end U4-IN of a driving module U4, after the duty ratio signal is amplified by the driving module U4 and is output by a driving pulse output end U4-HO, and after current limiting is carried out by current limiting resistors XLR1, XLR2 to XLRn, the duty ratios of IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn are controlled, so that the rated voltage requirement of the charging socket CZ is met.
A pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU is connected with an input anode of an optocoupler G1 through a current limiting resistor R1, an input cathode of the optocoupler G1 is connected with a CPU-GND, and a pull-down resistor R2 is connected between the input anode and the input cathode of the optocoupler G1; a collector at the output end of the optocoupler G1 is connected with a +15V power supply, an emitter at the output end of the optocoupler G1 is connected with a control pulse input end U4-IN of the driving module U4, the control pulse input end U4-IN is connected with a driving ground end QD-GND through a pull-down resistor R3, and the output end of the optocoupler G1 is connected with a fly-wheel diode D1 IN parallel; the driving module U4 is characterized in that a working power supply end U4-Vcc of a driving module U4 is connected with a +15V power supply, an input ground end U4-COM of the driving module U4 is connected with a driving ground end QD-GND and is connected with a +15V power supply through a capacitor C1, the upper end of a charging socket CZ is connected with an output-level reference ground end U4-Vs, the output-level reference ground end U4-Vs is connected with an output-level working power supply end U4-VB through a capacitor C2, and the output-level working power supply end U4-VB is connected with the +15V power supply through a diode D2; a resistor R4 and a capacitor C3 are connected in series between the emitting electrode of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative electrode VIN-.
A duty ratio signal output by a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU is limited by a current limiting resistor R1 and then is transmitted to an input end of an optical coupler G1, when a pull-down resistor R2 ensures that the CPU-PWM1 outputs a logic level '0', the level of the input end of the optical coupler G1 is also logic '0', and a light emitting diode ensures that the light emitting diode can be reliably cut off; when the voltage of the control pulse input end U4-IN of the driving module U4 suddenly rises, the freewheeling diode D1 carries out freewheeling; the capacitor C1 is used as a voltage stabilizing capacitor, and the capacitor C2 and the diode D2 form a bootstrap circuit to generate VB voltage; the resistor R4 and the capacitor C3 form an energy storage circuit. After the drive module U4 amplifies the duty ratio signal input by the control pulse input end U4-IN, the same duty ratio is output by the drive pulse output end U4-HO to control the on-off of the IGBTn from the IGBT1 and the IGBT 2.
An anti-reverse charging diode group and an inductor L4 are connected in series between the emitting electrode of each IGBT and the charging socket CZ, the anti-reverse charging diode group comprises a plurality of anti-reverse charging diodes which are connected in parallel, capacitors C4 are connected in parallel at two ends of the charging socket CZ, and a pull-down resistor R5 is connected in series between the emitting electrode of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative electrode VIN-. The plurality of anti-reverse charging diodes DF1 to DFn connected in parallel with each other can pass a large charging current, and when each IGBT is turned off, the reverse charging of the secondary battery XDCH can be prevented. The inductor L4 filters the charging voltage, and the capacitor C4 plays a role in stabilizing the voltage, so that the stability of the CZ end voltage of the charging socket can be improved. The pull-down resistor R5 is large in resistance value and low in power consumption, when each IGBT is cut off, the charge of the G point is released completely through the resistor R5, and the G point becomes low potential; when the IGBT is turned on, the potential at the G point becomes high; and the high potential and the low potential of the G point are changed, so that the driving module U4 can work normally.
A current sensor H1 is arranged between the inductor L4 and the positive electrode of the charging socket CZ, and the current signal output end of the current sensor H1 is connected with the PAD1 port of the CPU. The current sensor H1 detects the charging current of the storage battery and supplies the charging current to the CPU, and the CPU reads the value of PAD1 and adjusts the PWM duty ratio.
As shown in fig. 4, a charging voltage detection circuit is connected between the upper end of the charging socket CZ and the CPU-GND, the charging voltage detection circuit includes a dc voltage isolation sensor U6 and a single power operational buffer amplifier U7, the dc voltage isolation sensor U6 may adopt ACPL-C87X, and the single power operational buffer amplifier U7 may adopt DPA237NA/3K.
