CN110509634B - High-grade double-sided wear-resistant composite board and production method thereof - Google Patents

High-grade double-sided wear-resistant composite board and production method thereof Download PDF

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CN110509634B
CN110509634B CN201910821764.XA CN201910821764A CN110509634B CN 110509634 B CN110509634 B CN 110509634B CN 201910821764 A CN201910821764 A CN 201910821764A CN 110509634 B CN110509634 B CN 110509634B
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composite
wear
steel
equal
resistant steel
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CN110509634A (en
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蒋健博
张涛
刘芳芳
韩严法
胡奉雅
王佳骥
傅博
付魁军
及玉梅
林田子
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Angang Steel Co Ltd
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-grade double-sided wear-resistant composite board and a production method thereof. The composite plate is formed by compounding low-carbon low-alloy steel with the C content of less than or equal to 0.22 percent by mass and 550-grade wear-resistant steel or 600-grade wear-resistant steel on two sides, wherein the composite steel plate is formed by compounding the upper surface and the lower surface of the low-carbon low-alloy steel, and can be wear-resistant steel of the same grade or different grades. And (4) vacuumizing the composite blank, and then carrying out vacuum electron beam sealing welding, wherein the welding process is four-gun linkage. When each welding seam is welded, the welding seam is divided into N sections. Different grades of wear-resistant steel correspond to different sections; the composite blank is heated in a central heating mode, 1-2 hours before being discharged from the furnace, and the temperature of flame holes on the upper surfaces of the head and the tail of the composite blank is increased. The thickness of the composite board finished product is 20-90 mm respectively. The wear-resistant rubber belt is widely applied to easily-worn equipment in industries such as metallurgical machinery, building material machinery, electric machinery, mining machinery and the like.

Description

High-grade double-sided wear-resistant composite board and production method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a high-grade wear-resistant composite plate which is produced by applying a vacuum compounding and rolling technology and is compounded at the same grade or different grades above 550 grades.
Background
The double-sided wear-resistant composite steel plate is a double-sided wear-resistant composite material produced by adopting an advanced composite manufacturing technology, and is an advanced wear-resistant composite material in the industrial field. The base plate of the double-sided wear-resistant composite steel plate is made of ordinary carbon low alloy steel with good plasticity and toughness, and can absorb energy in the process of being impacted, so that the double-sided wear-resistant composite steel plate has stronger impact resistance and crack resistance compared with simple-substance wear-resistant steel, and can be applied to various easily-abraded devices in the industries of metallurgical machinery, building material machinery, electrical machinery, mining machinery and the like under working conditions of stronger vibration and impact.
At present, the domestic wear-resistant composite board mainly adopts a surfacing method, such as wear-resistant electrode surfacing, flux-cored wire surfacing and plasma surfacing. Meanwhile, related research and development work has also been conducted with respect to the powder method, the brazing method, the diffusion method, and the like. However, the technologies have respective limitations, and the surfacing welding of the wear-resistant welding rods adopts high-Cr and high-C cast iron welding rods for surfacing welding, is limited by the length of the cast iron welding rods, and is difficult to realize automatic welding; the performance of a surfacing layer of the flux-cored wire is influenced by the filling rate of the flux core and the dilution of a peripheral iron sheet, the content of a strengthening phase is difficult to improve, and the performance of an abrasion-resistant plate is further influenced; the wear-resistant plate prepared by plasma surfacing has the characteristics of high hardness and wear resistance, but the surfacing efficiency of the process is low, and the process is difficult to popularize on a large scale. Under the background, a great deal of research and development work on the preparation technology of the wear-resistant composite board is carried out by broad scholars.
CN101774288A discloses a 'metal part wear-resistant composite board and a repair process thereof', and a 'research on a manufacturing process method of a wear-resistant composite board' (a permitted resource, Chengge nationality, Liujianwei and the like, published in No. 8 of welding 2010, pages 37 to 40) and a 'wear-resistant composite board prepared by strip surfacing' (a land peak, a king element, a king Ling armor published in No. fourteenth national wear-resistant material meeting 2015 to 394) adopt a mode of surfacing a wear-resistant weld seam on a base steel plate to prepare the wear-resistant composite board, wherein the wear resistance of the wear-resistant composite board is 12 to 18 times higher than that of low-carbon steel, 5 times higher than that of stainless steel and high-manganese steel and 1 time higher than that of cast high-chromium iron. But the production efficiency is lower, the production cost is higher, and the method is not suitable for industrial mass production.
CN102212821A discloses "a method for preparing reinforced tungsten carbide wear-resistant composite plate", CN102212822A discloses "a method for processing metal wear-resistant composite plate and a processing device thereof", and CN102218615A discloses "a method for preparing thickened wear-resistant layer composite plate", all of the above three patents adopt a method for preparing wear-resistant composite plate by spreading relevant powder on a base steel plate and forming wear-resistant composite plate after heat treatment in a heating furnace, and the wear-resistant alloy of the working layer is not only smooth and beautiful in surface, but also can be directly used in the working conditions (such as baffle plate, etc.) requiring smooth surface. However, the wear-resistant composite plate prepared by the process has poor compactness of the wear-resistant layer, low wear resistance and short service life, and cannot meet the increasing actual requirements of engineering application.
