CN110509797A - A kind of AC-DC charger for electric vehicle - Google Patents
A kind of AC-DC charger for electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN110509797A CN110509797A CN201910885386.1A CN201910885386A CN110509797A CN 110509797 A CN110509797 A CN 110509797A CN 201910885386 A CN201910885386 A CN 201910885386A CN 110509797 A CN110509797 A CN 110509797A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of AC-DC chargers for electric vehicle, including AC-DC rectification circuit and DC-DC output voltage duty control circuit, AC single phase power supply or three-phase ac power supply are rectified into direct current by AC-DC rectification circuit, the DC-DC output voltage duty control circuit includes CPU, the pulse-width signal output end of CPU is connected with the input terminal of optocoupler, the output end of optocoupler is connected with the control pulse input end of drive module, and the driving pulse output end of drive module is connected with the grid of each IGBT respectively；Be connected after the collector of each IGBT is in parallel with direct-flow positive pole after rectification, charging socket be connected to each IGBT emitter and rectification after between direct current cathode；Multiple charged side freewheeling diodes parallel with one another are connected with after the emitter of each IGBT and rectification between direct current cathode.Anti-reverse charging diode and inductance are in series between the emitter and charging socket of each IGBT, charging socket both ends are parallel with capacitor, are in series with pull down resistor between IGBT emitter and direct current cathode.The charger manufacturing cost is low, and charging is reliable high-efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of charger, in particular to a kind of AC-DC charger for electric vehicle belongs to for electric vehicle
Charger technologies field.
Background technique
With popularizing for electric car, the demand of charger is increasing.Traditional electric car charger is adopted more
It is controlled one is exchange AC-direct current DC power conversion is carried out using high frequency transformer using high-power IGBT with both of which
Charging current, the switching frequency of IGBT is too fast in the charger, and more than 1KHZ, the power consumption of IGBT is higher, charger self-heating
Than more serious, itself temperature rise is higher, not only wastes energy, but also influence safety.
Another kind is that exchange AC-direct current DC power conversion is carried out using Industrial Frequency Transformer, is also controlled using high-power IGBT
Charging current, it is too big in the volume of 100HZ, Industrial Frequency Transformer although the switching frequency of IGBT is very low, and quality is too big,
Cost is too high, takes up space big, and it is also inconvenient to pick and place.
In addition, the intrinsic copper loss and iron loss of transformer makes the transfer efficiency of charger relatively low, charge operation cost
It is relatively high.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome problems of the prior art, a kind of AC-DC charging for electric vehicle is provided
Device saves high frequency transformer or Industrial Frequency Transformer, and manufacturing cost is low, and charge efficiency is high, and charging current is controllable.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of AC-DC charger for electric vehicle of the invention, including AC-DC rectified current
AC single phase power supply or three-phase ac power supply are rectified into directly by road and DC-DC output voltage duty control circuit, AC-DC rectification circuit
Galvanic electricity, the DC-DC output voltage duty control circuit include CPU, the pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 and optocoupler of CPU
The input terminal of G1 is connected, and the output end of optocoupler G1 is connected with the control pulse input end U4-IN of drive module U4, drive module
Driving pulse output end U4-HO is connected with the grid of each IGBT respectively；After the collector of each IGBT is in parallel just with direct current after rectification
Pole VIN+ is connected, charging socket CZ be connected to each IGBT emitter and rectification after between direct current cathode VIN-；The hair of each IGBT
Multiple charged side freewheeling diodes parallel with one another are connected between direct current cathode VIN- after emitter-base bandgap grading and rectification.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention achieves following the utility model has the advantages that the charging plug of battery XDCH and charging are inserted
The grafting of seat CZ uses anti-plug antistructure, and the charging current of automotive battery is bigger, up to 100A or more, battery XDCH
Both ends be parallel with the high-power vehicular electrical appliance such as air-conditioning, fan, compressor, headlight, loudspeaker；The specified charging current of single IGBT
Although can reach 150A, the heat dissipation of IGBT can not reach optimal state in practical application；The stitch of IGBT is not
High current can be born for a long time；It is serious that excessively high electric current makes the internal resistance of IGBT generate heat.IGBT is switched on and off process generation
Heat seriously affect the safe operation of controller.The present invention is using multiple IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn controls parallel with one another
Charging current, and afterflow is carried out using multiple charged side freewheeling diode EJG1, EJG2 to EJGn parallel with one another.It can use
Control system CPU of the MC9S12XS128MAA single-chip microcontroller as AC-DC charger.When IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn are turned off,
The load being connected on charging socket CZ can be by charged side freewheeling diode because of the self inductance current that self induction electromotive force generates
EJG1, EJG2 are to EJGn in load internal consumption.The duty cycle signals of the pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 output of CPU
It is isolated by the high and low pressure of optocoupler G1, is sent into the control pulse input end U4-IN of drive module U4, amplifies through drive module U4
Afterwards, by driving pulse output end U4-HO output duty cycle signal, after current-limiting resistance XLR1, XLR2 to XLRn current limliting, control
The duty ratio of IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn, to meet the voltage rating demand of charging socket CZ.The charger eliminates logical
The high frequency transformer or Industrial Frequency Transformer being often used are eliminated by transformer bring copper loss and iron loss, the switching frequency of IGBT
It can control in 200HZ hereinafter, the switching power loss of IGBT is small, calorific value is small, energy conversion rate and charge efficiency is high.
