CN110497322A - A kind of body section weld seam derusting device - Google Patents
A kind of body section weld seam derusting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110497322A CN110497322A CN201910808992.3A CN201910808992A CN110497322A CN 110497322 A CN110497322 A CN 110497322A CN 201910808992 A CN201910808992 A CN 201910808992A CN 110497322 A CN110497322 A CN 110497322A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- connector
- weld seam
- receiving unit
- collision body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
- B24C1/086—Descaling; Removing coating films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
- B24C9/006—Treatment of used abrasive material
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of body section weld seam derusting devices, including host and working cover, the working cover includes the cavity equipped with an opening, the opening direction weld seam to be derusted of the cavity, the cavity is equipped with the first connector and the second connector of connection cavity, the host includes output section and receiving unit, the output section is connected to the first connector by first pipe, high pressure gas for being blended with collision body is delivered in cavity and is sprayed at weld seam to be derusted, the receiving unit is connected to the second connector by second pipe, for recycling collision body and the iron rust that falls and being transported in receiving unit；Pass through output-absorption closed loop configuration, derusting-absorption process is docked, collision body hits the iron rust of attachment in welded joints, de- fall behind in cavity of iron rust vibration is directly entered receiving unit with air-flow, without being discharged outside cavity, entire derusting and removal process are isolated from the outside, to solve the problems, such as that traditional derusting mode generates a large amount of dust.
Description
Technical field
This application involves shipbuilding field, specifically a kind of body section weld seam derusting device.
Background technique
In shipbuilding, according to Ship Structure feature, shipbuilding condition and construction process requirement is built, hull is closed
Reason is divided into several Ship Structure sections for forming independent assembly unit, then forms entire ship to each block assembly, welding
Body structure；Segmented welding derusting operation during hull construction is extremely important, is the important content of hull painting operation, only
There is derusting just to can guarantee the quality of subsequent vessels coating completely.
Inventors have found that the segmentation weld seam derusting operation of majority shipyard relies primarily on worker by hand to complete at present, construct
Personnel are derusted using weld seam of the con-ventional handheld dedusting grinding wheel to body section, carry out painting operation again later, but
During this, using hand-held dedusting grinding wheel, not only working efficiency is low, but also can generate a large amount of iron rust and respirable dust, it is difficult to
The demand for reaching environmental protection derusting, but will seriously endanger the health of worker.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the application is in view of the defects existing in the prior art, to provide a kind of body section weld seam derusting device, is led to
The rusty part using high pressure draught driving collision body vibration commissure is crossed, so that iron rust vibration is fallen off, and in the work of recovery channel
Enter receiving unit jointly with collision body under to be kept in, derusting work surface is coated in working cover, the powder under airflow function
Dirt, iron rust and collision body will not leak into other than working cover, to realize the environmental protection derusting of smoke dust and iron rust discharge.
The application to achieve the goals above, adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of body section weld seam derusting device, including host and working cover, the working cover include being equipped with an opening
Cavity, towards weld seam to be derusted, the first connector and second that the cavity is equipped with connection cavity is connect for the opening of the cavity
Head, the host include output section and receiving unit, and the output section is connected to the first connector by first pipe, for being blended with
The high pressure gas of collision body is delivered in cavity and is sprayed on weld seam to be derusted, and the receiving unit is connected to by second pipe
Second connector, for recycling collision body and the iron rust that falls and being transported in receiving unit.
Further, nozzle is equipped in the cavity, described nozzle one end is connected to the first connector, and the other end is used for first
The high pressure gas discharge for being mixed with collision body of pipeline；
Preferably, nozzle is equipped with curved opening far from one end of the first connector；For keeping the air-flow covering of output bigger
Area.
Further, the bottom surface of the working cover face cavities open is equipped with ball hinge, and first connector passes through
Flexural pivot and ball hinge are fitted on working cover, and the spray head can be towards any bit of opening under the action of flexural pivot
It sets；
Preferably, rubber pad is equipped at the cavities open of the working cover, for being bonded weld seam to be derusted.
Further, second connector is mounted on the side of working cover, the part of the cavity and the second fittings
Tapered channel is formed, sectional area of the tapered channel close to one end of cavity is greater than the sectional area close to second connector one end；It is preferred that
, the second connector is mounted on working cover lateral diameters maximum, so that tapered channel is kept straight down in descaling process,
Steel ball and iron rust can be easier to fall into tapered channel under the effect of gravity.
