CN110506676B - Elovl1基因及其应用 - Google Patents
Elovl1基因及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110506676B CN110506676B CN201910781759.0A CN201910781759A CN110506676B CN 110506676 B CN110506676 B CN 110506676B CN 201910781759 A CN201910781759 A CN 201910781759A CN 110506676 B CN110506676 B CN 110506676B
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Abstract
本发明公开一种ELOVL1基因,ELOVL1基因来自杂交鱼:(a)雌性团头鲂与雄性翘嘴鲌杂交产生的第一杂交鱼;(b)雌性第一杂交鱼与雄性所述团头鲂回交产生的第一回交鱼;(c)雌性团头鲂与雄性所述第一杂交鱼回交产生的第二回交鱼;(d)雌性第一杂交鱼与雄性所述翘嘴鲌回交产生的第三回交鱼;(e)雌性翘嘴鲌与雄性所述第一杂交鱼回交产生的第四回交鱼;以及(f)雄性团头鲂与雌性翘嘴鲌杂交产生的第二杂交鱼。ELOVL1基因编码的蛋白序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,ELOVL1基因的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。ELOVL1基因能够提高前述杂交鱼的生产性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产科学领域,涉及一种ELOVL1基因及其应用。
背景技术
据统计,目前在鱼类杂交方面,世界上约有二百一十二个自然杂交种,其海水鱼类等大约占三十种左右,其余的杂交组合为淡水鱼类。杂交育种工作在我国发展较快,至今已经成功培育了多个杂交新品种,涵盖了种间甚至属间杂交种,为我国的水产养殖业做出了重大贡献。
鱼类的杂交后代中可能会出现二、三、四及单倍体鱼。因此,杂交育种的应用不仅仅局限于杂种优势的利用,还可以利用杂交的方法来获得多倍体后代。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足,本发明第一方面提供了一种ELOVL1基因在杂交鱼中提高生产性能的用途,所述杂交鱼选自:
(a)雌性团头鲂与雄性翘嘴鲌杂交产生的第一杂交鱼;
(b)雌性所述第一杂交鱼与雄性所述团头鲂回交产生的第一回交鱼;
(c)雌性所述团头鲂与雄性所述第一杂交鱼回交产生的第二回交鱼;
(d)雌性所述第一杂交鱼与雄性所述翘嘴鲌回交产生的第三回交鱼;
(e)雌性所述翘嘴鲌与雄性所述第一杂交鱼回交产生的第四回交鱼;以及(f)雄性团头鲂与雌性翘嘴鲌杂交产生的第二杂交鱼。
在一些实施方式中,所述团头鲂选自浦江1号;和/或
所述翘嘴鲌选自青浦淀山湖翘嘴鲌原种。
在一些实施方式中,所述ELOVL1基因编码的蛋白序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
在一些实施方式中,所述ELOVL1基因的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
在一些实施方式中,所述提高生产性能包括:
(i)抗饥饿;
(ii)促进脂肪酸合成。
本发明第二方面提供了一种ELOVL1基因,所述ELOVL1基因编码的蛋白序列如SEQID NO.1所示。
在一些实施方式中,所述ELOVL1基因的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
在一些实施方式中,所述ELOVL1基因来自杂交鱼,所述杂交鱼选自:
(a)雌性团头鲂与雄性翘嘴鲌杂交产生的第一杂交鱼;
(b)雌性所述第一杂交鱼与雄性所述团头鲂回交产生的第一回交鱼;
(c)雌性所述团头鲂与雄性所述第一杂交鱼回交产生的第二回交鱼;
(d)雌性所述第一杂交鱼与雄性所述翘嘴鲌回交产生的第三回交鱼;
(e)雌性所述翘嘴鲌与雄性所述第一杂交鱼回交产生的第四回交鱼;以及(f)雄性团头鲂与雌性翘嘴鲌杂交产生的第二杂交鱼。
在一些实施方式中,所述团头鲂选自浦江1号;和/或
所述翘嘴鲌选自青浦淀山湖翘嘴鲌原种。
附图说明
图1为团头鲂与翘嘴鲌杂交及回交子代的育种路线图及鱼的形态示意图。
图2为转录本Transcripts(A,B and C)与单基因unigene(D,E and F)长度分布情况示意图。
图3为回交后代(BC-1)Unigened的E值,基因覆盖度及同源比对情况示意图。
图4为Unigene GO功能注释示意图。
图5为Unigene的KEGG分类示意图。
图6为回交后代BC-1与团头鲂MA及翘嘴鲌CA之间的差异表达基因分析示意图。
图7为两组差异表达基因的GO分类示意图。
图8为示差异表达基因DEGs的热图意图。
图9为qRT-PCR验证RNA测序结果示意图。
图10为杂种优势产生的分子机制总览示意图。
图11为回交鲂鲌elovl1基因的全长cDNA序列及蛋白序列示意图。
图12为回交鲂鲌elovl6基因的全长cDNA序列及蛋白序列示意图。
图13为回交鲂鲌与斑马鱼和人类elovl1/6氨基酸序列比对及结构分析(直线表示Elo结构域,箭头表示保守半胱氨酸残基)示意图。
图14为回交鲂鲌elovl1/6与其它物种的进化树示意图,回交鲂鲌elovl1/6用下划线标出。
图15为回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6基因在成鱼各组织(A)及各胚胎发育时期(B)中的表达示意图。
图16为回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6 mRNA在胚胎时期的整胚原位杂交结果照片,A,B,C:fgfr1a反义探针原位杂交结果;D,E,F:elovl1正义探针原位杂交结果;G,F,I:elovl6正义探针原位杂交结果。蓝色、黑色、红色、黄色、绿色、紫色和灰色三角分别表示眼睛、脊索前板、中脑、表皮、尾芽、后体节和后脑。横向观察所有胚胎头部在左边,比例尺=400um。
图17为饥饿条件下回交鲂鲌幼鱼不同组织elovl1和elovl6 mRNA的表达示意图,从左至右依次为脑、肾脏和肝脏,*和**分别表示p<0.05和p<0.01(与对照组相比)。
