CN110496852A - A kind of method of cadmium pollution soil repair - Google Patents
A kind of method of cadmium pollution soil repair Download PDFInfo
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- CN110496852A CN110496852A CN201810465151.2A CN201810465151A CN110496852A CN 110496852 A CN110496852 A CN 110496852A CN 201810465151 A CN201810465151 A CN 201810465151A CN 110496852 A CN110496852 A CN 110496852A
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- cadmium
- soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The present invention relates to the environment remediation technologies of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil, specifically a kind of method for repairing cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil using low cadmium-accumulation type medicinal plant sweet basil, it is the rejection mechanism using low cadmium-accumulation medicinal plant sweet basil, the method kept the safety in production in slight cadmium pollution soil.The method includes the following steps: 1) to plant sweet basil respectively in, in low concentration cadmium pollution soil using sowing plantation or earth culture nursery-sprigging method；2) greenhouse production is used in sweet basil growth course, ventilation watering, soil moisture content are maintained at the 65-75% of field capacity daily；3) when sweet basil is to florescence maturation, its entirety is removed from soil, stem and leaf part can be medicinal, root centralized processing.The present invention repairs Cd contaminated soil using low cadmium-accumulation type medicinal plant, and strong operability, expense is low, and project amount is small；Sweet basil in soil, the Cadmium Pollutants On The Chinese of low concentration have stronger endurance, cultivation management be easy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the environment remediation technologies of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil, specifically a kind of to utilize low cadmium-accumulation type medicine
The method for repairing cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil with plant sweet basil, it is the rejection mechanism using low cadmium-accumulation medicinal plant sweet basil, In
The method kept the safety in production in slight cadmium pollution soil.
Background technique
In recent years, due to mining smelt, sewage irrigation, the use of plastic film, pesticide and chemical fertilizer application, vehicle exhaust
And the continuous discharge of house refuse, solid waste processing are not good at, the aggravation of agriculture self-pollution, so that in global agricultural land soil
Toxic heavy metal content thereby results in soil productivity decline, medicinal plant pollution and ecological environment destruction etc. in sharply increasing
Serious environmental problems, oneself becomes one of the main reason for hindering lasting Chinese medicine production, high-efficient development (document 1: Zhao Lianhua, Yang Yin
Intelligent, Hu Yichen waits heavy metal pollution state analysis and countermeasure [J] Chinese herbal medicine in the China Chinese medicine, 2014,45 (9):
1199-1206；Document 2:Mohammad, R., Reza, F., Mojib, S.B..Effects of heavy metals on the
medicinal plant[J].International Journal of Agronomy and Plant
Production.2012.3(4):154–158；Document 3:O.Awodele, T.D.Popoola, K.C.Amadi,
H.A.B.Coker,A.Akintonwa.Traditional medicinal plants in Nigeria—Remedies or
risks[J].Journal ofEthnopharmacology.2013.150:614-618.)。
Heavy metal-polluted soil is due to chronicity, invisible, irreversibility and the spy that cannot be decomposed or disappear completely
Point will have a direct impact on soil property, water quality condition, plant growth and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicinal.
Heavy metal cadmium is not metallic element necessary to plant growth and development, and cannot be degraded by microorganisms, in the soil
Mobility is big, toxicity is high, is one of vertical distribution of greatest concern.China's Cadmium Pollution in Soils situation is very severe, money
Material shows that the heavy metal pollution farmland in current China is more than 2,000 ten thousand hm2, the 1/5 of the total cultivated area Zhan Quanguo, wherein cadmium pollution
1.33 ten thousand hm of area2, it is related to 11 provinces, 25 area (document 4:Li P J, Wang X, Allinson G, et al.Risk
assessment of heavy metals in soil previously irrigated with industrial
wastewater in Shenyang,China[J],Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161,(1):
516-521.)。
And cadmium is exceeded, not only causes damages to medicinal plant, but also seriously endangers human health.Heavy metal in environment can
To enter in crop and human body by all means and be enriched with, lead to slow poisoning, make one to generate dizziness, anaemia, amentia,
The symptoms such as metabolic disorder, and have carcinogenesis (document 5:Orisakwe, O.S., Nduka, J.K., Amadi, C.N., Dike,
D.O.,Bede,O..Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via
consumption of food crops and fruits in Owerri,South Eastern Nigeria[J]
.Chemistry Central Journal.2012.6,77.).The pollution of China's heavy metal is especially serious, and searching is effectively controlled
Reason method, which has become, to be solved the problems, such as.
