CN110509567B - 3D forming machine and method - Google Patents
3D forming machine and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110509567B CN110509567B CN201910626362.4A CN201910626362A CN110509567B CN 110509567 B CN110509567 B CN 110509567B CN 201910626362 A CN201910626362 A CN 201910626362A CN 110509567 B CN110509567 B CN 110509567B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/0029—Cold deforming of thermoplastics material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D forming machine and a method, which comprises a base platform, wherein stand columns are symmetrically arranged on the base platform, a cross beam is arranged at the top of each stand column, an x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever is fixed in the middle of each cross beam, a main machine head assembly is connected onto the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever, and an x-axis servo motor used for driving the main machine head assembly to move along the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever is arranged at the end part of the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever; the main machine head assembly comprises a conducting device capable of moving along an x-direction advancing and retreating shaft rod, an a shaft is connected onto the conducting device, the bottom of the a shaft is connected with a cutter head through a clamping device, and an a shaft servo motor for driving the a shaft to move is arranged at the top of the a shaft; still the symmetry is provided with a pair of y axle and removes work platform on the base platform, and every y axle removes and is provided with two z axostylus axostyle stands on the work platform symmetrically, is connected with y axle servo motor on the y axle removes work platform, all is provided with z axle servo motor on every z axostylus axostyle stand, and the workstation that is used for fixed work piece is installed at the top of z axostylus axostyle stand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rapid molding equipment, and particularly relates to a rapid 3D molding machine integrating the technologies of machines, electricity, software and the like and a method.
Background
Throughout the 3D printing market at home and abroad at present, the 3D printing industry generally has application materials and application limitations, which are expressed as the following points.
1. The template developed and manufactured in the early stage of the product can not be directly used as the product, but is used as a verification means to meet the development rhythm.
2. The development time is much faster than that of the traditional means, but inevitably brings about a plurality of lag pollution problems, such as lag problems brought by 3D printing products: contamination, waste, irreversible material handling problems, and the like.
3. The materials consumed by the 3D printing equipment are specially made, the cost is high, the materials are basically monopolized by foreign companies and sold in China, and the manufacturing requirements of the 3D printing equipment on the section bar and the mature materials in the market can not be met basically.
4. After the idea product is verified, the die is required to be opened for small-batch and mass production, the manufacturing of the die is known to be a complicated and time-consuming project which consumes materials and large funds, the cost occupancy rate of the product can reach 30% -50% according to the batch, and the cost of special industries even can not be recovered, such as national defense products and military supplies. For example, the outer skin of the automobile industry and airplanes is difficult to meet personalized requirements, the die is large in size, the amount of special steel occupied is large, and according to the statistics of 2018, the die steel yield in China is about 236.2 ten thousand tons. Wherein, the consumption die steel in the automobile industry accounts for about 35 percent of the total amount of the market; the consumption die steel in the household appliance industry accounts for about 20% of the total amount of the market; the die steel for electronic communication industries such as computers, mobile phones, electronic equipment and the like accounts for about 20% of the market.
Therefore, in order to accelerate and adapt to more and more personalized market demands, save the die steel investment and the die manufacturing period, avoid the problems of lag pollution and material limitation caused by 3D printing material consumption, accelerate the research and development progress and the customization speed, it is imperative to develop a device which can save the research and development verification period, save the research and development period, and can draw materials from the market to meet the requirement of immediate manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D forming machine and a method, which are used for overcoming the problems in the prior art. The invention has simple structure, convenient operation and wide material application range, abandons the complicated traditional mould and can quickly realize the conversion from the design concept to the product entity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A3D forming machine comprises a base platform, wherein stand columns are symmetrically arranged on the base platform, a cross beam is arranged at the top of each stand column, an x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever is fixed in the middle of each cross beam, a main machine head assembly is connected onto the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever, and an x-axis servo motor used for driving the main machine head assembly to move along the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever is arranged at the end part of the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever;
the main machine head assembly comprises a conducting device capable of moving along an x-direction advancing and retreating shaft rod, an a shaft capable of vertically moving is connected to the conducting device, the bottom of the a shaft is connected with a tool bit for applying static pressure to the surface of a workpiece through a clamping device, and an a shaft servo motor for driving the a shaft to move is arranged at the top of the a shaft;
still the symmetry is provided with a pair of y axle and removes work platform on the base platform, and the symmetry is provided with two z axostylus axostyle stands on every y axle removes work platform, is connected with the y axle servo motor who is used for driving z axostylus axostyle stand along the motion of y axle on the y axle removes work platform, all is provided with the z axle servo motor that can make its independent oscilaltion on every z axostylus axostyle stand, and the workstation that is used for fixed work piece is installed at the top of z axost.