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图详细介绍本发明的实施例。以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明,但不应理解为对本发明的固定或限制。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术特征可以替换为具有在不背离发明构思前提下等同或相似功能或效果的其他本领域已知的技术特征。
实施例1:团头鲂与翘嘴鲌杂交及回交后代的构建
1实验鱼
实验使用的母本为团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala,MA)“浦江1号”良种(审定单位:全国水产原良种审定委员会,审定编号:GS-01-001-2000);父本为淀山湖翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus,CA)原种(取自上海淀原水产良种场),其身体细长,侧扁,呈柳叶形,头背面平直,头后背部隆起。父母本为3龄,性成熟且发育良好,均保存在上海海洋大学农业部团头鲂遗传育种中心。
2实验试剂
绒毛膜促性腺激素、促黄体素释放激素、秋水仙素、DAPI(德国Partec)、PHA(Phytohemagglutinin,上海阳光)、NaCl、KCl、磷酸氢二钠(12H2O)、磷酸二氢钠(2H2O)、吉姆萨染液、甘油、肝素、CH3OH、CH3CH2OH、冰醋酸等,DNA提取使用天根试剂盒。
3鲂鲌杂交及回交后代的获得
首先利用团头鲂“浦江1号”(MA)♀与翘嘴鲌(CA)♂(5×5)杂交获得杂种MC(MA♀×CA♂)。两年后,杂种MC发育成熟,再利用团头鲂“浦江1号”(MA)与杂种MC进行正反回交(20×20)获得回交后代,正交BC-1(MA♀×MC♂)和反交BC-2(MC♀×MA♂);并利用翘嘴鲌(CA)与杂种MC进行正反回交(20×20)获得回交后代,正交BC-3(CA♀×MC♂)和反交BC-4(MC♀×CA♂)。同时繁殖一批同龄、同规格的团头鲂“浦江1号”自交群体MA(♀×♂)、翘嘴鲌自交群体CA(♀×♂)和杂种MC群体(5×5)。所有鱼的催产均采用绒毛膜促性腺激素HCG与促黄体生成素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2混合注射进行催产,雌性剂量为1000IU HCG+5μg LHRH-A2/kg体重,雄鱼注射剂量较雌鱼减半,挤取精卵后做干法人工授精。待受精卵出膜并能够平游。
试验鱼的获得流程及不同世代的鱼的形态参见图1。
实施例2:团头鲂与翘嘴鲌杂交及回交后代转录组的研究
本发明中,回交后代BC-1表现出明显的杂种优势(生长优势)。为了揭示其杂种优势的分子机制,发明人通过IlluminaHiseqTM 4000测序平台对回交后代BC及其父母本的肝脏组织做了转录组测序分析,从测序获得的所有基因中筛选出差异表达基因,最终获得了与消化酶、生长、蛋白质及脂肪酸合成相关的重要基因,为探索鲂鲌杂种优势的分子机制提供重要依据。
材料方法
实验鱼
采用实施例1所获得BC-1作为试验鱼,MA和CA用作对照组。
养殖试验和生长性能
准备3个同样大小的水泥池(6m×4m×1.2m),每个水泥池放入三种相同年龄、规格的鱼苗(团头鲂MA、翘嘴鲌CA及其回交鲂鲌BC-1)各50尾进行生长对比试验。养殖期间,实验鱼的生长指标每30天测量一次,测量指标包括增重率(WG),特定生长率(SGR)。计算公式如下:增重率(WG)=(FW-IW)×100/IW;特定生长率(SGR)=(lnFW-lnIW)×100/养殖天数;IW为初始体重,FW为末体重。具体结果参见表4。
实验试剂
主要试剂包括:Trizol Reagent(Invitrogen),高灵敏度DNA试剂盒(Agilent),RNA酶抑制剂(40U/μL)(Promaga);双链DNA定量检测试剂盒(Invitrogen),TruSeq RNASample Prep Kit(Illumina)。
实验方法
总RNA的提取和质量检测
HiSeq转录组文库的构建与测序
使用TruSeq RNA Sample Prep Kit高兼容性试剂盒构建HiSeq转录组文库。按照试剂盒说明书的步骤操作。使用HiSeq 2000测序系统,对团头鲂MA、翘嘴鲌CA及其回交鲂鲌BC-1分别进行转录组测序。
数据处理
序列从头拼接(de novoassembly)
1)原始数据整理、过滤及评估
下机数据统计:试验样品经过上机测序后,得到Fastq格式的原始数据。所有的原始数据均包含一条Reads的ID号、测得的序列以及相关的碱基质量。
原始数据过滤:使用Trinity分析软件过滤原始数据后,过滤掉质量较低的序列和用于接头的序列,剩余的高质量序列用于后续分析。
2)转录组从头拼接
通过Trinity分析软件过滤后的reads进行转录本从头拼接,拼接过程如下:由原始reads→contig→component→de Bruijn graph→path→transcript)。
Unigene聚类及注释
通过Trinity软件拼接获得的所有转录本利用blastx(E<1e-6)与GenBank中的NR库进行比对,按照blastx(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)比对到的结果聚类得到unigene。根据最相似的比对序列结果命名每个注释到的基因。
Unigene eggNOG分析
通过eggnog(http://eggnog.embl.de/)对Unigene进行eggNOG分类,由此对基因组的所有基因功能做分类统计,从宏观上认识该物种的基因功能分布特征。
Unigene GO分析
利用Blast2GO对Unigene进行GO注释。采用国际普遍认可的基因功能分类体系Gene Ontology,将Unigene按分子功能、细胞组分、生物学过程进行分类。可以全面地了解试验鱼的基因功能并系统地注释所有基因的信息。
Unigene KEGG分析
将Unigene利用KEGG进行KEGG Orthology富集分析,在KEGG数据库中,我们可以比较直观每个基因所处参与的代谢通路及其通路详细信息。
Unigene表达量及表达差异分析