In order to reduce harm of the heavy metal in soil pollution to human health, two methods, which are usually taken, reduces its pollution:
First, administer heavy metal pollution of soil using the restorative procedure of physics and chemistry, but that there are technical difficulty is big, it is high to spend,
Project amount is big and be easy to cause secondary pollution problems.Second, phytoremediation is as a kind of green recovery technique in situ, it has also become
The hot spot of environmental science research, the research of phytoremediation contaminated soil in recent years has significant progress, and is improving
(document 6: Zhou Qixing, Song Yufang etc. are played a very important role in environmental quality.Contaminated soil remediation principle and method.North
Capital: Science Press, 2004).It is easy to operate because it belongs to in-situ immobilization, it is at low cost, it is few to environmental perturbation, and plant is covered
Lid effect, transpiration and root system can reduce pollutant to the fixed function of soil and migrate to atmosphere, soil and water body, therefore nearly ten
The year existing preferably development of phytoremediation technology, but since its repairing efficiency is long, the biomass of hyperaccumulative plant is small, introduces a fine variety difficulty etc.
Limitation, makes it be difficult to practical popularization.
In recent years, agronomic measures are taken, heavy metal-polluted soil validity is reduced and reduce existing cultivar to heavy metal
It absorbs, or is breeding low heavy metal accumulation kind the absorption and accumulation that reduce crop to heavy metal, eaten to reduce the mankind
The toxic heavy metal content of grain is widely considered to be approach (document 7:Chen F, the Dong J, Wang of practicable by home and abroad
F,Wu F B,Zhang G P,Li G M,Chen Z F,Chen J X,Wei K.Identification of barley
genotypes with low grain Cd accumulation and its interaction with four
microelements[J],Chemosphere,2007,67:2082-2088；Document 8:Shi J, Li L, Pan
G.Variation of grain Cd and Zn concentrations of 110hybrid rice cultivars
grown in a low-Cd paddy soil[J],Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21(2):
168-172.).Low-accumulation plants refer to can on heavy-metal contaminated soil normal growth, and the plant can limit heavy metal
In the absorption and enrichment of its overground part, so as to reduce heavy metal to the risk of the mankind.Low-accumulation plants can be used for plant
Stablize restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal because its can in contaminated soil normal growth, can be to contaminated soil using its root system
Stabilization is played, while low-accumulation plants itself can limit transfer of the heavy metal to its overground part, it also can be to medicinal plant
It plays a protective role, this provides a new method for the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil, is also the safety in production of medicinal plant
Provide guarantee (document 9:Liu WT, Zhou QX, Sun YB, Liu R.Identification of Chinese
cabbage genotypes with low cadmium accumulation for food safety[J],
Environmental Pollution,2009,157:1961–1967.)。
Report in phytoremediation using low accumulation medicinal plant rehabilitating soil is also less, and medicinal plant itself is also simultaneous
Has ornamental function, reparation has the advantages that uniqueness: while as carried out soil remediation, can beautify the environment；The mankind are in long-term life
It produces in practice and has accumulated the technologies such as breed breeding, cultivation and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control abundant, meanwhile, the sieve of low accumulation medicinal plant
Choosing and cultivating process are simple and easy, no ecological risk, and the crop screened can directly promote the use of in locality, in harvest,
The root system of medicinal plant is properly disposed, and can achieve the purpose that repairing polluted soil, realizes " repairing in production "
Target.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to analyze in view of the above technology and there are problem, provide a kind of medicinal using low cadmium-accumulation type
The method that plant sweet basil [Ocimum basilicum] repairs cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil, this method economy do not generate two to environment
Secondary pollution；It is suitable for large area Engineering operation using medicinal plant kind, management is simple, can beautify while can be medicinal again
Environment.