As an improvement of the present invention, the pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 of CPU passes through current-limiting resistance R1 and optocoupler
The input anode of G1 is connected, and the input cathode of optocoupler G1 is connected with CPU-GND, is connected with down between the input positive and negative anodes of optocoupler G1
Pull-up resistor R2；The output end collector of optocoupler G1 is connected with+15V power supply, the output end emitter and drive module U4 of optocoupler G1
Control pulse input end U4-IN be connected, control pulse input end U4-IN by pull down resistor R3 with drive ground terminal QD-GND phase
Even, the output end of optocoupler G1 is parallel with sustained diode 1；The working power end U4-Vcc and+15V power supply phase of drive module U4
Even, the input ground end U4-COM of drive module U4 is connected with driving ground terminal QD-GND and is connected by capacitor C1 with+15V power supply,
The upper end of charging socket CZ is connected with output stage reference ground U4-Vs, and output stage reference ground U4-Vs passes through capacitor C2 and output
Level work power end U4-VB is connected, and output stage working power end U4-VB is connected by diode D2 with+15V power supply；Each IGBT
Emitter and rectification after be in series with resistance R4 and capacitor C3 between direct current cathode VIN-.The pulse-width signal output end of CPU
The duty cycle signals of CPU-PWM1 output are sent after current-limiting resistance R1 current limliting to the input terminal of optocoupler G1, and pull down resistor R2 ensures
When CPU-PWM1 exports logic level " 0 ", the input terminal level of optocoupler G1 is also logical zero, and light emitting diode guarantees can
End by ground；When the voltage of the control pulse input end U4-IN of drive module U4 increases suddenly, sustained diode 1 is continued
Stream；Capacitor C1 forms boostrap circuit as electric capacity of voltage regulation, capacitor C2 and diode D2, generates VB voltage；Resistance R4 and capacitor C3
Constitute accumulator.After drive module U4 amplifies the duty cycle signals for controlling pulse input end U4-IN input, by driving pulse
Output end U4-HO exports identical duty ratio, controls the on-off of IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn.
As a further improvement of the present invention, two pole of anti-reverse charging is in series between the emitter of each IGBT and charging socket CZ
Pipe group and inductance L4, anti-reverse charging diode group include multiple anti-reverse charging diodes parallel with one another, and the both ends of charging socket CZ are simultaneously
It is associated with capacitor C4, is in series with pull down resistor R5 between direct current cathode VIN- after the emitter of each IGBT and rectification.It is multiple mutually simultaneously
The anti-reverse charging diode DF1 to DFn of connection can prevent battery when each IGBT shutdown by biggish charging current
XDCH reverse charging.Inductance L4 is filtered charging voltage, and capacitor C4 plays pressure stabilization function, and the end charging socket CZ electricity can be improved
The stability of pressure.The resistance value of pull down resistor R5 is larger, and power consumption is smaller, and when each IGBT cut-off, the charge of G point is released by resistance R5
It discharges, G point becomes low potential；When IGBT conducting, the current potential of G point is got higher；The high and low current potential of G point converts, and makes to drive mould
Block U4 can be worked normally.
