CN110500956B - Standard circle track generating device - Google Patents
Standard circle track generating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110500956B CN110500956B CN201910780110.7A CN201910780110A CN110500956B CN 110500956 B CN110500956 B CN 110500956B CN 201910780110 A CN201910780110 A CN 201910780110A CN 110500956 B CN110500956 B CN 110500956B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
- G01B11/005—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates coordinate measuring machines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
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- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a standard circle track generating device, which comprises a main rotating shaft, a shell sleeved on the periphery of the main rotating shaft, two rotating arms and transmission parts, wherein a sliding sleeve positioned between the main rotating shaft and the shell is sleeved on the main rotating shaft, the sliding sleeve is arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the main rotating shaft, one end of the main rotating shaft is provided with the transmission part driven by the transmission part to rotate, the other end of the main rotating shaft is connected with the rotating arms, the rotating arms comprise beam arms which are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the main rotating shaft and are vertical to the main rotating shaft and targets arranged at the far ends of the beam arms, and the middle part of the rotating arms is also provided with a. The standard circle track generating device can effectively improve the centering capacity of the main rotating shaft, reduce radial vibration when the main rotating shaft rotates, reduce errors caused by vibration interference, and ensure that a target on the rotating arm can accurately perform standard circle track motion, so that dynamic characteristic calibration and detection can be performed on measuring equipment such as a laser tracker and the like, and the calibration and detection precision is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of verification and calibration devices of high-precision measuring devices, in particular to a standard circular track generating device.
Background
The main machine of the laser tracking three-dimensional coordinate measuring system is composed of an interferometer or a distance meter and two mutually perpendicular angle measuring systems, a spherical coordinate system is established, the movement of a ray tracking reflection target is controlled by a double-shaft rotation driving mechanism, the distance between the main machine and the reflection target and the angle coordinates of rotating shafts are measured at the same time, the position of the target in the coordinate system is determined, and a static target can be measured, and a movable target can be tracked and measured.
The laser tracking three-dimensional coordinate measuring system can ensure the measuring accuracy only by calibrating, a target and a target seat of the conventional calibrating method use standard devices, the errors of the target and the target seat cannot be measured in the calibrating process, but in practical application, the final calibrating accuracy of the laser tracker can be influenced due to the manufacturing errors, artificial installation errors and the like of the devices, and when dynamic speed measurement is carried out, the conventional calibrating method needs to use components different from static measurement and needs to rearrange the calibrating environment, so that the calibrating process is complicated, and the calibrating accuracy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provide a technical task for improving the prior art, and provides a standard circular track generating device, which solves the problem of poor calibration accuracy caused by errors existing in a calibration mode in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a standard circle orbit generating device, includes main pivot, cover at main pivot outlying casing, rocking arm and drive disk assembly, main pivot on the cover be equipped with the sliding sleeve that is located between main pivot and the casing to the sliding sleeve is provided with two at the axial of main pivot interval, main pivot one end set up drive disk assembly and drive rotatoryly by it, the rocking arm is connected to the other end, the rocking arm includes the beam arm that sets up with main pivot axle center symmetry and perpendicular to main pivot and the target that sets up at the beam arm distal end, and the middle part of rocking arm still be provided with the ring gage of center and main pivot axle center coincidence. The standard circle track generating device utilizes the transmission part to drive the main rotating shaft to rotate, so that the target on the rotating arm performs circular motion, the main rotating shaft is supported by the sliding sleeves arranged at intervals, the stability of the main rotating shaft during rotation is guaranteed, the centering capacity of the main rotating shaft is improved, the radial vibration of the main rotating shaft during rotation is reduced, and the beam arms are arranged on the opposite sides of the axis of the main rotating shaft, so that the stability of the rotating arm during rotation can be further guaranteed, the error caused by vibration interference is reduced, the target on the rotating arm can be enabled to perform the standard circle track motion accurately, dynamic characteristic calibration and detection can be performed on measuring equipment such as a laser tracker, and the calibration and detection precision is high. The ring gauge can accurately mark the center position of the ring gauge, the standard radius of the standard circular track generating device can be measured through the ring gauge, the parameter performance of the standard circular track generating device is proved, the measuring precision is guaranteed, and the quantity value tracing is realized.
