CN110487134A - A kind of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature measuring device and measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature measuring device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110487134A CN110487134A CN201910723646.5A CN201910723646A CN110487134A CN 110487134 A CN110487134 A CN 110487134A CN 201910723646 A CN201910723646 A CN 201910723646A CN 110487134 A CN110487134 A CN 110487134A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B35/00—Testing or checking of ammunition
Abstract
The present invention relates to the test analysis fields of explosive field, more specifically, are related to a kind of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature measuring device and measurement method.High speed blur-free imaging can be carried out to explosive flame using high-speed CCD, analysis comparison is carried out to explosive flame image, realize the measurement analysis of explosive flame burning velocity；Using ultra high-speed optical spectral analysis technology, core is that the ultrahigh speed interference signal acquisition speed with musec order can be realized explosive combustion spectral measurement using light modulation intervention module is played.The measuring device and method obtain the burning field picture and spectral information of explosive flame, it can be achieved at the same time the measurement of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature, and realize that the non-contact telemetering of burning velocity and temperature, movement-less part, shock resistance is good, environmental suitability is strong.The measuring device and method of the explosive flame burning velocity and temperature are stablized, are quick, environmental suitability is strong and has the explosive field flame velocity and temperature simultaneously measuring of telemetering ability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the test analysis fields of explosive field, more specifically, be related to a kind of explosive flame burning velocity and
Temperature measuring device and measurement method.
Background technique
By carrying out testing research to burning, explosive test process, explosion, combustion field temperature, burning can not only be obtained
The information such as product, additionally it is possible to further obtain the transformation rule between the molecular structure property and energy, sensitivity performance of energetic material
Rule is grasped burning, blast process development law and energy conversion and the best approach utilized, is finally effectively instructed novel
Explosive, priming system, the design and manufacture of explosive, and prevent the burning brought by burning, blast process to gun tube, spout
Erosion, the harm etc. to personnel and facility.Explosive charge category single event process, there are the time is short, transient temperature is higher (generally about
2000 DEG C -6000 DEG C), temperature change is exceedingly fast, and due to having high temperature, high pressure, high-speed flow in explosive field, and with chemistry
The various features such as reaction, so that blast temperature is difficult to accurately measure.
Currently, non-contact temperature measuring method has the methods of infrared measurement of temperature, color comparison temperature measurement, Multi spectral thermometry.IR thermometry
With faster measurement rate, but the key that this method is realized is to obtain the emissivity of surveyed target, but due to burning, exploding
The extreme environment of field, real goal emissivity are difficult to obtain, and constrain the measurement to unknown emissivity target temperature, and red
Outer thermometric is unable to satisfy the measurement demand of explosive field superhigh temperature.Two-color thermometry without knowing measured target emissivity, but due to
Inevitably there are various ionic spectrums and characteristic spectrum when explosive wastewater explosion, burning, interference can be generated to measurement result.Multi spectral thermometry method benefit
With the radiance for measuring multiple spectrum and then temperature is resolved, on temperature measurement accuracy with higher and the measurement of biggish temperature
Limit, especially suitable for burning, blast temperature measurement.But at present spectral measurement methods not can be implemented simultaneously high spectral resolution,
The spectral measurement of hyperspectral measurement rate, wide spectral range, so that measurement accuracy, rate and the model of existing Multi spectral thermometry method
It is with limit, and then limits the technology and is measured in explosive test transient temperature and blast process development law.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature measuring device and measurement methods, utilize
High-speed CCD camera completes explosive flame combustion field distribution tests, completes explosion radiation spectrum using ultra high-speed optical spectrometer and tests, into
And complete blast temperature test, finally provide it is a kind of in real time, ultrahigh speed, high-precision and highly sensitive explosive flame burning velocity and
The measuring device and method of temperature.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows:
A kind of measuring device of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature, including Cassegrain telescope, long wave lead to dichroic
Mirror, high-speed CCD, the first off-axis paraboloidal mirror, the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror, third off-axis paraboloidal mirror, golden reflecting mirror, the first infrared polarization
Piece plays light modulation intervention module, the 4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror, the second infrared polarization piece, high speed IR detector, data acquisition and control
Molding block and the end computer PC；
The light that explosive field combustion flame issues is collected through Cassegrain telescope enters measuring device, and long wave leads to dichroscope
Light beam is divided into visible light and infrared light, it is seen that light part, which is reflected, converges to high-speed CCD, and high-speed CCD carries out blast process
High-speed image sampling, high-speed CCD carry out high-speed image sampling to blast process, and through USB by the image transmitting of acquisition to computer
The end PC；Infrared portions enter ultrahigh speed spectral measurement device, and detailed process collimates shrink beam through off-axis paraboloidal mirror for infrared light
And golden reflecting mirror is reflexed to, the first infrared polarization piece is reflexed to through golden reflecting mirror, projectile light modulation intervention module is entered after polarizing,
It is emitted to the 4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror after being played the modulation of light modulation intervention module, the outgoing of the second infrared polarization piece is reflected into and obtained
High frequency interference signal is transmitted to data acquisition and control module, after being converted to digital signal after high speed IR detector receives
It is transmitted to the end computer PC.