通过DESeq软件根据差异表达的显著性以及表达量的倍数差异作为综合标准挑选出具有差异的Unigene,对每个Unigene的信息进行注释,并计算出其FPKM大小。运对FPKM值做标准化处理后,然后比较每种试验鱼肝脏组织之间的差异倍数,为了能够直观地显示,我们制作出所有差异Unigene的MA图以及火山图显示他们之间的表达差异情况。
当差异表达Unigene都被筛选出来之后,然后对差异unigene做了GO分析和KO富集分析,获得不同试验鱼的差异基因以及其对应的基因功能。同时,我们又进行了差异表达Unigene的KEGG富集分析以及KEGG通路分析。最后,对试验样品的差异基因表达量进行聚类分析(Cluster 3.0),并绘制出聚类结果图(TreeView)。
ORF预测分析
将NR库中没有注释到的转录本进行开放阅读框(ORF)的预测(Getorf软件),Getorf软件具有大批量处理的优势,而且可以预测获得多个ORF,使用预测结果中序列最长的作为该转录本最终的开放阅读框,最终获得与该转录本相一致的蛋白序列。
RNA-seq数据的qRT-PCR验证
反转录
分别取团头鲂MA、翘嘴鲌CA及回交鲂鲌BC-1(均为90日龄)的肝脏组织RNA各一管,通过逆转录反应生成获得cDNA样品(反应过程使用ReverTra Ace qPCRRT Kit)。
准备好已经提取好的总RNA,每个样品吸取10μL置于70℃变性5min,整个变性过程低温放置;再根据(表1)的反应体系进行配置,然后25℃25分钟,42℃1小时,80℃5分钟,然后冰盒上低温冷却,-80℃保存备用。
表1逆转录体系
qRT-PCR验证
以上述cDNA链为模板,根据转录组中的基因序列设计qRT-PCR验证引物(表2),qRT-PCR试验的反应体系和反应程序见表3。β-actin作为内参,采用2-ΔΔCT计算方法进行相对定量分析,然后根据计算出的每个基因的表达量作图。反应体系参见表3。
表2 qRT-PCR验证引物序列
表3 qRT-PCR反应体系及程序
结果与分析
生长性能分析
表4回交后代BC-1、团头鲂MA及翘嘴鲌CA的生长性能
结合表4的数据可知,经过90天的养殖,回交鲂鲌BC-1及其父母本团头鲂MA、翘嘴鲌CA的生长性能被检测出来。如表4,回交鲂鲌BC-1、团头鲂MA及翘嘴鲌CA在90天后的平均体重分别为50.70g,44.81g和28.25;增重率分别为680.00%,589.38%和334.61%。回交鲂鲌BC-1的增重率分别比母本团头鲂MA及父本翘嘴鲌CA快15.38%和103.22%,该结果说明回交鲂鲌BC的杂种优势非常显著。
在团头鲂MA、翘嘴鲌CA及其回交鲂鲌BC-1中,有59.93-63.16%transcripts长度在600bp以内,65.10-67.54%unigenes长度在600bp以内(图2)。
对回交鲂鲌BC-1的所有unigenes的同源性分布与E值分别进行统计,27629(87.28%)的unigenes同源性高于80%,36754(11.61%)的unigenes同源性介于60%-80%,因此,共98.89%的unigenes同源性高于60%且有较高E值分布,该结果证明了本次测序具有较高质量,并且对测序结果的de novo拼接效果良好(图3)。将回交鲂鲌BC-1的unigenes与斑马鱼、虹鳟、草鱼和鲤鱼的蛋白数据库进行Blast同源性比对,发现他们同源性达到了很高的水平。总共有31657个unigenes比对到了参考物种上,其中回交鲂鲌BC-1与斑马鱼的同源性最高,达到了16903个(53.39%),以上结果显示回交鲂鲌BC-1与其他鱼类尤其是硬骨鱼类的unigenes具有较高的保守性。
Unigene功能注释与功能分类
在回交鲂鲌BC-1,团头鲂MA和翘嘴鲌CA中,分别产生19,247、19,574和19,573个unigenes,分别获得146,339、144,331和144,887个功能注释信息;在三大GO分类系统中,分别有77,097(53%)、76246(53%)和76592(53%)条归入生物学过程(biologicalprocess),24,509(16%)、25,128(18%)和25,445(17%)条归入分子功能(molecularfunction),44,733(31%)、42,957(29%)和42,850(30%)条归入细胞组分(cellularcomponent)。所有功能注释信息分别归为65、64和65个功能群,三者均有21个功能群包含的注释条目达到1500以上,包含了绝大部分的注释条目(图4)。细胞功能和生物作用分别含有很高量的注释,这表明此次用于转录组测序的回交鲂鲌BC-1肝脏组织与其生长性能密切相关。
KEGG是蛋白质(酶)的一个分类体系,主要用于酶功能的分析,它对于高度相似的序列,并且处于同一条通路上的相似功能的蛋白质被划分为一组,。KEGG功能分类为研究回交鲂鲌BC-1、团头鲂MA和翘嘴鲌CA肝脏的生物过程和信号通路的研究提供了有效的线索。三个样品的unigenes均被归为五个主要的功能类别,均包括33个二级通路。各系统数目统计如下:在回交鲂鲌BC-1中,生物系统(7,768,32.36%)、新陈代谢(2,209,9.20%)、环境信息加工(3,457,14.40%)、细胞过程(6,576,27.39%)、遗传信息加工(3,995,16.64%);在团头鲂MA中,生物系统(9,210,37.09%)、新陈代谢(2,323,9.30%)、环境信息加工(3,291,13.25%)、细胞过程(5,866,23.62%)、遗传信息加工(4,141,16.67%);在翘嘴鲌CA中,生物系统(9,143,36.79%)、新陈代谢(2,216,8.90%)环境信息加工(3,320,13.36%)、细胞过程(6,072,24.43%)、遗传信息加工(4,100,16.49%)(图5)。
差异表达基因(DEGs)分析
FPKM值(Fragments Per Kilobase ofexon model per Million mapped reads)可用来定量表示基因表达水平,将回交鲂鲌BC-1肝脏中每个基因的FPKM值分别与来自团头鲂MA和翘嘴鲌CA的对应FPKM值进行比较分析,经过筛选后获得具有显著表达差异的基因(DEGs),筛选标准为错误发现率FDR≤0.05,|log2值|≥1。在肝脏组织中,与团头鲂MA相比,回交鲂鲌BC-1有325个显著表达的差异基因DEGs(130个显著上调,195个显著下调);与翘嘴鲌CA相比,有872个显著表达的差异基因DEGs(388个显著上调,484个显著下调)(图6)。总共有1197个差异基因DEGs被发现,其中有134个基因是重合的,所有的差异基因均用于后续的分析。
