CN110488369A - High precision broad frequency gravimeter - Google Patents
High precision broad frequency gravimeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN110488369A CN110488369A CN201910831385.9A CN201910831385A CN110488369A CN 110488369 A CN110488369 A CN 110488369A CN 201910831385 A CN201910831385 A CN 201910831385A CN 110488369 A CN110488369 A CN 110488369A
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Classifications
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- G01V1/01—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/24—Recording seismic data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting
- G01V7/02—Details
- G01V7/04—Electric, photoelectric, or magnetic indicating or recording means
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high precision broad frequency gravimeters, are related to seismic precursor early warning and observation of earth tide technology.This gravimeter is: from top to bottom, tray unit is connected with constant temperature unit, and support unit is provided in constant temperature unit, and capacitive displacement transducer, Flexible element are respectively arranged on support unit, adjusts pendulum unit and lock pendulum unit；Pendulum unit and lock pendulum unit is adjusted to connect respectively with Flexible element；Flexible element is connected with capacitive displacement transducer；The capacitive displacement transducer is the variation up and down for measuring the movable plate position in Flexible element；The Flexible element is a kind of spring of precision；The constant temperature unit is a high-precision temperature regulating device.Constant-temperature precision of the invention is 0.0001 DEG C；Capacitance sensor has sufficiently high precision, and measurement accuracy is 0.1 nanometer；Using reasonable heat structure, good seal, therefore influenced by temperature and air pressure it is smaller, even if can also obtain preferable observed result in the observation office work of not temperature control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic precursor early warning and observation of earth tide technology more particularly to a kind of high precision broad frequency gravity
Instrument.
Background technique
The high precision broad frequency gravimeter that earth tide can be recorded earliest is the GS invented by the Ge Lafu (Graf) of West Germany
Type gravimeter is once used in American-European and Chinese large-scale popularization, after close down due to Askania (Askania), which does not have
Reproduction；Hereafter the Lacoste in the U.S. devises Lacoste ET type gravimeter, dedicated for recording earth tide；The eighties, I
State voluntarily has developed earth tide gravimeter, and production is promoted at home.These three gravimeter principles are different, and difference is very big, respectively
There is its features and advantages.But difference is little in precision.
Since the precision of earth tide will be to 1 microgal (μ gal about 10-9G), therefore the manufacturer of the instrument can be developed and produced in state
Inside and outside only three.
Seismic precursor prediction is one of seismic study work key subjects.The time of success prediction earthquake generation, place, shake
Grade size is also global problem, cannot largely obtain comprehensive, enough accuracy and quantity with seismic precursor phase
The information of connection.
It there is no a kind of high precision broad frequency gravimeter both at home and abroad at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that overcoming shortcoming and defect of the existing technology, a kind of high precision broad frequency weight is provided
Power instrument, not only can be improved the measurement accuracy and long-time stability of high precision broad frequency gravimeter, but also widen measurement frequency band, can be with
Record more earthquake informations.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A) effective technical measures are used, the precision of the output voltage of high precision broad frequency gravimeter and steady in a long-term is improved
Property, so as to detect the change in long term for being the earth tide factor, the variation of tidal factor can be used for forecasting earthquake；
B) since noise and frequency band are proportional, present invention narrow-band filtering and amplification, Lai Tigao high precision broad frequency
The signal-to-noise ratio of the output voltage of gravimeter can detect the small vibration information of earth interior with higher sensitivity.
C) present invention is other than the observational record of earth tide channel, and also add three channels: hf channel (is suitable for recording
Near earthquake)；Low channel (is suitable for recording distant shock)；Earch free oscillation channel.(it is logical that previous gravimeter only records earth tide
Road, and the channel of earthquake is recorded without this 3.)
Specifically, high precision broad frequency gravimeter includes capacitive displacement transducer, Flexible element, constant temperature unit, tune
Put unit, lock pendulum unit, support unit and tray unit；
Its position and connection relationship are:
From top to bottom, tray unit is connected with constant temperature unit, and support unit is provided in constant temperature unit, in support unit
On be respectively arranged with capacitive displacement transducer, Flexible element, adjust pendulum unit and lock pendulum unit；
Pendulum unit and lock pendulum unit is adjusted to connect respectively with Flexible element；Flexible element is connected with capacitive displacement transducer；
The capacitive displacement transducer is the variation up and down for measuring the movable plate position in Flexible element；
The Flexible element is a kind of spring of precision；
The constant temperature unit is a high-precision temperature regulating device.
The present invention has following advantages and good effect:
A) high accuracy temperature control system is used, the GS type gravimeter of the international René Lacoste and Germany with the quasi-instrument such as U.S.
Constant-temperature precision is 0.01 DEG C, and since external gravimeter temperature-controlled precision is inadequate, temperature control essence is made up with the method for temperature-compensating
The deficiency of degree；And constant-temperature precision of the invention is 0.0001 DEG C, therefore does not need to carry out temperature-compensating, there is the gravimeter of temperature-compensating
It could only be compensated on optimum temperature point preferable, and the selection of high precision broad frequency gravimeter operating temperature of the present invention is more
Freely, as long as operating temperature is higher than highest environment temperature；
B) since noise and frequency band are proportional, present invention narrow-band filtering and amplification, Lai Tigao high precision broad frequency
The signal-to-noise ratio of the output voltage of gravimeter can detect the small vibration information of earth interior with higher sensitivity.
C) reasonable heat structure, good seal are used, thus influenced by temperature and air pressure it is smaller, even if in not temperature control
When observing office work, preferable observed result can be also obtained.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of high precision broad frequency gravimeter；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of high precision broad frequency gravimeter；
Fig. 3 is capacitive displacement transducer block diagram；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of spring unit；
Fig. 5 is the structural block diagram of spring unit；
Fig. 6 is the structural block diagram of constant temperature unit circuit；
Fig. 7 is the structural block diagram for adjusting pendulum unit；
Fig. 8 is the structural block diagram of lock pendulum unit；
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of oscillator；
Figure 10 is earth tide curve graph (2019-06-19)；
Figure 11 is earth tide curve graph (2019-06-18)；
Figure 12 is seismogram (2019-06-18 days to 2019-06-26) of hf channel；
Figure 13 is seismogram (2019-06-18 days to 2019-06-26) of low channel.
