CN110507928B - Water mist fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing method for battery prefabricated cabin of lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station - Google Patents
Water mist fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing method for battery prefabricated cabin of lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN110507928B CN110507928B CN201910759520.3A CN201910759520A CN110507928B CN 110507928 B CN110507928 B CN 110507928B CN 201910759520 A CN201910759520 A CN 201910759520A CN 110507928 B CN110507928 B CN 110507928B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water mist fire extinguishing system and a fire extinguishing method for a battery prefabricated cabin of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station. The system and the method provided by the invention can effectively extinguish the fire of the battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, have no substantial influence on the battery module which does not fire in the prefabricated cabin, can be used continuously after treatment and recovery, and solve the fire safety problem in the application field of the new energy lithium battery which is currently called as the world problem; the fire extinguishing speed is high, and the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery can be effectively restrained, so that the afterburning is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water mist fire extinguishing system and a fire extinguishing method aiming at a battery prefabricated cabin of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, belonging to public-fire control technology.
Background
The lithium iron phosphate battery has the advantages of high energy density, high output voltage, long cycle life, small environmental pollution and the like, and has been widely used in various electronic equipment, electric automobiles and electrochemical energy storage. The accumulated loading of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station is steadily increased, the loading exceeds 2000MW by 2020, the annual growth rate is close to 70%, and once a fire disaster occurs, the reliability and the safety of power supply are seriously jeopardized, and the social influence and the harm are extremely great. At present, no fire extinguishing method capable of effectively extinguishing fire of a battery prefabricated cabin of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station exists worldwide, and a large number of domestic and foreign fire examples of the battery prefabricated cabin of the energy storage power station are well proven.
At present, a gas fire extinguishing system is mainly adopted in the fire extinguishing method of the battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station at home and abroad, and the fire extinguishing method only can extinguish open fire, can not inhibit the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway of the lithium iron phosphate battery, can generate reburning after a few minutes and is deflagration. The fire is larger, so the method can not effectively extinguish the fire of the battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problem that the prior art cannot effectively extinguish fire, the invention provides a water mist fire extinguishing system and a fire extinguishing method aiming at a battery prefabricated cabin of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fine water mist fire extinguishing system aiming at a battery prefabricated cabin of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station is characterized in that more than one fine water mist spray heads are arranged in each battery module in the battery prefabricated cabin, and all the fine water mist spray heads are connected to a fine water mist fire extinguishing device through a pipe network; during fire extinguishing, all the water mist spray heads spray water mist. .
Specifically, the battery module comprises a battery module shell, and a battery is arranged in the battery module shell; an opening is formed in one side plate of the battery module shell, and a mesh area is formed in the other side plate of the battery module shell; the top edge of the opening is in height consistent with the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell, and the bottom edge of the opening is not lower than the upper surface of the battery; the mesh area spans the whole width of the side plate, the top edge of the mesh area is 15-20 cm lower than the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell, and the bottom edge of the mesh area is not lower than the upper surface of the battery; the water mist spray head stretches into the battery module shell from the opening, and the spraying direction of the water mist spray head faces to the area between the upper surface of the battery and the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell.
Specifically, the distance between the upper surface of the battery and the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell is greater than or equal to 50cm, the distance between the side surface of the battery and the inner surface of the side plate of the battery module shell is greater than or equal to 20cm, and the aperture ratio of the mesh area is 20-30%.
Compared with the prior art, the battery module shell is provided with openings and holes to form a mesh area, the distance between the battery and the inner wall of the battery module shell is limited, and the battery module shell is not subjected to excessive treatment. It is known that electrolyte splatter occurs from thermal runaway to fire of the battery in lithium iron phosphate energy storage power stations, and is accompanied by toxic and flammable gases. The space design of the battery and the inner wall of the battery module shell is to consider that the splashing situation of the electrolyte can be limited in the battery module shell and can not splash in a battery prefabricated cabin, and meanwhile, the electrolyte can not splash to the meshes of a blocking mesh area, so that the space between the battery and the inner wall of the battery module shell has the minimum space consideration, and after a plurality of tests, when the top space is more than 50cm and the side space is more than 20cm, the situation that the electrolyte splashes to the area outside the battery module shell (namely the battery prefabricated cabin) almost does not occur; of course, the distance is not suitable for being too large, the size of the whole battery module shell can be increased by too large, the volume of the battery prefabricated cabin is indirectly increased, the distance between the top and the side is preferably 50-80 cm, the distance between the side and the side is preferably 20-36 cm, and the distance is also more favorable for the fine water mist sprayed by the fine water mist spray nozzle to be diffused into the battery prefabricated cabin through the mesh area.
When the mesh area is designed, the design of a forbidden open area with the top of 15-20 cm is adopted, and certain rebound is considered when electrolyte splashes to the top of the battery module shell, if the side surface shielding is not available, the electrolyte is easy to splash to the outer area of the battery module shell through the mesh area, so that the effect of limiting the splashing condition of the electrolyte to the inside of the battery module shell is affected; through observation and multiple tests on electrolyte splashing conditions of the fire battery, the effect of designing the area with the forbidden holes is very obvious and effective.