Furthermore, the beam arm is an equal-strength beam, the maximum normal stress on each cross section of the beam is equal and reaches the allowable stress of the material, namely the equal-strength beam, the resonance frequency of the beam can be staggered with the excitation frequency generated by the working of equipment through modal adjustment, the axial vibration in the movement of the target is greatly eliminated, the movement stability is improved, the accuracy of the target in standard circular track movement is improved, and the calibration accuracy is improved.
Further, the center department of rocking arm set up the centering awl that is used for being connected with main pivot, the tip setting of main pivot with centering awl complex centering head, centering awl is the toper structure, centering overhead seted up with centering awl complex tapered slot for the rocking arm can be accurate install main pivot on, improve rocking arm and main pivot be connected the steadiness, reduce the error that the vibration interference caused, improve the target and carry out the accuracy of standard circle orbit motion.
Furthermore, centering cone and centering head form through the match-grinding processing, improve the cooperation precision of rocking arm and main pivot to improve motion stability, guarantee the straightness that hangs down between beam arm and the main pivot.
Furthermore, the sliding sleeve is one or a combination of a ball type metal sliding sleeve, a graphite sliding sleeve and a static pressure type oil lubricating sleeve, so that the main rotating shaft is ensured to rotate smoothly and stably, the centering capacity of the main rotating shaft is improved, and the radial vibration of the main rotating shaft during rotation is reduced.
Further, the transmission part be magnetic transmission mechanism to keep apart main pivot and power supply when realizing the transmission, the motor drives main pivot through magnetic transmission mechanism, can carry out the transmission of power and moment through direct contact, eliminate the influence of motor end vibration to main pivot through keeping apart the transmission, improve the rotational stability of main pivot, thereby ensure that the target can be accurate carry out the motion of standard circle orbit, magnetic transmission can realize that the motor cushions the start-up, overload or lock rotor protection, electrodeless speed governing, high efficiency and energy saving, frictionless transmission, long service life.
Further, the transmission part include with main pivot coaxial line set up power shaft, connect at the epaxial conductor rotor of power and connect at the epaxial magnetic rotor of main pivot, and conductor rotor and magnetic rotor between have the air gap, just can adjust output torque through the size of adjustment air gap to realize the change of load rotational speed, the compact structure of transmission part, occupation space is little, realizes the frictionless transmission, efficient, the good reliability, longe-lived, the transmission is steady, the noise is low, ensures the rotational stability of main pivot.
According to the magnitude tracing method of the standard circle trajectory generation device, when the rotating arm is not installed on the main rotating shaft, the distance L from the target to the center of the ring gauge is measured by adopting the three-coordinate measuring system1After the rotating arm is installed on the main rotating shaft, a dial indicator is used for measuring the deviant Z of the center of the ring gauge when the beam arm is turned for 180 degrees in the vertical state, the deviant X of the center of the ring gauge when the beam arm (31) is turned for 180 degrees in the horizontal state is measured, and the standard radius L of the standard circular track generating device is obtained through calculation by a formula3，
Standard radius L of standard circular track generating device3The quantity value tracing is realized through a three-coordinate measuring system, a dial indicator and a ring gauge.
By adopting the calibration method of the standard circle track generating device, the rotating arm rotates at a uniform speed under the driving of the main rotating shaft, the measured instrument acquires the spatial position of the target when the target moves to a preset fixed-length chord length, all spatial position data are used for fitting after the target rotates for a circle to obtain a fitting radius, and the difference value between the fitting radius and the standard radius of the standard circle track generating device is the dynamic indication error of the measured instrument.