In figure:
1-capacitive displacement transducer,
111-movable plates, 112-upper stators, 112-lower stators,
121-oscillators, 122-phase inverters, 123-third stage amplifiers, 124-lock-in amplifiers,
125-earth tide channels, 126-earch free oscillation channels, 127-hf channels,
128-low channels；
2-Flexible elements,
21-springs, 22-connectors, on 23-soft silks, 24-spring upper end fixing pieces,
25-lower spring end fixing pieces, under 26-soft silks, 27-pendulum (movable plate 111), 28-leveling boards；
3-constant temperature units,
311-interior constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridges, 312-interior constant temperature high-gain amplifiers,
313-interior constant temperature power amplifiers, 314-interior heated at constant temperature silks,
321-pedestal constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridges, 322-pedestal constant temperature high-gain amplifiers,
323-pedestal constant temperature power amplifiers, 324-pedestal heated at constant temperature silks,
331-outer constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridges, 332-outer constant temperature high-gain amplifiers
333-outer constant temperature power amplifiers, 334-outer heated at constant temperature silks；
4-adjust pendulum unit
41-adjust swinging rack, and 42-adjust pendulum motor bracket, and 43-adjust pendulum motor, and 44-adjust pendulum motor gear,
45-one-stage gears, 46-secondary gears, 47-tertiary gears, 48-level Four gears,
49-output gears, 410-adjust pendulum circuit；
5-lock pendulum units
51-lock pendulum motors, 52-lock pendulum motor brackets, 53-lock pendulum springs, 54-lock pendulum spring brackets,
55-locks lay out limit, and 56-locks accommodate limit, 57-lock pendulum circuits；
6-support units,
61-support columns, 62-support plates, 63-support bases, the 64-hot frameworks of support, 65-support tubes；
7-tray units,
71-chassis, 72-leveling feed screw nuts, 73-lower margin cushion blocks, 74-chassis circuit box, 75-leveling bubbles.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments as follows.
One, the structure of high precision broad frequency gravimeter
One) overall
Such as Fig. 1,2, high precision broad frequency gravimeter include capacitive displacement transducer 1, Flexible element 2, constant temperature unit 3,
Adjust pendulum unit 4, lock pendulum unit 5, support unit 6 and tray unit 7；
Its position and connection relationship are:
From top to bottom, tray unit 7 and constant temperature unit 3 connect, and support unit 6 is provided in constant temperature unit 3, is being supported
It is respectively arranged with capacitive displacement transducer 1, Flexible element 2 on unit 6, adjusts pendulum unit 4 and lock pendulum unit 5；
Pendulum unit 4 and lock pendulum unit 5 is adjusted to connect respectively with Flexible element 2；Flexible element 2 and capacitive displacement transducer 1
Connection.
Capacitive displacement transducer 1, Flexible element 2 adjust pendulum unit 4 and lock pendulum its mechanical part of unit 5 in constant temperature unit 3
Interior, electronic section is outside constant temperature unit 3；
Capacitive displacement transducer 1: the variation up and down of movable plate 111 (pendulum) position in measurement Flexible element 2, measurement essence
Degree is better than 0.1 nanometer (nm)；
Flexible element 2: it is a kind of spring 21 of precision, the high stable of vacuum heat treatment is made and passed through of constant modulus alloy
Property spring, elastic temperature coefficient be 10-5, day drift requirement is high precision broad frequency gravity less than 5 microgals (μ gal)
Change in gravitational acceleration is converted into the variation of length by instrument core component --- sensor；
Constant temperature unit 3: the stability in order to guarantee Flexible element 2, it is necessary to Flexible element 2 be made to be placed in a high-precision temperature
It spends in environment；
It adjusts pendulum unit 4: the movable plate 111 (pendulum) of capacitive displacement transducer 1 being adjusted near zero-bit, due to Adjustment precision
It is required that reach 1 nanometer (nm), therefore the reduction ratio of 5 grades of gear trains of palpus is 5000 times；
Lock pendulum unit 5: for transportation safety, preventing pendulum from colliding and damaging with other machine components, is provided with lock pendulum unit.
Support unit 6: Support Capacitor formula displacement sensor 1, Flexible element 2 adjust pendulum unit 4 and lock pendulum unit 5.
Tray unit 7: guarantee the horizontal positioned of the output voltage of high precision broad frequency gravimeter.
High precision broad frequency gravimeter functional unit introduced below
Two) functional unit
1, capacitive displacement transducer 1
Such as Fig. 3, capacitive displacement transducer 1 includes movable plate 111, upper stator 112, lower stator 113, oscillator 121, reverse phase
Device 122, third stage amplifier 123, lock-in amplifier 124, earth tide Measurement channel 125, earch free oscillation channel 126, high frequency
Earthquake trail 127 and low-frequency acoustic channel 128:
Its connection relationship is:
Upper stator 112 and lower stator 113 are arranged on support unit 6, are arranged between upper stator 112 and lower stator 113
There is movable plate 111；
Oscillator 121 is connect with upper stator 112, phase inverter 122 and lock-in amplifier 124 respectively, phase inverter 122 and lower fixed
Piece 113 connects, and movable plate 111, third stage amplifier 123 and lock-in amplifier 124 are sequentially connected, the output end of lock-in amplifier 124
Connect 4 channels: earth tide channel 125, earch free oscillation channel 126, hf channel 127 and low channel 128.