差异表达基因(DEGs)的GO分析
利用Blast2GO软件,本研究对所有差异表达基因(DEGs)进行GO注释。在‘BCvs.MA’组中,DEGs共对应1578个GOTerm(529个上调,1049个下调),与生物过程(biologicalprocess)有关的term数则高达905个。在‘BC vs.CA’组中,DEGs共对应3991个GOTerm(1851个上调,2140个下调),与生物过程(biological process)有关的term数则高达2095个,占比最高。具体数据见图7。
对差异表达基因(DEGs)的深入分析
通过对差异基因进行系统分析,并根据GO注释与GO富集结果、KO与KEGG富集结果,我们从所有的差异基因中挑选出了18个最有可能引起回交鲂鲌BC-1杂种优势的差异基因。回交鲂鲌BC-1与原始父母本团头鲂MA和翘嘴鲌CA的差异表达基因的FPKM值详见表5,并构建了这些差异基因构建聚类热图(图8)。
表5回交后代BC-1与父母本间差异表达基因的FPKM值
消化酶相关DEGs
鱼类的生长发育需要大量的营养物质,而营养物质的消化吸收直接依赖于消化酶。在回交鲂鲌BC-1中,我们发现有5个消化酶基因(TRY,ELA1,CTRL1,CPA2和BAL)相对于其父母本是显著上调的;图8可以更直观的显示出这些差异基因的差异表达情况。其中BAL是脂肪消化酶,其余四个是蛋白消化酶;这些基因的上调促进了回交后代BC-1对营养物质的消化吸收效率。
GH/IGF轴及蛋白质、脂肪合成相关DEGs
之前有研究表明,肝脏中GH/IGF轴上游及下游基因的表达对杂交鱼的生长有密切关联。在我们的研究中,发现上游的IGF1,IGF2a,IGFBP1and IGFBP2b均具有显著差异。而其下游的蛋白质合成(PI3KR,RAPTOR和EIF4E)及脂肪合成(CS,MDH,FASN,ELOVL1,ELOVL5和ELOVL6)相关基因也显著上调(图8)。
RNA-seq数据的qRT-PCR验证
对测序样品,随机挑选10个重要的差异表达基因来验证Illumina HiSeq测序表达谱的基因确认准确度。本实验使用2-ΔΔCT方法计算相对表达量,所有的样品设置三个重复。如图9所示,10个差异表达基因在3种试验鱼的qRT-PCR中的结果与RNA-seq中的结果保持一致,说明测序结果是可靠的。
杂种优势的分子机制总览
研究发现筛选出的差异表达基因在杂种优势的产生过程中并不是单独起作用的,而是相互关联的。因此我们根据每个差异基因的功能以及其在某个通路中的作用,将这些差异基因串联了起来,构建了杂种优势产生的分子机制总览图(图10)。
讨论
多年来,已经有许多研究致力于阐述杂种优势的分子机制。杂交种的差异表达基因的筛选及其与杂种优势产生的关系。本研究利用RNA-Seq转录组测序技术对团头鲂MA、翘嘴鲌CA及其回交鲂鲌BC-1的肝脏进行转录组测序分析,首先筛选出差异表基因,然后对差异表达基因作进一步的的功能注释和通路分析等研究,最后筛选获得与回交鲂鲌BC-1杂种优势相关的关键基因。对3个样品的RNA-seq测序结果进行分析,回交鲂鲌BC-1与父母本之间显著性差异表达基因总数分别达到325和872个。通过FPKM值对回交鲂鲌BC-1及其父母本的基因表达水平进行测定,试验共获得与鲂鲌杂种优势密切相关的关键基因18个。消化酶相关差异表达基因
营养物质是鱼体生长发育所必需的,尤其是蛋白质和脂肪酸。高质量的消化液可以快速高效地消化食物并提高食物利用率。在鱼类体内,蛋白质和脂肪的消化吸收需要大量的消化酶。在本研究中,相对其父母本,回交鲂鲌BC-1的蛋白消化酶基因(TRY,ELA1,CTRL1和CPA2)表达量显著上调;而且脂肪消化酶基因(BAL)的表达也显著上调(图10)。这会引起回交鲂鲌BC-1消化道内蛋白和脂肪消化酶的数量或者质量的提高;因此,当食物进入回交鲂鲌BC-1的消化道时,大分子的蛋白质和脂肪会更快速地被分解为小分子的氨基酸和脂肪酸,然后被小肠绒毛吸收。充足的营养物质会被转运到机体各个组织和器官,用于体内蛋白和脂肪酸的合成或者参与其它生理生化反应,最终促进了鱼体的快速生长。
GH/IGF轴相关差异表达基因
包括鱼类在内的脊椎动物的生长主要受到GH/IGF轴的影响[136-137]。在本研究中,回交鲂鲌BC-1的4个生长相关基因(IGF1,IGF2a,IGFBP1和IGFBP2b)具有显著的差异表达。其中,IGF1和IGF2a的表达显著升高,IGF1和IGF2a对后面蛋白质的合成起始具有重要作用(图10)。相关研究已证明,相对IGFBR而言,IGFBP与IGFs具有更高的亲和力,从而抑制了IGFs的降解,导致了血清中IGFs半衰期的延长。我们的研究发现,相对其父母本,回交鲂鲌BC-1的IGFBP2b表达显著提高,表明IGFBP2b可能是鱼体内的关键循环结合蛋白。然而,我们还发现回交鲂鲌BC-1的IGFBP1表达却显著下降(图10)。IGFBP家族不同的表达模式说明IGFBP各成员在其生理功能上具有各自的独立性。综上所述,本研究表明具有不同表达模式的GH/IGF轴相关基因对回交鲂鲌BC-1的杂种优势起了关键作用。
蛋白质、脂肪酸合成相关差异表达基因
蛋白质的合成过程见图10。许多磷酸化反应包括PI3K/AKT通路都是通过IGF1绑定其受体IGFR1来激活的,然后导致一系列的合成效应,例如蛋白质合成和糖原合成。一旦受到IGF-1的刺激,PI3K/AKT信号立即激活mTOR,然后Raptor与mTOR结合形成mTORC1,mTORC1能够磷酸化EIF4E-BP1并改变其活性。磷酸化的EIF4E-BP1能够促使EIF4E从“EIF4E+EIF4E-BP1”复合物上解离下来。最终,增加的EIF4E促进了蛋白质的合成。本研究中,在回交后代BC-1中,除了上一节提到的IGF1和IGF2a基因显著上调外,PI3KR、RAPTOR和EIF4E也表现出显著上调,这表明回交后代BC-1的蛋白合成能力获得了提高。