Further, the output section includes output cavity, and output cavity is also communicated with third connector, for accessing external gas
Source accommodates collision body in output cavity, and the collision body exports under the action of external air source with air-flow.
Further, the receiving unit includes receiving cavity, and receptive cavity is communicated with the 4th connector, for accessing external negative pressure
Source, second pipe are connected to receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity Receiving collision body and iron rust and is kept under the action of external negative pressure source.
Further, sieve is additionally provided in the receiving cavity, the sieve is isolated by the 4th connector with second pipe, collision
Body is isolated in side of the sieve far from the 4th connector.
Further, the vibrating mechanism of connection sieve is equipped in the receiving cavity, the vibrating mechanism drives sieve vibration
Accelerate the separation of collision body and iron rust.
Further, it is equipped with recovery approach between the receiving unit and output section, is combined with baffle in recovery approach, works as gear
When plate is opened, the collision body in receiving unit is entered in output section by recovery approach, when flapper closure, receiving unit and output section
It is mutually isolated.
Further, the receiving unit and output section are respectively equipped with a sealing cover, and opening sealing cover can be to receiving unit
With overhauled and dredged inside output section.
Compared with prior art, the application has the advantages and positive effects of:
(1) by output-absorption closed loop configuration, derusting-absorption process is docked, the collision body after output is in gas
The iron rust of attachment in welded joints is hit under the action of stream, de- fall behind in cavity of iron rust vibration is directly entered receiving unit with air-flow,
Without being discharged outside cavity, entire derusting and removal process are isolated from the outside, and generate largely to solve traditional derusting mode
The problem of dust；
(2) flexural pivot is cooperated by setting nozzle, the direction of nozzle can be adjusted, to focus on to certain emphasis positions
Derusting influences in the cavity of working cover in addition, the air-flow coverage area that the opening of cooperation arc can be such that nozzle exports expands
Bigger region derusts in advance to the unlapped position of local collision body, improves the efficiency of air flow cleaning；
(3) using tapered channel can effectively improve second channel receive iron rust and collision body coverage area, by by
It tapers the channel of contracting to assemble collision body and iron rust, improves recovery efficiency, the iron rust for avoiding air-flow entrainment from falling is from open edge
It overflows；
(4) vibrating mechanism is cooperated by sieve, the ability of the screen to filtrate collision body can be effectively improved, removed in high velocity impact
During rust, part iron rust can be attached on collision body, to be difficult to fall off, if directly recycling, not only will lead to
The iron rust of entrainment re-enters into working cover, increases derusting intensity, can also cause the decline of collision body jolt capacity, thus nothing
Method reaches good derusting effect.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the embodiment of the present application 1；
Fig. 2 is the sieve of the embodiment of the present application 1 and the cooperation schematic diagram of receiving cavity.
Wherein: 1, host, 2, working cover, 3, first pipe, 4, second pipe, the 5, first connector, the 6, second connector, 7, spray
Mouth, 8, cavity, 9, receiving cavity, 10, output cavity, 11, sealing cover, 12, recovery approach, the 13, the 4th connector, 14, third connector,
15, sieve, 16, vibrating mechanism.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination；
In order to facilitate narration, if there is "upper", "lower", " left side " " right side " printed words in the application, only indicate and attached drawing itself
Upper and lower, left and right direction it is consistent, not to structure rise restriction effect, it is only for convenient for description the present invention and simplification retouch
It states, rather than the equipment of indication or suggestion meaning or element must have a particular orientation, and be constructed and operated in a specific orientation,
Therefore it should not be understood as the limitation to the application.
Term explains part: the terms such as term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " in the application should do broad sense
Understand, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrated；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to
Electrical connection, can be and be directly connected to, and be also possible to indirectly connected through an intermediary, can be connection inside two elements, or
The interaction relationship of two elements of person, for the ordinary skill in the art, can understand as the case may be on
Term is stated in concrete meaning of the invention.