Further, the target moves along the circumference under the driving of the main rotating shaft, the target is accelerated according to a preset acceleration value after moving for a set step length until the measured instrument is out of target, and the dynamic speed limit of the measured instrument is obtained by subtracting one acceleration value from the target rotating speed during the target out of target.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the standard circle track generating device can effectively improve the centering capacity of the main rotating shaft, reduce radial vibration when the main rotating shaft rotates, reduce errors caused by vibration interference, and ensure that a target on the rotating arm can accurately perform standard circle track motion, so that dynamic characteristic calibration and detection can be performed on measuring equipment such as a laser tracker and the like, and the calibration and detection precision is high;
the rotating arm is an equal-strength beam, so that the axial vibration in the standard target motion can be greatly eliminated, the motion stability and precision are improved, and the calibration accuracy is improved;
the magnetic transmission is adopted, force and torque are transmitted without direct contact, the influence of vibration of a motor end on a main rotating shaft is eliminated, the rotating stability of the main rotating shaft is improved, friction-free transmission is realized, the noise is low, and the service life is long;
the radial vibration and the axial vibration of the standard circular track performed by the target are better than 5 mu m, the calibration precision is improved, and the dynamic performance of tracking instruments such as a laser tracker can be accurately tested;
the standard diameter of the standard circular track generating device is obtained through measurement and calculation, the formula for obtaining the standard diameter has invariance, the standard diameter can realize value traceability through a three-coordinate measuring system, a dial indicator and a ring gauge, the value accuracy and consistency of the standard circular track generating device are guaranteed, the parameter performance of the standard circular track generating device is proved, namely the standard diameter of the standard circular track generating device is proved to have high accuracy, the calibration accuracy of the standard circular track generating device to a measured instrument is effectively guaranteed, and the uncertainty is superior to 3 mu m.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a standard circle trajectory generating device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The standard circular track generating device disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure and high precision, and greatly reduces errors caused by radial and axial vibration in the rotating process, thereby improving the calibration precision and accurately testing the dynamic performance of tracking instruments such as a laser tracker.
As shown in fig. 1, a standard circular trajectory generating device mainly comprises a main rotating shaft 1, a housing 2, a rotating arm 3 and a transmission part 4;
the shell 2 is sleeved on the periphery of the main rotating shaft 1, the main rotating shaft 1 is sleeved with two sliding sleeves 5 positioned between the main rotating shaft 1 and the shell 2, the sliding sleeves 5 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 1, the sliding sleeves 5 are distributed at two ends close to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 1, and the sliding sleeves 5 are one or a combination of a ball type metal sliding sleeve, a graphite sliding sleeve and a static pressure type oil lubricating sleeve, so that the main rotating shaft 1 can stably and freely rotate in the shell 2 through the sliding sleeves 5, the centering capability of the main rotating shaft is improved, and the radial vibration when the main rotating shaft rotates is reduced;
one end of the main rotating shaft 1 is connected with a rotating arm 3, the center of the rotating arm 3 is coincided with the axis of the main rotating shaft 1, the rotating arm 3 comprises beam arms 31 which are symmetrically arranged at the center and are vertical to the main rotating shaft 1 and spherical targets 32 arranged at the far ends of the beam arms 31, in the embodiment, the beam arms 31 are arranged two and are distributed along a straight line passing through the center of the rotating arm 3, the beam arms 31 are equal-strength beams, the resonance frequency of the beam arms is staggered with the excitation frequency generated by the work of equipment through mode adjustment, the axial vibration in the movement of the targets is greatly eliminated, a centering cone 33 used for being connected with the main rotating shaft 1 is arranged at the center of the rotating arm 3, a centering head 11 matched with the centering cone 33 is arranged at the end part of the main rotating shaft 1, the centering cone is in a conical structure, a conical groove matched with the centering cone is arranged on the centering head, and the centering cone 33 and the centering head 11 are machined through matched grinding, therefore, the matching connection accuracy of the rotating arm 3 and the main rotating shaft 1 is guaranteed, the assembly verticality of the beam arm 31 and the main rotating shaft 1 is guaranteed, and the middle part of the rotating arm 3 is also provided with a ring gauge 34 of which the center is superposed with the axis of the main rotating shaft 1, namely the ring gauge 34 is also superposed with the center of the centering cone 33;
the other end of the main rotating shaft 1 is provided with a transmission part 4, the motor drives the main rotating shaft 1 to rotate through the transmission part 4, the transmission part 4 is a magnetic transmission mechanism, in this embodiment, the transmission member 4 includes a power shaft 41 coaxially disposed with the main rotating shaft 1, a conductor rotor 42 connected to the power shaft 41, and a magnetic rotor 43 connected to the main rotating shaft 1, the magnetic rotor 43 is connected to the end of the main rotating shaft 1 through a driven connecting shaft, and an air gap 44 is arranged between the conductor rotor 42 and the magnetic rotor 43, the output torque can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the air gap, the motor is not directly contacted with the main rotating shaft 1, realizes transmission through the rotating magnetic field, eliminates the influence of the vibration of the motor end on the main rotating shaft, improves the rotating stability of the main rotating shaft, therefore, the precision of the target in standard circular track motion is improved, and the calibration precision of the standard circular track generating device on the measured instrument is improved.