As a further improvement of the present invention, charging voltage inspection is connected between the upper end and CPU-GND of charging socket CZ
Slowdown monitoring circuit, charging voltage detection circuit include DC voltage isolation sensor U6 and single supply operation buffer amplifier U7, charging
The upper end of socket CZ passes through the divider resistance R7 being serially connected and divider resistance R8 and accesses the defeated of DC voltage isolation sensor U6
Enter end, the output end of DC voltage isolation sensor U6 passes through the input terminal of current-limiting resistance and single supply operation buffer amplifier U7
It is connected, the port PAD2 of the output end OUT and CPU of single supply operation buffer amplifier U7 are connected.Due to voltage detecting point H point
Voltage is higher, and CPU can not directly read the voltage value of H point, is divided using divider resistance R7 and divider resistance R8, makes direct current
Voltage value between the 2nd foot and the 4th foot of voltage isolation sensor U6 meets its requirement to input voltage value；Pass through direct current
Isolation sensor U6 is pressed to realize the high voltage of H point and being isolated for the CPU low-voltage used.Voltage-stablizer MC7805 be DC voltage every
Input side offer+5V power supply from sensor U6；The 4th foot input ground of DC voltage isolation sensor U6 is isolated with CPU-GND,
Avoid influence of the ground to CPU-GND of high voltage.Single supply operation buffer amplifier U7 puts the voltage signal values detected
After big, the port PAD2 of CPU is sent into from OUT terminal mouth, CPU reads the value of PAD2, calculates the end voltage of battery XDCH and mention
CPU is supplied, CPU exports initial PWM wave, the duty ratio of control IGBT output, according to pid algorithm, in maximum charging voltage model
In enclosing, according to the charging current that current sensor checks, PWM duty cycle is adjusted.When the end voltage of battery XDCH reaches volume
After determining charging voltage, indicate that charging electricity is full, PWM duty cycle becomes 0, and battery stands 10 minutes, then carries out trickle charge.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the input terminal of AC power source phase voltage access multiple-channel output AC-DC converter,
And capacitor C5 is connected between the input terminal of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter；The output negative pole one of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter
VO1- is connected with CPU-GND, and one VO1+ of output cathode of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter is to CPU offer+5V power supply；Multichannel is defeated
Two VO2- of output negative pole of AC-DC converter is connected with driving ground terminal QD-GND out, and the output of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter is just
Two VO2+ of pole is to drive module U4 offer+15V power supply；Pass through electricity between direct current cathode VIN- and driving ground terminal QD-GND after rectification
Feel L5 to be connected with each other；It is connected between one VO1+ of one VO1- of output negative pole and output cathode of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter continuous
Diode D5 is flowed, is in series with inductance L6 between the one VO1+ and CPU+5V power supply of output cathode of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter,
Capacitor C6 and capacitor C7 is connected in parallel between CPU+5V and CPU-GND；The output negative pole two of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter
Sustained diode 6, two VO2 of output cathode of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter are connected between two VO2+ of VO2- and output cathode
+ inductance L7 is in series between drive module+15V power supply, it is in parallel between drive module+15V power supply and driving ground terminal QD-GND
It is connected with capacitor C8 and capacitor C9.The supply voltage of CPU is+5V in the present invention, the supply voltage of drive module U4 is+
15V；Multiple-channel output AC-DC converter offer+5V and+15V power supply are provided.It, can be direct if it is single-phase 220V AC power source
Access the input terminal of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter.If it is three-phase alternating-current supply, the multiple-channel output AC-DC that A can be connected turns
Direct current cathode VIN- after rectification is met the N of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter input terminal by the Vi of parallel operation input terminal.Capacitor C5 is played
Pressure stabilization function, inductance L5 can reduce influence of the fluctuation to drive module QD-GND of DC voltage after rectification.Inductance L6 and electricity
The filter circuit and voltage regulator circuit for holding C6 and capacitor C7 composition+5V power supply, can make the voltage of+5V power supply of CPU more stable,
When the voltage of CPU-GND increases suddenly, sustained diode 5 carries out afterflow.Inductance L7 and capacitor C8 and capacitor C9 composition+15V electricity
The filter circuit and voltage regulator circuit in source can make the voltage of+15V power supply of drive module U4 more stable, drive ground terminal QD-
When the voltage of GND increases suddenly, sustained diode 6 carries out afterflow.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the T1 of temperature sensor is installed on circuit board, the T1's of temperature sensor
Temperature signal output end is connected with the port PAD0 of CPU, and pull-up resistor R13 is in series between the port PAD0 and CPU+5V power supply,
The ground terminal of the T1 of temperature sensor is connected with CPU-GND, and capacitor C10 is equipped between the port PAD0 of CPU and CPU-GND.Temperature
The T1 for spending sensor is negative temperature coefficient, and resistance value at 100 DEG C is 4.52k Ω, and resistance value at 20 DEG C is 42.16k Ω；
CPU reads the value of PAD0, passes through interpolation method, so that it may which the temperature value for calculating circuit board, the temperature such as circuit board is excessively high, then CPU
Pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 output duty ratio can be 0/4, make charger stop charging.
As a further improvement of the present invention, current sensor is installed between inductance L4 and the anode of charging socket CZ
The current signal output end of H1, current sensor H1 are connected with the port PAD1 of CPU.Current sensor H1 detects battery
Charging current is simultaneously supplied to CPU, and CPU reads the value of PAD1, adjusts PWM duty cycle.
As a further improvement of the present invention, charging socket CZ is equipped with key switch CZ1, the normally opened touching of key switch CZ1
One end of head is connected with CPU-GND, and the other end of key switch CZ1 normally open contact is connected with the port PJ6 of CPU, the PJ6 of CPU
Port is connected by pull-up resistor R6 with CPU+5V power supply.Before key switch CZ1 is not pressed, the port PJ6 of CPU is logical one.
