CN110484322A - 一种可燃垃圾集中固化块的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可燃垃圾集中固化块的制造方法,通过制造无毒、助燃、自身可燃、具有胶粘性能、低成本的垃圾处理液固化可燃垃圾,然后机械切割成可称重的标准块实现,使用时将可燃垃圾集中固化块与其质量X计7X m3/kg的空气混合燃烧实现最终的技术目的。本发明助燃、胶粘性好、低成本、本身可燃、无异味。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种可燃垃圾集中固化块的制造方法。
背景技术
按照《城市生活垃圾分类及其评价标准》(CJJ/T102-2004)规定,我国将城市生活垃圾分为六类:可回收物、大件垃圾、可堆肥垃圾、可燃垃圾、有害垃圾、其他垃圾。可燃垃圾是指可以燃烧的垃圾。包括植物类垃圾,不适宜回收的废纸类、废塑料橡胶、旧织物用品、废木等。虽然目前我国并没有将居民投放的垃圾详细地归分为六类,但可燃垃圾几乎全在(除厕所用纸外)可回收物(瓦愣纸、塑料袋等)里面,且易于与不可燃垃圾或高回收价值物品(金属制品、塑料瓶等)分离,随着我国环保事业的加速发展,各省都在规划建立本省的垃圾焚烧发电站,但由于垃圾种类不一且单位重量燃烧热量低,其发电效率低于煤炭或天然气等火力发电,未充分燃烧的有毒有害气体(如一氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化硫等)排放比率较高,最重量要的是,目前可燃物垃圾含有大量零碎纸屑、塑料片等,不易整理、清运和投放燃烧(无法精确控制投入物与通入氧气的比例,导致燃烧室工艺可控性差,要么燃烧不完全,要么可燃物不够浪费产能)。
因此,市面上急需一种助燃、胶粘性好、低成本、本身可燃、无异味的可燃垃圾集中固化块制造方法。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种助燃、胶粘性好、低成本、本身可燃、无异味的可燃垃圾集中固化块制造方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种可燃垃圾集中固化块的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1)原料准备
①原材料准备:按重量份准备干燥可燃物垃圾5000份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.7份-0.9份、聚乙烯醇38份-40份、36%的浓盐酸3份-3.5份、甲醛19份-22份、三氯化铁粉末3份-5份、碳化硼粉末1.2份-1.5份、硫酸铵晶体颗粒1份-1.2份、石墨粉3份-5份、马铃薯淀粉100份-120份、丙烯酰胺单体20份-22份、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺1份-1.2份、氟橡胶胶浆20份-25份;
②辅材准备:准备足量去离子水、足量10%氢氧化钠水溶液;
2)预处理
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的三氯化铁粉末、碳化硼粉末、石墨粉分别球磨至颗粒直径0.8μm-2μm,获得三氯化铁精研粉末、碳化硼精研粉末、精研石墨粉;
3)处理液基液制备
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的马铃薯淀粉、丙烯酰胺单体混合均匀后溶入混合物质量2.5倍-3倍的去离子水中,获得单体水溶液;
②将阶段1)步骤①准备的硫酸铵晶体、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺投入步骤①获得的单体水溶液中,反应预聚后,获得预处理基液;
③在步骤②获得的预处理基液内缓慢加入阶段2)步骤①获得的碳化硼精研粉末,搅拌均匀,加热至40℃-45℃去除水,至水质量分数降至55%-60%,获得处理液基液;
4)助燃固型处理液制造
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的聚乙烯醇与其质量5倍-6倍的去离子水混合均匀,加热至93℃-95℃,并搅拌至聚乙烯醇完全溶入水中,然后在溶液中加入阶段1)步骤①准备的浓盐酸和甲醛,升温至96℃-98℃,进行脱水缩醛反应,获得酸性聚合物溶液;
②采用阶段1)步骤②准备的氢氧化钠水溶液中和步骤①获得的酸性聚合物溶液,中和至PH6.5-7,然后蒸离水份至溶液体积降为原体积的3/5-2/3,然后自然静置冷却至室温,获得聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶体溶液;
③将步骤②获得的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶体溶液、阶段1)步骤①准备的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和氟橡胶胶浆、阶段2)步骤①获得的三氯化铁精研粉末和精研石墨粉、阶段3)步骤③获得的处理液基液全部混合均匀,加热至55℃-60℃,至混合液运动粘度升至55mm2/s-70mm2/s,获得助燃固型处理液;
