CN110500095B - Small-diameter drilling pressure relief method under equivalent area - Google Patents
Small-diameter drilling pressure relief method under equivalent area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small-diameter drilling pressure relief method under equivalent area, which comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a mine equivalent simulation model; secondly, obtaining the pressure relief parameter range of the large-diameter drill hole; thirdly, optimizing pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill hole; fourthly, equivalently replacing the large-diameter drill holes with the small-diameter drill holes 401, setting a difference threshold 402, establishing an equivalent replacement arrangement form of the N small-diameter drill holes for equivalently replacing the large-diameter drill holes with an optimal pressure relief parameter, 403, sequentially performing pressure relief simulation according to the increasing sequence of the number of the small-diameter drill holes and obtaining the equivalent replacement arrangement form of the drill holes; and fifthly, pressure relief of the small-diameter drill hole. According to the method, the parameters of the large-diameter drill hole are optimized according to actual conditions of a mine, the large-diameter drill hole is equivalently replaced by the small-diameter drill hole under the equivalent area, the serious damage to the stability of a coal body caused by the overlarge aperture of the large-diameter drill hole is effectively avoided, the problem that special drilling equipment is arranged underground and cannot drill in a limited space of a roadway is avoided, and the transportation difficulty of the equipment is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of small-diameter drilling pressure relief, and particularly relates to a small-diameter drilling pressure relief method under equivalent area.
Background
Rock burst disasters are one of the most serious geological disasters faced in deep mine mining. The occurrence of rock burst has the characteristics of sudden property, short process and large destructiveness. The pressure relief of large-diameter drill holes is one of the prevention and treatment measures for rock burst. The large-diameter drill hole enables stress and elastic energy accumulated in the coal body to be released in the deformation process of extrusion, so that rock burst is avoided.
The existing large-diameter drill hole design only simply designs basic parameters of the large-diameter drill hole, and design parameters are not optimized, so that the drill hole is arranged aiming at the stratum environment to achieve the optimal pressure relief effect; major diameter drilling is under a certain degree, and the big pressure relief effect of aperture is more obvious, but the too big coal pillar wholeness that can destroy of drilling diameter makes the coal pillar lose bearing capacity, causes the coal pillar unstability to destroy, but the drilling diameter undersize can't play effectual pressure relief effect again, so need reasonable in design's drilling parameter, including diameter, hole depth, row spacing to large-scale drilling equipment receives the tunnel space restriction, can't use, and this just need utilize current equipment drilling to replace large-scale drilling equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for relieving pressure of a small-diameter borehole in an equivalent area, which is used for optimizing parameters of a large-diameter borehole according to actual conditions of a mine, equivalently replacing the large-diameter borehole with the small-diameter borehole in the equivalent area, effectively avoiding serious damage to the stability of a coal body due to overlarge diameter of the large-diameter borehole, avoiding underground special drilling equipment from being equipped, avoiding the situation that the special drilling equipment cannot drill in a limited space of a roadway, reducing the transportation difficulty of the equipment, being convenient and rapid to construct, having simple required equipment, reducing manual labor and being convenient to popularize and use.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for relieving pressure of a small-diameter drill hole with an equivalent area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a mine equivalent simulation model: recording stress values and distribution of a coal face and two sides of a tunnel after a mine tunnel is excavated, recording sizes and distribution areas of plastic zones of the coal face and the two sides of the tunnel, respectively arranging monitoring points at the bottom and the top of the coal face to monitor deformation of the coal face, respectively arranging monitoring points at the bottom and the top of the two sides of the tunnel to monitor deformation of the tunnel, and establishing a mine equivalent simulation model through numerical simulation software FLAC 3D;
drilling holes are arranged on the coal face and two sides of a roadway of the mine equivalent simulation model, wherein the drilling holes comprise single-hole large-diameter drilling holes and a plurality of small-diameter drilling holes which are smaller than the radius of the large-diameter drilling holes and are used for equivalent large-diameter drilling holes;
step two, obtaining the pressure relief parameter range of the large-diameter drill hole, wherein the process is as follows:
step 201, calculating the radius alpha of the large-diameter drill hole according to a formula alpha-omega l, wherein l is the height of a coal pillar in a mine, omega is a proportionality coefficient, and the value range of omega is 0.05-0.10;