Further, the Cassegrain telescope bore >=250mm to the greatest extent may be used to obtain higher measurement sensitivity
The luminous flux of the raising incidence system of energy, focus adjustable.
Further, frame frequency speed >=5000fps of the high-speed CCD.
Further, the light transmission shaft of the first infrared polarization piece and the second infrared polarization piece is mutually perpendicular to, and first is infrared
The light transmission shaft of polarizing film and the second infrared polarization piece respectively with play light modulation intervention module fast axis direction angle at 45 °.
Further, first off-axis paraboloidal mirror, the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror, third off-axis paraboloidal mirror focal length are different, make
The explosive field combustion flame light for leading to dichroscope transmission through long wave collimates shrink beam, and is incident on ultra high-speed optical spectrometry device.
Further, the core for playing light modulation intervention module is the big optical path difference based on the design of synthetic birefringence effect
Bullet optical modulator is reflected using multiple formula and plays optical modulator, virtually piles up bullet optical modulator or the cascade of multiple bullet optical modulators；
The bullet light modulation intervention module work is in resonant state, resonance frequency f=50kHz, vibration period S=20
μ s, interference signal acquisition time are 10 μ s；Light modulation intervention module is played to do the infrared light of collected explosive field Fire Radiation
It relates to signal and is fourier transformed inverting acquisition radiation spectrum, play light modulation intervention module modulation optical path difference and become in periodic sinusoidal
Change, the infrared signal of explosive field Fire Radiation nonlinear change in the case where periodic sinusoidal changes optical path difference, in an optical path difference
The complete interference signal figure of two width is obtained in modulation period, then believes the infrared interference of light of collected explosive field Fire Radiation
It number is fourier transformed inverting and obtains radiation spectrum.
Further, the data acquisition and control module 19 include two-way high-speed AD converter (ADC), FPGA control
Module and cache module, realize the real-time acquisition and storage of reference laser interference signal and the infrared optical interference signals of explosion, and pass through
USB or Serial Port Line are transmitted to the end computer PC.
Further, the ultrahigh speed spectral measurement device further includes reference laser, and the reference laser selects narrow linewidth,
The 632.8nm He-Ne Lasers of stabilized intensity；While explosive field burns infrared light incident light spectrum measuring device, reference laser enters
Spectral measurement device is penetrated, to carry out maximum optical path difference calibration, reference laser reflexes to the first polarizing film through the first silver medal reflecting mirror,
It is incident to the second silver medal reflecting mirror after polarizing, is reflexed to and plays the progress maximum optical path difference calibration of light modulation intervention module, be emitted to
4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror is transmitted to data acquisition and control module and computer after the second polarizing film to high-speed silicon optical detector
The end PC；
Further, the calibrating method specifically: the interference signal to reference laser carries out photoelectricity turn at the end computer PC
It changes, then carries out Zero-cross comparator, and complete corresponding complete reference laser interference signal in half of drive cycle in FPGA
Number is N, obtains maximum optical path difference are as follows:
In formula, λrefFor the wavelength of reference laser, spectrum to be measured can be obtained by carrying out Fourier transformation to interference signal:
In conjunction with the modulation format for playing optical modulator module optical path difference, using non-homogeneous fast after acquisition modulation module maximum optical path difference
Fast Fourier transformation just can obtain spectrum to be measured, and spectral resolution is adjustable according to maximum optical path difference, generally should be smaller than 32cm-1。
A kind of explosive flame burning velocity measurement method, high-speed CCD carry out high-speed image sampling to blast process, collect
Different moments image and by its through USB synchronous transfer to the end computer PC carry out image procossing, obtain different moments explosive field
The information such as range, blast fireball flame size are handled using image segmentation and feature extraction, are obtained flame field and are changed with time
Information finally solves flame range size and burning velocity information, and specific operating procedure is as follows:
S1, the back focal length for adjusting Cassegrain telescope, make it to explosive test position blur-free imaging；
S2, high-speed CCD carry out Image Acquisition to explosive field；
The image that S3, high-speed CCD acquire is acquired in data and is cached in control module；
S4, data acquisition and control module by image transmitting to control the end computer PC；
S5, the end computer PC carry out image procossing: image segmentation and feature extraction obtain different moments explosive flame image letter
Breath；
S6, by the flame image of the different moments obtained in S5, calculate flame velocity and flame range parameter；
S7, explosive flame burning velocity, range parameter are displayed and store.