脂肪酸的合成过程见图10。乙酰CoA作为脂肪酸合成的直接原料,它可以在柠檬酸合成酶的作用下与草酰乙酸结合而形成柠檬酸,并从线粒体进入到胞液当中。然后,柠檬酸被分解为乙酰CoA和草酰乙酸,草酰乙酸又在苹果酸脱氢酶作用下再次进入线粒体参加下次结合反应。在胞液中,乙酰CoA在乙酰CoA羧化酶的作用下转变为丙二酰CoA,随后,脂肪酸合成酶催化乙酰CoA和丙二酰CoA转变为16C的脂肪酸。另外,ELOVLs指导16C的脂肪酸的延长而生成长链脂肪酸(18C or 20C或者24C),该反应发生在内质网上,长链脂肪酸可以在机体内发挥一系列的生理生化作用。鉴于以上,本研究发现在回交后代BC-1中,许多脂肪酸合成相关的基因(CS,MDH,FAS,ELOVL1,ELOVL5和ELOVL6)表达显著升高,这些表达升高的基因可能促进了脂肪酸的快速合成。
小结:本研究中,回交后代BC-1相对其父母本均展现出了显著地杂种优势。利用RNA-seq技术,我们获得了回交后代BC-1及其父母本的肝脏转录组数据。转录组数据显示回交后代BC-1的消化酶相关基因、GH/IGF轴相关基因、蛋白质及脂肪酸合成相关基因均具有显著差异,且基本上为显著上调。这表明以上差异表达基因(DEGs)构成一个作用网络共同引起了回交后代BC-1的杂种优势。本研究结果为鱼类杂种优势产生的分子及生理机制提供了新的见解。
实施例3:回交鲂鲌ELOVL1与ELOVL6基因克隆及功能研究
根据实施例3中转录组差异表达基因分析及其KEGG富集分析,发现elovl1与elovl6基因的mRNAs在回交鲂鲌BC-1中的表达显著性高于其父母本(p<0.05或p<0.01),说明它们对回交鲂鲌杂种优势的产生具有重要意义。因此,我们进一步克隆了回交鲂鲌BC-1的elovl1与elovl6基因,并对该两个基因进行了功能验证。
生物体中多不饱和脂肪酸的合成分为两个阶段且一般在不同的细胞部位。第一阶段,在脂肪酸合成酶催化下的C16或C18饱和脂肪酸的从头合成,该过程在细胞质上进行;第二阶段,以丙二酰CoA和NADPH分别作为二碳供体和还原剂,经过一系列的缩合反应、还原反应、脱氢以及再还原反应共计4步来逐渐完成碳链的延伸过程,该过程在内质网上进行。其中,长链脂肪酸延长酶ELOVL是脂肪酸合成过程中的限速酶,是第一步缩合反应的参与者。
长链脂肪酸延长酶作为HUFA合成反应中的关键酶,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE方法,克隆了回交鲂鲌BC-1的脂肪酸延长酶1(elovl1)和脂肪酸延长酶6(elovl6)基因,获得了两个基因的全长cDNA序列,进行了同源性分析,研究了该基因在回交鲂鲌BC的肝脏、脑、鳃、肾脏、心脏等组织及不同胚胎发育时期中的表达特性,并研究了饥饿条件对该两个基因表达量的影响。分析回交鲂鲌elovls基因表达谱对探索鲂鲌杂交种及其他杂交鱼类长链脂肪酸合成机制有重要指导意义,为鲂鲌杂交新品种选育提供重要的理论依据。
实验用鱼与及胚胎
对不同发育时期的实施例1所获得的回交鲂鲌BC-1胚胎于4%(W/V)的多聚甲醛溶液中固定24h脱水后保存在无水CH3OH中用于后续原位杂交试验。将回交鲂鲌BC-1成鱼解剖后依次取出肝脏、心脏、脑、脾脏、肠道、肾脏、鳃、眼睛、皮肤、性腺和肌肉等组织,放于1.5mLRnase-free管中,液氮速冻,-80℃保存备用。
主要生化试剂
主要生化试剂包括:总RNA提取试剂Trizol Reagent(Invitrogen);qRT-PCR用TaKaRa SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM(TaKaRa);RT-PCR用5×M-MLV Buffer、10mMdNTPs、M-MLVReverse Transcriptase-与-RNase Inhibitor(40U/μL)(Promaga);SMARTTM RACEcDNAAmplification Kit、pMD-19T载体等(TaKaRa);PCR用2×Taq Master Mix;DNAMarker;质粒小提试剂盒(DP103-02)、DNA琼脂糖凝胶回收试剂盒(Promaga)和大量DNA产物纯化的试剂盒(Promaga);大肠杆菌DH5α(TaKaRa);pGEM-T-载体、T4-DNA连接酶、SP6酶、T7酶、RNAasin、5×Transcription buffer、限制性内切酶Apal、NcoI等(Promega)100mM DTT;N-苯基硫脲和左旋咪唑(Simiga)、肝素;Dig dNTP Mix、Anti-Dig、Blocking reagent与显色液(Roche公司);蛋白酶K(Merk,German);小羊血清(北京鼎国);多聚甲醛、甲酰胺(医药集团上海化学试剂公司);Tween-20、CHCl3、异丙醇、CH3CH2OH、OligodT30及引物(上海生工)。
实验方法
回交鲂鲌RNA提取
回交鲂鲌不同时期胚胎总RNA提取
RNA回交鲂鲌RNA的提取方法参照Invitrogen的试剂盒说明书的步骤操作。回交鲂鲌不同组织总RNA的提取
1)回交鲂鲌(BC-1)成鱼在低温解剖后取出肝脏、脾脏、性腺、肾脏、肠道、心脏、鳃、眼睛、脑、皮肤和肌肉等组织,超低温冷冻保存。
2)取上述组织迅速利用高速电动研磨仪研磨充分,取约0.2g组织样品转移到含有700μL Trizol的1.5mLRNA free离心管中,后续操作步骤参照Invitrogen的试剂盒说明书的步骤操作。
回交鲂鲌elovl1、elovl6基因cDNA全长克隆
引物设计
根据转录组测序获得的回交鲂鲌unigene序列与NCBI中斑马鱼(NM_213416.2)、鲤鱼(XM_019112012.1)的elovl1基因序列以及斑马鱼(NM_199532.1)和鲤鱼(XM_019102448.1)elovl6基因序列,设计出回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6的小片段引物elovl1-RT-F/R和elovl6-RT-F/R。根据小片段序列和参照试剂盒锚定引物,分别设计RACE引物elovl1-5RACE-F/R、elovl1-3RACE-F/R和elovl6-5RACE-F/R和elovl6-3RACE-F/R及其巢式引物,所设计引物序列见表6。
表6引物序列列表
逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)与cDNA链的合成
cDNA链的合成方法参照Takara试剂盒说明书的步骤操作。
小片段的扩增
参考斑马鱼elovl1与elovl6基因的表达模式,以36h的胚胎cDNA作为模板进行小片段扩增(扩增引物见表6),具体操作方法参照Takara试剂盒说明书的步骤操作。
3’RACE
3’cDNA第一链的生成
