CN110506547A - 一种病虫害防治方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种病虫害防治方法,本发明包括栽培管理、种植前管理、种植后喷晒绿色杀虫剂、科学平衡施有机肥、种植防治植物;本发明的种植前管理利用臭氧水的强氧化性,可实现一施多用,防治费用低,且有效节约人力物力,有效解决使用农药造成的农药残留、污染环境的问题;种植后喷晒绿色杀虫剂使用纯天然植物混合而成进行防治,植物主要病虫害的防治效果高,用绿色杀虫剂消灭病虫害,具有较好的环保效果;经济效益、社会效益和生态效益显著,施有机肥提高植物本身的抵抗力,并且种植防治植物,防止病虫相互传播。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防治方法,具体涉及一种病虫害防治方法。
背景技术
所谓“民以食为天”,人们的各项生理活动都离不开食物这一前提、当前“毒菜、毒米、毒水果”的现象已经在各地形成愈演愈烈之势,农药成为了当前食品上危害健康的重大因素,但我们也知道,离开了农药,解决病虫害就变成一个让人头痛的难题,而病虫害的发生往往与病菌和病毒有着密切的关系,因此我们展开了绿色无污染杀菌杀毒的研究,克服了传统施用农药进行病虫害防治成本高、污染 严重等缺陷,从根本上解决农药问题。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种病虫害防治方法,可准确、安全、有效的进行农作物病虫害的防治。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现 :一种病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、栽培管理:严格按规定的程序操作选择良种,防止带毒植物种混入,造成交叉感染;从源头堵住病毒病的传染;
S2、种植前管理:中耕除草,排除积水,降低温度,增强通风透光能力;消灭越冬菌源,种植前彻底清扫种植区,收获后清除种植区的落叶落果,集中烧毁;种植工具定时消毒,交替使用;种植使用前、后及时对土壤喷施臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,使土壤保持在密闭的环境中,持续12—15小时;
S3、种植后喷晒绿色杀虫剂:取鱼藤、茶籽饼、野蒿、曼陀罗、蓖麻、苦参、金银花、马醉木捣烂加5-8倍水浸泡30-60分钟后文火煮沸,过滤后的滤液即为绿色杀虫剂,每隔10天在种植区内喷洒;
S4、科学平衡施有机肥:施用有机肥抗病健体,结合使用抗逆诱导剂,刺激、诱导植物本身产生抗逆性,提高植物的适应性,增强植物免疫力;
S5、种植防治植物:在田的四周或池塘的四周种植菖蒲,隔绝虫害相互传播;菖蒲可有效防治稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、稻螟蛉、蚜虫、红蜘蛛等虫害;
所述臭氧水的使用浓度范围为6—15ppm;利用臭氧水的强氧化性,可实现一施多用,同时防治多种病虫,而且防治费用低,没有污染;喷施臭氧水时注意带上口罩,有条件的话可以带上防毒面具,防止呼吸道受损;臭氧水的喷施,对喷施器械的选择也很重要,选择喷头的喷孔直径大于3mm的喷施器械,尽量使喷施出来的臭氧水为水柱状,防止臭氧水雾化,降低臭氧的浓度,影响防治效果;“臭氧水”采用北京山美水美环保公司生产的CFS1000*10P型高浓度臭氧水发生器制备而成。
所述绿色杀虫剂由以下重量配合的组分组成:鱼藤15-20份、茶籽饼5-10份、野蒿18-22份、曼陀罗15-20份、蓖麻5-10份、苦参2-5份、金银花2-5份、马醉木15-20份,经破壁机粉碎成粉,混合均匀后得混合粉,按混合粉:水的重量比为1:10的比例浸泡30-60分钟后再文火煮沸,过滤冷却后即得绿色杀虫剂。
鱼藤:可防治蚜虫、红蜘蛛、粉虱、叶蝉、天蛾、银纹夜蛾、蓑蛾以及其他毛虫类害虫等;
茶籽饼:可防治蚜虫及蜗牛、蛞蝓等,对锈病有一定防治效果;
野蒿:可防治蚜虫、红蜘蛛、菜青虫、软体动物等;
曼陀罗:可防治蚜虫、红蜘蛛、黏虫、玉米螟等,对锈菌孢子也有一定的抑制作用;