Its working mechanism is:
Oscillator 121 outputs signal to stator 112 and phase inverter 122, and phase inverter 122 outputs signal to lower stator 113,
Movable plate 111 outputs signal to third stage amplifier 123, and oscillator 121 and third stage amplifier 123 provide signals to lock-in amplifier
124, lock-in amplifier 124 exports 4 channels, is respectively: earth tide channel 125, earch free oscillation channel 126, high frequency are logical
Road 127 and low channel 128.
1) movable plate 111: a kind of metal disk, diameter 40mm, thickness 2mm；
It for flatness, is process with precision grinder, surface gold-plating.
2) stator 112 on: a kind of metal disk, diameter 40mm, thickness 2mm；
It for flatness, is process with precision grinder, surface gold-plating.
3) stator 113 under: a kind of metal disk, diameter 40mm, thickness 2mm；
For flatness, it is process with precision grinder.Surface gold-plating.
4) oscillator 121
Oscillator 121 is a kind of well-designed pierce circuit.
Such as Fig. 9, oscillator 121 includes sequentially connected oscillating circuit 121A, frequency dividing circuit 121B and shaping circuit 121C；
4.1) oscillating circuit 121A
Oscillating circuit 121A really mends reverse buffer U1A by the 1st resistance R1, the 1st capacitor C1 and the 1st and forms；
One end of 1st resistance R1 and the 1st capacitor C1 is connected to the 1st true input terminal for mending reverse buffer U1A, the 1st resistance
The other end of R1 and the 1st capacitor C1 are connect with the 1st true two output ends of reverse buffer U1A of mending respectively；
The 1st true reverse buffer U1A that mends is that reverse buffer 4041 is really mended on four tunnels.
Its working principle is that: by mending reverse buffer U1A's to the 1st resistance R1 and the 1st capacitor C1 charge and discharge and the 1st are true
Amplification generates oscillator signal.
4.2) frequency dividing circuit 121B
Frequency dividing circuit 121B is by the 2nd, 3,4,5 resistance R2, R3, R4, R5, the 2nd, 3,4 capacitor C2, C3, C4, the 1st, 2,3 two
Pole pipe D1, D2, D3 and the 2nd, 3 true reverse buffer U1B, U1C of mending are formed；
2nd resistance R2 and the 3rd capacitor C3 connection, the 2nd resistance R2 and the 3rd resistance R3 connection；
One end of 3rd resistance R3 is connected with the 2nd true output end 2 for mending reverse buffer U1B, and the other end and the 3rd true benefit are anti-
It is connected to the input terminal 6 of buffer U1C；
One end of 4th resistance R4 is connected with the 2nd true 3 end of output end for mending reverse buffer U1B；The other end and the 3rd true benefit
3 end of input terminal of reverse buffer U1C is connected；
One end of 2nd diode D2 is connected with the 2nd true 3 ends for mending reverse buffer U1B, the other end and the 2nd resistance R2's
One end is connected；
One end of 2nd diode D2 is connected with the 3rd true 6 ends for mending reverse buffer U1C, the other end and the 5th resistance R5's
One end is connected；
3rd capacitor C3 is connected with one end of the 2nd resistance R2, and the other end is connected with the 1st diode D1；
4th capacitor C4 is connected with one end of the 5th resistance R5, and the other end is connected with the 1st diode D1.
Its working principle is that:
2nd capacitor C2 is connected with the 1st true reverse buffer U1A that mends, and the 1st true benefit reverse buffer U1A output is square wave,
It being coupled by the 2nd capacitor C2, is converted to negative pulse, the signal of the 2nd capacitor C2 output is sent to capacitor C3 and the 4th capacitor C4, by
It is high level in bistable circuit one end, the other end is low level.It is added on the 2nd diode D2 and the 2nd diode D3 simultaneously,
So negative pulse does not only work to low level, works to high level.High level is just dragged down into low level by negative pulse later.
To make trigger be overturn.The half of 121 frequency of frequency oscillator, is thus divided.Oscillator signal inputs two
After square wave, the output signal of frequency dividing circuit reforms into a square wave.1 foot of frequency dividing circuit be sent to 112,5 foot of stator be sent to and
Lower stator 122 is since the short-term stability of oscillator is very high, through being tested with digital frequency meter, oscillator short-term frequency stability
It can reach ten a ten thousandths or more.A ten thousandth can be improved in the precision and stability of duty ratio after frequency dividing.And divide it
The duty cycle error of preceding square wave reaches 2%.
4.3) shaping circuit 121C
Shaping circuit 121C is made of the 4th true reverse buffer U1C that mends, and keeps two amplitude equal phases of output opposite
Square-wave signal is sent to lock-in amplifier 124.
5) phase inverter 122
For a kind of general inverter circuit.The drift for requiring nothing more than operational amplifier is microvolt magnitude, and speed will seek quickness, defeated
Enter resistance and feedback resistance is all made of the armouring precision resistance of a ten thousandth.Armouring resistance is without parasitic inductance.
6) third stage amplifier 123
For a kind of general three-stage amplifier circuit.
7) lock-in amplifier 124
For a kind of lock-in amplifier circuit of general accurate single-frequency.
8) earth tide Measurement channel 125
For a kind of general active band logical amplifying circuit.
9) earch free oscillation channel 126
For a kind of general active band logical amplifying circuit.
10) high-frequency seism channel 127
For a kind of general active band logical amplifying circuit.
11) low-frequency acoustic channel 128
For a kind of general active band-pass circuit.
The precision of capacitive displacement transducer 1 depends on three aspects:
1, the range stability of oscillator 121；
2, the stability of 121 duty ratio of oscillator；
3, the gain stability of third stage amplifier 123 and the gain of lock-in amplifier and phase stability.