When the battery is in fire, toxic and inflammable gas is accumulated in the battery module shell, and the temperature rise is accompanied with the increase of the gas concentration, so that the explosion probability of the battery module is increased; therefore, it is desirable to allow these gases to exit the battery module housing while avoiding rapid increases in temperature as much as possible; aiming at the problem, a mesh area is designed, so that gas can be rapidly discharged, and the temperature rising speed of the battery is reduced; meanwhile, when the water mist spray head is started, the water mist can be diffused into the battery prefabricated cabin through the mesh area, and the battery prefabricated cabin is cooled. Therefore, the aperture ratio of the mesh area is required to be certain, the purpose of preventing the electrolyte from splashing cannot be achieved due to the fact that the aperture ratio of the mesh area is too large, and the gas is not convenient to discharge due to the fact that the aperture ratio of the mesh area is too small; through observation and multiple experiments on the gas discharge condition, the aperture ratio of the open pore area is designed to be 20-30% (in the investigation area, the open pore hollowed-out area occupies the percentage of neps in the investigation area).
We can not design the mesh area on the side plate of the opening because the side surface is provided with the opening, and the ventilation function is very sufficient; meanwhile, the water mist spray head is arranged in the opening area, so that the sprayed water mist is less likely to overflow from the side face; however, this is not said that the present area cannot be provided with mesh, and the mesh area may be provided with reference to other areas; it is not advisable to let the opening extend through the entire side, taking into account the splashing of the electrolyte.
Specifically, the water mist spray head is of a flat fan-shaped structure, a row of nozzles are arranged on a fan-shaped curved surface along the arc direction, the spraying directions of all the nozzles are generally designed to be in a plane, and the plane can be further designed to be in the range of 2cm from top to bottom of the middle layers of the upper surface of the battery and the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell. By adopting the water mist spray head, a water mist spray head is generally arranged in each battery module shell.
Compared with the existing common round spray head, the water mist spray head is designed, on one hand, the thickness of the whole water mist spray head is reduced, the water mist spray head can be smoothly installed in the battery module shell under the condition that the existing battery module shell is slightly changed, on the other hand, a row of spray nozzles are arranged along an arc line, so that the water mist can be rapidly distributed in the inner space of the battery module shell, and fan-shaped water mist with a certain thickness is sprayed out. If a common circular spray head is adopted, on one hand, the sprayed water mist is in an inverted cone shape, and most of the water mist can be sprayed on the inner wall of the battery module shell to form large water drops and water flow, so that the fire extinguishing effect of the water mist is lost; on the other hand, it is inconvenient to install into the battery module. The design of the water mist spray head and the arrangement of the spray direction of the spray nozzle enable the generated water mist to be rapidly diffused in the battery module shell, and meanwhile, the water mist can be easily diffused out of the mesh area, so that the water accumulation amount on the battery is reduced, and the battery is protected to a certain extent. Regarding the standard of the water mist, reference is made to the relevant fire-fighting standard in China.
A water mist fire extinguishing method for a battery prefabricated cabin of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station comprises the following steps:
(1) When any battery module in the battery prefabricated cabin fires, the water mist fire extinguishing system is started, water mist is sprayed to all water mist spray heads in all battery modules in the whole battery prefabricated cabin, and fire is extinguished in a local application fire extinguishing mode, so that on one hand, fires of the fired battery modules are extinguished, and on the other hand, cooling protection is carried out on the non-fired battery modules, and thermal runaway and fire spread are prevented;
(2) After the open fire is extinguished, the water mist spray nozzle continuously sprays the water mist, so that on one hand, the thermal runaway is continuously restrained to prevent the afterburning, on the other hand, the water mist can be diffused in the battery prefabricated cabin, and other areas in the whole battery prefabricated cabin are extinguished or the thermal runaway is restrained in a total flooding application fire extinguishing mode;
(3) After the fire is extinguished, the water mist fire extinguishing system is closed, and the water mist fire extinguishing system is reset for standby.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the water mist fire extinguishing system and the fire extinguishing method for the battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, provided by the invention, fire of the battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station can be effectively extinguished, no substantial influence is caused on a battery module which does not fire in the prefabricated cabin, and the battery module can be continuously used after treatment and recovery, so that the fire safety problem in the application field of the new energy lithium battery, which is currently called as a world problem, is solved; the fire extinguishing speed is high, and the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery module is effectively restrained, so that the reburning is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a battery module;
fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a battery module case (top plate not shown);
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a fine mist spray head and the fine mist sprayed by the spray head;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a fine mist head;