Technical solution of the present invention:
A kind of method of cadmium pollution soil repair, the method is using low cadmium-accumulation type medicinal plant sweet basil to cadmium pollution
Soil is repaired.Low cadmium-accumulation type medicinal plant sweet basil is planted i.e. in cadmium pollution soil, using secretions from plant roots and
The absorption of rhizosphere circle microorganism, degradation realize the cadmium in degradation soil, to realize remove soil in safety in production
Middle excess cadmium, achievees the purpose that rehabilitating soil cadmium pollution, detailed step is as follows:
1) using sowing plantation or earth culture nursery-sprigging method, sweet basil is planted respectively in, low concentration cadmium dirt
It contaminates in soil；
2) greenhouse production is used in sweet basil growth course, ventilation watering, soil moisture content are maintained at field water holding daily
The 65-75% of amount；
3) when sweet basil is to florescence maturation, its entirety is removed from soil, stem and leaf part can be medicinal, and root is concentrated
Processing.
In step 1), the concentration is 0.6-1.0mg kg under the conditions of pH6.5-7.5-1；
In step 2), greenhouse production condition: 25-27 DEG C of temperature, light application time is 10 hours (early 7 when evening 5).
Sweet basil of the present invention belongs to Labiatae basil, originates in central africa torrid areas, now I
Save of state south has cultivation more.Pattern is pink, and leaf can be used as medicine, and nature and flavor are pungent, warm, has inducing sweat and dispelling exogenous evils, expelling wind and removing dampness, and the scattered stasis of blood is stopped
Pain and other effects.For anemofrigid cold, headache, pipe abdomen fullness, indigestion, stomachache, enteritis, diarrhea, treating swelling and pain by traumatic injury, rheumatoid arthrosis
Bitterly；Snake bite, eczema, dermatitis are controlled in external application.In addition, basil oil also have antibacterial, it is antimycotic, inhibit plasmodium the effects of, be
The civil common medicine in Africa.Fragrant odour, pale reddish brown greenery have good repelling effect, and it is fine to see tasting property.Sweet basil is also important perfume (or spice)
Tannin plant, herb can be used for extracting volatile oil, be the important source materials of fragrance and daily cosmetics industry.In fragrant plant
Nutritional ingredient includes various minerals and vitamins needed by human, such as Ca, Mg, Fe, VA and VC.Stem, the Ye Fuhan of sweet basil
Volatile oil, flavonoids and Ingredients Such As Coumarin.
The present invention has the advantage that: the present invention repairs Cd contaminated soil, operability using low cadmium-accumulation type medicinal plant
By force, expense is low, and project amount is small；Sweet basil in soil, the Cadmium Pollutants On The Chinese of low concentration have stronger endurance, cultivation management hold
Easily；When sweet basil grows to maturity period or florescence, harvested sweet basil overground part cadmium content medicinal standard related lower than country is medicinal
The sweet basil will not generate harm to human body, can obtain higher economic benefit by selling the sweet basil；Basil root is collected
Middle processing, fixed reparation process will not only destroy ecological environment of soil, additionally aid improvement because of caused by heavy metal pollution
Soil degradation and productivity decline, restore and improve its bio-diversity.Therefore, low cadmium-accumulation type sweet basil cadmium pollution soil repair
A kind of green recovery technique efficiently, economic, take full advantage of in, low concentration cadmium pollution soil, realize environmental benefit, life
The unification of state benefit and economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overground part of medicinal plant sweet basil and root biomass detection figure under the Cd processing of various concentration.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: low accumulation medicinal plant sweet basil cadmium pollution soil repair is used
Experiment place carries out in Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, school district greenhouse, south, and experiment picks up from the life of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang with soil
State station, the station geographical location are 123 ° 41 ' of east longitude, 41 ° 31 ' of north latitude, belong to temperate zone continental climate semi-moist, annual precipitation 650
~700mm.There is no pollution sources around the experiment station, is the uncontaminated area of heavy metal.Soil types is meadow burozem.Pot experiment soil
Earth picks up from the plot of lying fallow at the station, belongs to cleaning soil, sampling depth 0-20cm.