CN107557537A discloses a method for preparing a high-toughness high-wear-resistance composite plate, and CN103264259A discloses a method for preparing a wear-resistance refractory brick mould plate and a rapid preparation method thereof, wherein the two patents adopt a mode of heating or adding transition metal to form metallurgical connection between a wear-resistance plate and a base steel plate for preparing the wear-resistance composite plate, and the wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance composite plate is high in wear resistance and corrosion resistance, high in production efficiency, long in service life, low in cost, energy-saving and environment-friendly. However, the process depends on the preparation of the wear-resistant composite plate in a non-pressure diffusion or brazing filler metal connection mode, the shearing resistance of a composite interface is low, the defects of layering, peeling and the like are easy to occur, the application under a high-load use environment cannot be met, and the service life is not reliably guaranteed.
In summary, the conventional surfacing welding method is still the main preparation process of the wear-resistant composite plate, and although related research and development work is also gradually carried out on other production processes, the wear-resistant composite plate still has more problems and has greater limitations. Meanwhile, the wear-resistant composite plates commonly used in domestic markets are 360-450 grades, and the development work of the wear-resistant composite plates above 450 grades, especially the high-grade double-sided wear-resistant composite plates required under special working conditions, is less, a large amount of research data support is lacked, and the application of the wear-resistant composite plates is greatly limited.
In the face of the increasing demands of wear-resistant composite materials in the field of engineering application, particularly the double-sided wear-resistant composite plate with high hardness level, an efficient and stable preparation process is urgently needed for producing the high-level wear-resistant composite plate. The rolling method is a novel high-efficiency composite board preparation process, and generally comprises vacuum assembly, heating and rolling processes. However, in the preparation process of the high-grade double-sided wear-resistant composite plate, due to the difference of the physical and chemical properties of the wear-resistant steel and the base steel, the problems of joint failure and plate type control often occur. Firstly, because the carbon content of the wear-resistant steel is high, welding cracks are easy to occur during assembly sealing welding, and particularly, during large-size composite blank sealing welding, the welding deformation and the welding stress are concentrated obviously, and joint cracking and failure are easy to occur. Secondly, the double-sided wear-resistant composite plate is formed by three layers of wear-resistant steel, carbon steel and wear-resistant steel in a superposed mode, after one layer of interface is sealed and welded in a vacuum mode, the other layer of interface is sealed and welded in a vacuum mode and can have the problems of gaps, deformation and the like, and great troubles are often formed for the whole sealing and welding. In addition, in the heating process of the composite blank, because the heating deformation of the composite blank is inconsistent, the stress directly acts on the position of the welding joint, and the problem of cracking and failure of the sealing joint is easy to occur. In the process of preparing the high-wear-resistance composite plate by adopting a conventional rolling method, the situation that a sealing joint of a composite blank is cracked and fails after sealing or in the heating process often occurs. Based on the problems, the success rate of preparing the high-grade double-sided wear-resistant steel composite plate by the conventional rolling method composite process is only about 50%.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the efficient and stable preparation method of the double-sided wear-resistant composite board with the same level or double sides and different levels above 550 levels, the crack sensitivity of a sealing joint is reduced, the success rate of the high-level double-sided wear-resistant composite board is improved, and meanwhile, the special assembly sealing and heating processes are adopted to ensure that the shearing strength of the composite surface is more than or equal to 500MPa, and the hardness of the upper wear-resistant layer and the lower wear-resistant layer respectively reach 550 levels and/or 600 levels.
A high-grade wear-resistant steel composite plate is formed by compounding low-carbon low-alloy steel with the C content of less than or equal to 0.22 percent by mass and 550-grade wear-resistant steel or 600-grade wear-resistant steel on two sides, wherein the composite steel plate is formed by compounding the upper surface and the lower surface of the low-carbon low-alloy steel, and can be wear-resistant steel of the same grade or different grades;
the 550-grade wear-resistant steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25% -0.30%, Si: 0.3% -0.5%, Mn: 0.40% -1.00%, Cr: 0.6-1.2%, Mo: 0.15% -0.4%, Nb: 0.01-0.03%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.50%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.50%, B: 0.0005% -0.0022%, Ti: 0.025% -0.04%, Als: 0.020-0.045%, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, less than or equal to 0.0080% of N, less than or equal to 0.0020% of O, more than or equal to 3.4% of Ti/N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the 600-grade wear-resistant steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35-0.40%, Si: 0.4-0.6%, Mn: 0.40% -1.00%, Cr: 0.8% -1.8%, Mo: 0.2% -0.6%, Nb: 0.01-0.03%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.60%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.60%, B: 0.0005% -0.0022%, Ti: 0.025% -0.04%, Als: 0.025 to 0.045 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0080 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of O, more than or equal to 3.4 percent of Ti/N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The carbon content in the base material is required to be below 0.22, so that on one hand, the lower carbon content can ensure the quality of the sealing and welding joint of the wear-resistant composite blank and reduce the crack tendency of the welding joint; on the other hand, the lower carbon content can ensure that the base layer has better impact resistance in the single-side online ultra-fast cooling treatment process.