A kind of explosive flame combustion temperature measurement method, on the basis of measurement obtains ultra high-speed optical spectrum analysis, in computer PC
Hold (20) by realizing that the temperature of explosive field flame is surveyed to explosive flame spectral emissivity fitting operation and absolute radiometric calibration
Amount, specific implementation step are as follows:
S1, it determines spectral emissivity under Single wavelength, refers specifically to measured target and synthermal lower standard blackbody spoke under Single wavelength
Penetrate the ratio of power, it may be assumed that
In formula, L0(λ, T) is the spectral radiance of standard blackbody, Lt(λ, T) is the explosive flame light to be measured that temperature is T
Radiance is composed, ε (λ, T) is synthermal explosive flame spectral emissivity to be measured；λ is the spectral wavelength that measurement is selected.
S2, explosive flame spectral emissivity model is established, be expressed as
ε (λ, T)=exp (α0+α1λ+α2λ2+…+αmλm) [2]
In formula, α0,α1,…,αmFor the coefficient of spectral emissivity the Fitting Calculation.
S3, the spectral responsivity coefficient that each channel is obtained using standard blackbody source calibration, the output signal in each channel are as follows:
In formula, Ri(λ) is the spectral response functions of equipment, λ1And λ2Respectively choose the lower limit in measure spectrum channel and upper
Limit value.
According to INTEGRAL THEOREM OF MEAN, because integral term is continuous, Integral Mean Value is certainly existed, so that
Vib(λ)=Ki·L0(λ,T) [4]
In formula, KiFor the spectral responsivity in each channel of equipment, for determining optical system, detector and preposition amplification
Times, KiIt is determining constant amount, is calibrated and obtained using standard blackbody；
S4, the spectrum of explosion radiation source is obtained in conjunction with each spectroscopic data according to the spectral responsivity coefficient calibrated
Radiance:
According to mean-value theorem for first integral, and assume that ε (λ, T) changes slowly in each spectrum channel bandwidth, therefore, has
Following relationship:
S5, Simultaneous Equations solve spectral emissivity and explosive flame temperature:
In formula, c1For second radiation constant, c2For first radiation constant, λiFor the spectral centroid wavelength in i-th of channel.
Defining constant term isThen formula [8] simplifies are as follows:
S6, n equation is had according to the central wavelength in formula [9] corresponding n channel:
N >=m+2 is taken, i-th of spectrum channel output signal for obtaining certain moment is measured by ultrahigh speed spectral measurement device
Vit, processing calculating is carried out to spectrum measuring data using linear least square, can be obtained the temperature of explosive flame different moments
T is spent, and records blast process Flame temperature and changes with time process, temperature T is obtained and changes over time curve.
Compared with prior art, the advantageous effect of present invention is that:
The present invention provides a kind of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature measuring device and measurement method, wherein explosive flame
Burning velocity using high-speed CCD obtain.High-speed CCD can carry out high speed blur-free imaging to explosive flame, to explosive flame figure
Combustion field flame distribution is obtained as carrying out analysis, different moments image is analyzed and more just can be realized explosive flame burning
The measurement of speed is analyzed；The ignition temperature of explosive flame is obtained using ultra high-speed optical spectral analysis technology.Ultra high-speed optical spectrum analysis
Core is that the ultrahigh speed interference signal acquisition speed with musec order can be realized quick-fried using light modulation intervention module is played
Fried burning spectral measurement, has the advantages that spectral measurement speed is fast, spectral region is wide, spectral resolution is high；The device is using high
Fast CCD and ultra high-speed optical spectral analysis technology can obtain the burning field picture and spectral information of explosive flame simultaneously, can be simultaneously
It realizes the measurement of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature, and realizes the non-contact telemetering of burning velocity and temperature；By computer
Processor completes the processing of flame image and spectroscopic data in the end PC, and final solve obtains explosive flame burning velocity and temperature,
And then store and show at the end computer PC.This measuring device and method, movement-less part, stability is good, has telemetering energy
Power, environmental suitability are strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the measuring device structural schematic diagram of explosive flame burning velocity provided by the invention and temperature；
Fig. 2 is data acquisition and control module schematic diagram.