In order to improve the gain stability of third stage amplifier 123, all resistance is all made of the precision that precision is 0.0001
Resistance；Resistance in reverser 122 uses 0.0001 precision resistance of 718 factories production；0.001 resistance is armouring resistance,
Without parasitic inductance；To make phase inverter 122 not generate additional phase shift.
In capacitive displacement transducer 1, lock-in amplifier 124 is used；Lock-in amplifier 124 can effective filter out dry
The influence with noise is disturbed, to improve measurement accuracy.
Capacitive displacement transducer 1 is as shown in Figure 3.
Since frequency band is relatively narrow, interference and noise are smaller, and the present invention devises the amplification and recording channel of 4 kinds of bandwidth:
Earth tide channel 125 is for recording earth tide；125 multiple of earth tide channel is 60,000 times；
For recording earch free oscillation signal, (period of earch free oscillation signal is in earch free oscillation channel 126
100- 3300 seconds)；The amplification factor in earch free oscillation channel 126 is 1,500,000 times.
High-frequency seism channel 127 is for recording near earthquake, when output voltage of the focus from observation high precision broad frequency gravimeter
When closer, the earthquake less than 0.1 grade can record；127 amplification factor of high-frequency seism channel is 1,000,000 times；
Low-frequency acoustic channel 128 can recorde the seismic signal in 5 grades of whole world or more for recording distant shock.Low-frequency acoustic is logical
128 amplification factor of road is 1,000,000 times.
2, Flexible element 2
Such as Fig. 4, Flexible element 2 includes movable plate 111, spring 21, connector 22, upper soft silk 23, spring upper end fixing piece
24, lower spring end fixing piece 25, under soft silk 26 and leveling board 27:
Its connection relationship is: from top to bottom, connector 22, upper soft silk 23, spring upper end fixing piece 24, spring 21, spring
Lower end fixing piece 25, under soft silk 26, movable plate 111 and leveling board 27 be sequentially connected.
1) spring 21
Spring 21 is the critical component of high precision broad frequency gravimeter, it is necessary to properly select 21 parameter of spring and movable plate
111 (pendulum) weight, cause the principal element of 21 Flexible change of spring to have following three: temperature effect, creep and elastic after effect；
When designing high precision broad frequency gravimeter, Yao Jinliang overcomes the influence of these three factors；It, can in order to reduce the influence of temperature change
Try to improve constant-temperature precision；In order to reduce the creep of spring, the method for mitigating spring-load can be used, due to load mitigation, bullet
The sensitivity of spring slightly reduces, and this requires Flexible elements 2 to have higher accuracy and sensitivity.
2) connector 22
It is the copper hook of diameter 10mm.
3) upper soft silk 23
It is the 3J53 invar property stainless steel wire of diameter 0.1mm.
4) spring upper end fixing piece 24
It is the copper hook of diameter 10mm.
5) lower spring end fixing piece 25
It is the stainless steel hook of diameter 10mm.
6) soft silk 26 under
It is the 3J53 invar property stainless steel wire of diameter 0.1mm.
7) leveling board 27
A kind of copper plectane, i.e., it is a kind of in order to adjust the Weight plate of 111 severity of movable plate, and make movable plate 111 with
Upper stator 112 and lower stator 113 are strictly parallel.
3, constant temperature unit 3
Such as Fig. 2,6, constant temperature unit 3 includes outer constant temperature insulating layer 3A, outer thermostatic tube 3B, Dewar bottle 3C, interior thermostatic tube 3D, Du
Watt bottle closure 3E and Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature controller 3F；
It further include interior constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 311, interior constant temperature high-gain amplifier 312, interior constant temperature power amplifier
313, interior heated at constant temperature silk 314, pedestal constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 321, pedestal constant temperature high-gain amplifier 322, pedestal constant temperature
Power amplifier 323, pedestal heated at constant temperature silk 324, outer constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 331, outer constant temperature high-gain amplifier 332,
Outer constant temperature power amplifier 333 and outer heated at constant temperature silk 334；
Its position and connection relationship are:
From outside to inside, outer constant temperature insulating layer 3A, outer thermostatic tube 3B, Dewar bottle 3C and its Dewar bottle closure are disposed with
3E is provided with interior thermostatic tube 3D and Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature controller 3F in Dewar bottle 3C and its Dewar bottle closure 3E；
Interior constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 311, interior constant temperature high-gain amplifier 312, interior constant temperature power amplifier 313 and interior perseverance
Warm heater strip 314 is sequentially connected, and interior heated at constant temperature silk 314 is wound on interior thermostatic tube 3D；
Pedestal constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 321, pedestal constant temperature high-gain amplifier 322, pedestal constant temperature power amplifier 323
It is sequentially connected with pedestal heated at constant temperature silk 324, pedestal heated at constant temperature silk 324 is wound on Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature controller 3F；
Outer constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 331, outer constant temperature high-gain amplifier 332, outer constant temperature power amplifier 333 and outer perseverance
Warm heater strip 334 is sequentially connected, and outer heated at constant temperature silk 334 is wound on outer thermostatic tube 3B.
Working mechanism:
Temperature control unit requires heating power exactly equal to heat radiation power.If heating power is greater than heat radiation power, control
Temperature in warm unit rises, the temperature decline if heating power is less than heat radiation power, in control temperature unit.
Interior constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 311 outputs signal to interior constant temperature high-gain amplifier 312, interior constant temperature plus and blowup
Device 312 passes through interior constant temperature power amplifier 313, provides appropriately sized power to interior heated at constant temperature silk 314.
Pedestal constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 321 outputs signal to pedestal temperature high-gain amplifier 322, and pedestal temperature high-gain is put
Big device 322 passes through pedestal temperature power amplifier 323, provides appropriately sized power to pedestal temperature heater strip 324.
The outer quick resistance bridge 331 of warm outputs signal to outer temperature high-gain amplifier 332, outer temperature high-gain amplifier 332
By outer temperature power amplifier 333, appropriately sized power is provided to outer temperature heater strip 334.