Composition in 550-grade wear-resistant steel: c: the steel plate has ultrahigh surface hardness, and the hardenability of a thick steel plate during water cooling needs to be ensured by equivalent carbon content, the hardness of the steel is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the carbon content in a certain range, and simultaneously, a certain carbon content can be precipitated with Nb, Ti, Cr, Mo and the like to form carbide, so that the wear resistance is improved. If the carbon content is too high, the plasticity and toughness are reduced, and the welding performance is reduced, so that the high hardness, the welding performance and the low-temperature toughness of the steel plate are ensured, and therefore, the C content of the 550-grade wear-resistant steel is controlled to be 0.25-0.30%;
si: the main effects of the steel are solid solution strengthening and deoxidation, the steel is a non-carbide forming element, when the content of Si is more, the precipitation of carbide can be inhibited, but when the content of Si is more, the welding performance is reduced, and the toughness is influenced, so that the content of Si in the 550-grade wear-resistant steel is controlled to be 0.3-0.5%;
mn: the steel plate has the main effects of solid solution strengthening, the hardenability can be improved when the content is more than 0.4%, the carbon supersaturation degree in martensite is improved, the strength and the hardness are favorably improved, the cost is low, but the center segregation is easy to form when the content is more than 1.0, and the plate blank has the tendency of easy cracking; therefore, the Mn content of the 550-grade wear-resistant steel is controlled to be 0.4-1.0 percent;
nb: the steel is a strong carbon and nitrogen compound forming element, and mainly has the main functions of inhibiting the growth of crystal grains during heating by forming fine carbonitride in the steel and has a certain precipitation strengthening function during air cooling; nb is added to the steel to increase the recrystallization temperature of the steel sheet by inhibiting the austenite grain boundary motion. A proper amount of Nb is added into the steel plate, and when the steel plate is austenitized at high temperature, the undissolved NbC plays a role in nailing and rolling austenite grain boundaries, thereby preventing the austenite grain boundaries from being coarsened excessively. Nb dissolved in austenite suppresses austenite recrystallization and refines austenite grains in the two-stage rolling process. However, if the Nb content is too high, coarse NbC is formed, which affects the mechanical properties of the steel sheet. Therefore, the adding amount of the 550-grade wear-resistant steel Nb is 0.0-0.03%.
Ti: the compound can form a compound with nitrogen, carbon and sulfur, and mainly has the functions of inhibiting grain growth during heating by forming fine carbonitride in steel, enabling the niobium to be mainly combined with carbon by controlling the proportion of titanium and nitrogen (Ti/N is more than or equal to 3.4) when adding titanium, preventing free N in the steel from forming a compound with B, improving the yield of acid-soluble boron and fully exerting the function of improving the hardenability of B, but forming coarse TiN when the content is too high, and reducing the low-temperature toughness and fatigue performance of a steel plate, so that the addition amount of Ti in 550-grade wear-resistant steel is controlled to be 0.025-0.04%, and the Ti/N is more than or equal to 3.4.
Mo, Cr: the main effects are that the critical cooling speed is reduced, the hardenability of the steel plate is improved, a completely fine martensite structure is formed, in addition, chromium and molybdenum can form various carbides in steel, the strength and the hardness of the steel plate are improved, the hardness of the thick steel plate is ensured to be more than 550HB, the Mo content is more than 0.15 percent, the effect is obvious when the Cr content is more than 0.6 percent, the Mo and Cr contents are properly increased along with the increase of the thickness, but the Mo is expensive, and the weldability is reduced when the Mo and Cr are excessively added, so that the 550-grade wear-resistant steel controls the Cr: 0.6-1.2%, Mo: 0.15 to 0.4 percent.
B: the quenching hardenability can be greatly improved by adding a trace amount of boron into the steel, and the boron is very small in addition amount and has strong affinity with oxygen and nitrogen in the molten steel, so that the boron and the oxygen and nitrogen are easy to carry out chemical combination reaction with the molten steel, and the effect of improving the hardenability is lost. Therefore, the content of oxygen and nitrogen in the molten steel is reduced as much as possible before adding boron during smelting, but when the content of B is too much (more than or equal to 0.0025%), the enrichment is easy at a crystal boundary, the bonding energy of the crystal boundary is reduced, the steel plate is more prone to fracture along the crystal when being subjected to impact load, and the low-temperature impact absorption power of the steel plate is reduced. Therefore, the addition amount of the 550-grade wear-resistant steel B is 0.0005-0.0022%, and [ N ] is less than or equal to 0.0080% and [ O ] is less than or equal to 0.0020%.