After key switch CZ1 is pressed, two spring leafs are connected the sheet metal at the key back side, and the port the PJ6 ground connection of CPU becomes logical zero,
CPU is set to obtain charge initiation signal, the duty cycle signals of the pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 output of CPU, control
The duty ratio of IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn start control and charge to battery.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the AC-DC rectification circuit is equipped with A, B, C three-phase input end, by three-phase
Bridge rectifier and fuse RX are connected with direct current cathode VIN- after direct-flow positive pole VIN+ after rectification and rectification；The series connection of A phase input terminal
There is inductance L1, B phase input terminal is in series with inductance L2, and C phase input terminal is in series with inductance L3.When AC power source is single-phase electricity, A, B are met
Two input terminals.When AC power source is three-phase electricity, A, B, C three-phase input end are connect, by rectifier diode DZ1 to rectifier diode
DZ6 constitutes three-phase bridge rectifier circuit.Inductance L1, inductance L2 and inductance L3 can prevent charger during the charging process, to electricity
Other electrical appliances in road interfere.
As a further improvement of the present invention, which is additionally provided with battery voltage value display circuit, the battery
Voltage value display circuit includes three U3 of one U1 of data latches, two U2 of data latches and data latches, data latches one
The data input pin of three U3 of U1, two U2 of data latches and data latches is connected with PB0, PB1 of CPU to the end PB7 respectively, number
Number is shown with battery voltage respectively according to the data output end of three U3 of one U1 of latch, two U2 of data latches and data latches
Code pipe is connected, and the chip select input end of one U1 of data latches is connected with the port PA0 of CPU, and the piece of two U2 of data latches selects defeated
Enter end to be connected with the port PA1 of CPU, the chip select input end of three U3 of data latches is connected with the port PA2 of CPU.CPU will be calculated
Obtained battery voltage value is sent by PB0, PB1 to the port PB7 to one U1 of data latches, two U2 of data latches and data
The data input pin of three U3 of latch, by the chip select input end of one U1 of PA0 port controlling data latches of CPU, the control of the port PA1
The chip select input end of two U2 of data latches processed, the chip select input end of three U3 of PA2 port controlling data latches keep battery electric
Pressure display numeral method battery voltage value, is directly observed for personnel.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, attached drawing only provide with reference to
Illustrate to use, it is non-to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of AC-DC rectification circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is battery voltage value display circuit schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is DC-DC output voltage duty control circuit schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is charging voltage detection circuit figure in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structure and elementary diagram of key switch on charging socket in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the generation circuit figure of control system use+5V/+15V power supply of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the temperature sensing circuit figure of circuit board in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the peripheral circuit diagram of CPU in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, present invention AC-DC charger for electric vehicle includes AC-DC rectification circuit, AC-DC rectification circuit
AC single phase power supply or three-phase ac power supply are rectified into direct current.AC-DC rectification circuit is equipped with A, B, C three-phase input end, warp
Three-phase bridge rectification and fuse RX is crossed to be connected with direct current cathode VIN- after direct-flow positive pole VIN+ after rectification and rectification；A phase inputs
End is in series with inductance L1, and B phase input terminal is in series with inductance L2, and C phase input terminal is in series with inductance L3.
When AC power source is single-phase electricity, two input terminals of A, B are connect.When AC power source is three-phase electricity, A, B, C three-phase input are connect
End, constitutes three-phase bridge rectifier circuit by rectifier diode DZ1 to rectifier diode DZ6.Inductance L1, inductance L2 and inductance L3 can
To prevent charger during the charging process, other electrical appliances in circuit are interfered.
As shown in Fig. 2, the charger is equipped with battery voltage value display circuit, battery voltage value display circuit includes number
According to three U3 of one U1 of latch, two U2 of data latches and data latches, one U1 of data latches, two U2 sum number of data latches
It is connected respectively with PB0, PB1 of CPU to the end PB7 according to the data input pin of three U3 of latch, one U1 of data latches, data latch
The data output end of three U3 of two U2 of device and data latches shows that charactron is connected with battery voltage respectively, data latches one
The chip select input end of U1 is connected with the port PA0 of CPU, the chip select input end of two U2 of data latches and the port the PA1 phase of CPU
Even, the chip select input end of three U3 of data latches is connected with the port PA2 of CPU.
CPU send the battery voltage value being calculated to one U1 of data latches, number by PB0, PB1 to the port PB7
According to the data input pin of three U3 of two U2 of latch and data latches, by the piece of one U1 of PA0 port controlling data latches of CPU
Select input terminal, the chip select input end of two U2 of PA1 port controlling data latches, the piece of three U3 of PA2 port controlling data latches
Input terminal is selected, so that battery voltage is shown numeral method battery voltage value, is directly observed for personnel.
As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 8, DC-DC output voltage duty control circuit includes CPU, the pulse-width signal output end of CPU
CPU-PWM1 is connected with the input terminal of optocoupler G1, the output end of optocoupler G1 and the control pulse input end U4-IN of drive module U4
It is connected, the driving pulse output end U4-HO of drive module is connected with the grid of each IGBT respectively；After the collector of each IGBT is in parallel
Be connected with direct-flow positive pole VIN+ after rectification, charging socket CZ be connected to each IGBT emitter and rectification after direct current cathode VIN- it
Between；Multiple two poles of charged side afterflow parallel with one another are connected with after the emitter of each IGBT and rectification between direct current cathode VIN-
Pipe.