step 202, determining the hole depth range of the large-diameter drill hole according to the drilling position of the large-diameter drill hole, wherein when the large-diameter drill hole is drilled on the coal face, the hole depth of the large-diameter drill hole is 1-3 times of the mining height; when the large-diameter drill holes are formed in the two sides of the roadway, the hole depth of the large-diameter drill holes is 3-4 times of the mining height;
step 203, according to the formula
Calculating the radius R of a peripheral crushing area of a drill hole of a large-diameter drill hole, wherein S is a hole wall loosening coefficient of a coal face and two sides of a roadway, and K is a drilling cutting quantity coefficient
Q1Drilling cuttings quantity, Q, for drilling a large-diameter borehole at a location of a high-stress zone of an actual mine2Drilling the drilling cuttings of a large-diameter drill hole at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine;
the row spacing between two adjacent large-diameter drill holes is larger than the radius R of the crushing area at the periphery of the drill hole of the large-diameter drill hole, and the radius, the hole depth and the row spacing of the large-diameter drill holes form pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill holes;
step three, optimizing pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill hole: selecting three different omega values according to the omega value range, and further calculating to obtain the diameters of three different large-diameter drill holes; selecting three mining height multiples to obtain the hole depths of three different large-diameter drill holes; acquiring the row spacing of three different large-diameter drill holes according to the diameters of the three different large-diameter drill holes, respectively taking the diameters of the three selected large-diameter drill holes, the hole depths of the three large-diameter drill holes and the row spacing of the three large-diameter drill holes as three factors, and selecting an L9(3^4) orthogonal experiment table to optimize the pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill holes through orthogonal experiments;
obtaining nine groups of test data according to nine test schemes designed by orthogonal tests, and analyzing the nine groups of test data by a range analysis method to obtain the optimal pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill hole, wherein the test data comprises stress distribution, a stress reduction proportion, roadway displacement deformation, plastic zone distribution and area size;
step four, equivalently replacing the large-diameter drilling hole with the small-diameter drilling hole, wherein the process is as follows:
step 401, setting a stress reduction proportion difference threshold, a roadway displacement deformation difference threshold and a plastic zone area difference threshold;
402, establishing an equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes for equivalently substituting one large-diameter drill hole with optimal pressure relief parameters, wherein N is a positive integer not less than 2, and when N is more than 2, the N small-diameter drill holes are arranged in a non-single-row centrosymmetric form;
step 403, sequentially carrying out pressure relief simulation on the large-diameter drill holes with N small-diameter drill holes equivalent to substitute for the optimal pressure relief parameter in numerical simulation software FLAC3D according to the increasing sequence of the number of the small-diameter drill holes, finishing the simulation test when the difference between the stress reduction proportion data in the pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes and the stress reduction proportion data of the large-diameter drill holes with the optimal pressure relief parameter is not larger than a preset stress reduction proportion difference threshold value, the difference between the roadway displacement deformation amount in the pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes and the roadway displacement deformation amount of the large-diameter drill holes with the optimal pressure relief parameter is not larger than a preset roadway displacement deformation amount difference threshold value, and the difference between the plastic area in the pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes and the plastic area of the large-diameter drill holes with the optimal pressure relief parameter is, obtaining an equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes equivalently substituting a large-diameter drill hole with an optimal pressure relief parameter;
step five, pressure relief of the small-diameter drill hole: and (3) according to the obtained equivalent substitution arrangement form of the N small-diameter drill holes for equivalently substituting the large-diameter drill hole with an optimal pressure relief parameter, the hole depth of the small-diameter drill hole and the row spacing of the equivalent drill holes, drilling and pressure relief are carried out on the high stress areas of the coal face and the two sides of the roadway in the actual mine.
The pressure relief method for the small-diameter drill hole under the equivalent area is characterized in that: in step 203
Wherein I is the total number of the large-diameter drill holes drilled at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine, I is the number of the large-diameter drill holes drilled at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine, and Q2iAnd drilling the drill cuttings of the ith large-diameter drill hole at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine.
The pressure relief method for the small-diameter drill hole under the equivalent area is characterized in that: the value range of N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5.