Cu and Ni: 0.3-0.5% of copper is added into a steel plate with the thickness of more than 50mm, epsilon-Cu precipitation can be formed in the self-tempering process after quenching, the strength and the hardness of the steel are effectively improved, but the Cu-containing steel is easy to cause surface quality defects such as edge overburning, surface warping and the like due to copper brittleness in the heating and hot rolling processes. In order to improve the surface quality of Cu-containing steel, a high-melting-point Ni element is often added to the steel to form a high-melting-point Cu-Ni binary alloy phase, reduce a low-melting-point Cu-rich phase, and increase the solubility of Cu in the steel. For the purpose of completely inhibiting the copper brittleness defect of the Cu-containing steel, the weight ratio of Ni: controlling the Cu ratio to be more than 1: 2, Ni is also an element for simultaneously improving the hardness and low-temperature toughness of the steel plate with the thickness of more than 50mm, Ni and Fe form FeNi compounds, and when the steel plate is subjected to low-temperature impact load at a lower temperature, the solid-dissolved Ni can improve the low-temperature impact absorption power of the steel plate, but the Ni cost is higher, so that the mechanical property, particularly the low-temperature toughness at minus 40 ℃, of the steel plate with the 550-level wear-resistant steel thickness can be ensured by adding Ni of less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the steel plate has market competitiveness.
The components in 600-grade wear-resistant steel:
c: the steel plate has ultrahigh surface hardness, and the hardenability of a thick steel plate during water cooling needs to be ensured by equivalent carbon content, the hardness of the steel is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the carbon content in a certain range, and simultaneously, a certain carbon content can be precipitated with Nb, Ti, Cr, Mo and the like to form carbide, so that the wear resistance is improved. If the carbon content is too high, the plasticity and toughness are reduced, and the welding performance is reduced, so that the high hardness, the welding performance and the low-temperature toughness of the steel plate are ensured, and therefore, the C content of the 600-grade wear-resistant steel is controlled to be 0.35-0.40%;
si: the main effects of the steel are solid solution strengthening and deoxidation, the steel is a non-carbide forming element, when the content of Si is more, the precipitation of carbide can be inhibited, but when the content of Si is more, the welding performance is reduced, and the toughness is influenced, so that the content of Si in the 600-grade wear-resistant steel is controlled to be 0.4-0.6%;
mn: the steel plate has the main effects of solid solution strengthening, the hardenability can be improved when the content is more than 0.4%, the carbon supersaturation degree in martensite is improved, the strength and the hardness are favorably improved, the cost is low, but the center segregation is easy to form when the content is more than 1.0, and the plate blank has the tendency of easy cracking; therefore, the Mn content of the 600-grade wear-resistant steel is controlled to be 0.4-1.0 percent;
nb: the steel is a strong carbon and nitrogen compound forming element, and mainly has the main functions of inhibiting the growth of crystal grains during heating by forming fine carbonitride in the steel and has a certain precipitation strengthening function during air cooling; nb is added to the steel to increase the recrystallization temperature of the steel sheet by inhibiting the austenite grain boundary motion. A proper amount of Nb is added into the steel plate, and when the steel plate is austenitized at high temperature, the undissolved NbC plays a role in nailing and rolling austenite grain boundaries, thereby preventing the austenite grain boundaries from being coarsened excessively. Nb dissolved in austenite suppresses austenite recrystallization and refines austenite grains in the two-stage rolling process. However, if the Nb content is too high, coarse NbC is formed, which affects the mechanical properties of the steel sheet. Therefore, the addition amount of the 600-grade wear-resistant steel Nb is 0.0-0.03%.
Ti: the compound can form a compound with nitrogen, carbon and sulfur, and mainly has the functions of inhibiting grain growth during heating by forming fine carbonitride in steel, enabling the niobium to be mainly combined with carbon by controlling the proportion of titanium and nitrogen (Ti/N is more than or equal to 3.4) when adding titanium, preventing free N in the steel from forming a compound with B, improving the yield of acid-soluble boron and fully exerting the function of improving the hardenability of B, but forming coarse TiN when the content is too high, and reducing the low-temperature toughness and fatigue performance of a steel plate, so that the addition amount of Ti in the 600-grade wear-resistant steel is controlled to be 0.025-0.04%, and the Ti/N is more than or equal to 3.4.
Mo, Cr: the main effects are that the critical cooling speed is reduced, the hardenability of the steel plate is improved, a completely fine martensite structure is formed, in addition, chromium and molybdenum can form various carbides in steel, the strength and the hardness of the steel plate are improved, the hardness of the thick steel plate is ensured to be more than 600HB, the Mo content is more than 0.2 percent, the effect is obvious when the Cr content is more than 0.8 percent, the Mo and Cr contents are properly increased along with the increase of the thickness, but the Mo is expensive, and the weldability is reduced when the Mo and Cr are excessively added, so that the 600-grade wear-resistant steel controls the Cr: 0.8-1.8%, Mo: 0.2 to 0.6 percent.
B: the quenching hardenability can be greatly improved by adding a trace amount of boron into the steel, and the boron is very small in addition amount and has strong affinity with oxygen and nitrogen in the molten steel, so that the boron and the oxygen and nitrogen are easy to carry out chemical combination reaction with the molten steel, and the effect of improving the hardenability is lost. Therefore, the content of oxygen and nitrogen in the molten steel is reduced as much as possible before adding boron during smelting, but when the content of B is too much (more than or equal to 0.0025%), the enrichment is easy at a crystal boundary, the bonding energy of the crystal boundary is reduced, the steel plate is more prone to fracture along the crystal when being subjected to impact load, and the low-temperature impact absorption power of the steel plate is reduced. Therefore, the addition amount of the 600-grade wear-resistant steel B is 0.0005-0.0022%, and [ N ] is less than or equal to 0.0080% and [ O ] is less than or equal to 0.0020%.