Referring to national standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995), Cd processing is set as low (T1=1.0mgkg-1)、
In (T2=2.5mg kg-1) 2 concentration and 1 check experiment (CK), totally three processing.It will and mistake air-dried for examination soil natural
After 2mm sieve, according to concentration design and a certain amount of Cd (CdCl2·2.5H2O is added in the form of a solution) it is uniformly mixed, it is packed into modeling
In feed basin (diameter of phi=20cm, the high H=15cm of basin), every basin 2.5kg, balance is after one month, by the sweet basil by sterilization processing
Seed is directly seeded in basin.After a week to germination, according to the size of sweet basil seedling and growing way situation thinning, every basin is last
Final singling is 3 plants, and each processing is repeated 3 times and carries out random alignment.According to water shortage situation in basin, tap water is irregularly poured (in water
Cd is not detected), so that soil moisture content is maintained at 65-75% of field capacity or so.After plant maturation, plant is harvested.
The plant sample of harvest is divided into 2 part of root and overground part, is sufficiently rinsed with tap water to remove and be adhered to plant sample
Soil and dirt on product, are then rinsed again with deionized water, drain moisture, and finish 20min at 105 DEG C, then at 70 DEG C
Under dry to constant weight, and measure its dry weight (DW).Plant sample after drying, using mixed acid HNO3-HClO4(the two volume ratio is
It 1:3) digests, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES, Thermo Electron IRIS
Advantage type, USA) measure wherein Cd content.
Experimental result is as follows: Fig. 1 gives various concentration Cd and handles the lower overground part of sweet basil and the plant dry weight of root.It is real
Test the result shows that, under the processing of different Cd concentration, sweet basil growing state is good, in appearance without any aggrieved phenomenon.With compare
Group is compared, and is 1.0mg kg in Cd concentration-1With 2.5mg kg-1When, the biomass of sweet basil overground part and root has significant liter
Height, especially when the concentration of Cd is 1.0mg kg-1When, plant growing way is more preferable, shows very strong patience, has and repairs Cd Polluted Soil
The potentiality of earth.
Low accumulation characteristic of the sweet basil to Cd under the conditions of 1 potted plant experiment of table
As can be seen from Table 1, the content of Cd increases as Cd adds the raising of concentration in sweet basil overground part and root, and
Root increasing degree is larger.Especially when the concentration of Cd in soil is 2.5mgkg-1When, the content of root Cd is the 165 of control group
Times.As Cd adds the increase of concentration, plant is on a declining curve to the transfer ratio of heavy metal, illustrates that Cd is mainly enriched in plant
Root, show the stronger absorption fixed function to Cd, be allowed to little effect to the photosynthesis effect of overground part and life
It is long, so that plant counterweight metal environment be made to have more patience.In all Cd processing, the concentration coefficient and transfer ratio of Cd is all small
In 1, i.e. overground part Cd content is consistently lower than the Cd content in root and soil, has low accumulation medicinal plant volume feature.Root
According to " medicinal plant and preparation foreign trade green professional standard " (WM/T2-2004) requirement, the maximum allowable content of Cd is 0.3mg
kg-1, according to this standard, when Cd concentration for the treatment of is 1.0mg kg-1When, the Cd content of sweet basil overground part is less than 0.3mg kg-1,
Meet national foreign trade professional standard.And when Cd concentration for the treatment of is 2.5mg kg-1When, sweet basil overground part Cd content is greater than 0.3mg
kg-1It has been more than national standard.Therefore, the concentration that the soil of cultivation sweet basil is chosen in the present invention is 0.6-1.0mg kg-1, preferably
For 1.0mg kg-1。
Can tentatively it be inferred by the above experimental result, when the processing of Cd in soil is 1.0mg kg-1When, sweet basil pollutes table to Cd
Reveal stronger patience, overground part Cd content is lower than national foreign trade professional standard, and the transfer ratio and concentration coefficient of Cd
Respectively less than 1, have the feature of the low accumulation medicinal plant of Cd.The root of sweet basil has extremely strong patience and characteristic of accumulation to Cd,
Overground part, which repels, absorbs Cd, and root is fixed to be absorbed Cd and Cd is prevented to transport to overground part, this enables sweet basil in Cd contaminated soil
Upper safety in production, by planting medicinal plant sweet basil repeatedly, so that it may which the continuous Cd pollutant extracted in soil progressively reaches
Except the purpose of Cd pollution in soils；Meanwhile sweet basil root is dealt carefully with, overground part can be used as safe medicinal plant and use, and reach
To the target repaired when producing.