蓖麻:可防治金龟子、蚜虫、叶蝉、金花虫等。将蓖麻叶、秆晒干,碾成粉末施人土中,可防治蛴螬等地下害虫;
苦参:可防治蚜虫、叶蝉、菜青虫、烟青虫、螟虫、舟蛾等,并能抑制锈菌孢子萌发;
金银花:可防治地老虎、金针虫等;
马醉木:可以防除地下害虫。若把叶、茎或树皮的浸出液配成液汁,可防除蚜虫、壁虱及一般软体害虫;
所述消灭越冬菌源是将落叶落果堆砌大火燃烧,烧死土壤表皮虫卵,再用浓度范围为10—15ppm的臭氧水,杀死地下病虫害,使用量为100—200kg/亩/次,喷施臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,使土壤保持在密闭的环境中,持续12—15小时。
本发明的有益效果:本发明利用臭氧水进行防治,绿色杀虫剂进行高峰期杀虫,具有较好的环保效果,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益显著;臭氧溶于水中后有更强、更快的杀菌消毒作用,可准确、安全、有效的进行农作物病虫害的防治,可消灭果树和蔬菜上的各种病菌病毒,作用于作物本身利用率高见效快,有效解决使用农药造成的农药残留、污染环境的问题;使用的杀虫剂使用纯天然植物混合而成,对植物无损害,对人体无毒副作用,加工成本低,制作原料随处可见,农户可在家自己制做,并有利于环保;并且种植菖蒲隔离带,将每一个区域隔离出来,成为独立的个体,防止病虫传播。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明及其具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
本发明包括以下步骤:
S1、栽培管理:严格按规定的程序操作选择良种,防止带毒植物种混入,造成交叉感染;从源头堵住病毒病的传染;
S2、种植前管理:中耕除草,排除积水,降低温度,增强通风透光能力;消灭越冬菌源,种植前彻底清扫种植区,收获后清除种植区的落叶落果,集中烧毁;种植工具定时消毒,交替使用;种植使用前、后及时对土壤喷施臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,使土壤保持在密闭的环境中,持续12—15小时;
S3、种植后喷晒绿色杀虫剂:取鱼藤、茶籽饼、野蒿、曼陀罗、蓖麻、苦参、金银花、马醉木捣烂加5-8倍水浸泡30-60分钟后文火煮沸,过滤后的滤液即为绿色杀虫剂,每隔10天在种植区内喷洒;
S4、科学平衡施有机肥:施用有机肥抗病健体,结合使用抗逆诱导剂,刺激、诱导植物本身产生抗逆性,提高植物的适应性,增强植物免疫力;
S5、种植防治植物:在田的四周或池塘的四周种植菖蒲,隔绝虫害相互传播;菖蒲可有效防治稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、稻螟蛉、蚜虫、红蜘蛛等虫害;
所述臭氧水的使用浓度范围为6—15ppm;利用臭氧水的强氧化性,可实现一施多用,同时防治多种病虫,而且防治费用低,没有污染。
所述绿色杀虫剂由以下重量配合的组分组成:鱼藤15-20份、茶籽饼5-10份、野蒿18-22份、曼陀罗15-20份、蓖麻5-10份、苦参2-5份、金银花2-5份、马醉木15-20份,经破壁机粉碎成粉,混合均匀后得混合粉,按混合粉:水的重量比为1:10的比例浸泡30-60分钟后再文火煮沸,过滤冷却后即得绿色杀虫剂。
所述消灭越冬菌源是将落叶落果堆砌大火燃烧,烧死土壤表皮虫卵,再用浓度范围为10—15ppm的臭氧水,杀死地下病虫害,使用量为100—200kg/亩/次,喷施臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,使土壤保持在密闭的环境中,持续12—15小时。
以下给出本发明的实施例。
实施例1
S1、栽培管理:严格按规定的程序操作选择良种,防止带毒植物种混入,造成交叉感染;从源头堵住病毒病的传染;
S2、种植前管理:中耕除草,排除积水,降低温度,增强通风透光能力;消灭越冬菌源,种植前彻底清扫种植区,收获后清除种植区的落叶落果,集中烧毁;种植工具定时消毒,交替使用;种植使用前、后及时对土壤喷施浓度为15ppm的臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,持续15小时,使土壤保持在密闭的环境中,让臭氧 水的杀虫、杀菌作用发挥到最大;