the drawings include: 1-a battery prefabricated cabin; 2-a water mist fire extinguishing system pipe network; 3-a battery module; 4-opening; a 5-mesh zone; 6-a fine water mist nozzle; 6-1-nozzle; 6-2 pipe network connectors; 6-3-spraying the water mist discharged by the water mist spray head.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a fine water mist fire extinguishing system for a battery prefabricated cabin of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station is provided, a fine water mist spray head 6 is installed in each battery module 3 in the battery prefabricated cabin 1, and all the fine water mist spray heads 6 are connected to a fine water mist fire extinguishing device through a pipe network.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the battery module 3 includes a battery module housing in which a battery is disposed; an opening 4 is formed in one side plate of the battery module shell, and a mesh area 5 is formed in the other side plate of the battery module shell; the top edge of the opening 4 is in height consistent with the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell, and the bottom edge of the opening 4 is not lower than the upper surface of the battery; the mesh area 5 spans the whole width of the side plate, the top edge of the mesh area 5 is 15-20 cm lower than the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell, and the bottom edge of the mesh area 5 is not lower than the upper surface of the battery; the water mist spray head 6 extends into the battery module shell from the opening 4, and the spraying direction of the water mist spray head 6 faces to the area between the upper surface of the battery and the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell. The distance between the upper surface of the battery and the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell is greater than or equal to 50cm, the distance between the side surface of the battery and the inner surface of the side plate of the battery module shell is greater than or equal to 20cm, and the aperture ratio of the mesh area 5 is 25%.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the fine water mist spray head 6 has a flat fan-shaped structure, a row of nozzles 6-1 are arranged on a fan-shaped curved surface along the arc direction, the spraying directions of all the nozzles 6-1 are in a plane, and the plane is in the range of 2cm above and below the upper surface of the battery and the middle layer of the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell. The water mist spray head 6 is connected with the water mist fire extinguishing system pipe network 2 through the pipe network connector 6-2, and the water mist 6-3 sprayed by the water mist spray head 6 is fan-shaped water mist with a certain thickness.
A water mist fire extinguishing method for a battery prefabricated cabin 1 of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station comprises the following steps:
(1) When any battery module 3 in the battery prefabricated cabin 1 fires, the water mist fire extinguishing system is started, and water mist spray heads 6 in all the battery modules 3 in the whole battery prefabricated cabin 1 are sprayed with water mist to extinguish the fire in a local application fire extinguishing mode, so that on one hand, the fires of the fired battery modules 3 are extinguished, and on the other hand, the non-fired battery modules 3 are cooled and protected to prevent thermal runaway and fire spreading;
(2) After the open fire is extinguished, the water mist spray head 6 continuously sprays water mist, so that on one hand, thermal runaway is continuously restrained to prevent re-burning, on the other hand, the water mist can be diffused in the battery prefabricated cabin 1, and other areas in the whole battery prefabricated cabin 1 are extinguished or thermal runaway is restrained in a total flooding application fire extinguishing mode;
(3) After the fire is extinguished, the water mist fire extinguishing system is closed, and the water mist fire extinguishing system is reset for standby.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A water mist fire extinguishing method for a battery prefabricated cabin of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the fire is extinguished by adopting a water mist fire extinguishing system aiming at a battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, wherein a water mist spray head is arranged in each battery module in the battery prefabricated cabin, and all the water mist spray heads are connected to a water mist fire extinguishing device through a pipe network; the battery module comprises a battery module shell, and a battery is arranged in the battery module shell; an opening is formed in one side plate of the battery module shell, and a mesh area is formed in the other side plate of the battery module shell; the top edge of the opening is in height consistent with the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell, and the bottom edge of the opening is not lower than the upper surface of the battery; the mesh area spans the whole width of the side plate, the top edge of the mesh area is 15-20 cm lower than the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell, and the bottom edge of the mesh area is not lower than the upper surface of the battery; the water mist spray head stretches into the battery module shell from the opening, and the spraying direction of the water mist spray head faces to the area between the upper surface of the battery and the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell; the distance between the upper surface of the battery and the inner surface of the top plate of the battery module shell is greater than or equal to 50cm, the distance between the side surface of the battery and the inner surface of the side plate of the battery module shell is greater than or equal to 20cm, and the aperture ratio of the mesh area is 20-30%; the fine water mist spray head is of a flat fan-shaped structure, and a row of spray nozzles are arranged on the fan-shaped curved surface along the arc direction;
the fire extinguishing method comprises the following steps:
(1) When any battery module in the battery prefabricated cabin fires, the water mist fire extinguishing system is started, water mist is sprayed to all water mist spray heads in all battery modules in the whole battery prefabricated cabin, and fire is extinguished in a local application fire extinguishing mode, so that on one hand, fires of the fired battery modules are extinguished, and on the other hand, cooling protection is carried out on the non-fired battery modules, and thermal runaway and fire spread are prevented;
(2) After the open fire is extinguished, the water mist spray nozzle continuously sprays the water mist, so that on one hand, the thermal runaway is continuously restrained to prevent the afterburning, on the other hand, the water mist can be diffused in the battery prefabricated cabin, and other areas in the whole battery prefabricated cabin are extinguished or the thermal runaway is restrained in a total flooding application fire extinguishing mode;
(3) After the fire is extinguished, the water mist fire extinguishing system is closed, and the water mist fire extinguishing system is reset for standby.
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| CN111249652A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Water mist fire extinguishing device and method applied to lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery |
| CN112090006B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Fire control system and method for prefabricated cabin |
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