Cu and Ni: less than 0.6 percent of copper is added into the steel plate, epsilon-Cu precipitation can be formed in the self-tempering process after quenching, the strength and the hardness of the steel are effectively improved, but the Cu-containing steel is easy to cause surface quality defects such as edge over-burning, surface warping and the like due to copper brittleness in the heating and hot rolling processes. In order to improve the surface quality of Cu-containing steel, a high-melting-point Ni element is often added to the steel to form a high-melting-point Cu-Ni binary alloy phase, reduce a low-melting-point Cu-rich phase, and increase the solubility of Cu in the steel. For the purpose of completely inhibiting the copper brittleness defect of the Cu-containing steel, the weight ratio of Ni: controlling the Cu ratio to be more than 1: ni is also an element for improving the hardness and low-temperature toughness of the steel plate, Ni and Fe form FeNi compounds, and the solid-dissolved Ni can improve the low-temperature impact absorption power of the steel plate when the steel plate is subjected to low-temperature impact load at a lower temperature, but the Ni cost is higher, so that the mechanical property, particularly the low-temperature toughness at minus 40 ℃, of the steel plate with the 600-grade wear-resistant steel thickness specification can be ensured by adding Ni of less than or equal to 0.6%, and the steel plate has market competitiveness.
A production method of a high-grade double-sided wear-resistant composite plate comprises material selection, surface treatment, composite blank assembly, vacuum welding, rolling and surface grinding, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a base material and a composite material as raw materials for assembly. The base material is low-carbon low-alloy steel with the mass percent of C being less than or equal to 0.22%, the base material and the composite material can be continuous casting billets, intermediate billets, steel plates and the like, the length and the width of the base material and the width of the composite material are the same, and the thickness ratio of the base material to the composite material is 1-2. Wherein the length is 2-4 m, the width is 1-3 m, the thickness of the base material is 60-90 mm, and the thickness of the composite material is 30-45 mm. The thickness ratio of the base material to the composite material limits the proportion of the composite material in the composite blank on one hand, and ensures that the high wear resistance of the composite layer and the impact resistance of the base layer can be obtained in the subsequent heat treatment process; on the other hand, the total thickness of the composite blank is limited, the stress amplitude in the assembly welding process is limited, and the deformation consistency in the heating process of the composite blank is ensured. Structurally reducing the crack sensitivity of the composite blank seal weld joint during welding and heating.
(2) And processing the surfaces to be contacted of the base material and the composite material, polishing the surfaces of the base material and the composite material in machining modes such as a planer or a milling machine and the like, and removing the rust layer and the oxide layer of the surface to be contacted.
And removing the oxide layer on the surface to be compounded of the base material and the composite material by using a planing machine or a milling machine and other machining methods, wherein the machining depth is 5-10 mm, and no cooling liquid is added in the machining process. The surface to be compounded of the blank is polished before assembly, a rust layer and an oxide layer are removed, the surface to be compounded of the blank is contacted with each other by fresh metal in the rolling process, metallurgical bonding between the surface to be compounded of the blank and the oxide layer is facilitated, the bonding quality is improved, and the defects of inclusion, air holes, non-bonding and the like are avoided.
(3) And (3) carrying out degreasing treatment on the surfaces to be compounded of the base material and the composite material.
And (3) performing degreasing treatment on the interface to be compounded of the base material and the composite material by using 99.99% high-purity alcohol, and wiping by using non-woven fabrics. After the machining treatment of the surfaces to be compounded of the base material and the composite material is finished, degreasing treatment is further performed by using high-purity alcohol, and the non-woven fabric is used for wiping, so that the cleanliness of the surfaces to be compounded can be effectively improved, and good metallurgical bonding can be formed between the composite interfaces of the wear-resistant composite plate.
(4) And (3) sequentially and centrally stacking the base material and the composite material from top to bottom to form a composite blank.
When the composite materials are in different grades, the upper layer composite material is 550-grade wear-resistant steel, and the lower layer composite material is 600-grade wear-resistant steel, namely, the double-sided opposite-nature wear-resistant composite blank consists of 550-grade wear-resistant steel, steel and 600-grade wear-resistant steel from top to bottom.
(5) And vacuumizing the assembled composite blank, and then carrying out vacuum electron beam sealing welding to ensure that the interface between the base material and the composite material to be compounded is in a vacuum environment.
The vacuum degree of the environment of the composite blank is less than or equal to 4.5 multiplied by 10-2Pa; the composite blank is subjected to vacuum electron beam packaging welding in a vacuum environment, so that the gas content between joint surfaces can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the phenomenon that the joint rate is not qualified due to gas residue after rolling is avoided. In addition, the reduction of the gas content between the joint surfaces also contributes to preventing secondary oxidation of the joint surfaces and to improving the joint performance.
When the composite materials are in the same grade: the effective penetration of vacuum electron beam seal welding is 30-40 mm, when the upper and lower wear-resistant steels are 550-grade wear-resistant steels, the depth-to-width ratio is 7-8, and the focus position deviates 1-2 mm to the base material side; when the upper and lower wear-resistant steels are 600-grade wear-resistant steels, the depth-to-width ratio is 5-6, and the focus position shifts 1.5-2.5 mm to the substrate side.