The pressure relief method for the small-diameter drill hole under the equivalent area is characterized in that: in step 403, when the difference between the stress reduction ratio data of the 5 small-diameter drill holes and the stress reduction ratio data of the large-diameter drill hole with the optimal pressure relief parameter in the pressure relief simulation test data is greater than the preset stress reduction ratio difference threshold, the difference between the roadway displacement deformation amount of the 5 small-diameter drill holes and the roadway displacement deformation amount of the large-diameter drill hole with the optimal pressure relief parameter in the pressure relief simulation test data is greater than the preset roadway displacement deformation difference threshold, and the difference between the plastic zone area of the 5 small-diameter drill holes and the plastic zone area of the large-diameter drill hole with the optimal pressure relief parameter in the pressure relief simulation test data is greater than the preset plastic zone area difference threshold, the simulation test is finished, and the arrangement form of the 5 small-diameter drill holes is used as an equivalent alternative arrangement form of the large-diameter drill holes equivalently replacing one optimal pressure relief parameter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method, a mine equivalent simulation model is established through numerical simulation software FLAC3D, the diameter of a large-diameter drill hole is determined according to the height of a coal pillar of an actual mine, the hole depth of the large-diameter drill hole is determined according to the opening position and mining height of the large-diameter drill hole, the radius of a crushing area at the periphery of the drill hole of the large-diameter drill hole is calculated, so that the row spacing between two adjacent large-diameter drill holes is determined, a data base is provided for equivalent replacement of the large-diameter drill hole by the small-diameter drill hole, the diameter, the hole depth and the row spacing of the large-diameter drill hole are respectively used as three factors, and an L9(3^4) orthogonal experiment table is selected to optimize pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill hole through orthogonal experiments.
2. The invention utilizes the drilling equipment of the actual mine to drill the small-diameter drill hole which can replace the large-diameter drill hole and meet the requirements, can avoid a plurality of problems caused by equipment in the construction process of the large-diameter drill hole, such as that transportation and large-scale equipment can not enter a roadway with limited space, has higher flexibility of the small-diameter drill hole, is convenient and quick to construct, has simple required equipment, and reduces manual labor.
3. The method has simple steps, sets a stress reduction proportion difference threshold value, a roadway displacement deformation difference threshold value and a plastic zone area difference threshold value, establishes an equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes for equivalently substituting one large-diameter drill hole with optimal pressure relief parameters, sequentially carries out pressure relief simulation on the large-diameter drill holes with the N small-diameter drill holes for equivalently substituting the optimal pressure relief parameters in numerical simulation software FLAC3D according to the ascending sequence of the number of the small-diameter drill holes, stops the simulation test when the pressure relief effect of the large-diameter drill holes with the N small-diameter drill holes for equivalently substituting the optimal pressure relief parameters is realized, selects the fewest number of the drill holes when the pressure relief effect of the small-diameter drill holes for equivalently substituting the pressure relief effect of the large-diameter drill holes is ensured, reduces the operation time, reduces the operation risk and.
In conclusion, the large-diameter drilling parameters are optimized according to actual conditions of a mine, the small-diameter drilling holes with equivalent areas are used for equivalently replacing the large-diameter drilling holes, serious damage to the stability of a coal body due to the fact that the diameter of the large-diameter drilling holes is too large is effectively avoided, underground special drilling equipment is avoided, the fact that the special drilling equipment cannot drill in a limited space of a roadway is avoided, the transportation difficulty of the equipment is reduced, construction is convenient and rapid, required equipment is simple, manual work is reduced, and popularization and use are facilitated.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram of the invention for drilling holes on both sides of a mine coal face and a roadway.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a large diameter borehole according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of two small-diameter drill holes in the embodiment equivalent to a large-diameter drill hole.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the three small-diameter drill holes in the embodiment in place of the large-diameter drill hole.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of four small-diameter drill holes in the embodiment in place of a large-diameter drill hole.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of five small-diameter drill holes in the embodiment equivalent to a large-diameter drill hole.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a method flow of the method of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-coal face; 2-coal pillar; 3, laneway;