1) outer constant temperature insulating layer 3A
Outer constant temperature insulating layer 3A includes the cylinder that the preferable polystyrene material of thermal insulation property is process, and is had up and down
The shell of lid；Its function is heat preservation.
2) outer thermostatic tube 3B
Outer thermostatic tube 3B is a kind of cylinder for having upper and lower covers, is formed with the metal material processing of good heat conductivity, and diameter omits
Less than outer constant temperature insulating layer 3A, it is fitted close with it；Its function is heating and samming.
3) Dewar bottle 3C
Dewar bottle is outsourcing piece, and vacuum degree is less than 10-5Pa, with good thermal insulation property.
4) thermostatic tube 3D in
With outer thermostatic tube 3B.
5) Dewar bottle closure 3E
With the cylindrical metal block of Dewar bottle 3C adaptation.
6) Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature controller 3F
Aforementioned, the structure of Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature controller 3F is: pedestal constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 321, pedestal constant temperature
High-gain amplifier 322, pedestal constant temperature power amplifier 323 and pedestal heated at constant temperature silk 324 are sequentially connected, pedestal heated at constant temperature
Silk 324 is wound on Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature controller 3F；Its function is to prevent the variation of Dewar bottle mouth environment temperature from influencing Du
Temperature in watt bottle.Temperature-controlling system increases pedestal constant temperature, so that the precision of entire constant temperature unit 3 is improved more than 20 times, to make
The precision of constant temperature unit 3 has reached a ten thousandth degree.
The thermal insulation property of insulating layer is better, and required heating power is smaller, and temperature-controlled precision is higher.The thermal conductivity of warming tube
Can be better, thermal resistance is smaller, and the temperature gradient of warming tube is smaller, and temperature-controlled precision is higher.
1) constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge 311 in
By two high precision thermosensitive resistors and two precision better than the bridge that the precision resistance of a ten thousandth forms.
2) constant temperature high-gain amplifier 312 in
It is a kind of general plus and blowup circuit, in order to reach the control precision of a ten thousandth, preamplifier is necessary
Using the operational amplifier of low drifting, drift is less than 1 microvolt；Require in addition that the open-loop gain of amplifier is greater than 108。
3) constant temperature power amplifier 313 in
Using power operational amplifier BUZ11；
4) heated at constant temperature silk 314 in
It is the copper enameled wire that diameter is 0.15mm.
In order to realize high-precision temperature control, it is necessary to accomplish several aspects:
1, the temperature-controlling system of low drifting high-gain, less than 1 microvolt (μ V), loop gain is required more than for the drift of preamplifier
10-8。
2, the temperature-sensitive element of high stability.The present invention tests a large amount of temperature-sensitive element, 44008 types only produced in USA
Thermistor is just able to satisfy the requirement of precision and time constant.
3, reasonable Thermal structures design, temperature equalization system require the thermal conductivity of material fine, and thermal resistance is small；Heat-insulation system requires to protect
Warm nature can very well, and thermal resistance is very big.In order to reach 0.0001 DEG C of temperature-controlled precision, the present invention has done three layers of temperature control: interior constant temperature, outer perseverance
Temperature, pedestal constant temperature (constant temperature of Dewar bottle bottleneck)；Dewar bottle is a kind of good attemperator；Problem is that bottleneck will radiate.Ring
The variation of border temperature can be passed to inside the output voltage of high precision broad frequency gravimeter by bottleneck；In order to overcome this phenomenon；
Dewar bottle bottleneck has added thermostatically-controlled equipment to the present invention again, keeps constant the temperature of bottleneck；The measure finally makes high-precision
The temperature-controlled precision of the output voltage of broadband gravimeter improves more than 20 times.The design of heat structure is to pass for temperature-controlled precision
Important；The design of heat structure is as shown in Figure 1；Elastic system is most accurate in the output voltage of high precision broad frequency gravimeter
Part.It is totally enclosed among temperature-controlling system.
4, pendulum unit 4 is adjusted
Such as Fig. 7, adjusting pendulum unit 4 includes adjusting swinging rack 41, adjusting pendulum motor bracket 42, adjust pendulum motor 43, adjust pendulum motor gear
44, one-stage gear 45, secondary gear 46, tertiary gear 47, level Four gear 48, output gear 49 and tune pendulum circuit 410；
Its position and connection relationship are:
Swinging rack 41 is adjusted, pendulum motor bracket 42 is adjusted and pendulum motor 43 is adjusted to be sequentially connected, the support of swinging rack 41 is adjusted to adjust pendulum motor
Bracket 42 adjusts the pendulum support of motor bracket 42 to adjust pendulum motor 43；
Pendulum circuit 410 is adjusted, pendulum motor 43 is adjusted, adjusts pendulum motor gear 44, one-stage gear 45, secondary gear 46, tertiary gear
47, level Four gear 48 and output gear 49 are sequentially connected, and adjust the pendulum control of circuit 410 to adjust pendulum motor 43, until output gear 49.
Its working mechanism is:
It adjusts the support of swinging rack 41 to adjust pendulum motor bracket 42, adjusts the pendulum support of motor bracket 42 to adjust pendulum motor 43, adjust pendulum motor 43
Drive adjust pendulum motor gear 44, adjust pendulum the concatenated drive one-stage gear 45 of motor gear 44, secondary gear 46, tertiary gear 47,
Level Four gear 48, output gear 49；Adjust the rotation direction of pendulum motor 43 by adjusting pendulum circuit 410 to control.
1) swinging rack 41 is adjusted
By the supporting element of Copper fabrication.
2) pendulum motor bracket 42 is adjusted
The supporting element processed by magnetically soft alloy.
3) pendulum motor 43 is adjusted
Drag cup low-speed DC servo motor.
4) pendulum motor gear 44 is adjusted
The motor gear of modulus 0.3.