5)可燃垃圾集中固化块制造
①将阶段1)步骤1准备的干燥可燃物垃圾压紧至空气的体积密度25%-30%,获得压缩垃圾堆;
②将阶段4)步骤③获得的助燃固型处理液均匀喷洒在步骤①获得的压缩垃圾堆上表面,至其自然浸渗并固结完毕,获得固化垃圾堆;
③将步骤②获得的固化垃圾堆机械切块成(1m-1.2m)×(1m-1.2m)×(1m-1.2m)体积的标准块,将获得的标准块自然晾干自水含量降低至1%-3%,即获得目标可燃垃圾集中固化块。
本发明获得的可燃垃圾集中固化块,以其质量X计,充分燃烧需要空气体积为7Xm3/kg。
与现有技术相比较,本发明具有以下优点:(1)本发明的核心为无毒无异味的可燃助燃功能胶垃圾处理液,该处理液由低成本的原料整合而成(最主要的原料为甲醛、植物淀粉、聚乙烯醇和丙烯酰胺,其它的也都是工业常用原料或主流化品产品的副产品等),经济且环保,更重要的是,垃圾处理液本身燃烧释放的热量且不论,处理液完全干结后淀粉的燃烧伴随着大量微观上的爆炸,能极大地促进燃烧材料内的空气流通和提升充分燃烧的比率。(2)本发明的胶粘剂实际上是聚丙烯酰胺、氟橡胶、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛和植物淀粉胶四套胶质系统在多种功能成份(硫酸铵、三氯化铁、浓盐酸)溶促体系下经过多重交联及复杂复合反应下获得的成份复杂的综合胶粘剂,具有高的热值(主要是氟橡胶体系)、适当的粘度(聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚丙烯酰胺提供的增稠作用、和植物淀粉胶)、高渗透能力(石墨粉的降粘作用和碳化硼提供的均匀微气孔体系),因此能实现固化可燃垃圾的作用。(3)本发明更难得的是在胶粘的同时能帮助提升可燃垃圾的燃烧性能,主要通过以下几个方面实现:一是干淀粉燃烧带来的粉尘燃爆作用促进了空气流通;二是三价铁离子降低了可燃垃圾的着火温度,提高了低温燃烧过程的燃烧速率、提高了可燃垃圾燃烧过程中的挥发分比率;三是碳化硼带来的燃烧中的均温储能性能和胶体中的均匀细密气孔;四是石墨粉的引燃作用和燃爆性能。因而本发明具有助燃、胶粘性好、低成本、本身可燃、无异味的特性。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种可燃垃圾集中固化块的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1、将三氯化铁粉末5kg、碳化硼粉末1.4kg、石墨粉5kg分别球磨至颗粒直径0.8μm-2μm,获得三氯化铁精研粉末、碳化硼精研粉末、精研石墨粉;
2、将马铃薯淀粉100kg、丙烯酰胺单体21kg混合均匀后溶入300kg的去离子水中,获得单体水溶液,在单体水溶液中投入硫酸铵晶体1.1kg、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺1.2kg,预聚反应完全后投入碳化硼精研粉末,搅拌均匀,加热至40℃-45℃去除水,至水质量分数降至55%-60%,获得处理液基液;
3、将聚乙烯醇38kg与200kg的去离子水混合均匀,加热至93℃-95℃,并搅拌至聚乙烯醇完全溶入水中,然后在溶液中加入36%的浓盐酸3.2kg和甲醛20kg,升温至96℃-98℃,进行脱水缩醛反应,获得酸性聚合物溶液,采用适量10%氢氧化钠水溶液中和酸性聚合物溶液,中和至PH6.5-7,蒸离水分至溶液体积降为原体积的3/5-2/3,冷却后获得聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶体溶液,在聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶体溶液中投入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.8kg、氟橡胶胶浆24kg和之前获得的三氯化铁精研粉末、精研石墨粉、处理液基液全部混合均匀,加热至55℃-60℃,至混合液运动粘度升至55mm2/s-70mm2/s,获得助燃固型处理液;
4、将收集好的干燥可燃垃圾5吨压紧至垃圾中空气的体积密度25%-30%,采用助燃固型处理液均匀喷洒压缩垃圾堆上表面,至其自然浸渗并固结完毕,获得固化垃圾堆;将固化垃圾堆机械切块成(1m-1.2m)×(1m-1.2m)×(1m-1.2m)体积的标准块,将获得的标准块自然晾干自水含量降低至1%-3%,即获得目标可燃垃圾集中固化块。
本实施例获得的可燃垃圾集中固化块,以其质量X计,充分燃烧需要空气体积为不低于7X m3/kg,其燃烧效率较现有垃圾焚烧技术平均水平提升13%-17%,设备空置率降低8%-10%,有毒有害废气产生率较现有垃圾焚烧技术平均水平下降32%-37%,实现了工艺可控、能量收集计划可控、垃圾处理速度可控,下同。
实施例2:
整体与实施例1一致,差异之处在于:
原料的种类及其重量分别为:干燥可燃物垃圾5吨、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.7kg、聚乙烯醇38kg、36%的浓盐酸3kg、甲醛19kg、三氯化铁粉末5kg、碳化硼粉末1.5kg、硫酸铵晶体颗粒1.2kg、石墨粉5kg、马铃薯淀粉120kg、丙烯酰胺单体22kg、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺1.2kg、氟橡胶胶浆25kg;
实施例3:
原料的种类及其重量分别为:干燥可燃物垃圾5吨、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.9kg、聚乙烯醇40kg、36%的浓盐酸3.5kg、甲醛22kg、三氯化铁粉末3kg、碳化硼粉末1.2kg、硫酸铵晶体颗粒1kg、石墨粉3kg、马铃薯淀粉100kg、丙烯酰胺单体20kg、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺1kg、氟橡胶胶浆20kg;
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,仅为了使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种可燃垃圾集中固化块的制造方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)原料准备
①原材料准备:按重量份准备干燥可燃物垃圾5000份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.7份-0.9份、聚乙烯醇38份-40份、36%的浓盐酸3份-3.5份、甲醛19份-22份、三氯化铁粉末3份-5份、碳化硼粉末1.2份-1.5份、硫酸铵晶体颗粒1份-1.2份、石墨粉3份-5份、马铃薯淀粉100份-120份、丙烯酰胺单体20份-22份、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺1份-1.2份、氟橡胶胶浆20份-25份;
②辅材准备:准备足量去离子水、足量10%氢氧化钠水溶液;
2)预处理
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的三氯化铁粉末、碳化硼粉末、石墨粉分别球磨至颗粒直径0.8μm-2μm,获得三氯化铁精研粉末、碳化硼精研粉末、精研石墨粉;
3)处理液基液制备
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的马铃薯淀粉、丙烯酰胺单体混合均匀后溶入混合物质量2.5倍-3倍的去离子水中,获得单体水溶液;
②将阶段1)步骤①准备的硫酸铵晶体、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺投入步骤①获得的单体水溶液中,反应预聚后,获得预处理基液;
③在步骤②获得的预处理基液内缓慢加入阶段2)步骤①获得的碳化硼精研粉末,搅拌均匀,加热至40℃-45℃去除水,至水质量分数降至55%-60%,获得处理液基液;
4)助燃固型处理液制造
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的聚乙烯醇与其质量5倍-6倍的去离子水混合均匀,加热至93℃-95℃,并搅拌至聚乙烯醇完全溶入水中,然后在溶液中加入阶段1)步骤①准备的浓盐酸和甲醛,升温至96℃-98℃,进行脱水缩醛反应,获得酸性聚合物溶液;
②采用阶段1)步骤②准备的氢氧化钠水溶液中和步骤①获得的酸性聚合物溶液,中和至PH6.5-7,然后蒸离水份至溶液体积降为原体积的3/5-2/3,然后自然静置冷却至室温,获得聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶体溶液;
③将步骤②获得的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶体溶液、阶段1)步骤①准备的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和氟橡胶胶浆、阶段2)步骤①获得的三氯化铁精研粉末和精研石墨粉、阶段3)步骤③获得的处理液基液全部混合均匀,加热至55℃-60℃,至混合液运动粘度升至55mm2/s-70mm2/s,获得助燃固型处理液;
5)可燃垃圾集中固化块制造
①将阶段1)步骤1准备的干燥可燃物垃圾压紧至空气的体积密度25%-30%,获得压缩垃圾堆;
②将阶段4)步骤③获得的助燃固型处理液均匀喷洒在步骤①获得的压缩垃圾堆上表面,至其自然浸渗并固结完毕,获得固化垃圾堆;
③将步骤②获得的固化垃圾堆机械切块成(1m-1.2m)×
(1m-1.2m)×(1m-1.2m)体积的标准块,将获得的标准块自然晾干自水含量降低至1%-3%,即获得目标可燃垃圾集中固化块。
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