In figure: 1 be Cassegrain telescope, 2 be long wave lead to dichroscope, 3 be high-speed CCD, 4 be the first off-axis parabolic
Mirror, 5 be the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror, 6 be third off-axis paraboloidal mirror, 7 be golden reflecting mirror, 8 be the first infrared polarization piece, 9 be reference
Laser, 10 for the first silver medal reflecting mirror, 11 be the first polarizing film, 12 be the second silver medal reflecting mirror, 13 be play light modulation intervention module, 14
It is the second polarizing film for the 4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror, 15,16 be high-speed silicon optical detector, 17 be the second infrared polarization piece, 18 is high
Rapidly become popular external detector, 19 be data acquisition with control module, 20 be the end computer PC.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of measuring device of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature, including Cassegrain telescope 1, length
Wave leads to dichroscope 2, high-speed CCD 3, the first off-axis paraboloidal mirror 4, the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror 5, third off-axis paraboloidal mirror 6, gold reflection
Mirror 7, the first infrared polarization piece 8 play light modulation intervention module 13, the 4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror 14, the second infrared polarization piece 17, high speed
Infrared detector 18, data acquisition and control module 19 and the end computer PC 20；
The light that explosive field combustion flame issues is collected through Cassegrain telescope 1 enters measuring device, and long wave leads to dichroic
Light beam is divided into visible light and infrared light by mirror 2, it is seen that light part, which is reflected, converges to high-speed CCD 3, and 3 pairs of high-speed CCD exploded
Cheng Jinhang high-speed image sampling, and through USB by the picture synchronization transmission of acquisition to the end computer PC 20；Infrared portions enter spectrum
Measuring device collimates shrink beam through the first off-axis paraboloidal mirror 4, the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror 5, third off-axis paraboloidal mirror 6 and reflexes to gold
Reflecting mirror 7 reflexes to the first infrared polarization piece 8 through golden reflecting mirror 7, projectile light modulation intervention module 13 is entered after polarizing, through bullet
Light modulation intervention module 13 is emitted to the 4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror 14 after modulating, and is reflected into the outgoing of the second infrared polarization piece 17 and obtained
High frequency interference signal is obtained, after the reception of high speed IR detector 18, data acquisition and control module 19 is transmitted to, is converted to number
The end computer PC 20 is transmitted to after signal.
In the present embodiment, 1 bore of the Cassegrain telescope >=250mm, in order to obtain higher measurement sensitivity,
The luminous flux of incidence system, focus adjustable are improved as far as possible.
In the present embodiment, frame frequency speed >=5000fps of the high-speed CCD 3, high-speed CCD 3 carry out blast process
High-speed image sampling, and the picture synchronization transmission of acquisition to the end computer PC 20 is subjected to image procossing through USB, obtain different moments
The information such as explosive field range, blast fireball flame size.Using the processing method of image segmentation and feature extraction, flame field is obtained
Change with time information, finally solves flame range size and burning velocity information, and specific operating procedure is as follows:
S1, the back focal length for adjusting Cassegrain telescope 1, make it to explosive test position blur-free imaging；
S2, high-speed CCD 3 carry out Image Acquisition to explosive field；
The image that S3, high-speed CCD 3 acquire is acquired in data and is cached in control module 19；
S4, data are acquired image transmitting with control module 19 to the control end computer PC 20, and carry out image procossing；
S5, the end computer PC 20 carry out image procossing: image segmentation and feature extraction obtain different moments explosive flame image
Information；
S6, by the flame image of the different moments obtained in S5, calculate flame velocity and flame range parameter；
S7, explosive flame burning velocity, range parameter display and store.
In the present embodiment, first off-axis paraboloidal mirror 4, the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror 5,6 focal length of third off-axis paraboloidal mirror
Difference makes the explosive field combustion flame light collimation shrink beam for leading to the transmission of dichroscope 2 through long wave, and is incident on ultra high-speed optical spectrometry
Device.Long wave leads to dichroscope 2 and light beam mid-infrared light part is emitted to the first off-axis paraboloidal mirror 4, be reflected into second from
Axis parabolic lens 5, then it is reflected into third off-axis paraboloidal mirror 6, then reflected golden reflecting mirror 7, secondary optical path in the process is in M type, light
Road reflection front and back is mutually perpendicular to.