4, drilling a hole with a large diameter; 5-coal bed; 6, drilling a peripheral crushing area;
7, drilling a small-diameter hole; and 8, drilling.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 8, the method for pressure relief of a small diameter borehole with an equivalent area of the present invention comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a mine equivalent simulation model: recording stress values and distribution of two sides of a coal face 1 and a roadway 3 after a mine roadway is excavated, recording sizes and distribution areas of plastic zones of the two sides of the coal face 1 and the roadway 3, respectively arranging monitoring points at the bottom and the top of the coal face 1 to monitor deformation of the coal face 1, respectively arranging monitoring points at the bottom and the top of the two sides of the roadway 3 to monitor deformation of the roadway 3, and establishing a mine equivalent simulation model through numerical simulation software FLAC 3D;
step two, obtaining the pressure relief parameter range of the large-diameter drill hole, wherein the process is as follows:
step 201, calculating the radius alpha of the large-diameter drill hole 4 according to a formula alpha-omega l, wherein l is the height of the coal pillar 2 in the mine, omega is a proportionality coefficient, and the value range of omega is 0.05-0.10;
step 202, determining the hole depth range of the large-diameter drill hole 4 according to the drilling position of the large-diameter drill hole 4, wherein when the large-diameter drill hole 4 is drilled on the coal face 1, the hole depth of the large-diameter drill hole 4 is 1-3 times of the mining height; when the large-diameter drill holes 4 are formed in the two sides of the roadway 3, the hole depth of the large-diameter drill holes 4 is 3-4 times of the mining height;
step 203, according to the formula
Calculating the radius R of a drilling hole peripheral crushing area 6 of the large-diameter drilling hole 4, wherein S is the hole wall loosening coefficient of the coal face 1 and the tunnel 3, and K is the drilling cutting quantity coefficient
Q1Drilling a large diameter bore hole 4 for drilling at a high stress zone of an actual mine2Drilling the drilling cuttings of a large-diameter drill hole 4 at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine;
the row spacing between two adjacent large-diameter drill holes 4 is larger than the radius R of the crushing area 6 at the periphery of the drill hole of the large-diameter drill hole 4, and the radius, the hole depth and the row spacing of the large-diameter drill holes 4 form pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill holes 4;
in this embodiment, in step 203
Wherein I is the total number of the large-diameter drill holes 4 drilled at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine, I is the number of the large-diameter drill holes 4 drilled at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine, and Q2iThe drilling cuttings quantity of the ith large-diameter drill hole 4 is drilled at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine.
It should be noted that the large-diameter drill hole is characterized in that a loose area crushing area is formed at the periphery of the drill hole after the drill hole is damaged by stress, the crushing area can absorb certain stress and energy, the stress concentration in a coal body is reduced, the possibility of rock burst is reduced, a mine equivalent simulation model is established through numerical simulation software FLAC3D, the diameter of the large-diameter drill hole 4 is determined according to the height of a coal pillar 2 of an actual mine coal bed 5, the hole depth of the large-diameter drill hole 4 is determined according to the opening position and the mining height of the large-diameter drill hole 4, the radius of the drill hole peripheral crushing area 6 of the large-diameter drill hole 4 is calculated, so that the row spacing between two adjacent large-diameter drill holes 4 is determined, a data basis is provided for equivalently replacing the large-diameter drill hole 4 with the small-diameter drill hole 7, the diameter, the hole depth and the row spacing of the large-diameter drill hole 4 are respectively used as three factors, and an L9(3^4) orthogonal experiment table is selected, the use effect is good; the drilling equipment of utilizing the actual mine bores the minor diameter drilling that establishes the substitution major diameter drilling that satisfies the demands, can avoid major diameter drilling because of a great deal of difficult problem that equipment caused in the work progress, if transportation and main equipment can't get into the limited tunnel in space, minor diameter drilling flexibility is higher, construction convenience, quick, and required equipment is simple, reduces artifical work.