As described in background technique, prior art construction personnel is using con-ventional handheld dedusting grinding wheel to hull point
The weld seam of section derusts, and carries out painting operation again later, but in the process, is not only worked effect using hand-held dedusting grinding wheel
Rate is low, and can generate a large amount of iron rust and respirable dust, it is difficult to which the demand for reaching environmental protection derusting but will seriously endanger worker
Health, in view of the above technical problems, present applicant proposes a kind of body section weld seam derusting devices.
Embodiment 1
In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, as Figure 1-Figure 2, propose a kind of for body section weld seam
Locate the removal device of iron rust.
Including host 1 and working cover 2, the working cover includes the cavity 8 equipped with an opening, the opening court of the cavity
To the weld seam with derusting, the cavity is equipped with the first connector 5 of connection cavity and the second connector 6, the host include output section
And receiving unit, the output section are connected to the first connector by first pipe 3, the output section is blended with the high pressure gas of collision body
Body is delivered in cavity and is sprayed on weld seam to be derusted, the iron rust of commissure be collided body impact it is de- from commissure
From the receiving unit is connected to the second connector by second pipe 4, and receiving unit is used for the iron rust for recycling collision body and falling.
The working cover is an alms bowl shape structure in the present embodiment, has a biggish internal cavities, is open small
In the maximum gauge of cavity, to can preferably be entered in the second connector, and then be output to when air-flow is blown in cavity
It is recycled in receiving unit.
The high pressure draught is mixed with collision body, and the collision body is spherical structure, in the present embodiment, using steel
Ball, it is of course also possible to use other firm spheres, such as aluminium alloy ball, as long as can be under the action of air-flow to commissure
Iron rust apply suitable impact force, and it is non-breakable after hitting, in order to guarantee the derusting effect of collision body, be convenient to clean
Recycling after iron rust, cannot be using with magnetic material.
Further, it is equipped with nozzle 7 in the cavity, described nozzle one end is connected to the first connector, and the other end is used for the
The high pressure gas discharge for being mixed with collision body of one pipeline；Nozzle is equipped with curved opening far from one end of the first connector；With
In the area for keeping the air-flow covering of output bigger；
Preferably, the bottom surface of the working cover face cavities open is equipped with ball hinge, and first connector passes through ball
Hinge is fitted on working cover with ball hinge, and the spray head can be towards any bit of opening under the action of flexural pivot
It sets.
Cooperate flexural pivot by setting nozzle, the direction of nozzle can be adjusted, all positions corresponding to opening can be covered
It covers, and can be derusted emphatically to certain emphasis positions, in addition, the gas that the opening of cooperation arc can be such that nozzle exports
It flows coverage area to expand, bigger region is influenced in the cavity of working cover, the unlapped position of local collision body is carried out pre-
It first derusts, improves the efficiency of air flow cleaning；
It is, of course, understood that can also be defeated in such a way that other adjust nozzle direction, such as using multiple spray heads
Out, different spray heads correspond to different location, change whether spray head is connected to, and the direction of the air-flow exported and collision body also may be implemented
Change.
Further, the opening is equipped with rubber ring, the edge placement that the rubber circuit covering is entirely open exists
When body section contact, rubber ring, which is located between opening and hull, is used as sealing device；
Rubber ring flexible can be when there be curvature or out-of-flatness in body section outer surface, can be according to the shape of its outer surface
The change of shape applicability allows hull to be preferably bonded with working cover, is not limited by segmentation curvature, improves device integrally to not
With the adaptability of subsection hull.
Further, second connector is mounted on the side of working cover, the part of the cavity and the second fittings
Tapered channel is formed, sectional area of the tapered channel close to one end of cavity is greater than the sectional area close to second connector one end；It falls after rise
Collision body and iron rust accepted by tapered channel, recycled subsequently into second pipe.
The coverage area that second channel receives iron rust and collision body can be effectively improved using tapered channel, by gradually receiving
Collision body and iron rust are assembled in the channel of contracting, improve the area coverage of recovery air-flow, improve recovery efficiency, and air-flow entrainment is avoided to fall
The iron rust fallen is overflowed from open edge.
The position of second connector and the first connector can be configured, as long as the air-flow for avoiding spray head from blowing out is directly toward cone
Shape channel；In the present embodiment, the position of the first connector and the second connector is vertical, and the second connector working cover outer diameter most
General goal in such descaling process, keeps tapered channel straight down, steel ball and iron rust can be easier to fall into cone under the effect of gravity
Shape channel.It is arranged on bottom surface compared to by the first connector and the second connector, avoids output gas flow and recovery air-flow path
Repetition, the excessively the problem of springing up for being interfered so as to avoid the two, causing air-flow in working cover.