In the present embodiment, the ultrahigh speed spectral measurement device further includes reference laser 9, and the reference laser 9 is selected
Narrow linewidth, the 632.8nm He-Ne Lasers of stabilized intensity；Light modulation intervention module 13 is played by collected explosive field Fire Radiation
Infrared optical interference signals are fourier transformed inverting and obtain radiation spectrum, explosive field burning infrared light incident light spectrum measuring device
Meanwhile 9 incident light spectrum measuring device of reference laser, to carry out maximum optical path difference calibration, reference laser 9 is through the first silver medal reflecting mirror
10 reflex to the first polarizing film 11, and the second silver medal reflecting mirror 12 is incident to after polarizing, and are reflexed to and play light modulation intervention module 13
Maximum optical path difference calibration is carried out, the 4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror 14 is emitted to, after the second polarizing film 15 to high-speed silicon optical detector 16,
It is transmitted to data acquisition and control module 19 and the end computer PC 20；Zero-cross comparator is carried out to laser interference signal at the end computer PC 20
Maximum optical path difference is demarcated, and then nonuniform fast Fourier transform is carried out to infra-red radiation optical interference signals and obtains explosive flame light
Spectrum.
As shown in Fig. 2, the data acquisition includes two-way high-speed AD converter (ADC), FPGA control with control module 19
Molding block and cache module, two-way high-speed AD converter receive high-speed silicon photodetector signal all the way, and another way receives high speed
Infrared detector signal, and data conversion is carried out, the data of conversion are stored in the data buffer storage realized by FPGA control module
Module, then it is transmitted to the end computer PC through USB or Serial Port Line, realize reference laser interference signal and the infrared optical interference signals that explode
Acquisition in real time and storage.
The the first infrared polarization piece 8 placed before and after the bullet light modulation intervention module 13 is saturating with the second infrared polarization piece 17
Optical axis is mutually perpendicular to, the light transmission shaft of the first infrared polarization piece 8 and the second infrared polarization piece 17 respectively with play light modulation intervention module
13 fast axis direction angle at 45 °.Its core for being hit by a bullet light modulation intervention module 13 is based on the big of synthetic birefringence effect design
Optical path difference bullet optical modulator generally may be selected multiple formula reflection and play optical modulator, virtually pile up bullet optical modulator or multiple bullet light
Modulator cascade；The bullet light modulation intervention module 13 work is in resonant state, resonance frequency f=50kHz, vibration period
S=20 μ s, interference signal acquisition time are 10 μ s；It plays light modulation intervention module 13 and modulates optical path difference in periodic sinusoidal variation.
The modulated high frequency interference signal of light modulation intervention module 13 is played by 18 turns of high speed infrared photodetector
It changes, and the high-speed AD converter ADC through data acquisition and control module 19 is converted to digital signal, ultra high-speed optical spectrometry dress
The measure spectrum range set is 2-12 μm.The work of light modulation intervention module 13 is played in resonant state, modulates optical path difference in periodically
Sinusoidal variations.If incident light wave number is the light of υ, by playing the modulated phase difference of light modulation intervention module 13 are as follows: δ (υ, t)=2
πLmaxυ sin (2 π ft), wherein LmaxFor maximum optical path difference.The infrared signal of explosive field Fire Radiation changes in periodic sinusoidal
Nonlinear change under optical path difference, it is most strong in the corresponding location conflicts signal of zero optical path difference, and in an optical path difference modulation period
The complete interference signal figure of two width of interior acquisition, then by the infrared optical interference signals of collected explosive field Fire Radiation through in Fu
Leaf transformation inverting obtains radiation spectrum.The interference signal intensity that high speed infrared photodetector 18 obtains are as follows:
Therefore, the interference signal acquisition time for playing light modulation type spectral measurement device is generally 10 μ s.It will be collected quick-fried
The infrared optical interference signals of fried field Fire Radiation are fourier transformed (FT) inverting and obtain radiation spectrum, using the helium of 632.8nm
Ne laser 9 enters projectile light modulation intervention module simultaneously and carries out maximum optical path difference calibration to it, and determining calibration method is to reference laser