5) one-stage gear 45
6) secondary gear 46
7) tertiary gear 47
8) level Four gear 48
9) output gear 49
10) pendulum circuit 410 is adjusted
It is simple automatic control circuit.
Its function is: allowing motor control movable plate to move to zero-bit, motor is automatically stopped after reaching zero-bit.
Since the precision and resolving power of the output voltage of high precision broad frequency gravimeter are very high, range is smaller.Zeroing every time
Amplitude be no more than 0.2 μm；Therefore having to a reduction ratio is 5000 gear trains.
5, lock pendulum unit 5
Such as Fig. 7, lock pendulum unit 5 includes lock pendulum motor 51, lock pendulum motor bracket 52, lock pendulum spring 53, lock pendulum spring bracket
54, lock lays out limit 55, lock accommodates limit 56 and lock pendulum circuit 57；
Its position and connection relationship are:
Lock lays out limit 55 and lock is accommodated limit 56 and connect respectively with lock pendulum spring 53, makes to lock pendulum spring 53 in contact lock pendulum
It is locked when upper limit 55, motor stops, and completes lock pendulum；It is released lock pendulum spring 53 when contact lock accommodates limit 56, horse
Up to stopping, pine pendulum is completed.
Lock pendulum motor bracket 52 and lock pendulum motor 51 connect；52 fixing lock of motor bracket puts motor 51.
It locks pendulum spring bracket 54 and lock pendulum spring 53 connects, lock 54 fixing lock pendulum spring 53 of pendulum spring bracket.
Lock pendulum circuit 57 and lock pendulum spring 53 connect, and the lock pendulum control lock pendulum spring 53 of circuit 57 rotates.
Its working mechanism is:
The lock pendulum support lock pendulum motor 51 of motor bracket 52, the lock support lock pendulum spring 53 of pendulum spring bracket 54, lock pendulum motor 51
Lock pendulum spring 53 is driven, limit 55 is laid out when the lock arrival lock of pendulum spring 53 and stops operating, accommodated when lock pendulum spring 53 reaches to lock
Limit 56 stops operating, and the rotation direction of lock pendulum motor 51 is controlled by lock pendulum circuit 57.
1) lock pendulum motor 51
Lock pendulum motor is DC servomotor, outsourcing.
2) lock pendulum motor bracket 52
The support frame being process by magnetically soft alloy；Not only lock pendulum motor 51, but also the magnetic field of shielding lock pendulum motor 51 are supported.
3) pendulum spring 53 is locked
Lock pendulum spring 53 is the leaf spring of constant modulus alloy.
4) pendulum spring bracket 54 is locked
The support frame as made of Copper fabrication；
5) lock lays out limit 55
It is copper-clad plate.
6) lock accommodates limit 56
It is copper-clad plate.
7) lock pendulum circuit 57
It is the general switching circuit for controlling motor and rotating forward pine pendulum and reversion lock pendulum.
6, support unit 6
Such as Fig. 1,2, support unit 6 is a kind of mechanical structure, including support column, support plate, support base and support tube 65；
Support Capacitor formula displacement sensor 1, Flexible element 2 adjust pendulum unit 4 and lock pendulum unit 5.
7, tray unit 7
Such as Fig. 2, tray unit 7 includes chassis 71, leveling feed screw nut 72, lower margin cushion block 73 and leveling bubble 74；
Its position and connection relationship are:
Chassis 71 is in equilateral triangle, and leveling feed screw nut 72 is respectively arranged on three apex angles, in leveling screw rod spiral shell
Mother 72 is that bottom is connected with lower margin cushion block 73, and there are two orthogonal leveling bubbles 74 for placement on chassis 71.
Its working mechanism is:
Support anchor nut 72, anchor nut 72 support fot screw 73 downwards on chassis 71, and fot screw 73 is placed in lower margin
On cushion block 74, the downward support chassis circuit box 75 in chassis 71.
Two, the measuring principle of high precision broad frequency gravimeter
It is 16KHz that the present invention, which generates frequency of oscillation by the oscillator 121 of high-precision fixed ampllitude, by high-precision phase inverter
122, amplitude is identical, opposite in phase two signals are respectively connected to upper stator 112 and lower stator 113, induce on movable plate 111
Electric signal, through third stage amplifier 123 and lock-in amplifier 124, earth tide Measurement channel 125, earch free oscillation channel 126,
Behind high-frequency seism channel 127 and low-frequency acoustic channel 128, direct current amplification output picks up from dynamic acquisition and storage by number.
1, spring elongation calculating and spring sensitivity
It is well known that the basic principle of spring high precision broad frequency gravimeter is the dynamic balance gravity using spring, spring
Equilibrium equation are as follows:
Mg=kx
M is the quality of pendulum in formula, and g is acceleration of gravity, and k is elastic strength, and x is spring elongation.Then
The selection of 21 sensitivity of spring, it is not only related with precision required by high precision broad frequency gravimeter, but also with position
The attainable precision of shift measurement institute is related；According to experimental result, the precision dx of capacitive displacement transducer 1 is 0.0001 μm, high
It is 1 μ Gal that the precision of precision broadband gravimeter measurement, which is dg,；The then tensile elongation of springSpring
Sensitivity isSince the measurement accuracy of high precision broad frequency gravimeter will reach 1 μ gal, therefore capacitor
The measurement accuracy of formula displacement sensor 1 must be better than 0.0001 μm.
2, the rigidity in spring parameter, number of active coils, original length
Whether the parameter selection of spring 21 is reasonable, has very big shadow to the precision and stability of high precision broad frequency gravimeter
It rings；In order to make high precision broad frequency gravimeter the operation is stable, the stress of the working condition of spring 21 and prestressed allowable stress
It should select appropriate smaller；In this state since the load of spring 21 is lighter, thus creep is smaller, in order to reduce elastic system
The size of system, using zero-initial-length spring.