The H point of the upper end of the charging socket CZ is used as a voltage detection point, the voltage of the H point is high, the CPU cannot directly read the voltage value of the H point, the H point is connected with the divider resistor R7 and the divider resistor R8 in series to divide the voltage, the voltage value between the 2 nd pin and the 4 th pin of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6 meets the requirement of the voltage value on input, the lower end of the divider resistor R7 is connected into the 2 nd pin of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6, and the lower end of the divider resistor R8 is connected into the 4 th pin of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6. The isolation of the high voltage at point H from the low voltage used by the CPU is achieved by a dc voltage isolation sensor U6. The voltage stabilizer MC7805 provides a +5V power supply for the 1 st pin of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6; the 4 th pin input ground of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6 is isolated from the CPU-GND, so that the influence of the high-voltage ground on the CPU-GND is avoided.
The 7 th pin of the output end of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6 is connected with the 3 rd pin + IN of the single-power operational buffer amplifier U7 through a current-limiting resistor R9, the 6 th pin of the output end of the direct-current voltage isolation sensor U6 is connected with the 4 th pin-IN of the single-power operational buffer amplifier U7 through a current-limiting resistor R10, and the 1 st pin OUT port of the output end of the single-power operational buffer amplifier U7 is connected with the PAD2 port of the CPU. The single power supply operational buffer amplifier U7 amplifies the detected voltage signal value, then sends the amplified voltage signal value to the PAD2 port of the CPU from the OUT port, the CPU reads the PAD2 value, calculates the terminal voltage of the storage battery XDCH and provides the terminal voltage to the CPU, the CPU outputs an initial PWM wave to control the duty ratio output by the IGBT, and adjusts the PWM duty ratio according to the charging current detected by the current sensor in the highest charging voltage range according to the PID algorithm. When the terminal voltage of the storage battery XDCH reaches the rated charging voltage, the charging is full, the PWM duty ratio is changed to 0, the storage battery stands still for 10 minutes, and trickle charging is carried out.
As shown in fig. 5, a key switch CZ1 is arranged on the charging socket CZ, one end of a normally open contact of the key switch CZ1 is connected with the CPU-GND, the other end of the normally open contact of the key switch CZ1 is connected with a PJ6 port of the CPU, and the PJ6 port of the CPU is connected with a CPU +5V power supply through a pull-up resistor R6. Before the key switch CZ1 is not pressed, the PJ6 port of the CPU is logic "1". After the key switch CZ1 is pressed down, the metal sheet on the back of the key conducts the two spring sheets, the PJ6 port of the CPU is grounded to be logic '0', the CPU obtains a charging starting signal, a duty ratio signal output by a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU controls duty ratios from IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn, and the charging of the storage battery is started to be controlled.
As shown in fig. 6, the voltage of the AC power source is connected to the input end of the low-power multi-output AC-DC converter, and a capacitor C5 is connected between the input ends of the multi-output AC-DC converter; the output cathode I VO 1-of the multi-output AC-DC converter is connected with the CPU-GND, and the output anode I VO1+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter provides +5V power supply for the CPU; an output cathode two VO 2-of the multi-output AC-DC converter is connected with a driving ground end QD-GND, and an output anode two VO2+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter provides a +15V power supply for a driving module U4; the rectified direct current negative electrode VIN-is connected with a driving ground end QD-GND through an inductor L5; a fly-wheel diode D5 is connected between an output cathode VO 1-and an output anode VO1+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter, an inductor L6 is connected in series between an output anode VO1+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter and a CPU +5V power supply, and a capacitor C6 and a capacitor C7 are connected in parallel between the CPU +5V power supply and a CPU-GND power supply; a fly-wheel diode D6 is connected between an output cathode two VO 2-and an output anode two VO2+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter, an inductor L7 is connected in series between an output anode two VO2+ of the multi-output AC-DC converter and a driving module +15V power supply, and a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C9 are connected in parallel between the driving module +15V power supply and a driving ground end QD-GND.
The power supply voltage used by the CPU is +5V, and the power supply voltage used by the driving module U4 is +15V; a multi-output AC-DC converter is used to provide +5V and +15V power. If the power supply is a single-phase 220V alternating current power supply, the power supply can be directly connected to the input end of the multi-output AC-DC converter. In the case of a three-phase alternating current power supply, the A phase can be connected with Vi at the input end of the multi-output AC-DC converter, and the rectified direct current negative pole VIN is connected with N at the input end of the multi-output AC-DC converter. The capacitor C5 plays a role in voltage stabilization, and the inductor L5 can reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the rectified direct-current voltage on the drive module QD-GND. The inductor L6, the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7 form a filter circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit of the +5V power supply, so that the voltage of the +5V power supply of the CPU can be more stable, and when the voltage of the CPU-GND suddenly rises, the freewheeling diode D5 carries out freewheeling. The inductor L7, the capacitor C8 and the capacitor C9 form a filter circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit of a +15V power supply, so that the voltage of the +15V power supply of the driving module U4 can be more stable, and when the voltage of the driving ground end QD-GND suddenly rises, the freewheeling diode D6 carries out freewheeling.