Furthermore, the crossbeam is symmetrically provided with a main machine head guide rod for guiding the main machine head assembly, and the main machine head guide rod is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the x-direction driving and reversing shaft rod.
Furthermore, a main control computer is connected to the upright column, an output signal of the main control computer is connected to a control box, and the control box is used for controlling the operation of the x-axis servo motor, the y-axis servo motor, the z-axis servo motor and the a-axis servo motor and receiving pulse data monitoring signals fed back by the servo motors.
Further, a molding substrate is provided on the lower side of the cutter head, and a 0-base calibration point for calibrating the 0 reference point in each molding process is marked on the molding substrate.
Furthermore, the tool bit is a pressure-resistant, temperature-resistant, wear-resistant and deformation-resistant hard tool bit.
A3D forming method includes that a cutter head conducts laminated machining on a workpiece under the driving of an a-axis servo motor, a main machine head assembly moves back and forth along an x axis under the driving of an x-direction advancing and retreating shaft rod, a workbench moves back and forth along a y axis under the control of a y-axis servo motor, a z shaft rod upright post drives the workbench to ascend and descend after each manufacturing layer is completed, the cutter head applies static pressure to the surface of the workpiece, a molded surface is formed on the surface of the workpiece according to a path controlled by programming, and finally the product is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, long service life and convenient operation, can quickly manufacture different appearances of the same product by controlling the four-axis linkage of the x axis, the y axis, the z axis and the a axis, can finish the appearance effect of diversified varieties in a short time, provides a platform for communication of opinions and evaluations, and the manufactured product is not a sample plate, a model, an evaluation first edition and the like but a real product.
The invention adopts the y-axis movable working platform and the z-axis rod upright post arranged on the y-axis movable working platform to support the working platform, and is assisted with the X-direction advance and retreat shaft rod to form a three-dimensional working platform.
And thirdly, the cutter head has wide application range and can be used for various plastic materials.
And fourthly, the invention abandons the traditional die which is a difficult-to-cross gateway, can directly generate products, and the performance index of the finished products can reach the design standard.
Fifthly, the invention can make grooves on vertical or horizontal surfaces and reverse tilt angles under the control of the axis a.
And sixthly, no material is added and cutting waste is generated in the manufacturing process, the method is essentially different from the existing 3D printer, and the conversion from a design concept to a product entity can be quickly realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a left-side view structure diagram of fig. 1.
The automatic cutting machine comprises a main control computer 1, a control box 2, a main machine head assembly 3, a 4-a-axis servo motor, a clamping device 5, a tool bit 6, a 7-x-axis servo motor, an 8-x-direction advancing and retreating shaft rod 9, a main machine head guide rod 10, an upright post 11, a y-axis servo motor 12, a z-axis upright post 13, a workbench 14, a workpiece 15, a y-axis moving workbench and a base platform 16.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a 3D forming machine comprises a main body support, a workbench 13, a main head assembly 3, a main control computer 1, a control box 2 and a peripheral circuit, wherein the main body support comprises a base platform 16 and upright posts 10 symmetrically arranged on the base platform 16, a cross beam is arranged at the top of each upright post 10, an x-direction advance and retreat shaft rod 8 capable of moving along the x axis of a horizontal plane is arranged in the middle of each cross beam, the main head assembly 3 moves along the x-direction advance and retreat shaft rod 8 under the driving of an x-axis servo motor 7, the main head assembly 3 comprises a conduction device capable of moving along the x-direction advance and retreat shaft rod 8, an a axis connected with the conduction device, a clamping device 5 connected to the a axis, and a tool bit 6 connected with the clamping device 5.
The cutter head 6 is a wear-resistant, temperature-resistant, deformation-resistant and pressure-resistant cutter head.
The work table 13 is a work holding device, and the work table 13 is mounted on a z-axis shaft column 12 controlled to be lifted and lowered, and the z-axis shaft column 12 is mounted on a y-axis moving work table 15. The movement of the z-axis spindle post 12 on the y-axis moving work platform 15 is controlled by a y-axis servomotor 11.