Spring material of the present invention is Ni42CrTi, if spring string diameter d=0.45mm, central diameter Dm=9.45mm, spring steel wire
Shear modulus be G=6600kg/mm3, the circle number N of helical springc；Its rigidity is
The spring material that the present invention selects is domestic 3J53 elastic wire (NiCrTi), and the coefficient of rigidity of material is
G=6600kg/mm3, steel wire diameter d=0.45mm, the central diameter N of helical springc=10mm puts weight m=30g, then the circle number of spring
For 128 circles.
The then original length of spring are as follows:
L=Ncd
In order to guarantee the stability of spring, it is necessary to by calculate examine spring working condition prestressing force and it is prestressed permitted
With stress τ0Whether the design requirement of spring is met.
K in formulacFor coefficient of curvatureWherein c is the winding ratio of spring, c=Dm/ d, by given value
It substitutes into: τ0=10 (kg/mm2)。
According to spring stability requirement, the allowable stress of working condition should be less than the 1/3 to 1/4 of tensile strength, i.e. τ0=
(1/3~1/4) θ.Due to the ultimate tension θ of used spring steel wire0=120kg/mm2, therefore the allowable of the spring is answered
Power is only the 1/12 of tensile strength.According to the design requirement of spring, prestressed allowable stress τ0It should be less than the 1/ of tensile strength
10 to 1/20, i.e.,That is τ0≤ (6~12) kg, therefore prestressed allowable stress is also able to satisfy spring
Stability requirement.
3, the output voltage of high precision broad frequency gravimeter
The quality m of known movable plate 111, the increment Delta g of acceleration of gravity, the rigidity k of spring, the increment Delta x of spring elongation；
Then Hooke theorem:
M Δ g=k Δ x
The distance of movable plate 111 to upper stator 112 is d1；The distance of movable plate 111 to lower stator 113 is d2；Upper stator 112 arrives
The distance of lower stator 113 is d1+d2=2d.Before calibration, automatic zero set is carried out, movable plate 111 is adjusted to upper stator 112 and lower fixed
Near the center of piece 113.
d1+d2=2d
d2-d1=2 Δ x
The voltage of upper stator 112 isLower 113 voltage of stator isThe output electricity of movable plate 111
Pressing instantaneous value is
The amplification factor silk A of third stage amplifieramps, the amplification factor of lock-in amplifier is HLP, according to the public affairs of locking phase amplification
The input of formula, locking phase amplification is exchange, and output is direct current；The output voltage of high precision broad frequency gravimeter is
This formula is that the variation of gravity value causes the output voltage variation of high precision broad frequency gravimeter.
Three, the key technical indexes of high precision broad frequency gravimeter
Measurement range: greater than 10000 milligals (mgal) (is suitable for the whole world)
Resolving power: 0.1 microgal (μ gal)
Direct range: 2000 microgals (μ gal)
Accuracy in capacitance sensors: it is better than 0.0001 micron (μm)
Temperature-controlled precision: quarterly change less than 0.0001 DEG C
Rated disspation: 18W
External voltage: 220V ± 10%/50HZ
Four, the observed result of high precision broad frequency gravimeter
High precision broad frequency gravimeter will complete development work in the end of the year 2018, in laboratory after 3 months stabilizations,
It is installed in the cavern of Central China University of Science and Technology's center of attraction and is observed.By the observation of half a year, precision, stability, function
On be significantly improved, do not break down.Recent observed result is as follows:
Figure 10 is earth tide curve, and from curve as can be seen that earth tide line smoothing, noise is small, resolving power is high (after tested
Resolving power can reach 0.1 μ gal).
Figure 11 is the comparison diagram of earth tide curve and hf channel curve, be can be seen that from curve, the ground of hf channel record
It is more relatively rich than the earthquake information that earth tide channel records to shake information.
Figure 12 is the seismogram of the hf channel on June 26th, 18 days 1 June in 2019, is had recorded on figure big
The earthquake information of amount, since the earthquake of Hubei Wuhan is less, the earthquake being recorded is distant shock, due to high precision broad frequency gravity
The band logical amplification factor of instrument can reach 60 to 1,000,000 times, and amplification factor is higher than seismographic amplification factor, therefore ratio can be recorded
Seismic detector also wants small earthquake.
Figure 13 is the seismogram of the low channel on June 26th, 18 days 1 June in 2019, due to low channel
Filter constant it is larger, surface noise influence it is smaller, be suitable for record distant shock.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of high precision broad frequency gravimeter, it is characterised in that:
Including capacitive displacement transducer (1), Flexible element (2), constant temperature unit (3), adjust pendulum unit (4), lock pendulum unit (5),
Support unit (6) and tray unit (7)；
Its position and connection relationship are:
From top to bottom, tray unit (7) and constant temperature unit (3) connection, are provided with support unit (6), In in constant temperature unit (3)
It is respectively arranged with capacitive displacement transducer (1), Flexible element (2) on support unit (6), adjusts pendulum unit (4) and lock pendulum unit
(5)；
Pendulum unit (4) and lock pendulum unit (5) is adjusted to connect respectively with Flexible element (2)；Flexible element (2) and capacitive displacement sensing
Device (1) connection；
The capacitive displacement transducer (1) is the variation up and down for measuring movable plate (111) position in Flexible element (2)；
The Flexible element (2) is a kind of spring (21) of precision；
The constant temperature unit (3) is a high-precision temperature regulating device.