cDNA第一链的生成方法参照Takara试剂盒说明书的步骤操作。
3’cDNA第一轮PCR扩增
以3’RACE cDNA为模板进行第一轮PCR扩增,反应体系和程序见表7,所用引物序列见表6。
表7 3’RACE的第一轮PCR反应
3’RACE第二轮PCR扩增
将第一轮PCR扩增产物稀释50-100倍后作为第二轮PCR扩增的模板,第二轮PCR反应体系与扩增程序见表8,扩增引物序列见表6。
表8 3’RACE的第二轮PCR反应
5’RACE
5’RACE cDNA第一链的合成
同样采用SMARTerTM RACEAmplification kit试剂盒,按照试剂盒的操作说明操作。PCR产物经凝胶纯化后连接至pGEM-T(Promega,USA)载体,以Escherichia coli DH5α转化再送上海生工公司测序,将阳性的克隆被精准的检测和定位。所得5’RACE第一链反应产物(cDNA)置-20℃冰箱保存。
5’RACE第一轮PCR扩增
以5’RACE cDNA为模板进行第一轮PCR扩增,反应体系和程序见表9,所用引物序列见表6。
5’RACE第二轮PCR扩增
将5’RACE第一轮PCR扩增产物稀释50-100倍后作为第二轮PCR扩增的模板,第二轮PCR反应体系与扩增程序见表10,扩增引物序列见表6。
表9 3’RACE的第一轮PCR反应
表10 3’RACE的第二轮PCR反应
cDNA全长克隆
3’RACE和5’RACE方法克隆获得回交鲂鲌BC-1的elovl1与elovl6基因cDNA核苷酸碱基全长序列。
序列比对及进化树构建
本实验所有测序工作均由上海生工生物来完成。生物信息学分析项目及所用软件详见列表11。
表11生物信息学分析项目及所需软件
elovl1基因的全长cDNA序列及蛋白序列,其核酸序列命名为SEQ ID NO.2,蛋白序列命名为SEQ ID NO.1;回交鲂鲌elovl6基因的全长cDNA序列及蛋白序列,其核酸序列命名为SEQ ID NO.4,蛋白序列命名为SEQ ID NO.3。
回交鲂鲌qRT-PCR组织和胚胎表达
以回交鲂鲌BC-1成鱼12个不同组织和胚胎发育10个时期提取的RNA为模板进行各自第一条cDNA链的合成,具体步骤详见试剂盒使用说明书。
引物设计
分别在近基因编码区5’端区域内设计目的片段为150-250bp的基因特异性荧光定量引物。内参基因18S作为对照。所有qRT-PCR引物序列详见表6。
qRT-PCR扩增
实时荧光定量试验按照表12中的体系和反应程序。PCR结果采用2-ΔΔCt的方法计算获得,计算出最终的表达量数据后,将数据导入用GraphPad软件和EXCEL作图。
表12 qRT-PCR反应体系及程序
原位杂交(WISH)
原位杂交探针质粒的构建
探针的设计,按照文献(Chitramuthu B P,Bennett H P.High resolution wholemount in situ hybridization within zebrafish embryos to study gene expressionand function[J].JVis Exp,2013(80):e50644)]中的方法进行,其余方法步骤按照参考文献[175]中方法进行。
WISH探针的制备
具体方法步骤同参考文献(Zheng G D,Zhou C X,Lin S T,et al.Two grasscarp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)insulin-like growth factor-binding protein5genes exhibit different yet conserved functions in development and growth[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,Part B,2017(204):69-76)。
整胚原位杂交
具体方法步骤同参考文献(Zheng G D,Zhou C X,Lin S T,et al.Two grasscarp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)insulin-like growth factor-binding protein5genes exhibit different yet conserved functions in development and growth[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,Part B,2017(204):69-76)。
饥饿实验
将用于实验的36尾回交鲂鲌幼鱼(~30g/尾)均分后,分别饲养在两个1000L室内自动循环系统中,实验鱼每天投喂两次饲料,适应环境一周后,开始进行饥饿实验:第一个养殖系统中为对照组,一直保持正常投喂;第二个养殖系统为实验组,连续进行6天的饥饿处理,之后进行6天恢复投喂;在饥饿处理的第0、2、4、6天以及恢复投喂的第3和6天,分别提取实验组和对照组的脑、肝脏和肾脏的组织样本,每次取样各3条。最终每个条件下的基因表达量通过2-ΔΔCt方法计算,首先,对所有的实验组和对照组,用内参基因的CT值归一目标基因的CT值;然后,用对照组的ΔCt值归一实验组的ΔCt值;最后,以2-ΔΔCt计算表达水平。
结果与分析
回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6基因cDNA全长序列分析
根据PCR扩增得到的elovl1与elovl6小片段序列,分别在NCBI中进行BLAST分析,因为比对结果与人及斑马鱼等五种的同源性很高,确认得到的序列分别是回交鲂鲌BC-1的elovl1与elovl6基因。
elovl1 cDNA序列全长1527bp,包含5’非翻译区(5’-UTR)366bp,开放阅读框(ORF)972bp,共编码32 4个氨基酸,以及3’非翻译区(3’-UTR)189bp,3’-UTR包含一个poly-A尾(图11)。Elovl6 cDNA序列全长2161bp,包括213bp的5’非翻译区(5’-UTR),801bp的开放阅读框(ORF),共编码267个氨基酸,以及1147bp的3’非翻译区(3’-UTR),3’-UTR包含一个poly-A(图12)。
回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6氨基酸序列同源性分析