S3、种植后喷晒绿色杀虫剂:取鱼藤15份、茶籽饼5份、野蒿18份、曼陀罗15份、蓖麻5份、苦参2份、金银花2份、马醉木15份,捣烂加8倍水浸泡30-60分钟后文火煮沸,过滤后的滤液即为绿色杀虫剂,每隔10天在种植区内喷洒;
S4、科学平衡施有机肥:施用有机肥抗病健体,结合使用抗逆诱导剂,刺激、诱导植物本身产生抗逆性,提高植物的适应性,增强植物免疫力;
S5、种植防治植物:在田的四周或池塘的四周种植双排菖蒲,隔绝虫害相互传播;菖蒲可有效防治稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、稻螟蛉、蚜虫、红蜘蛛等虫害;
实施例2
S2、种植前管理:种植前和收获后,清除种植区的落叶落果,集中烧毁后,分别喷施浓度为12ppm的臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,持续12小时;
S3、种植后喷晒绿色杀虫剂:取鱼藤17份、茶籽饼6份、野蒿20份、曼陀罗18份、蓖麻7份、苦参3份、金银花3份、马醉木17份,捣烂加9倍水浸泡30-60分钟后文火煮沸,过滤后的滤液即为绿色杀虫剂,每隔10天在种植区内喷洒;
其余同实施例1。
实施例 3
S2、种植前管理:种植前和收获后,清除种植区的落叶落果,集中烧毁后,分别喷施浓度为10ppm的臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,持续10小时;
S3、种植后喷晒绿色杀虫剂:取鱼藤20份、茶籽饼10份、野蒿22份、曼陀罗20份、蓖麻10份、苦参5份、金银花5份、马醉木20份,捣烂加10倍水浸泡30-60分钟后文火煮沸,过滤后的滤液即为绿色杀虫剂,每隔10天在种植区内喷洒;
其余同实施例1。
Claims (4)
1.一种病虫害防治方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、栽培管理:严格按规定的程序操作选择良种,防止带毒植物种混入,造成交叉感染;从源头堵住病毒病的传染;
S2、种植前管理:中耕除草,排除积水,降低温度,增强通风透光能力;消灭越冬菌源,种植前彻底清扫种植区,收获后清除种植区的落叶落果,集中烧毁;种植工具定时消毒,交替使用;种植使用前、后及时对土壤喷施臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,使土壤保持在密闭的环境中,持续12—15小时;
S3、种植后喷晒绿色杀虫剂:取鱼藤、茶籽饼、野蒿、曼陀罗、蓖麻、苦参、金银花、马醉木捣烂加8-10倍水浸泡30-60分钟后文火煮沸,过滤后的滤液即为绿色杀虫剂,每隔10天在种植区内喷洒;
S4、科学平衡施有机肥:施用有机肥抗病健体,结合使用抗逆诱导剂,刺激、诱导植物本身产生抗逆性,提高植物的适应性,增强植物免疫力;
S5、种植防治植物:在田的四周或池塘的四周种植菖蒲,隔绝虫害相互传播。
2.按权利要求1所述一种病虫害防治方法,其特征在于所述臭氧水的使用浓度范围为6—15ppm。
3.按权利要求1所述一种病虫害防治方法,其特征在于所述绿色杀虫剂由以下重量配合的组分组成:鱼藤15-20份、茶籽饼5-10份、野蒿18-22份、曼陀罗15-20份、蓖麻5-10份、苦参2-5份、金银花2-5份、马醉木15-20份,经破壁机粉碎成粉,混合均匀后得混合粉,按混合粉:水的重量比为1:10的比例浸泡30-60分钟后再文火煮沸,过滤冷却后即得绿色杀虫剂。
4.按权利要求1所述一种病虫害防治方法,其特征在于所述消灭越冬菌源是将落叶落果堆砌大火燃烧,烧死土壤表皮虫卵,再用浓度范围为10—15ppm的臭氧水,杀死地下病虫害,使用量为100—200kg/亩/次,喷施臭氧水后,在土壤上覆盖一层塑料膜,使土壤保持在密闭的环境中,持续12—15小时。
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