2. a kind of high precision broad frequency gravimeter being had a talk about by claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The capacitive displacement transducer (1) includes movable plate (111), upper stator (112), lower stator (113), oscillator
(121), phase inverter (122), third stage amplifier (123), lock-in amplifier (124), earth tide Measurement channel (125), the earth from
By vibrating channel (126), high-frequency seism channel (127) and low-frequency acoustic channel (128):
Its connection relationship is:
Upper stator (112) and lower stator (113) are arranged on support unit (6), upper stator (112) and lower stator (113) it
Between be provided with movable plate (111)；
Oscillator (121) is connect with upper stator (112), phase inverter (122) and lock-in amplifier (124) respectively, phase inverter (122)
It is connected with lower stator (113), movable plate (111), third stage amplifier (123) and lock-in amplifier (124) are sequentially connected, locking phase amplification
The output end of device (124) connects 4 channels: earth tide channel (125), earch free oscillation channel (126), hf channel
(127) and low channel (128)；
The oscillator (121) includes sequentially connected oscillating circuit (121A), frequency dividing circuit (121B) and shaping circuit
(121C)；
Oscillating circuit (121A) is made of the 1st resistance (R1), the 1st capacitor (C1) and the 1st digit chip (G1)；
One end of 1st resistance (R1) and the 1st capacitor (C1) is connected to the input terminal of the 1st digit chip (G1), the 1st resistance (R1)
It is connect respectively with the 1st two output ends of digit chip (G1) with the other end of the 1st capacitor (C1)；1st digit chip G1 is four tunnels
It is true to mend reverse buffer 4041；
The frequency dividing circuit (121B) is by the 2nd, 3,4,5 resistance (R2, R3, R4, R5), the 2nd, 3,4 capacitors (C2, C3, C4), and
1,2,3 diodes (D1, D2, D3) and the 2nd, 3 digit chips (G2, G2) composition；
2nd resistance R2 and the connection of the 3rd capacitor (C3), the 2nd resistance (R2) and the connection of the 3rd resistance (R3)；
One end of 3rd resistance (R3) is connected with the output end 2 of the 2nd digit chip (G2), the other end and the 3rd digit chip (G3)
Input terminal 6 is connected；
One end of 4th resistance (R4) is connected with 3 end of output end of the 2nd digit chip (G2)；The other end and the 3rd digit chip (G3)
3 end of input terminal be connected；
One end of 2nd diode (D2) is connected with 3 ends of the 2nd digit chip (G2), one end phase of the other end and the 2nd resistance (R2)
Even；
One end of 2nd diode (D2) is connected with 6 ends of the 3rd digit chip (G3), one end phase of the other end and the 5th resistance (R5)
Even；
3rd capacitor (C3) is connected with one end of the 2nd resistance (R2), and the other end is connected with the 1st diode (D1)；
4th capacitor (C4) is connected with one end of the 5th resistance (R5), and the other end is connected with the 1st diode (D1)；
The shaping circuit (121C) keeps two amplitude equal phases of output opposite by the 4th digit chip (G4 is formed)
Square-wave signal is sent to lock-in amplifier (124).
3. a kind of high precision broad frequency gravimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The Flexible element (2) includes that movable plate (111), spring (21), connector (22), upper soft silk (23), spring upper end are solid
Determine part (24), lower spring end fixing piece (25), under soft silk (26) and leveling board (27):
Its connection relationship is: from top to bottom, connector (22), upper soft silk (23), spring upper end fixing piece (24), spring (21),
Lower spring end fixing piece (25), under soft silk (26), movable plate (111) and leveling board 27 be sequentially connected.
4. a kind of high precision broad frequency gravimeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The constant temperature unit (3) includes outer constant temperature insulating layer (3A), outer thermostatic tube (3B), Dewar bottle (3C), interior thermostatic tube
(3D), Dewar bottle closure (3E) and Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature controller (3F)；
It further include interior constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge (311), interior constant temperature high-gain amplifier (312), interior constant temperature power amplifier
(313), interior heated at constant temperature silk (314), pedestal constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge (321), pedestal constant temperature high-gain amplifier (322),
Pedestal constant temperature power amplifier (323), pedestal heated at constant temperature silk (324), outer constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge (331), outer constant temperature are high
Gain amplifier (332), outer constant temperature power amplifier (333) and outer heated at constant temperature silk (334)；
Its position and connection relationship are:
From outside to inside, outer constant temperature insulating layer (3A), outer thermostatic tube (3B), Dewar bottle (3C) and its Dewar bottle closure are disposed with
(3E) is provided with interior thermostatic tube (3D) and Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature controller in Dewar bottle (3C) and its Dewar bottle closure (3E)
(3F)；
Interior constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge (311), interior constant temperature high-gain amplifier (312), interior constant temperature power amplifier (313) and interior
Heated at constant temperature silk (314) is sequentially connected, and interior heated at constant temperature silk (314) is wound on interior thermostatic tube (3D)；
Pedestal constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge (321), pedestal constant temperature high-gain amplifier (322), pedestal constant temperature power amplifier
(323) it is sequentially connected with pedestal heated at constant temperature silk (324), pedestal heated at constant temperature silk (324) is wound on Dewar bottle bottleneck constant temperature control
On device (3F) processed；
Outer constant temperature temperature-sensitive resistance bridge (331), outer constant temperature high-gain amplifier (332), outer constant temperature power amplifier (333) and outer
Heated at constant temperature silk (334) is sequentially connected, and outer heated at constant temperature silk (334) is wound on outer thermostatic tube (3B).
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| CN111830587A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Locking mechanism of gravimeter |
| CN113267831A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-17 | 华中科技大学 | Constant temperature device for testing MEMS gravimeter |
| CN113917969A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | System and method for improving temperature drift performance of high-precision temperature control line |
| CN114779847A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Constant temperature system of portable relative gravimeter |
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| CN113267831B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-02 | 华中科技大学 | Constant temperature device for testing MEMS gravimeter |
| CN113917969A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | System and method for improving temperature drift performance of high-precision temperature control line |
| CN113917969B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-10-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | System and method for improving temperature drift performance of high-precision temperature control circuit |
| CN114779847A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Constant temperature system of portable relative gravimeter |
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