Further, the output section includes output cavity 10, and output cavity is also communicated with third connector 14, for accessing outside
Gas source accommodates collision body in output cavity, and the collision body exports under the action of external air source with air-flow；
The receiving unit includes receiving cavity 9, and receptive cavity is communicated with the 4th connector 13, for accessing external negative pressure source, second
Pipeline is connected to receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity Receiving collision body and iron rust and is kept under the action of external negative pressure source.
By output-absorption closed loop configuration, derusting-absorption process is docked, the collision body after output is in air-flow
Under the action of hit attachment iron rust in welded joints, de- fall behind in cavity of iron rust vibration is directly entered receiving unit with air-flow, and
It will not be discharged outside cavity, entire derusting and removal process are isolated from the outside, so that solving traditional derusting mode generates a large amount of powder
The problem of dirt.
Further, sieve 15 is additionally provided in the receiving cavity, the 4th connector is isolated with second pipe, is touched by the sieve
Collision body is isolated in side of the sieve far from the 4th connector；
Preferably, the vibrating mechanism 16 of connection sieve is equipped in the receiving cavity, the vibrating mechanism drives sieve vibration
Accelerate the separation of collision body and iron rust, the vibrating mechanism can select vibrating motor.
More preferably, as shown in Fig. 2, sieve cooperates, there are four vibrating motors, are located at the position of the four edges of sieve
It sets.This four vibrating motors drive sieve to vibrate up and down, to realize that collision body and iron rust preferably separate；And it is vibrating up and down
In the process, collision body remains at the top of sieve.
Cooperate vibrating mechanism by sieve, the ability of the screen to filtrate collision body can be effectively improved, derusts in high velocity impact
In the process, part iron rust can be attached on collision body, to be difficult to fall off, if directly recycling, not only will lead to entrainment
Iron rust re-enter into working cover, increase derusting intensity, can also cause the decline of collision body jolt capacity, to can not reach
To good derusting effect.
Further, it is equipped with recovery approach 12 between the receiving unit and output section, is combined with baffle in recovery approach, when
When baffle is opened, the collision body in receiving unit is entered in output section by recovery approach, when flapper closure, receiving unit and output
Portion is mutually isolated.
Further, the receiving unit and output section are respectively equipped with a sealing cover 11, and opening sealing cover can be to reception
It is overhauled and is dredged inside portion and output section；In order to preferably operate to device, handle is additionally provided on the working cover
Hand holds the mobile entire working cover of handle convenient for staff, and first pipe and second pipe are all made of the flexible material of quality,
It can be damaged convenient for changing trend and by collision body.
In the following, being described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing to the course of work of the application.
When carrying out the derusting operation of body section weld seam using the device, one hand of construction personnel holds handle, another
Hand holds first connector on the top of flexural pivot, and keeps the second connector downward, keeps the axis of conical pipeline in vertical shape
Working cover is fixed on the required position derusted by state by way of hand-held fixation, and the sealing rubber ring on working cover makes work
Make preferably to be bonded at the cavities open covered with hull；
The external pressure source accessed from output section supplies pressure-air into output cavity, and pressure-air drives in output cavity
Steel-ball collision body is sprayed by nozzle together with high pressure gas, is derusted using steel ball to the high speed impact of iron rust；
The action direction that spray head can be changed by rotation, carries out comprehensive derusting；
The steel ball and iron rust of falling enter receiving cavity along second pipe under the action of gravity and negative pressure gas flow, then by outside
Negative pressure source separates steel ball with the mixture of iron rust by sieve, and the up-down vibration of sieve improves the separation speed of steel ball and iron rust
Degree；
The steel ball of recycling falls into output cavity by recovery approach, with recycling.Iron rust falls into the lower section cavity of sieve, warp
It crosses the 4th connector to be recovered in special iron rust recyclable device, with centralized processing, avoids causing damages to environment and human health.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of body section weld seam derusting device, which is characterized in that including host and working cover, the working cover includes being equipped with
The cavity of one opening, for the opening of the cavity towards weld seam to be derusted, the cavity is equipped with the first connector of connection cavity
With the second connector, the host includes output section and receiving unit, and the output section is connected to the first connector by first pipe, is used for
The high pressure gas for being blended with collision body is delivered in cavity and is sprayed on weld seam to be derusted, and the receiving unit passes through second
Pipeline is connected to the second connector, and the iron rust for recycling collision body and falling simultaneously is transported in receiving unit.