Interference signal carry out photoelectric conversion, then carry out Zero-cross comparator, and complete in FPGA corresponding complete in half of drive cycle
Whole reference laser interference signal number is N, so obtaining maximum optical path difference are as follows:
In formula, λrefFor the wavelength of reference laser, spectrum to be measured can be obtained by carrying out Fourier transformation to interference signal:
In formula, υ is the wave number of explosive flame infrared light, and t is the modulation time for playing light modulation intervention module；
In conjunction with the modulation format for playing optical modulator module optical path difference, using non-homogeneous fast after acquisition modulation module maximum optical path difference
Fast Fourier transformation (NUFFT) just can obtain spectrum to be measured.Spectral resolution is adjustable according to maximum optical path difference, generally less than
32cm-1。
Therefore, on the basis of measurement obtains ultra high-speed optical spectrum analysis, at the end computer PC 20 by sending out explosive flame spectrum
Rate fitting operation and absolute radiometric calibration are penetrated to realize the temperature measurement of explosive field flame, specific implementation step is as follows:
S1, it determines spectral emissivity under Single wavelength, refers specifically to measured target and synthermal lower standard blackbody spoke under Single wavelength
The ratio of power is penetrated, i.e.,
In formula, L0(λ, T) is the spectral radiance of standard blackbody, Lt(λ, T) is the explosive flame light to be measured that temperature is T
Radiance is composed, ε (λ, T) is synthermal explosive flame spectral emissivity to be measured；λ is the spectral wavelength that measurement is selected；
According to planck formula:
In formula, c1For first radiation constant, c1=3.7418 × 10-16Wm2；c2For second radiation constant, c2=1.4388 ×
10-2mK；
S2, explosive flame spectral emissivity model is established, be expressed as
ε (λ, T)=exp (α0+α1λ+α2λ2+…+αmλm) [2]
In formula, α0,α1,…,αmFor the coefficient of spectral emissivity the Fitting Calculation.
S3, the spectral responsivity coefficient that each channel is obtained using standard blackbody source calibration, the output signal in each channel are as follows:
In formula, Ri(λ) is the spectral response functions of equipment, λ1And λ2Respectively choose the lower limit in measure spectrum channel and upper
Limit value.
According to INTEGRAL THEOREM OF MEAN, because integral term is continuous, Integral Mean Value is certainly existed, so that
Vib(λ)=Ki·L0(λ,T) [4]
In formula, KiFor the spectral responsivity in each channel of equipment, for determining optical system, detector and preposition amplification
Times, KiIt is determining constant amount, is calibrated and obtained using standard blackbody；
S4, the spectrum of explosion radiation source is obtained in conjunction with each spectroscopic data according to the spectral responsivity coefficient calibrated
Radiance
According to mean-value theorem for first integral, and assume that ε (λ, T) changes slowly in each spectrum channel bandwidth, therefore, has
Following relationship
Vit(λ)=ε (λ, T) Ki·L0(λ,T) [6]
S5, Simultaneous Equations solve spectral emissivity and explosive flame temperature, have
In formula, c1For second radiation constant, c2For first radiation constant, λiFor the spectral centroid wavelength in i-th of channel.
Defining constant term isThen formula [8] simplifies are as follows:
S6, n equation is had according to the central wavelength in formula [9] corresponding n channel:
Unknown number is α0-αmAnd temperature T, ordinary circumstance take n >=m+2, obtain certain by the measurement of ultrahigh speed spectral measurement device
I-th of spectrum channel output signal V at momentit, processing calculating is carried out to spectrum measuring data using linear least square, i.e.,
It can get the temperature T of explosive flame different moments, and record blast process Flame temperature and change with time process, obtain temperature
Degree T changes over time curve.Because it is dry to play light modulation to play light modulation intervention module as core for optical spectrum instrumentation described in this patent
The time for relating to signal acquisition is 10s, so the temperature measurement time high resolution of explosive flame reaches 10s.Wherein, ultrahigh speed spectrum
Measuring device is red including the first off-axis paraboloidal mirror 4, the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror 5, third off-axis paraboloidal mirror 6, golden reflecting mirror 7, first
Outer polarizing film 8 plays light modulation intervention module 13, the 4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror 14, the second infrared polarization piece 17, high speed IR detector
18, data acquisition and control module 19 and the end computer PC 20.