When the composite material is in different grades: the effective penetration of vacuum electron beam seal welding is 30-40 mm, the depth-to-width ratio of 550-grade wear-resistant steel on the upper layer of the seal welding is 7-8, and the focus position deviates 1-2 mm to the base material side; for the seal welding lower 600-grade wear-resistant steel, the depth-to-width ratio is 5-6, and the focus position deviates 1.5-2.5 mm towards the base material side.
The method adopts an electron beam welding process for packaging and welding, can finish welding with large fusion depth under the condition of lower heat input, has larger depth-to-width ratio of the obtained welding joint, and reduces the influence of the welding process on the structure and the performance of the composite blank. Meanwhile, the cost control of industrial mass production is facilitated without using welding materials and reducing welding energy consumption. The welding process of offsetting towards the substrate side is adopted, chemical components in a welding molten pool can be regulated, a joint structure is prevented from being subjected to a martensite region, the joint strength is ensured, and the joint crack sensitivity is reduced.
The vacuum electron beam welding sequence is four-gun linkage, namely the four long sides are sealed and welded firstly, and then the four short sides are sealed and welded; when 550-grade wear-resistant steel and a base material are welded in a sealing mode, each welding seam is divided into N sections when being welded, N is larger than or equal to 5, the length of each section is 200-400 mm, the welding sequence is that welding of the middle section is firstly carried out, and then welding of the rest sections is carried out in a left-right alternating sequence; when the 600-grade wear-resistant steel and the base material are welded in a sealing mode, each welding seam is divided into N sections when being welded, N is larger than or equal to 10, the length of each section is 100-200 mm, the welding sequence is that the middle section is welded firstly, and then the rest sections are welded in a left-right alternating sequence. The four-gun linkage process can ensure the deformation consistency of the composite blank and reduce the stress concentration degree; the welding deformation and stress can be gradually released by adopting the sequence of firstly carrying out long-edge welding and then carrying out short-edge welding and alternatively carrying out welding from the middle to the two sides, so that the amplitude of the welding stress is reduced. The crack sensitivity of the wear-resistant composite blank in the assembly and seal welding process is reduced through a special seal welding process.
(6) And heating the combined blank subjected to vacuum treatment to 1200-1250 ℃, and preserving heat, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to the thickness of the composite blank multiplied by 1 min/mm.
The composite blank is heated by a flame chamber furnace, and a central heating mode is adopted during heating, namely a heating flame hole is positioned at the upper and lower central positions of the long and wide planes of the composite blank, so that the composite blank is heated directly from the center and is heated in a mode of conducting to the periphery. The central heating process is carried out by adopting the flame chamber furnace, so that the composite blank can be subjected to expansion deformation from the center, the conditions that the deformation is inconsistent and the sealing joint is subjected to stress concentration to further crack failure due to the fact that the surface layer of the composite blank is heated and the center is heated slowly are avoided, and the crack sensitivity of the composite blank in the heating process is reduced.
1-2 hours before the composite blank is discharged from a furnace, and when the lowest layer of wear-resistant steel is 550-grade wear-resistant steel, the temperature of a flame opening on the upper surface of the head and the tail of the composite blank is increased by 40-50 ℃; when the lowest layer of wear-resistant steel is 600-grade wear-resistant steel, the temperature of the flame ports on the upper surface of the head and the tail of the composite blank is increased by 50-60 ℃; the head and tail upper surface heating method can improve the temperature of the head and tail upper surface within a certain range, improve the deformation degree in the rolling process, effectively avoid the problem of head warping of the composite billet in the rolling process, and improve the rolling success rate of the composite billet.
(7) Rolling at 1180-1200 ℃, wherein the first reduction rate is 10-15%, and the total reduction rate is more than or equal to 50%. The rolling is carried out in a symmetrical assembly mode, so that the process complexity of industrial mass production can be effectively simplified, the production efficiency is improved, and the problems of coating of the separant of the symmetrical assembly and warping and deformation of the composite blank in the rolling process are solved.
(8) And carrying out on-line ultra-fast cooling treatment after rolling. And watering and cooling the upper and lower surface clad layers of the composite board by adopting on-line ultra-fast cooling, so that the cooling speed of the clad layers is 3-5 ℃/s, and the temperature measurement and re-reddening temperature of the clad layers after cooling is less than 300 ℃. Wherein, the compound layer is watered and cooled by adopting on-line ultra-fast cooling, so that a high-hardness martensite structure can be obtained, and the wear resistance of the martensite structure is ensured. Meanwhile, the cooling speed of the base layer side is effectively controlled, so that the high impact resistance is obtained.
(9) And straightening, trimming and grinding the surface to obtain the wear-resistant composite board with the target thickness, wherein the thickness range is 20-90 mm.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior product, the high-grade double-sided wear-resistant composite board of the invention has the advantages that:
1. the prepared wear-resistant composite board has the composite interface shear strength of over 500MPa, the bonding rate of 100 percent and the Brinell hardness of the upper and lower wear-resistant layers of over 530 and 570 respectively.