In practical situations, there are always machining errors, assembly errors and the like, the center of the ring gauge deviates from the actual rotation axis by a certain amount, the standard circular trajectory performed by the target 32 of the standard circular trajectory generation device also has a certain error, the radius of the standard circular trajectory performed by the target 32 is an important parameter for the standard circular trajectory generation device to calibrate the measured instrument, the standard circular trajectory generation device needs to be subjected to quantity tracing, the quantity of the standard circular trajectory generation device is ensured to be accurate and consistent through verification/calibration and the like, and the radius of the standard circular trajectory performed by the target 32 is measured by a higher-precision instrument.
There are four main approaches to magnitude tracing: (1) directly sending to qualified certification/calibration institutions for certification and calibration to realize quantity value tracing, such as the export China metrological science research institute, the China testing technology research institute and the like; (2) the unit metering mechanism establishes a highest standard (reference standard), and performs internal verification and calibration to realize magnitude tracing; (3) (ii) enabling magnitude traceability by using certified standard materials (CRM); (4) when the source tracing is impossible or inapplicable to national base (standard), the source tracing is to a recognized physical standard (standard substance and reference substance), or the proof is provided through a comparison test, participation capability verification and other ways. For example, some special test devices can implement quantity tracing in the form of metering comparison without a tracing channel, and provide proof for parameter performance.
In the embodiment, the method for tracing the source of the standard circle trajectory generation device specifically includes measuring the distance L from the target 32 to the center of the ring gauge 34 by using a three-coordinate measuring system when the rotating arm 3 is not mounted on the main rotating shaft 11After the rotating arm 3 is installed on the main rotating shaft 1, the deflection value Z of the center of the ring gauge 34 when the beam arm 31 is turned 180 degrees in the vertical state is measured by a dial indicator, the deflection value X of the center of the ring gauge 34 when the beam arm 31 is turned 180 degrees in the horizontal state is measured, and the standard radius L of the standard circular track generating device is calculated by a formula3，
The formula of the standard diameter has invariance, and the standard radius L of the standard circular track generating device3The method realizes the tracing of the quantity value through a three-coordinate measuring system, a dial indicator and a ring gauge, establishes a connection with a corresponding national measuring standard, ensures the accuracy and consistency of the quantity value of the standard circular track generating device, ensures the reliability of the quantity value of the standard circular track generating device, and checks whether the standard circular track generating device is always in a good technical state.
The calibration method of the standard circle locus generating device comprises the driving of the rotating arm 3 on the main rotating shaft 1Rotating at a constant speed, collecting the spatial position of the target when the measured instrument moves 50mm of chord length of the target 32, fitting the target 32 with all the spatial position data after rotating for a circle to obtain a fitting radius, and matching the fitting radius with the standard radius of the standard circle track generating device (the standard radius L obtained by a quantity value tracing method)3) The difference value is the dynamic indicating value error of the measured instrument.