Only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment,
Within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art, it can also make without departing from the purpose of the present invention each
Kind variation, various change should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity and temperature measuring device, it is characterised in that: including Cassegrain telescope (1), length
Wave leads to dichroscope (2), high-speed CCD (3), the first off-axis paraboloidal mirror (4), the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror (5), third off-axis paraboloidal mirror
(6), golden reflecting mirror (7), the first infrared polarization piece (8), play light modulation intervention module (13), the 4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror (14), the
Two infrared polarization pieces (17), high speed IR detector (18), data acquisition and control module (19) and the end computer PC (20)；
The light that explosive field combustion flame issues is collected through Cassegrain telescope (1) enters measuring device, and long wave leads to dichroscope
(2) light beam is divided into visible light and infrared light, it is seen that light part, which is reflected, to be converged to high-speed CCD (3), and high-speed CCD (3) is to explosion
Process carries out high-speed image sampling, and through USB by the picture synchronization transmission of acquisition to the end computer PC (20)；Infrared portions enter
Ultrahigh speed spectral measurement device, detailed process are infrared light through the first off-axis paraboloidal mirror (4), the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror (5), the
Three off-axis paraboloidal mirrors (6) collimation shrink beam simultaneously reflexes to golden reflecting mirror (7), reflexes to the first infrared polarization piece through golden reflecting mirror (7)
(8), projectile light modulation intervention module (13) is entered after polarizing, through play light modulation intervention module (13) modulation after be emitted to the 4th from
Axis parabolic lens (14) is reflected into the outgoing of the second infrared polarization piece (17) and obtains high frequency interference signal, detected through high speed infrared
After device (18) receives, data acquisition and control module (19) are transmitted to, are transmitted to the end computer PC (20) after being converted to digital signal.
2. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity according to claim 1 and temperature measuring device, it is characterised in that: the card
Fill in Green's telescope (1) bore >=250mm, focus adjustable；Frame frequency speed >=5000fps of the high-speed CCD (3).
3. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity according to claim 1 and temperature measuring device, it is characterised in that: described
The light transmission shaft of one infrared polarization piece (8) and the second infrared polarization piece (17) is mutually perpendicular to, the first infrared polarization piece (8) and second red
The light transmission shaft of outer polarizing film (17) respectively with play light modulation intervention module (13) fast axis direction angle at 45 °.
4. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity according to claim 1 and temperature measuring device, it is characterised in that: described
One off-axis paraboloidal mirror (4), the second off-axis paraboloidal mirror (5), third off-axis paraboloidal mirror (6) focal length are different, make to lead to dichroic through long wave
The explosive field combustion flame light of mirror (2) transmission collimates shrink beam, and is incident on ultra high-speed optical spectrometry device.
5. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity according to claim 1 and temperature measuring device, it is characterised in that: the bullet
Light modulation intervention module (13) plays optical modulator using the reflection of multiple formula, virtually piles up bullet optical modulator or multiple bullet optical modulators
Cascade；
Bullet light modulation intervention module (13) work is in resonant state, resonance frequency f=50kHz, vibration period S=20
μ s, interference signal acquisition time are 10 μ s；It plays light modulation intervention module (13) modulation optical path difference to change in periodic sinusoidal, explosion
The infrared signal of Fire Radiation nonlinear change in the case where periodic sinusoidal changes optical path difference, in an optical path difference modulation period
The complete interference signal figure of two width of interior acquisition, then by the infrared optical interference signals of collected explosive field Fire Radiation through in Fu
Leaf transformation inverting obtains radiation spectrum.
6. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity according to claim 1 and temperature measuring device, it is characterised in that: the number
Include two-way high-speed AD converter, FPGA control module and cache module according to acquisition and control module (19), realizes with reference to sharp
The real-time acquisition and storage of optical interference signals and the infrared optical interference signals of explosion, and the end computer PC is transmitted to through USB or Serial Port Line.
7. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity according to claim 1 and temperature measuring device, it is characterised in that: described super
High speed spectral measurement device further includes reference laser (9), and the reference laser (9) selects narrow linewidth, the 632.8nm of stabilized intensity
He-Ne Lasers；
While explosive field burns infrared light incident light spectrum measuring device, reference laser (9) incident light spectrum measuring device, so as to
Maximum optical path difference calibration is carried out, reference laser (9) reflexes to the first polarizing film (11) through the first silver medal reflecting mirror (10), after polarizing
It is incident to the second silver medal reflecting mirror (12), is reflexed to and plays light modulation intervention module (13) progress maximum optical path difference calibration, be emitted to
4th off-axis paraboloidal mirror (14) is transmitted to data acquisition and control after the second polarizing film (15) to high-speed silicon optical detector (16)
Molding block (19) and the end computer PC (20).
8. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity according to claim 7 and temperature measuring device, it is characterised in that: described fixed
Mark method specifically: the interference signal to reference laser (9) carries out photoelectric conversion at the end computer PC (20), then carries out zero passage ratio
Compared with, and completing corresponding complete reference laser interference signal number in half of drive cycle in FPGA is N, obtains maximum light path
Difference are as follows:
In formula, λrefFor the wavelength of reference laser；
Spectrum to be measured can be obtained by carrying out Fourier transformation to interference signal:
In formula, υ is the wave number of explosive flame infrared light, and t is the modulation time for playing light modulation intervention module；
In conjunction with the modulation format for playing light modulation intervention module optical path difference, using non-homogeneous fast after acquisition modulation module maximum optical path difference
Fast Fourier transformation just can obtain spectrum to be measured, and spectral resolution is adjustable according to maximum optical path difference, and spectral resolution is less than
32cm-1。
9. a kind of explosive flame burning velocity measurement method, it is characterised in that: high-speed CCD (3) carries out high speed figure to blast process
The picture synchronization transmission of acquisition to the end computer PC (20) is subjected to image procossing as acquisition, and through USB, obtains different moments explosion
Field range, blast fireball flame size information, are handled using image segmentation and feature extraction, are obtained flame field and are changed with time
Information finally solves flame range size and burning velocity information, and specific operating procedure is as follows:
S1, the back focal length for adjusting Cassegrain telescope (1), make it to explosive test position blur-free imaging；
S2, high-speed CCD (3) carry out Image Acquisition to explosive field；
The image that S3, high-speed CCD (3) acquire is acquired in data and is cached in control module (19)；
S4, data acquisition with control module (19) by image transmitting to control the end computer PC (20)；
S5, the end computer PC (20) carry out image procossing: image segmentation and feature extraction obtain different moments explosive flame image letter
Breath；
S6, by the flame image of the different moments obtained in S5, calculate flame velocity and flame range parameter；
S7, explosive flame burning velocity, range parameter are displayed and store.
10. a kind of explosive flame combustion temperature measurement method, it is characterised in that: pass through at the end computer PC (20) to explosive flame light
Emissivity fitting operation and absolute radiometric calibration are composed, realizes the temperature measurement of explosive field flame, specific implementation step is as follows:
S1, spectral emissivity under Single wavelength is determined:
In formula, L0(λ, T) is the spectral radiance of standard blackbody, Lt(λ, T) is the explosive flame spectrum spoke to be measured that temperature is T
Brightness is penetrated, ε (λ, T) is synthermal explosive flame spectral emissivity to be measured；λ is the spectral wavelength that measurement is selected；
S2, explosive flame spectral emissivity model is established, be expressed as
ε (λ, T)=exp (α0+α1λ+α2λ2+…+αmλm) [2]
In formula, α0,α1,…,αmFor the coefficient of spectral emissivity the Fitting Calculation；
S3, the spectral responsivity coefficient that each channel is obtained using standard blackbody source calibration, the output signal in each channel are as follows:
In formula, Ri(λ) is the spectral response functions of equipment, λ1And λ2Respectively choose the lower and upper limit value in measure spectrum channel；
According to INTEGRAL THEOREM OF MEAN, because integral term is continuous, Integral Mean Value is certainly existed, so that
Vib(λ)=Ki·L0(λ,T) [4]
In formula, KiFor the spectral responsivity in each channel of equipment；
S4, the spectral radiance of explosion radiation source is obtained in conjunction with each spectroscopic data according to the spectral responsivity coefficient calibrated
Brightness:
According to mean-value theorem for first integral, and assume that ε (λ, T) changes slowly in each spectrum channel bandwidth, therefore, has following
Relationship:
S5, Simultaneous Equations solve spectral emissivity and explosive flame temperature:
In formula, c1For second radiation constant, c2For first radiation constant, λiFor the spectral centroid wavelength in i-th of channel；
Defining constant term isThen formula [8] simplifies are as follows:
S6, n equation is had according to the central wavelength in formula [9] corresponding n channel:
N >=m+2 is taken, i-th of spectrum channel output signal V for obtaining certain moment is measured by ultrahigh speed spectral measurement deviceit, benefit
Processing calculating is carried out to spectrum measuring data with linear least square, can be obtained the temperature T of explosive flame different moments, and
Record blast process Flame temperature changes with time process, obtains temperature T and changes over time curve.
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