2. The crack sensitivity of the wear-resistant composite blank in the assembly sealing and welding and heating processes is reduced, the head warping problem of the wear-resistant composite blank in the rolling process is improved, the production efficiency is improved to more than 80% from about 50% originally, the composite blank is flat in plate shape, the composite interface performance is stable, and the wear-resistant composite blank has excellent wear resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heterogeneous high-grade wear-resistant composite panel; fig. 2 is a schematic view of a homogeneous 550/600 wear-resistant double-sided composite board.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention in detail, and are intended to be a general description of the invention, and not to limit the invention.
Table 1 shows the actual material quality of the examples of the present invention; table 2 shows the raw material specifications of the examples of the present invention; table 3 shows the actual material and material specifications of the low-carbon low-alloy steel according to the embodiment of the invention; table 4 shows the information related to the composite blanks according to the embodiment of the present invention; table 5 shows the information related to the vacuum sealing according to the embodiment of the present invention; table 6 shows the process and blank information before rolling in the embodiment of the present invention; table 7 shows the rolling schedule of the examples of the present invention; table 8 shows the mechanical properties of the example composite panels.
Table 1 example chemical composition (wt%) of heterogeneous wear resistant steel
Figure BDA0002187745910000141
Note: examples 1 to 4 are heterogeneous double-sided composite plates of 550-grade wear-resistant steel, low-carbon low-alloy steel and 600-grade wear-resistant steel; examples 5 to 6 are homogeneous double-sided composite plates of 550-grade wear-resistant steel, low-carbon low-alloy steel and 550-grade wear-resistant steel; examples 7 to 8 are homogeneous two-sided composite sheets of 600-grade wear-resistant steel, low-carbon low-alloy steel, and 600-grade wear-resistant steel, and the following tables are the same.
TABLE 2 raw material specifications for inventive examples
Examples Steel grade Source Length/m Width/m Thickness/mm
1 NM550、NM600 Intermediate blank 4 3 40
2 NM550、NM600 Sheet material 3.6 2.8 30
3 NM550、NM600 Intermediate blank 3.6 2.8 40
4 NM550、NM600 Continuous casting billet 4 3 45
5 NM550 Intermediate blank 4 3 40
6 NM550 Sheet material 3.6 2.8 30
7 NM600 Intermediate blank 3.6 2.8 40
8 NM600 Continuous casting billet 4 3 45
TABLE 3 actual material quality and raw material specification of low-carbon low-alloy steel according to the present invention
Figure BDA0002187745910000151
Table 4 information on composite blanks according to examples of the present invention
Examples Machining mode Machining depth/mm Degree of vacuum/Pa
1 Milling and grinding 7 3.2×10-2
2 Milling and grinding 6 4.4×10-2
3 Milling and grinding 6 4.0×10-2
4 Planing and grinding 7 3.8×10-2
5 Milling and grinding 7 3.2×10-2
6 Milling and grinding 6 4.4×10-2
7 Milling and grinding 6 4.0×10-2
8 Planing and grinding 7 3.8×10-2
TABLE 5 vacuum seal related information for embodiments of the present invention
Figure BDA0002187745910000161
TABLE 6 Pre-rolling process and billet information for embodiments of the present invention
Figure BDA0002187745910000171
TABLE 7 Rolling schedule of examples of the present invention
Figure BDA0002187745910000172
Table 8 mechanical properties of the composite panels of the examples
Figure BDA0002187745910000181
It can be seen from the examples that the double-sided homogeneous or heterogeneous composite plate compounded by 550 or 600 grades of same/different grades of wear-resistant steel according to the invention has yield strength, tensile strength and elongation meeting the requirements of relevant standards, and for the heterogeneous double-sided composite plate: the room temperature impact is more than or equal to 116J, the shearing strength of the composite surface is more than or equal to 502MPa, the Brinell hardness of the upper composite layer is more than or equal to 532, the Brinell hardness of the lower composite layer is more than or equal to 573, and the ultrasonic inspection results show that the composite material is 100 percent qualified. For a 550-grade homogeneous double-sided composite board, the room temperature impact is more than or equal to 111J, the shear strength of the composite surface is more than or equal to 502MPa, the Brinell hardness of the composite layer is more than or equal to 532, and the composite board is 100% qualified through ultrasonic inspection. For a 600-grade homogeneous double-sided composite board, the room temperature impact is more than or equal to 120J, the shearing strength of the composite surface is more than or equal to 532MPa, the Brinell hardness of the composite layer is more than or equal to 574, and the composite board is 100% qualified through ultrasonic inspection. The seal welding joint has no cracking in the welding and heating processes, and the composite blank has no head warping problem in the rolling process. The wear-resistant rubber belt is widely applied to various easily-worn devices in the industries of metallurgical machinery, building material machinery, electric machinery, mining machinery and the like.