The grafting of the charging plug and charging socket CZ of battery XDCH uses anti-plug antistructure, and automotive battery fills
Electric current is bigger, and up to 100A or more, the both ends of battery XDCH are parallel with air-conditioning, fan, compressor, headlight, loudspeaker etc.
High-power vehicular electrical appliance；Although the specified charging current of single IGBT can reach 150A, IGBT's dissipates in practical application
Heat can not reach optimal state；The stitch of IGBT can not bear high current for a long time；Excessively high electric current makes IGBT
Internal resistance fever it is serious.The heat that IGBT is switched on and off process generation seriously affects the safe operation of controller.The present invention adopts
Charging current is controlled with multiple IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn parallel with one another, and uses multiple charged side afterflows parallel with one another
Diode EJG1, EJG2 to EJGn carry out afterflow.
Control system CPU of the MC9S12XS128MAA single-chip microcontroller as AC-DC charger can be used.When IGBT1,
When IGBT2 to IGBTn is turned off, the load being connected on charging socket CZ is because the self inductance current that self induction electromotive force generates can pass through
Charged side freewheeling diode EJG1, EJG2 to EJGn is in load internal consumption.The pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 of CPU
The duty cycle signals of output are isolated by the high and low pressure of optocoupler G1, are sent into the control pulse input end U4-IN of drive module U4,
After drive module U4 amplification, by driving pulse output end U4-HO output duty cycle signal, by current-limiting resistance XLR1, XLR2
To XLRn current limliting, the duty ratio of IGBT1, IGBT2 to IGBTn are controlled, to meet the voltage rating demand of charging socket CZ.
The pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 of CPU is connected by current-limiting resistance R1 with the input anode of optocoupler G1,
The input cathode of optocoupler G1 is connected with CPU-GND, is connected with pull down resistor R2 between the input positive and negative anodes of optocoupler G1；Optocoupler G1's
Output end collector is connected with+15V power supply, the output end emitter of optocoupler G1 and the control pulse input end of drive module U4
U4-IN is connected, and control pulse input end U4-IN is connected by pull down resistor R3 with driving ground terminal QD-GND, the output of optocoupler G1
End is parallel with sustained diode 1；The working power end U4-Vcc of drive module U4 is connected with+15V power supply, drive module U4's
Input ground end U4-COM is connected with driving ground terminal QD-GND and is connected by capacitor C1 with+15V power supply, the upper end of charging socket CZ
It is connected with output stage reference ground U4-Vs, output stage reference ground U4-Vs passes through capacitor C2 and output stage working power end U4-
VB is connected, and output stage working power end U4-VB is connected by diode D2 with+15V power supply；After the emitter of each IGBT and rectification
Resistance R4 and capacitor C3 are in series between direct current cathode VIN-.
CPU pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 output duty cycle signals sent after current-limiting resistance R1 current limliting to
The input terminal of optocoupler G1, when pull down resistor R2 ensures that CPU-PWM1 exports logic level " 0 ", the input terminal level of optocoupler G1 is also
Logical zero, light emitting diode guarantee reliably to end；When the voltage of the control pulse input end U4-IN of drive module U4
When increasing suddenly, sustained diode 1 carries out afterflow；Capacitor C1 is as electric capacity of voltage regulation, capacitor C2 and diode D2 composition bootstrapping electricity
Road generates VB voltage；Resistance R4 and capacitor C3 constitutes accumulator.Drive module U4 will control pulse input end U4-IN input
Duty cycle signals amplification after, identical duty ratio is exported by driving pulse output end U4-HO, control IGBT1, IGBT2 are extremely
The on-off of IGBTn.
Anti-reverse charging diode group and inductance L4, two pole of anti-reverse charging are in series between the emitter and charging socket CZ of each IGBT
Pipe group includes multiple anti-reverse charging diodes parallel with one another, and the both ends of charging socket CZ are parallel with capacitor C4, the transmitting of each IGBT
Pull down resistor R5 is in series between direct current cathode VIN- behind pole and rectification.Multiple anti-reverse charging diode DF1 to DFn parallel with one another
Battery XDCH reverse charging can be prevented when each IGBT shutdown by biggish charging current.Inductance L4 is to charging
Voltage is filtered, and capacitor C4 plays pressure stabilization function, and the stability of the end charging socket CZ voltage can be improved.The resistance of pull down resistor R5
It is worth larger, power consumption is smaller, and when each IGBT cut-off, the charge of G point is released by resistance R5, and G point becomes low potential；Work as IGBT
When conducting, the current potential of G point is got higher；The high and low current potential of G point converts, and drive module U4 is enable to work normally.
Current sensor H1, the current signal of current sensor H1 are installed between inductance L4 and the anode of charging socket CZ
Output end is connected with the port PAD1 of CPU.Current sensor H1 detects the charging current of battery and is supplied to CPU, and CPU is read
The value of PAD1 is taken, PWM duty cycle is adjusted.