将回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、人类的进行相似性比较分析,结果如图13所示。回交鲂鲌elovl1与人elovl1和斑马鱼elovl1的相似度都分别为69%和89%,回交鲂鲌elovl6与人elovl6和斑马鱼elovl6的相似度都分别为85%和98%,由此可见elovl1与elovl6在进化上具有较强的保守性。但是,回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6基因的成熟多肽仅有30%的相似性,表现出较大的差异。相比之下,由于回交鲂鲌elovl6与人elovl6和斑马鱼elovl6相似度高于回交鲂鲌elovl1与人和斑马鱼。
回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6系统发育分析
用BioEdit 7.0比对分析回交鲂鲌elovl1/6和其他物种的elovl1/6编码框序列。根据分析结果,用MEGA4.0构建回交鲂鲌elovl1/6与其它物种的NJ系统发育树,结果如图14所示。系统发育树结果显示:总体说回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6分别属于两大支;回交鲂鲌elovl1/6均首先与鲤鱼、金线鲃的elovl1/6聚为一支,然后再与斑马鱼elovl1/6聚为一支;另外,回交鲂鲌elovl1/6均在最后与人、小鼠的elovl1/6聚类,亲缘关系最远。说明回交鲂鲌与鲤科鱼类的进化距离较近。
回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6基因mRNA差异表达分析
组织与胚胎时空表达
Elovl1与elovl6 mRNA在成鱼组织和胚胎发育不同时期表达模式用实时荧光定量qRT-PCR方法检测。以18SrRNA作为内参基因,用表6中引物对12个回交鲂鲌组织(脑、肝、肾、心、肠、鳃、眼睛、皮肤、肌肉、脾脏、精巢、卵巢)和10个发育时期(0hpf、4hpf、8hpf、12hpf、16hpf、20hpf、24hpf、28hpf、32hpf、36hpf)的回交鲂鲌胚胎进行qRT-PCR分析。
在成鱼中,elovl1与elovl6在这12个组织中都有不同程度表达(图15):elovl1mRNA在脑、肝脏、肾脏和皮肤中表达强烈,在眼、心脏、卵巢组织中表达相对减弱,但在肌肉和肠道中的表达最低,表现出显著性差异(图15A左);elovl6 mRNA在脑、肝脏、眼和皮肤中表达较高,在心脏和肾脏中呈现中度表达,在肌肉组织呈现出最低表达(图15A右)。
回交鲂鲌elovl1与elovl6在各发育时期胚胎中均有表达(图15B)。elovl1 mRNA在0hpf和4hpf时的表达较低;8hpf时表达开始升高,至20hpf时表现出中度表达;从24hpf开始表达有显著提高,并一直维持在高表达水平至36hpf,32hpf时候表达最高(图15B左)。elovl6 mRNA各时期表达与elovl1有所不同;在0hpf和4hpf时的表达较低;8hpf时表达略微升高,然后在12hpf至28hpf之间表达没有显著差异;在32hpf和36hpf时表达有显著提高,36hpf时候表达最高(图15B右)。
原位杂交(WISH)表达
整胚原位杂交结果显示:elovl1 mRNA在12hpf胚胎的眼和脊索前板中表达(图16D);在24hpf胚胎的眼、表皮和尾芽表达,尾芽处表达较强烈(图16E);在36hpf,elovl1mRNA除了在眼睛和尾芽中持续表达外,还在中脑和后脑位置有明显表达(图16F)。
Elovl6 mRNA仅在12hpf胚胎的脊索前板中度表达(图16G);在24hpf胚胎的表皮和后体节中有中度表达(图16H);在36hpf,elovl6 mRNA除了在表皮和后体节中有持续表达外,还在中脑位置有显著表达(图16I)。
饥饿对回交鲂鲌elovl1和elovl6 mRNA表达的影响
为研究正在发育中的回交鲂鲌幼鱼elovl1和elovl6基因对不同营养条件的表达反应,试验将回交鲂鲌幼鱼进行了6d的连续饥饿处理,然后又进行连续6天的恢复投喂。按照参考文献(Zheng G D,Zhou C X,Lin S T,et al.Two grass carp(Ctenopharyngodonidella)insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5genes exhibit differentyet conserved functions in development and growth[J].Comparative Biochemistryand Physiology,Part B,2017(204):69-76)中的实验方法,设置两组实验鱼平行(实验组和对照组),分别在饥饿的第0、2、4和6d,以及复投饲料的第3和6d取样,然后快速提取脑、肝脏和肾脏中RNA,并利用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测elovl1和elovl6 mRNA的表达水平。实验结果显示在饥饿处理的第2、4、6天中,elovl1和elovl6 mRNAs在肾脏中显著下调(p<0.05);在恢复投喂的第3d和第6d天,两个基因在肾脏中的表达又逐渐恢复至对照水平,elovl1恢复的速度较快,在恢复投喂的第3d便恢复至对照水平。在脑中,elovl1和elovl6的表达也是随饥饿处理而下降,恢复投喂后又升高;与elovl1不同的是,elovl6的表达在饥饿2d时先有微弱的升高,然后才开始下降。在肝脏中,elovl1基因在饥饿2d时变化不显著,从饥饿4d开始显著下降,恢复投喂后又升高至对照水平;而elovl6基因在饥饿2d时即显著下降,在饥饿4d时又有所升高,在饥饿6d时下降至最低水平。虽然elovl1和elovl6基因在不同的组织中表达有差异,但总体趋势保持一致,即饥饿处理时表达水平下降,在恢复投喂后又逐渐回到正常水平(图17)。
讨论
ELOVL1催化一系列饱和及单不饱和脂肪酸的冷凝,主要催化C20和C22的饱和脂肪酸的延伸,对C14有显著的活性;ELOVL6催化C12-C16的饱和或单不饱和脂肪酸的延长,在参与C18:0和C18:1n-9的合成过程中起到至关重要的作用,同时对C18及以上的脂肪酸没有延伸作用,在长链脂肪酸延长反应中起到限速酶的作用。