Embodiment 2: different medicinal plant cadmium pollution soil repairs are used
Experiment place carries out in Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, school district greenhouse, south, and experiment soil is the same as embodiment 1.
Referring to national standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995), Cd processing is set as low (T1=1.0mgkg-1)、
In (T2=2.5mg kg-1) 2 concentration and 1 check experiment (CK), totally three processing.Agent, soil treatment method, nursery and plant
The processing of sample is the same as embodiment 1.The overground part cadmium content of medicinal plant four-o'clock, dandelion, youth-and-old-age and hollyhock Four Plants
Such as table 2.
Overground part Cd accumulation characteristic (the mg kg of the different medicinal plants of table 2-1)
| Cd concentration for the treatment of (mg kg-1) | Four-o'clock | Dandelion | Youth-and-old-age | Hollyhock |
| 0 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
| 1 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.54 |
| 2.5 | 0.41 | 1.12 | 2.52 | 1.26 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the overground part cadmium of medicinal plant four-o'clock, dandelion, youth-and-old-age and hollyhock these four plants
Content increases as Cd adds the raising of concentration.According to " medicinal plant and preparation foreign trade green professional standard " (WM/T2-
2004) it requires, the maximum allowable content of Cd is 0.3mg kg-1, according to this standard, when Cd concentration for the treatment of is 1.0mg kg-1With
2.5mg kg-1When, the Cd content of these four medicinal plant overground parts is all larger than 0.3mg kg-1, it is unsatisfactory for national foreign trade industry
Standard.I.e. overground part Cd content is consistently higher than the Cd content in the medicinal plant of requirements of the national standard, does not have low accumulation medicine
With the feature of plant.And medicinal plant sweet basil has the feature of the low accumulation of Cd compared with these four plants, can be adapted for Cd dirt
Contaminate the reparation of soil.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is only a specific embodiment of the invention, is for the technology people convenient for the technical field
Member can understand and apply the invention, and therefore, scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, if heavy metal includes lead (Pb), arsenic
(As), the contaminated soils such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) can also adopting said method.Those skilled in the art's announcement according to the present invention, it is right
It should be all included within the scope of the present invention in the conspicuous improvement of the invention made and replacement.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of cadmium pollution soil repair, which is characterized in that using low cadmium-accumulation type medicinal plant sweet basil to cadmium pollution
Soil is repaired.
2. the method for cadmium pollution soil repair as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
1) using sowing plantation or earth culture nursery-sprigging method, by sweet basil plantation in mild concentration cadmium pollution soil；
2) greenhouse production is used in sweet basil growth course, ventilation watering, soil moisture content are maintained at field capacity daily
65-75%；
3) when sweet basil is to florescence maturation, its entirety is removed from soil, stem and leaf part can be medicinal, at the concentration of root
Reason.
3. the method for cadmium pollution soil repair as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
Cd concentration is 0.6-1.0mg kg under the conditions of slight pollution concentration described in step 1) is pH6.5-7.5-1。
4. the method for cadmium pollution soil repair as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
Concentration described in step 1) is 0.6-1.0mg kg-1。
5. the method for cadmium pollution soil repair as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
Room cultivation condition in step 2): 25-27 DEG C of temperature, light application time is 10 hours.
6. such as the method for cadmium pollution soil repair described in any one of claim 1-5, which is characterized in that the cadmium may be used also
Think lead, arsenic, chromium or nickel.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113617823A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-09 | 江西省科学院微生物研究所 | Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil |
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Application publication date: 20191126 |