As shown in figure 4, charging voltage detection circuit is connected between the upper end and CPU-GND of charging socket CZ, charging electricity
Pressing detection circuit includes DC voltage isolation sensor U6 and single supply operation buffer amplifier U7, DC voltage isolation sensor
U6 can use ACPL-C87X, single supply operation buffer amplifier U7 that can use DPA237NA/3K.
The H point of the upper end charging socket CZ is as voltage detecting point, and since the voltage of H point is higher, CPU can not directly read H
The voltage value of point is divided in H point series connection divider resistance R7 and divider resistance R8, makes the of DC voltage isolation sensor U6
Voltage value between 2 feet and the 4th foot meets its requirement to input voltage value, the lower end access DC voltage of divider resistance R7 every
The 2nd foot from sensor U6, the 4th foot of the lower end access DC voltage isolation sensor U6 of divider resistance R8.Pass through direct current
Isolation sensor U6 is pressed to realize the high voltage of H point and being isolated for the CPU low-voltage used.Voltage-stablizer MC7805 be DC voltage every
The 1st foot offer+5V power supply from sensor U6；The 4th foot input ground of DC voltage isolation sensor U6 is isolated with CPU-GND,
Avoid influence of the ground to CPU-GND of high voltage.
7th foot of DC voltage isolation sensor U6 output end passes through current-limiting resistance R9 and single supply operation buffer amplifier
The 3rd foot+IN of U7 is connected, and the 6th foot of DC voltage isolation sensor U6 output end passes through current-limiting resistance R10 and single supply operation
The 4th foot-IN of buffer amplifier U7 is connected, the 1st foot OUT terminal mouth of output end of single supply operation buffer amplifier U7 and CPU's
The port PAD2 is connected.Single supply operation buffer amplifier U7 is sent into after the voltage signal values amplification detected from OUT terminal mouth
The port PAD2 of CPU, CPU read the value of PAD2, calculate the end voltage of battery XDCH and be supplied to CPU, and CPU output is initial
PWM wave, the duty ratio of control IGBT output, according to pid algorithm, within the scope of maximum charging voltage, according to current sensor
The charging current checked adjusts PWM duty cycle.After the end voltage of battery XDCH reaches rated charging voltage, indicate
Charging electricity is full, and PWM duty cycle becomes 0, and battery stands 10 minutes, then carries out trickle charge.
As shown in figure 5, charging socket CZ is equipped with key switch CZ1, one end of key switch CZ1 normally open contact and CPU-
GND is connected, and the other end of key switch CZ1 normally open contact is connected with the port PJ6 of CPU, and the port PJ6 of CPU passes through pull-up electricity
Resistance R6 is connected with CPU+5V power supply.Before key switch CZ1 is not pressed, the port PJ6 of CPU is logical one.Key switch CZ1 is pressed
After lower, two spring leafs are connected the sheet metal at the key back side, and the port the PJ6 ground connection of CPU becomes logical zero, and CPU is made to be charged
Enabling signal, the duty cycle signals of the pulse-width signal output end CPU-PWM1 output of CPU, control IGBT1, IGBT2 are extremely
The duty ratio of IGBTn starts control and charges to battery.
As shown in fig. 6, the input terminal of AC power source phase voltage access small-power multiple-channel output AC-DC converter, and multichannel
It exports and is connected with capacitor C5 between the input terminal of AC-DC converter；One VO1- of output negative pole of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter with
CPU-GND is connected, and one VO1+ of output cathode of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter is to CPU offer+5V power supply；Multiple-channel output AC-DC
Two VO2- of output negative pole of converter is connected with driving ground terminal QD-GND, two VO2 of output cathode of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter
+ to drive module U4 offer+15V power supply；Pass through inductance L5 phase between direct current cathode VIN- and driving ground terminal QD-GND after rectification
It connects；Two pole of afterflow is connected between one VO1+ of one VO1- of output negative pole and output cathode of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter
Pipe D5, is in series with inductance L6 between the one VO1+ and CPU+5V power supply of output cathode of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter, CPU+5V with
Capacitor C6 and capacitor C7 is connected in parallel between CPU-GND；Two VO2- of output negative pole of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter and output
Sustained diode 6, two VO2+ of output cathode and driving mould of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter are connected between two VO2+ of anode
It is in series with inductance L7 between block+15V power supply, is connected in parallel to capacitor between drive module+15V power supply and driving ground terminal QD-GND
C8 and capacitor C9.