本研究中,我们克隆并分析了回交鲂鲌elovl1和elovl6基因。蛋白组成上,二者均含有Elo结构域,elovl1成熟肽中有2个半胱氨酸残基而elovl6包含4个半胱氨酸残基。另外,回交鲂鲌elovl1/6与人、斑马鱼elovl1/6在成熟肽中具有相同的半胱氨酸残基数和相似的位置,而且在氨基酸水平上具有较高的相似性,说明elovl1/6进化上具有结构和功能的保守性。由于回交鲂鲌elovl6与人、斑马鱼elovl6的相似度高于回交鲂鲌elovl1与人、斑马鱼elovl1的相似度,这可能说明回交鲂鲌elovl1基因比elovl6基因的进化速度更快。
回交鲂鲌elovl1和6与其它硬骨鱼类聚类良好,回交鲂鲌的elovl1先跟其他鱼类elovl1聚类,再跟人、小鼠和爪蟾的elovl1聚类;而elovl6同样先跟其他鱼类elovl6聚类,再跟人、小鼠和爪蟾的elovl6聚类;elovl1和elovl 6明显聚为两个大的分支。所以,我们推测elovl1和elovl 6的产生是发生在辐鳍鱼的第三次基因组复制之前,即鱼类特异的“3R”基因组复制之前。
在成鱼中,elovl1与elovl6在多个组织中都有不同程度表达。Elovl1在脑、肝脏、肾脏和皮肤中表达强烈,elovl6在脑、肝脏、眼和皮肤中表达较高;该结果表明脑、肝脏和皮肤组织是高不饱和脂肪酸HUFA的主要合成场所,消耗量较大。Elovl6在肝组织中表达水平较高,说明肝脏组织中的ELOVL6在回交鲂鲌BC-1体内发挥了重要功能。
肝脏作为鱼类脂类存贮加工的主要场所,其脂质含量高,脂类新陈代谢十分旺盛,可见ELOVL6在脂类合成代谢途径中的重要性。而elovl1和elovl6又分别在回交鲂鲌BC-1肾脏和眼睛具有特异性高表达,说明elovl1和elovl6分别对肾脏和眼睛的功能发挥具有重要作用。
在回交鲂鲌胚胎发育过程中,在受精卵0hpf时期检测到elovl1与elovl6的表达都很微弱,说明发育初期需求量较少;二者均在8hpf时表达开始升高,这说明在该时期胚胎对高不饱和脂肪酸HUFA的需求变大。Elovl1在24hpf时达到一个较高水平,相比elovl6的32hpf要早。最后两个基因的表达水平都稳定在了较高水平,这证明回交鲂鲌在胚胎发育晚期对高不饱和脂肪酸HUFA的需求维持在一个高水平。
整胚原位杂交结果显示:elovl1 mRNA在12hpf胚胎的眼和脊索前板中表达信号明显;在24hpf胚胎的眼、表皮和尾芽表达,在36hpf,elovl1 mRNA除了在眼睛、尾芽、中后脑位置表达信号明显。总体来看,elovl1对脑、眼和表皮等富含神经感知系统的器官具有重要作用。Elovl6 mRNA的表达跟elovl1比较相似,也较多的在脑和眼中表达;不同的是,elovl6在后体节中有较高表达信号,说明其与体节的发生有关。由此表明,该两个elovl基因表达模式既有部分重复同时又存在表达差异。由于回交鲂鲌胚胎发育早期,卵膜跟胚胎的弥合在一起无法剥离,所以实验没有研究elovl1/6基因在12hpf前的空间表达。
为研究正在发育中的回交鲂鲌幼鱼elovl1和elovl6基因对不同营养条件的表达反应,试验将回交鲂鲌幼鱼进行了6d的连续饥饿处理,然后又进行连续6天的恢复投喂。实验结果显示在饥饿处理的第2、4、6天中,elovl1和elovl6 mRNAs在肾脏中显著下调(p<0.05);在恢复投喂的第3d和第6d天,两个基因在肾脏中的表达又逐渐恢复至对照水平,elovl1恢复的速度较快,在恢复投喂的第3d便恢复至对照水平。在脑中,elovl1和elovl6的表达也是随饥饿处理而下降,恢复投喂后又升高;与elovl1不同的是,elovl6的表达在饥饿2d时先有微弱的升高,然后才开始下降。在肝脏中,elovl1基因在饥饿2d时变化不显著,从饥饿4d开始显著下降,恢复投喂后又升高至对照水平;而elovl6基因在饥饿2d时即显著下降,在饥饿4d时又有所升高,在饥饿6d时下降至最低水平。虽然elovl1和elovl6基因在不同的组织中表达有差异,但总体趋势保持一致,即饥饿处理时表达水平下降,在恢复投喂后又逐渐回到正常水平。
本研究首次克隆得到了回交鲂鲌两个基因elovl1和elovl6,并进行了相关生物学研究。序列和表达结果表明两基因的相似度不高,但是含有相同的结构域;饥饿-复食的试验显示,不同的营养水平会影响elovl1/6基因的表达。本实验结果揭示了营养对该基因可能的调控机制,为回交鲂鲌新品种elovl1/6基因功能研究提供了新的思路。
以上各个实施例只是用于进一步说明本发明,并不是用来限制本发明的保护范围,凡是基于本发明的构思所作出的等同变换及对本发明的各个技术方案显而易见的改进,均落入本发明的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 上海海洋大学
<120> ELOVL1基因及其应用
<141> 2019-08-23
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Claims (5)
1.一种ELOVL1基因在提高杂交鱼的增重率和生长速度中的用途,所述杂交鱼为第一回交鱼BC-1,所述第一回交鱼BC-1通过以下步骤获得:
首先利用雌性团头鲂与雄性翘嘴鲌杂交获得第一杂交鱼,待第一杂交鱼发育成熟,再利用雄性团头鲂与雌性第一杂交鱼进行回交获得第一回交鱼BC-1;
其中,所述ELOVL1基因编码的蛋白序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:
所述团头鲂选自浦江1号;和/或
所述翘嘴鲌选自青浦淀山湖翘嘴鲌原种。
3.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:
所述ELOVL1基因的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
4.一种ELOVL1基因,所述ELOVL1基因编码的蛋白序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
5.如权利要求4所述的基因,其特征在于:
所述ELOVL1基因的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
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