In practical operation, the drilling cuttings quantity Q of a large-diameter drill hole 4 at the position of the normal stress area of the practical mine is obtained2Can pass through the mineDrilling I large-diameter drill holes 4 at the normal stress area position, preferably taking I as 5, and taking the average value of the drilling cuttings amount of the large-diameter drill holes 4 under 5 normal pressures as the drilling cuttings amount Q of one large-diameter drill hole 4 at the normal stress area position of an actual mine2。
Step three, optimizing pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill hole: selecting three different omega values according to the omega value range, and further calculating to obtain the diameters of three different large-diameter drill holes 4; selecting three mining height multiples to obtain the hole depths of three different large-diameter drill holes 4; acquiring the row spacing of three different large-diameter drill holes 4 according to the diameters of the three different large-diameter drill holes 4, respectively taking the diameters of the three selected large-diameter drill holes 4, the hole depths of the three large-diameter drill holes 4 and the row spacing of the three large-diameter drill holes 4 as three factors, and selecting an L9(3^4) orthogonal experiment table to optimize the pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill holes 4 through orthogonal experiments;
obtaining nine groups of test data according to nine test schemes designed by orthogonal tests, and analyzing the nine groups of test data by a range analysis method to obtain the optimal pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill hole, wherein the test data comprises stress distribution, a stress reduction proportion, roadway displacement deformation, plastic zone distribution and area size;
step four, equivalently replacing the large-diameter drilling hole with the small-diameter drilling hole, wherein the process is as follows:
step 401, setting a stress reduction proportion difference threshold, a roadway displacement deformation difference threshold and a plastic zone area difference threshold;
402, establishing an equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes 7 for equivalently substituting one large-diameter drill hole 4 with optimal pressure relief parameters, wherein N is a positive integer not less than 2, and when N is greater than 2, the N small-diameter drill holes 7 are arranged in a non-single-row centrosymmetric form;
step 403, sequentially carrying out pressure relief simulation on the large-diameter drill holes 4 with N small-diameter drill holes 7 equivalent replacing the optimal pressure relief parameters in numerical simulation software FLAC3D according to the ascending sequence of the number of the small-diameter drill holes 7, when the difference between the stress reduction proportion data in the pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes 7 and the stress reduction proportion data of the large-diameter drill holes 4 with the optimal pressure relief parameters is not larger than a preset stress reduction proportion difference threshold value, the difference between the roadway displacement deformation amount in the pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes 7 and the roadway displacement deformation amount of the large-diameter drill holes 4 with the optimal pressure relief parameters is not larger than a preset roadway displacement deformation amount difference threshold value, and the difference between the plastic zone area in the pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes 7 and the plastic zone area of the large-diameter drill holes 4 with the optimal pressure relief parameters is, after the simulation test is finished, obtaining an equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes 7 which equivalently substitute for the large-diameter drill hole 4 with an optimal pressure relief parameter;
as shown in fig. 3 to 7, it should be noted that strong and dangerous dynamic phenomena such as drilling impact and the like are easy to occur during the drilling process when the diameter of the drill hole 8 exceeds 250mm, meanwhile, the difficulty of drilling is improved, the risk of hole collapse is increased, the drilling efficiency is greatly reduced, by setting a stress reduction proportion difference threshold value, a roadway displacement deformation difference threshold value and a plastic zone area difference threshold value and establishing an equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes 7 for equivalently substituting one large-diameter drill hole 4 with optimal pressure relief parameters, sequentially carrying out pressure relief simulation on the large-diameter drill holes 4 with N small-diameter drill holes 7 equivalent to substitute the optimal pressure relief parameters according to the increasing sequence of the number of the small-diameter drill holes 7 in numerical simulation software FLAC3D, when the 2 small-diameter drill holes 7 equivalently replace the pressure relief effect of the large-diameter drill hole 4 with the optimal pressure relief parameter, stopping the simulation test; when the pressure relief effect of the large-diameter drill hole 4 equivalent-replacing an optimal pressure relief parameter cannot be achieved by the 2 small-diameter drill holes 7, the 3 small-diameter drill holes 7 are selected to equivalently replace the large-diameter drill hole 4 equivalent-replacing the optimal pressure relief parameter, the simulation test is stopped when the 3 small-diameter drill holes 7 equivalently replace the pressure relief effect of the large-diameter drill hole 4 equivalent-replacing the optimal pressure relief parameter, and so on, because the underground environment is severe, the construction difficulty is large, the construction risk is high, the small-diameter drill holes 7 are drilled as few as possible, when the pressure relief effect equivalent-replacing the large-diameter drill hole by the small-diameter drill hole is ensured, the minimum number of the drill holes is selected, the operation time is shortened.
In this embodiment, the value range of N is 2 or more and 5 or less.
In this embodiment, in step 403, when the difference between the stress reduction ratio data in the pressure relief simulation test data of the 5 small-diameter drill holes 7 and the stress reduction ratio data of the large-diameter drill hole 4 with the optimal pressure relief parameter is greater than the preset stress reduction ratio difference threshold, the difference between the roadway displacement deformation amount in the pressure relief simulation test data of the 5 small-diameter drill holes 7 and the roadway displacement deformation amount of the large-diameter drill hole 4 with the optimal pressure relief parameter is greater than the preset roadway displacement deformation difference threshold, the difference between the plastic zone area in the pressure relief simulation test data of the 5 small-diameter drill holes 7 and the plastic zone area of the large-diameter drill hole 4 with the optimal pressure relief parameter is greater than the preset plastic zone area difference threshold, the simulation test is ended, and 5 small diameter bores 7 as equivalent replacement arrangements for the large diameter bores 4 for an optimum pressure relief parameter.