The supply voltage of CPU is+5V in the present invention, and the supply voltage of drive module U4 is+15V；It is defeated using multichannel
AC-DC converter offer+5V and+15V power supply out.If it is single-phase 220V AC power source, multiple-channel output AC- can be directly accessed
The input terminal of DC converter.If it is three-phase alternating-current supply, the Vi for the multiple-channel output AC-DC converter input terminal that A can be connected,
Direct current cathode VIN- after rectification is connect to the N of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter input terminal.Capacitor C5 plays pressure stabilization function, inductance L5
It can reduce influence of the fluctuation of DC voltage after rectifying to drive module QD-GND.Inductance L6 and capacitor C6 and capacitor C7 is constituted
The filter circuit and voltage regulator circuit of+5V power supply can make the voltage of+5V power supply of CPU more stable, and the voltage of CPU-GND is prominent
When so increasing, sustained diode 5 carries out afterflow.The filter circuit of inductance L7 and capacitor C8 and capacitor C9 composition+15V power supply and
Voltage regulator circuit can make the voltage of+15V power supply of drive module U4 more stable, and the voltage of driving ground terminal QD-GND rises suddenly
Gao Shi, sustained diode 6 carry out afterflow.
As shown in fig. 7, the T1 of temperature sensor is installed on circuit board, the temperature signal output end of the T1 of temperature sensor
It is connected with the port PAD0 of CPU, pull-up resistor R13, the T1 of temperature sensor is in series between the port PAD0 and CPU+5V power supply
Ground terminal be connected with CPU-GND, between the port PAD0 of CPU and CPU-GND be equipped with capacitor C10.The T1 of temperature sensor is
Negative temperature coefficient, resistance value at 100 DEG C are 4.52k Ω, and resistance value at 20 DEG C is 42.16k Ω；CPU reads the value of PAD0,
Pass through interpolation method, so that it may which the temperature value for calculating circuit board, the temperature such as circuit board is excessively high, then the pulse-width signal of CPU is defeated
The duty ratio of outlet CPU-PWM1 output can be 0/4, and charger is made to stop charging.
The foregoing is merely the preferable possible embodiments of the present invention, non-therefore limitation patent protection model of the invention
It encloses.In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, such as IGBT can be substituted with metal-oxide-semiconductor or silicon carbide,
All technical solutions formed using equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation, are all fallen within the protection domain of application claims.The present invention is not
Technical characteristic through describing can realize that details are not described herein by or using the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of AC-DC charger for electric vehicle, including AC-DC rectification circuit and DC-DC output voltage duty control circuit,
AC single phase power supply or three-phase ac power supply are rectified into direct current by AC-DC rectification circuit, it is characterised in that: the DC-DC is defeated
Voltage duty control circuit includes CPU, the input terminal phase of the pulse-width signal output end (CPU-PWM1) and optocoupler (G1) of CPU out
Even, the output end of optocoupler (G1) is connected with the control pulse input end (U4-IN) of drive module (U4), the driving arteries and veins of drive module
Output end (U4-HO) is rushed to be connected with the grid of each IGBT respectively；After the collector of each IGBT is in parallel with direct-flow positive pole after rectification
(VIN+) be connected, charging socket (CZ) be connected to each IGBT emitter and rectification after between direct current cathode (VIN-)；Each IGBT
Emitter and rectification after be connected with multiple charged side freewheeling diodes parallel with one another between direct current cathode (VIN-).
2. AC-DC charger for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pulse-width signal of CPU is defeated
Outlet (CPU-PWM1) is connected by current-limiting resistance R1 with the input anode of optocoupler (G1), the input cathode and CPU- of optocoupler (G1)
GND is connected, and is connected with pull down resistor R2 between the input positive and negative anodes of optocoupler (G1)；The output end collector and+15V of optocoupler (G1)
Power supply is connected, and the output end emitter of optocoupler (G1) is connected with the control pulse input end (U4-IN) of drive module (U4), control
Pulse input end (U4-IN) is connected by pull down resistor R3 with driving ground terminal (QD-GND), and the output end of optocoupler (G1) is parallel with
Sustained diode 1；The working power end (U4-Vcc) of drive module (U4) is connected with+15V power supply, drive module (U4) it is defeated
Ground end (U4-COM) is connected with driving ground terminal (QD-GND) and is connected by capacitor C1 with+15V power supply, charging socket (CZ)
Upper end is connected with output stage reference ground (U4-Vs), and output stage reference ground (U4-Vs) passes through capacitor C2 and output level work electricity
Source (U4-VB) is connected, and output stage working power end (U4-VB) is connected by diode D2 with+15V power supply；The hair of each IGBT
Resistance R4 and capacitor C3 are in series between direct current cathode (VIN-) after emitter-base bandgap grading and rectification.
3. AC-DC charger for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the emitter of each IGBT with fill
It is in series with anti-reverse charging diode group and inductance L4 between electrical socket (CZ), anti-reverse charging diode group includes multiple parallel with one another anti-
Reversely charging diode, the both ends of charging socket (CZ) are parallel with capacitor C4, direct current cathode after the emitter of each IGBT and rectification
(VIN-) pull down resistor R5 is in series between.