As shown in FIG. 7, a temperature sensor T1 is mounted on the circuit board, a temperature signal output end of the temperature sensor T1 is connected with a PAD0 port of the CPU, a pull-up resistor R13 is connected in series between the PAD0 port and the CPU +5V power supply, a grounding end of the temperature sensor T1 is connected with the CPU-GND, and a capacitor C10 is arranged between the PAD0 port of the CPU and the CPU-GND. T1 of the temperature sensor is a negative temperature coefficient, the resistance value at 100 ℃ is 4.52k omega, and the resistance value at 20 ℃ is 42.16k omega; the CPU reads the PAD0 value, the temperature value of the circuit board can be calculated through an interpolation method, if the temperature of the circuit board is too high, the duty ratio output by a pulse width modulation signal output end CPU-PWM1 of the CPU can be 0/4, and the charger stops charging.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments, for example, the IGBT may be replaced by a MOS transistor or silicon carbide, and any technical solution formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention. Technical features of the present invention which are not described may be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein.

Claims (9)

1. An AC-DC charger for electric automobile, including AC-DC rectifier circuit and DC-DC output voltage value control circuit, AC-DC rectifier circuit commutates alternating current single phase power or alternating current three phase power into the direct current, characterized by that: the DC-DC output voltage value control circuit comprises a CPU, wherein a pulse width modulation signal output end (CPU-PWM 1) of the CPU is connected with an input end of an optical coupler (G1), an output end of the optical coupler (G1) is connected with a control pulse input end (U4-IN) of a driving module (U4), and a driving pulse output end (U4-HO) of the driving module is respectively connected with a grid electrode of each IGBT; the collector electrodes of the IGBTs are connected in parallel and then connected with a rectified direct current positive electrode (VIN +), and a charging socket (CZ) is connected between the emitter electrodes of the IGBTs and a rectified direct current negative electrode (VIN-); a plurality of charging side freewheeling diodes which are mutually connected in parallel are connected between the emitter of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative electrode (VIN-);
a pulse width modulation signal output end (CPU-PWM 1) of the CPU is connected with an input anode of the optocoupler (G1) through a current limiting resistor R1, an input cathode of the optocoupler (G1) is connected with the CPU-GND, and a pull-down resistor R2 is connected between the input anode and the input cathode of the optocoupler (G1); a collector at the output end of the optical coupler (G1) is connected with a +15V power supply, an emitter at the output end of the optical coupler (G1) is connected with a control pulse input end (U4-IN) of the driving module (U4), the control pulse input end (U4-IN) is connected with a driving ground end (QD-GND) through a pull-down resistor R3, and the output end of the optical coupler (G1) is connected with a fly-wheel diode D1 IN parallel; the power supply control circuit comprises a driving module (U4), a charging socket (CZ), a charging module (U4-COM), a discharging stage reference ground (U4-Vs), a capacitor C2, and a +15V power supply, wherein the operating power supply end (U4-Vcc) of the driving module (U4) is connected with the +15V power supply, the input ground (U4-COM) of the driving module (U4) is connected with the driving ground (QD-GND) and is connected with the +15V power supply through the capacitor C1, the upper end of the charging socket (CZ) is connected with the discharging stage reference ground (U4-Vs), the discharging stage reference ground (U4-Vs) is connected with the discharging stage operating power supply end (U4-VB) through the capacitor C2, and the discharging stage operating power supply end (U4-VB) is connected with the +15V power supply through the diode D2; a resistor R4 and a capacitor C3 are connected in series between the emitting electrode of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative electrode (VIN-).
2. The AC-DC charger for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: an anti-reverse-charging diode group and an inductor L4 are connected in series between the emitter of each IGBT and the charging socket (CZ), the anti-reverse-charging diode group comprises a plurality of anti-reverse-charging diodes which are connected in parallel, capacitors C4 are connected in parallel at two ends of the charging socket (CZ), and pull-down resistors R5 are connected in series between the emitter of each IGBT and the rectified direct current negative pole (VIN-).