Claims (2)

1. A production method of a high-grade double-sided wear-resistant steel composite plate comprises material selection, surface treatment, composite blank assembly, vacuum welding, rolling and surface polishing, and is characterized in that,
(1) selecting a base material and a composite material as raw materials for assembly, wherein the base material is low-carbon low-alloy steel with the mass percent of C being less than or equal to 0.22%, the base material and the composite material are continuous casting billets, intermediate billets and steel plates, the length and the width of the base material and the width of the composite material are the same, and the thickness ratio of the base material to the composite material is 1-2, wherein the length is 2-4 m, the width is 1-3 m, the thickness of the base material is 60-90 mm, and the thickness of the composite material is 30-45 mm;
(2) processing the surfaces to be contacted of the base material and the composite material, and removing a rust layer and an oxide layer on the surface to be contacted, wherein the processing depth is 6-10 mm;
(3) carrying out degreasing treatment on the surfaces to be compounded of the base material and the composite material;
(4) sequentially and centrally stacking and assembling the base material and the composite material from top to bottom to form a composite blank;
when the composite materials are heterogeneous, the upper layer composite material is 550-grade wear-resistant steel, and the lower layer composite material is 600-grade wear-resistant steel, namely, the double-sided opposite-nature wear-resistant composite blank consists of 550-grade wear-resistant steel, steel and 600-grade wear-resistant steel from top to bottom;
(5) vacuumizing the assembled composite blank, and then carrying out vacuum electron beam sealing welding to enable the interface between the base material and the composite material to be composited to be in a vacuum environment; the environmental vacuum degree of the composite blank is 4.0 multiplied by 10-2～4.4×10-2Pa；
When the 550-grade wear-resistant steel and the base material are subjected to sealing welding, the effective penetration of the vacuum electron beam sealing welding is 30-40 mm, the depth-to-width ratio is 7-8, and the focus position deviates 1-2 mm towards the base material side; when the 600-grade wear-resistant steel and the base material are subjected to sealing welding, the effective penetration of vacuum electron beam sealing welding is 37-38 mm, the depth-to-width ratio is 5-6, and the focus position deviates 1.5-2.5 mm towards the base material side;
the vacuum electron beam welding sequence is four-gun linkage, namely the four long sides are sealed and welded firstly, and then the four short sides are sealed and welded; when the 550-grade wear-resistant steel and the base material are welded in a sealing mode, each welding line is divided into N sections, N is larger than or equal to 5, the length of each section is 200-400 mm, the welding sequence is that the middle section number is welded firstly, and then the rest section numbers are welded in a left-right alternating sequence; when the 600-grade wear-resistant steel and the base material are welded in a sealing mode, each welding line is divided into N sections, N is larger than or equal to 10, the length of each section is 100-200 mm, the welding sequence is that the middle section number is welded firstly, and then the rest section numbers are welded in a left-right alternating sequence;
(6) heating the combined blank subjected to vacuum treatment to 1235-1240 ℃, and preserving heat, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to the thickness of the composite blank multiplied by 1 min/mm;
the composite blank is heated by adopting a central heating mode, wherein a heating flame hole is positioned at the upper and lower central positions of the long and wide planes of the composite blank, so that the composite blank is heated directly from the center and is heated to the periphery;
1-2 hours before the composite blank is discharged from a furnace, and when the lowest layer of wear-resistant steel is 550-grade wear-resistant steel, the temperature of a flame opening on the upper surface of the head and the tail of the composite blank is increased by 40-50 ℃; when the lowest layer of wear-resistant steel is 600-grade wear-resistant steel, the temperature of the flame ports on the upper surface of the head and the tail of the composite blank is increased by 50-60 ℃;
(7) rolling at 1190-1200 ℃, wherein the first reduction rate is 10-15%, and the total reduction rate is 50-60%;
(8) after rolling, watering and cooling the upper and lower surface clad layers of the composite board by adopting on-line ultra-fast cooling, so that the cooling speed of the clad layers is 3-5 ℃/s, and after cooling, measuring the temperature and returning the temperature to the red to be less than 300 ℃ on the clad layers;
(9) straightening, trimming and grinding the surface to obtain the wear-resistant composite board with the target thickness; the composite plate is formed by compounding low-carbon low-alloy steel with the C content of less than or equal to 0.22 percent by mass and 550-grade wear-resistant steel or 600-grade wear-resistant steel on two sides, and the composite steel plate is formed by compounding the upper surface and the lower surface of the low-carbon low-alloy steel with the same-grade wear-resistant steel or different-grade wear-resistant steel;
the 550-grade wear-resistant steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25% -0.30%, Si: 0.3% -0.5%, Mn: 0.40% -1.00%, Cr: 0.6% -1.2%, Mo: 0.15% -0.4%, Nb: 0.01-0.03%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.50%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.50%, B: 0.0005% -0.0022%, Ti: 0.025% -0.04%, Als: 0.020-0.045%, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, less than or equal to 0.0080% of N, less than or equal to 0.0020% of O, more than or equal to 3.4% of Ti/N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the 600-grade wear-resistant steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35-0.40%, Si: 0.4-0.6%, Mn: 0.40% -1.00%, Cr: 0.8% -1.8%, Mo: 0.2% -0.6%, Nb: 0.01-0.03%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.60%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.60%, B: 0.0005% -0.0022%, Ti: 0.025% -0.04%, Als: 0.025 to 0.045 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0080 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.0020 percent of O, more than or equal to 3.4 percent of Ti/N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The composite plate produced by the production method of the high-grade double-sided wear-resistant steel composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the finished composite plate is 20-90 mm.
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