4. AC-DC charger for electric vehicle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the upper end of charging socket (CZ)
Charging voltage detection circuit is connected between CPU-GND, charging voltage detection circuit includes DC voltage isolation sensor
(U6) pass through the divider resistance R7 being serially connected with single supply operation buffer amplifier (U7), the upper end of charging socket (CZ) and divide
Piezoresistance R8 accesses the input terminal of DC voltage isolation sensor (U6), and the output end of DC voltage isolation sensor (U6) passes through
Current-limiting resistance is connected with the input terminal of single supply operation buffer amplifier (U7), the output of single supply operation buffer amplifier (U7)
End (OUT) is connected with the port PAD2 of CPU.
5. AC-DC charger for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the access of AC power source phase voltage
The input terminal of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter, and capacitor C5 is connected between the input terminal of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter；It is more
The output negative pole one (VO1-) of road output AC-DC converter is connected with CPU-GND, and the output of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter is just
Pole one (VO1+) is to CPU offer+5V power supply；The output negative pole two (VO2-) and driving ground terminal of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter
(QD-GND) it is connected, the output cathode two (VO2+) of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter is to drive module (U4) offer+15V power supply；
It is connected with each other between direct current cathode (VIN-) and driving ground terminal (QD-GND) by inductance L5 after rectification；Multiple-channel output AC-DC turns
Sustained diode 5, multiple-channel output AC-DC are connected between the output negative pole one (VO1-) and output cathode one (VO1+) of parallel operation
It is in series with inductance L6 between the output cathode one (VO1+) and CPU+5V power supply of converter, it is in parallel between CPU+5V and CPU-GND
It is connected with capacitor C6 and capacitor C7；The output negative pole two (VO2-) and output cathode two (VO2+) of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter
Between be connected with sustained diode 6, output cathode two (VO2+) and drive module+the 15V electricity of multiple-channel output AC-DC converter
It is in series with inductance L7 between source, is connected in parallel to capacitor C8 and electricity between drive module+15V power supply and driving ground terminal (QD-GND)
Hold C9.
6. AC-DC charger for electric vehicle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: be equipped with temperature on circuit board
(T1) of sensor, the temperature signal output end of (T1) of temperature sensor are connected with the port PAD0 of CPU, the port PAD0 with
Pull-up resistor R13 is in series between CPU+5V power supply, the ground terminal of (T1) of temperature sensor is connected with CPU-GND, CPU's
Capacitor C10 is equipped between the port PAD0 and CPU-GND.
7. AC-DC charger for electric vehicle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: inductance L4 and charging socket
(CZ) it is equipped between anode current sensor (H1), the current signal output end of current sensor (H1) and the PAD1 of CPU
Port is connected.
8. AC-DC charger for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: charging socket (CZ) is equipped with
One end of key switch (CZ1), key switch (CZ1) normally open contact is connected with CPU-GND, key switch (CZ1) normally open contact
The other end be connected with the port PJ6 of CPU, the port PJ6 of CPU is connected by pull-up resistor R6 with CPU+5V power supply.
9. AC-DC charger for electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the AC-DC rectification circuit is set
There are A, B, C three-phase input end, after three-phase bridge rectification and fuse (RX) and rectification after direct-flow positive pole (VIN+) and rectification
Direct current cathode (VIN-) is connected；A phase input terminal is in series with inductance L1, and B phase input terminal is in series with inductance L2, the series connection of C phase input terminal
There is inductance L3.
10. according to AC-DC for electric vehicle charger described in any one of claims 1 to 9, it is characterised in that: the charger
It is additionally provided with battery voltage value display circuit, the battery voltage value display circuit includes data latches one (U1), data
Latch two (U2) and data latches three (U3), data latches one (U1), data latches two (U2) and data latches
The data input pin of three (U3) is connected with PB0, PB1 of CPU to the end PB7 respectively, data latches one (U1), data latches two
(U2) and the data output end of data latches three (U3) shows that charactron is connected with battery voltage respectively, data latches one
(U1) chip select input end is connected with the port PA0 of CPU, the chip select input end of data latches two (U2) and the port PA1 of CPU
It is connected, the chip select input end of data latches three (U3) is connected with the port PA2 of CPU.
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| 丁左武: "具有自纠偏功能的数字式燃油表设计", 《山东理工大学学报》 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110509797B (en) | 2022-12-16 |
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Effective date of registration: 20221101 Address after: 317, Comprehensive Service Building from Nanjing Institute of Engineering to Xinyuan, No.1 Hongjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167 (Jiangning Gaoxin Park) Applicant after: Nanjing Duozi Control Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 211103 No. 1009 Tianyuan East Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu. Applicant before: Nanjing Dingbo controller Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20231227 Address after: No. 1009, Tianyuan East Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Nanjing Dingbo controller Co.,Ltd. Address before: 317, Comprehensive Service Building from Nanjing Institute of Engineering to Xinyuan, No.1 Hongjing Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167 (Jiangning Gaoxin Park) Patentee before: Nanjing Duozi Control Technology Co.,Ltd. |