It should be noted that when the small-diameter drill hole 7 equivalently replaces the pressure relief effect of the large-diameter drill hole 4 with an optimal pressure relief parameter, the more the number of the drill holes, the better the replacement effect, but the underground environment is severe, the construction difficulty is large, the construction risk is high, and the maximum number of the 5 drill holes is considered in the small-diameter drill hole 7.
Step five, pressure relief of the small-diameter drill hole: and (3) carrying out drilling pressure relief on high stress areas on two sides of the coal face 1 and the roadway 3 in the actual mine according to the obtained equivalent substitution arrangement form of the N small-diameter drill holes 7 for equivalently substituting the large-diameter drill hole 4 with an optimal pressure relief parameter, the hole depth of the small-diameter drill holes 7 and the row spacing of the equivalent drill holes.
When the large-diameter drilling equipment is used, parameters of the large-diameter drilling hole are optimized according to actual conditions of a mine, the large-diameter drilling hole is equivalently replaced by the small-diameter drilling hole under the equivalent area, the serious damage to the stability of a coal body caused by the overlarge aperture of the large-diameter drilling hole is effectively avoided, the underground special drilling equipment is avoided, meanwhile, the special drilling equipment cannot drill in the limited space of a roadway, the transportation difficulty of the equipment is reduced, the construction is convenient and rapid, the required equipment is simple, and the manual labor is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for relieving pressure of a small-diameter drill hole with an equivalent area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a mine equivalent simulation model: recording stress values and distribution of two sides of a coal face (1) and a roadway (3) after a mine roadway is excavated, recording sizes and distribution areas of plastic zones of the two sides of the coal face (1) and the roadway (3), respectively arranging monitoring points at the bottom and the top of the coal face (1) to monitor deformation of the coal face (1), respectively arranging monitoring points at the bottom and the top of the two sides of the roadway (3) to monitor deformation of the roadway (3), and establishing a mine equivalent simulation model through numerical simulation software FLAC 3D;
drilling holes (8) are formed in two sides of a coal face (1) and a roadway (3) of the mine equivalent simulation model, wherein the drilling holes (8) comprise a single-hole large-diameter drilling hole (4) and a plurality of small-diameter drilling holes (7) which are smaller than the radius of the large-diameter drilling hole (4) and are used for equivalent large-diameter drilling holes (4);
step two, obtaining the pressure relief parameter range of the large-diameter drill hole, wherein the process is as follows:
step 201, calculating the radius alpha of the large-diameter drill hole (4) according to a formula alpha-omega l, wherein l is the height of a coal pillar (2) in a mine, omega is a proportionality coefficient, and the value range of omega is 0.05-0.10;
step 202, determining the hole depth range of the large-diameter drill hole (4) according to the drilling position of the large-diameter drill hole (4), wherein when the large-diameter drill hole (4) is drilled on the coal face (1), the hole depth of the large-diameter drill hole (4) is 1-3 times of the mining height; when the large-diameter drill holes (4) are formed in the two sides of the roadway (3), the hole depth of the large-diameter drill holes (4) is 3-4 times of the mining height;
step 203, according to the formula
Calculating the radius R of a drill hole peripheral crushing area (6) of the large-diameter drill hole (4), wherein S is the hole wall loosening coefficient of the coal face (1) and the tunnel (3), and K isThe drilling cuttings quantity coefficient is
Q1The drilling quantity Q of a large-diameter drill hole (4) is drilled at the position of the high stress area of the actual mine2Drilling the drilling cuttings quantity of a large-diameter drill hole (4) at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine;
the row spacing between two adjacent large-diameter drill holes (4) is larger than the radius R of the crushing area (6) at the periphery of the drill hole of the large-diameter drill hole (4), and the radius, the hole depth and the row spacing of the large-diameter drill holes (4) form pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill holes (4);
step three, optimizing pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill hole: selecting three different omega values according to the omega value range, and further calculating to obtain the diameters of three different large-diameter drill holes (4); selecting three mining height multiples to obtain the hole depths of three different large-diameter drill holes (4); acquiring the row spacing of three different large-diameter drill holes (4) according to the diameters of the three different large-diameter drill holes (4), respectively taking the diameters of the three selected large-diameter drill holes (4), the hole depths of the three large-diameter drill holes (4) and the row spacing of the three large-diameter drill holes (4) as three factors, and selecting an L9(3^4) orthogonal experiment table to optimize the pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill holes (4) through orthogonal experiments;