2. body section weld seam derusting device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be equipped with nozzle, institute in the cavity
It states nozzle one end and is connected to the first connector, the high pressure gas for being mixed with collision body that the other end is used to convey first pipe is discharged；
Preferably, nozzle is equipped with curved opening far from one end of the first connector.
3. body section weld seam derusting device as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the working cover face cavities open
Bottom surface be equipped with ball hinge, first connector is fitted on working cover by flexural pivot and ball hinge, the spray
Head can be towards any position of opening under the action of flexural pivot；
Preferably, rubber pad is equipped at the cavities open of the working cover, for being bonded weld seam to be derusted.
4. body section weld seam derusting device as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that second connector is mounted on work
The part of the side of cover, the cavity and the second fittings forms tapered channel, and tapered channel is cut close to one end of cavity
Area is greater than the sectional area close to second connector one end.
5. body section weld seam derusting device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the output section includes output cavity,
Output cavity is also communicated with third connector, for accessing external air source, collision body is accommodated in output cavity, the collision body is in outside
It is exported under the action of gas source with air-flow.
6. body section weld seam derusting device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the receiving unit includes receiving cavity,
Receptive cavity is communicated with the 4th connector, and for accessing external negative pressure source, second pipe is connected to receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity is negative in outside
It Receiving collision body and iron rust and is kept under the action of potential source.
7. body section weld seam derusting device as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that be additionally provided with sieve in the receiving cavity
The 4th connector is isolated with second pipe for net, the sieve, and collision body is isolated in side of the sieve far from the 4th connector.
8. body section weld seam derusting device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that be equipped with connection sieve in the receiving cavity
The vibrating mechanism of net, the vibrating mechanism drive the separation of sieve vibration acceleration collision body and iron rust.
9. such as the described in any item body section weld seam derusting devices of claim 1-8, which is characterized in that the receiving unit with it is defeated
Recovery approach is equipped between portion out, is combined with baffle in recovery approach, when the flaps are opened, the collision body in receiving unit passes through back
It receives channel to enter in output section, when flapper closure, receiving unit is mutually isolated with output section.
10. body section weld seam derusting device as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the receiving unit and output par, c
Not She You a sealing cover, opening sealing cover can be to being overhauled and is dredged inside receiving unit and output section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910808992.3A CN110497322A (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | A kind of body section weld seam derusting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910808992.3A CN110497322A (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | A kind of body section weld seam derusting device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110497322A true CN110497322A (en) | 2019-11-26 |
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ID=68590377
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910808992.3A Pending CN110497322A (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | A kind of body section weld seam derusting device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN110497322A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110900461A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-24 | 济南轨道交通集团有限公司 | Railway track rust removal device and method |
| CN112388516A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-23 | 浙江海洋大学 | Pipeline rust cleaning device for marine drilling platform |
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| CN107584424A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-16 | 上海交通大学 | Surface derusting system for ship hull plate |
| AT519621A2 (en) * | 2017-02-04 | 2018-08-15 | systeco GmbH | Device for processing, in particular cleaning, abrasive removal, engraving or removal of coatings, graffiti or other superficial contamination on parts, workpieces or surfaces |
| CN109466723A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-03-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of climbing robot for marine surface cleaning derusting |
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| CN1090806A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-17 | 卡尔·海因茨·金斯 | The sanding machine nozzle that is used for the plane dust-free blasting |
| JP2012135852A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Dustproof device for abrasive blasting |
| CN107584424A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-16 | 上海交通大学 | Surface derusting system for ship hull plate |
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| CN110900461A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-24 | 济南轨道交通集团有限公司 | Railway track rust removal device and method |
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| CN112388516A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-23 | 浙江海洋大学 | Pipeline rust cleaning device for marine drilling platform |
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Application publication date: 20191126 |