The target 32 moves along the circle under the driving of the main rotating shaft 1, and the target 32 is accelerated according to a preset acceleration value after moving for a set step length until the measured instrument is off target, and the dynamic speed limit of the measured instrument is obtained by subtracting one acceleration value from the rotating speed of the target 32 during off target.
Make target 32 carry out different circular motion according to the requirement of calibration through the control motor, can be nimble carry out the measurement calibration of dynamic indicating value error, dynamic speed limit to equipment such as laser tracker, need not rearrange the calibration environment moreover, only need through the motor adjust target 32 the moving speed with pause the interval can, the calibration is succinct more, convenient, raise the efficiency.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The magnitude tracing method of the standard circle trajectory generating device is characterized in that the standard circle trajectory generating device comprises a main rotating shaft (1), a shell (2) sleeved on the periphery of the main rotating shaft (1), a rotating arm (3) and a transmission part (4), wherein a sliding sleeve (5) positioned between the main rotating shaft (1) and the shell (2) is sleeved on the main rotating shaft (1), two sliding sleeves (5) are arranged in the axial direction of the main rotating shaft (1) at intervals, one end of the main rotating shaft (1) is provided with the transmission part (4) which is driven by the transmission part to rotate, the other end of the main rotating shaft is connected with the rotating arm (3), and the rotating arm (3) is symmetrically arranged by the axis of the main rotating shaft (1) and is perpendicular to the main rotating shaftA beam arm (31) of the shaft (1) and a target (32) arranged at the far end of the beam arm (31), a ring gauge (34) with the center coinciding with the axis of the main rotating shaft (1) is also arranged in the middle of the rotating arm (3), and when the rotating arm (3) is not installed on the main rotating shaft (1), a three-coordinate measuring system is adopted to measure the distance L from the target (32) to the center of the ring gauge (34)1After the rotating arm (3) is installed on the main rotating shaft (1), a dial indicator is used for measuring the deviant Z of the center of the ring gauge (34) when the beam arm (31) is turned for 180 degrees in the vertical state, the deviant X of the center of the ring gauge (34) when the beam arm (31) is turned for 180 degrees in the horizontal state is measured, and the standard radius L of the standard circular track generating device is calculated by a formula3，
Standard radius L of standard circular track generating device3The quantity value tracing is realized through a three-coordinate measuring system, a dial indicator and a ring gauge.
2. The method for tracing the source of the standard circular trajectory generation device according to claim 1, wherein the beam arm (31) is an equal strength beam.
3. The method for tracing the source of the standard circular trajectory generation device according to claim 1, wherein a centering cone (33) for connecting with the main rotating shaft (1) is disposed at the center of the rotating arm (3), and a centering head (11) matched with the centering cone (33) is disposed at the end of the main rotating shaft (1).
4. The method for tracing the source of the standard circular trajectory generation device according to claim 3, wherein the centering cone (33) and the centering head (11) are manufactured by match grinding.
5. The method for tracing the source of the standard circular trajectory generation device according to claim 1, wherein the sliding sleeve (5) is one or a combination of a ball type metal sliding sleeve, a graphite sliding sleeve and a static pressure type oil lubrication sleeve.
6. The method for tracing the source of the standard circular trajectory generation device according to claim 1, wherein said transmission member (4) is a magnetic transmission mechanism.
7. The magnitude tracing method of a standard circular trajectory generation device according to claim 6, wherein said transmission member (4) comprises a power shaft (41) coaxially disposed with the main rotating shaft (1), a conductor rotor (42) connected to the power shaft (41), and a magnetic rotor (43) connected to the main rotating shaft (1), and an air gap (44) is provided between the conductor rotor (42) and the magnetic rotor (43).
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| US11326865B2 (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-05-10 | Mitutoyo Corporation | Rotating chromatic range sensor system with calibration objects and method |
| CN114485503B (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2023-07-28 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Multifunctional multi-target circular motion standard device |
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