The output signal of the main control computer 1 and the acquired feedback signal are input and output by the control box 2, the main control computer 1 controls four shafts (an x shaft, a y shaft, a z shaft and an a shaft) to be linked, the feedback signal is used for controlling precision and compensating processing precision, and the final concept design object is completed by adopting a layer-by-layer laminating and rolling mode in the using process.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
A3D make-up machine, by the body support, the work platform, the assembly 3 of the main engine head, the master control computer 1, the control box 2 and peripheral circuit make up, wherein, the body support has a base platform 16 and sets up the pillar stand 10 on the base platform 16 symmetrically, the pillar stand 10 is two or four opposite, equipped with the crossbeam on the top of the pillar stand 10, the X-direction advance and retreat axostylus axostyle 8 and crossbeam are fixedly connected, the X-axis servomotor 7 connects the X-direction advance and retreat axostylus axostyle 8, the assembly 3 of the main engine head connects on the X-direction advance and retreat axostylus axostyle 8, under the drive of the X-direction advance and retreat axostylus axostyle 8, the assembly 3 of the main engine head moves along the horizontal; the working platform comprises a Z-axis rod upright post 12 which is driven by 4 independent Z-axis servo motors and can independently and interlockingly ascend and descend and a working platform 13 which is arranged at the top end of the Z-axis rod upright post 12, and the lower part of the Z-axis rod upright post 12 is connected on a y-axis movable working platform 15.
The output signal of the master control computer is connected to the control box 2, and a signal source inlet and a working computer access inlet arranged on the control box 2 respectively control the servo motors of the x, y, z and a axes and the fed back pulse data monitoring signal to receive the working signal of the controller.
In the 3D printing and forming machine, the tool bit 6 is a pressure-resistant hard head, a reference forming substrate is provided below the tool bit, 0-base calibration points are marked on the substrate, the calibration points are picked up by a sensor and combined with manufacturing software, and the calibration points are used for calibrating the 0-base calibration points after each layer is manufactured.
In the above 3D forming machine, the y-axis movable working platform 15 is connected to the base platform 16 of the main body support, and the working platform is movable on the y-axis movable working platform 15.
The lower end of a main machine head assembly is connected with a clamping device 5 used for clamping a tool bit 6 through an a shaft controlled by an a shaft servo motor 4, the tool bit 6 can be adjusted at an angle of 180 degrees under the control of the a shaft servo motor 4, the tool bit 6 can be driven by the a shaft servo motor 4 to process a workpiece 14 in a laminated mode and can be used for manufacturing a concave surface and a small chamfer angle on a surface perpendicular to a z shaft (or a surface parallel to the z shaft), the main machine head assembly moves forward and backward along the x shaft, the y shaft is controlled by a servo motor 11 to move forward and backward along the y shaft by a worktable, a worktable is driven to lift after each manufacturing layer is completed, the tool bit applies static pressure to the surface of the workpiece 14, a molded surface is formed on the surface of a material according to a path controlled by programming, and finally the product is completed.
In actual work, after an operator draws a conceptual digital product by using a computer, the main control computer can control the actual product (such as an automobile shell product and the like) to be manufactured. Before manufacturing, some preliminary work needs to be done, such as: fixing materials, coordinate zero alignment, trial operation and the like, after all the materials are ready, controlling the 3D forming machine to carry out conventional manufacturing through data conversion of the main control computer, and all the materials are taken charge of by the computer without manual management in the whole manufacturing process. The specific working principle is as follows: the output signal of a main control computer is connected to a signal source inlet of a 3D printing forming machine to respectively control a y-axis servo motor 11, an x-axis servo motor 7 and a z-axis servo motor, a main head assembly is responsible for applying pressure to walk according to a programming track, the x, y and z axes carry out coordinate control displacement on a three-dimensional workbench (workbench 13) under the control of the main control computer, and when a tool bit 6 continuously sends out pressure, the three-dimensional workbench moves along with the instruction of the main control computer, so that a workpiece generates a product on the three-dimensional workbench. Because the cross sections of the manufactured products on all fault sections are different, the final products show slight or local difference in appearance, and finally, the comparative samples of the products can be provided at the same time. When the product is manufactured, the product needs to be checked by a designer. If different slight viewing effects are needed, multiple devices can be put into the machine at one time to simultaneously make N products of the same variety, so that comparison and sizing are facilitated.