3. The AC-DC charger for electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: the charging voltage detection circuit is connected between the upper end of the charging socket (CZ) and the CPU-GND, the charging voltage detection circuit comprises a direct current voltage isolation sensor (U6) and a single power supply operational buffer amplifier (U7), the upper end of the charging socket (CZ) is connected with the input end of the direct current voltage isolation sensor (U6) through a divider resistor R7 and a divider resistor R8 which are connected in series, the output end of the direct current voltage isolation sensor (U6) is connected with the input end of the single power supply operational buffer amplifier (U7) through a current limiting resistor, and the output end (OUT) of the single power supply operational buffer amplifier (U7) is connected with a PAD2 port of the CPU.
4. The AC-DC charger for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the alternating current power supply phase voltage is connected to the input end of the multi-path output AC-DC converter, and a capacitor C5 is connected between the input ends of the multi-path output AC-DC converter; the output cathode I (VO 1-) of the multi-output AC-DC converter is connected with the CPU-GND, and the output anode I (VO 1 +) of the multi-output AC-DC converter provides +5V power supply for the CPU; the output cathode II (VO 2-) of the multi-output AC-DC converter is connected with a driving ground end (QD-GND), and the output anode II (VO 2 +) of the multi-output AC-DC converter provides a +15V power supply for a driving module (U4); the rectified direct current negative electrode (VIN-) is connected with a driving ground end (QD-GND) through an inductor L5; a freewheeling diode D5 is connected between the first output cathode (VO 1-) and the first output anode (VO 1 +) of the multi-output AC-DC converter, an inductor L6 is connected in series between the first output anode (VO 1 +) of the multi-output AC-DC converter and a CPU +5V power supply, and a capacitor C6 and a capacitor C7 are connected in parallel between the CPU +5V power supply and a CPU-GND power supply; a freewheeling diode D6 is connected between the output cathode two (VO 2-) and the output anode two (VO 2 +) of the multi-output AC-DC converter, an inductor L7 is connected in series between the output anode two (VO 2 +) of the multi-output AC-DC converter and the driving module +15V power supply, and a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C9 are connected in parallel between the driving module +15V power supply and the driving ground (QD-GND).
5. The AC-DC charger for electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: the temperature sensor (T1) is installed on the circuit board, the temperature signal output end of the temperature sensor (T1) is connected with the PAD0 port of the CPU, a pull-up resistor R13 is connected between the PAD0 port and the CPU +5V power supply in series, the grounding end of the temperature sensor (T1) is connected with the CPU-GND, and a capacitor C10 is arranged between the PAD0 port of the CPU and the CPU-GND.
6. The AC-DC charger for electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: a current sensor (H1) is arranged between the inductor L4 and the positive pole of the charging socket (CZ), and the current signal output end of the current sensor (H1) is connected with the PAD1 port of the CPU.
7. The AC-DC charger for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the charging socket (CZ) is provided with a key switch (CZ 1), one end of a normally open contact of the key switch (CZ 1) is connected with a CPU-GND, the other end of the normally open contact of the key switch (CZ 1) is connected with a PJ6 port of the CPU, and the PJ6 port of the CPU is connected with a CPU +5V power supply through a pull-up resistor R6.
8. The AC-DC charger for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the AC-DC rectifying circuit is provided with a A, B, C three-phase input end and is connected with a rectified direct current positive electrode (VIN +) and a rectified direct current negative electrode (VIN-) through a three-phase bridge rectifier and fuse (RX); the input end of the phase A is connected with an inductor L1 in series, the input end of the phase B is connected with an inductor L2 in series, and the input end of the phase C is connected with an inductor L3 in series.
9. The AC-DC charger for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the charger is further provided with a storage battery voltage value display circuit, the storage battery voltage value display circuit comprises a first data latch (U1), a second data latch (U2) and a third data latch (U3), data input ends of the first data latch (U1), the second data latch (U2) and the third data latch (U3) are respectively connected with PB0 ends and PB1 ends to PB7 ends of the CPU, data output ends of the first data latch (U1), the second data latch (U2) and the third data latch (U3) are respectively connected with a storage battery voltage display digital tube, a chip selection input end of the first data latch (U1) is connected with a PA0 port of the CPU, a chip selection input end of the second data latch (U2) is connected with a PA1 port of the CPU, and a chip selection input end of the third data latch (U3) is connected with a PA2 port of the CPU.
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