obtaining nine groups of test data according to nine test schemes designed by orthogonal tests, and analyzing the nine groups of test data by a range analysis method to obtain the optimal pressure relief parameters of the large-diameter drill hole, wherein the test data comprises stress distribution, a stress reduction proportion, roadway displacement deformation, plastic zone distribution and area size;
step four, equivalently replacing the large-diameter drilling hole with the small-diameter drilling hole, wherein the process is as follows:
step 401, setting a stress reduction proportion difference threshold, a roadway displacement deformation difference threshold and a plastic zone area difference threshold;
402, establishing an equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes (7) for equivalently substituting one large-diameter drill hole (4) with the optimal pressure relief parameter, wherein N is a positive integer not less than 2, and when N is more than 2, the N small-diameter drill holes (7) are arranged in a non-single-row non-single-column centrosymmetric form;
step 403, sequentially carrying out pressure relief simulation on the large-diameter drill holes (4) of which the N small-diameter drill holes (7) equivalently replace the optimal pressure relief parameters in numerical simulation software FLAC3D according to the ascending sequence of the number of the small-diameter drill holes (7), when the difference between stress reduction proportion data in pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes (7) and stress reduction proportion data of the large-diameter drill holes (4) with the optimal pressure relief parameters is not more than a preset stress reduction proportion difference threshold value, the difference between the roadway displacement deformation amount in the pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes (7) and the roadway displacement deformation amount of the large-diameter drill holes (4) with the optimal pressure relief parameters is not more than a preset roadway displacement deformation amount difference threshold value, and the difference between the plastic area in the pressure relief simulation test data of the N small-diameter drill holes (7) and the plastic area of the large-diameter drill holes (4) with the optimal pressure relief parameters is not more than a, after the simulation test is finished, obtaining an equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes (7) which equivalently substitute a large-diameter drill hole (4) with an optimal pressure relief parameter;
step five, pressure relief of the small-diameter drill hole: and (3) according to the obtained equivalent substitution arrangement form of N small-diameter drill holes (7) for equivalently substituting the large-diameter drill hole (4) with an optimal pressure relief parameter, the hole depth of the small-diameter drill hole (7) and the row spacing of the equivalent drill holes, drilling and pressure relief are carried out on high stress areas on two sides of the coal face (1) and the roadway (3) in the actual mine.
2. A method of pressure relief in small diameter boreholes of equivalent area as defined in claim 1 wherein: in step 203
Wherein I is the total number of the large-diameter drill holes (4) drilled at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine, I is the number of the large-diameter drill holes (4) drilled at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine, and Q is the number of the large-diameter drill holes (4) drilled at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine2iDrilling the drill cuttings of the ith large-diameter drill hole (4) at the position of the normal stress area of the actual mine.
3. A method of pressure relief in small diameter boreholes of equivalent area as defined in claim 1 wherein: the value range of N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5.
4. A method of pressure relief in small diameter boreholes of equivalent area as defined in claim 3 wherein: in step 403, when the difference between the stress reduction ratio data in the pressure relief simulation test data of the 5 small-diameter drill holes (7) and the stress reduction ratio data of the large-diameter drill hole (4) with the optimal pressure relief parameter is greater than a preset stress reduction ratio difference threshold, the difference between the roadway displacement deformation amount in the pressure relief simulation test data of the 5 small-diameter drill holes (7) and the roadway displacement deformation amount of the large-diameter drill hole (4) with the optimal pressure relief parameter is greater than a preset roadway displacement deformation amount difference threshold, the difference between the plastic zone area in the pressure relief simulation test data of the 5 small-diameter drill holes (7) and the plastic zone area of the large-diameter drill hole (4) with the optimal pressure relief parameter is greater than a preset plastic zone area difference threshold, the simulation test is finished, and the arrangement of 5 small diameter drill holes (7) is used as an equivalent alternative arrangement for equivalently replacing a large diameter drill hole (4) with an optimal pressure relief parameter.
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