Claims (4)
1. A3D forming machine is characterized by comprising a base platform (16), wherein upright columns (10) are symmetrically arranged on the base platform (16), a cross beam is mounted at the top of each upright column (10), an x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever (8) is fixed in the middle of the cross beam, a main machine head assembly (3) is connected onto the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever (8), and an x-axis servo motor (7) for driving the main machine head assembly (3) to move along the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever (8) is arranged at the end part of the x-direction advance and retreat shaft lever (8);
the main machine head assembly (3) comprises a conduction device capable of moving along an x-direction advancing and retreating shaft rod (8), an a-shaft capable of vertically moving is connected to the conduction device, the bottom of the a-shaft is connected with a tool bit (6) used for applying static pressure to the surface of a workpiece (14) through a clamping device (5), and the top of the a-shaft is provided with an a-shaft servo motor (4) for driving the a-shaft to move;
a pair of y-axis moving working platforms (15) are symmetrically arranged on the base platform (16), two z-axis rod upright columns (12) are symmetrically arranged on each y-axis moving working platform (15), a y-axis servo motor (11) used for driving the z-axis rod upright columns (12) to move along the y axis is connected to each y-axis moving working platform (15), each z-axis rod upright column (12) is provided with a z-axis servo motor capable of enabling the z-axis rod upright columns to independently lift up and down, and a working platform (13) used for fixing a workpiece (14) is installed at the top of each z-axis rod upright column (12);
the crossbeam is symmetrically provided with main head guide rods (9) for guiding the main head assembly (3), and the main head guide rods (9) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the X-direction advance and retreat shaft lever (8); the vertical column (10) is connected with a master control computer (1), an output signal of the master control computer (1) is connected into a control box (2), and the control box (2) is used for controlling the operation of an x-axis servo motor (7), a y-axis servo motor (11), a z-axis servo motor and an a-axis servo motor (4) and is used for receiving pulse data monitoring signals fed back by the servo motors.
2. A 3D-forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the underside of the tool head (6) is provided with a forming base plate, which is marked with 0-base calibration points for calibrating 0-reference points in each forming pass.
3. 3D-forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool bit (6) is a hard tool bit that is pressure, temperature, wear and deformation resistant.
4. A3D forming method, which adopts the 3D forming machine of claim 1, characterized in that the cutter head (6) is driven by the a-axis servo motor (4) to carry out the laminated processing to the workpiece (14), the main machine head assembly (3) is driven by the x-direction advancing and retreating shaft lever (8) to advance and retreat along the x-axis, the worktable (13) is controlled by the y-axis servo motor (11) to advance and retreat along the y-axis, the worktable (13) is driven to lift after each layer of manufacturing is finished by the z-axis shaft lever upright post (12), the cutter head (6) applies a static pressure to the surface of the workpiece (14), and forms a molded surface on the surface of the workpiece (14) according to the path controlled by programming, and the product is finally finished.
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| CN201910626362.4A CN110509567B (en) | 2019-07-11 | 2019-07-11 | 3D forming machine and method |
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| CN201910626362.4A CN110509567B (en) | 2019-07-11 | 2019-07-11 | 3D forming machine and method |
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| CN110509567B true CN110509567B (en) | 2020-08-18 |
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| CN201235472Y (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2009-05-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Linear electric motor driven four-shaft linkage numerical control machine |
| CN102319905A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-01-18 | 浙江万联达机械制造有限公司 | Turning mechanism in machining of large ship propeller shafts |
| CN204171798U (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-25 | 陈锋 | A kind of one-body molded manufacturing equipment |
| CN104708822B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-04-19 | 济南爱华达新材料有限公司 | Novel multifunctional numerical control 3D printing equipment and using method |
| CN105382259A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-09 | 大连理工大学 | Selective laser fusion composite manufacturing machine tool and workpiece composite manufacturing method |
| CN107009150B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2023-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | Plasma and multi-axis numerical control machine tool material increasing and decreasing composite 3D printing equipment and method |
| CN107378078A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-24 | 仲崇矿 | A kind of aluminium is machined four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine |
| JP2019044244A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-22 | オークマ株式会社 | Three-dimensional shaping apparatus and three-dimensional shaping method |
| CN107598168A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-19 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | Plasma increases the 3D printing equipment of material and machine cut |
| CN208068889U (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-11-09 | 东北大学 | A kind of small-sized five-shaft numerical control changeable material machining tool |
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Effective date of registration: 20230519 Address after: 710000, Building 102, 7th Floor, Jiawei Technology Industry Base, No. 99 Aerospace East Road, National Civil Aerospace Industry Base, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee after: XI'AN LIANCHUANG ADVANCED MANUFACTURING PROFESSIONAL INCUBATOR CO.,LTD. Address before: 710049 No. 28 West Xianning Road, Shaanxi, Xi'an Patentee before: XI'AN JIAOTONG University |