CN110483764A - 电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子、及其作为果蔬保鲜剂和荔枝保鲜的应用 - Google Patents
电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子、及其作为果蔬保鲜剂和荔枝保鲜的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子、及其作为果蔬保鲜剂和荔枝保鲜的应用，其技术方案包括有通过氨基聚乙二醇诱导的谷氨酸苄酯‑N‑羰基环内酸酐，形成聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物，然后去除聚谷氨酸苄酯端的苄基，形成聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物，然后再与三苯基膦修饰带正点抗氧化在电荷驱动下自组装形成抗氧化纳米粒子。将该纳米粒子用于果蔬保鲜剂可以有效抑制果蔬氧化变质，尤其适合保鲜难度大的荔枝保鲜。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料的应用领域，具体是指一种基于电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子的荔枝保鲜处理方法。
背景技术
荔枝是我国南方主要的经济水果之一，具有较大的种植面积和市场价值。荔枝采后容易发生果皮褐变、并进一步导致果肉溶解和品质劣变，给果农造成大量的经济损失。果实细胞内源氧自由基（ROS）失衡及由此产生的生物大分子的氧化损伤是果实采后品质劣变的内在因素。
发明人在研究中发现虽然内源性抗氧化物累积在机体对抗逆境胁迫（ROS爆发）有重要的功能，但是单纯外源抗氧化物（Vc、BHA、BHT等）处理并不能很好的抑制果实采后衰老和品质劣变的发生。这与外源抗氧化物质无法有效的进入胞内，对抗内源性ROS有关。研究表明不同尺寸的纳米粒子主要通过细胞内吞作用[包括网格蛋白介导的内吞（20<R(半径)<50）、胞饮(50<R<500)、和细胞吞噬作用(R>500 nm)]进行跨膜转运，能够增加细胞对外源抗氧化物的吸收和保护。
目前，果实保鲜处理多以抗菌为主。多数水果保鲜策略在保鲜剂处理前，需要先行杀菌剂（如施保克）浸泡处理。现有专利技术方案所采用的保鲜剂主要成分本身兼具有抗菌效果（如季铵盐），杀菌剂的使用容易带来健康风险。
发明内容
本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子的制备方法，该方法所制备的电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子具有抗氧化物作用，且生物安全性好。
本发明还提供一种果蔬保鲜剂，该果蔬保鲜剂具有抗氧化物作用，且生物安全性好。
本发明还提供一种上述果蔬保鲜剂在荔枝保鲜中的应用方法。
作为本发明的第一个方面，一种电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子的制备方法，其技术方案是该方法包括以下步骤制备：
（1）通过氨基聚乙二醇诱导的谷氨酸苄酯-N-羰基环内酸酐，形成聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物，该聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物的结构式为：
，
该式中m表示聚合度，其数值为15-30；
（2）步骤（1）所制备的聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物在碱性条件下水解，去除聚谷氨酸苄酯端的苄基，形成聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物，该聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物的结构式为：
式中，m表示聚合度，其数值为15-30；
（3）取聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物溶于超纯水中得到PEG-PGA 溶液，该PEG-PGA溶液的浓度0.25 mg/mL-5 mg/mL，取三苯基膦化修饰抗氧化物溶于二甲基亚砜中得到抗氧化物溶液，滴加-该抗氧化物溶液至PEG-PGA 溶液中，然后超声处理，形成电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子。
进一步设置是所述的抗氧化物溶液的滴加量以每1ml的PEG-PGA 溶液中加入的三苯基膦化修饰抗氧化物的质量为 20-500μg 计。
进一步设置是所述的步骤（1）和步骤（2）为：按照浓度为0.06g/ml取谷氨酸苄酯-N-羰基环内酸酐溶于干氮氮二甲基甲酰胺中，并与氨基聚乙二醇混合在氮气保护下反应48小时，反应温度为38℃，透析得到聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物，并在NaOH的作用下去除苄基，形成聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物。
本发明的第二个方面还提供了一种果蔬保鲜剂，其技术方案是该果蔬保鲜剂中包含有所述的电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子。
本发明的第三个方面提供一种如所述的果蔬保鲜剂在荔枝保鲜中的应用方法，将果蔬保鲜剂以水为溶剂配置成保鲜液，以喷洒或者浸泡方式处理待保鲜的荔枝，该保鲜液中电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子的含量为10-100 ppm。
本发明的优点是，合成了一种全新结构且具有抗氧化性功能同时还具有较好生物相容性的电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子，将该纳米粒子用于果蔬保鲜剂可以有效抑制果蔬氧化变质，尤其适合保鲜难度大的荔枝保鲜。具体效果见实施例实验数据。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，根据这些附图获得其他的附图仍属于本发明的范畴。
图1 本发明的制备方法合成路线图；
图2 本发明应用于荔枝保鲜的实验对照设计路线图；
图3 为本发明合成的PEG-PBG嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR图谱；
图4为本发明合成的PEG-PGA嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR图谱；
图5 为本发明合成的PEG-PBG嵌段共聚物和PEG-PGA嵌段共聚物的紫外可见光谱扫描图谱；
图6 为本发明的电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子的TEM图；
图7 本发明应用于荔枝保鲜的三组实验组的效果对照图；
图8本发明应用于荔枝保鲜的三组实验组的丙二醛含量测定图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
本发明实施例中所涉及的物料的中文和英文简写对照说明：
PEG 表示聚乙二醇；
PGA表示聚谷氨酸；
PEG-PGA表示聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物；
PEG-PBG 表示聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物；
MitoQ 表示三苯基膦化修饰抗氧化物；
DMSO 二甲基亚砜。
如图1所示，为本发明实施例中，可将制备过程详细分为以下四个部分：
1、PEG-PGA 两性解离共聚物制备：
通过氨基PEG诱导的谷氨酸苄酯-N-羰基环内酸酐，形成PEG和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物（如上图产物1：PEG-PBG），该共聚物在碱性条件下水解，去除聚谷氨酸苄酯端的苄基，形成PEG-PGA（如上图产物2）的嵌段共聚物。
合成示例如下：取谷氨酸苄酯-N-羰基环内酸酐 1.2克溶于20 mL干氮氮二甲基甲酰胺中，并与氨基PEG混合在氮气保护下反应38度反应48小时。透析得到PEG和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物，并在NaOH的作用下去除苄基，形成PEG-PGA嵌段共聚物。
2、抗氧化物纳米粒子的制备
取PEG-PGA嵌段共聚物，溶于超纯水中。取三苯基膦化修饰抗氧化物（MitoQ），溶于DMSO中，滴加不同量Mito Q/DMSO溶液(含Mito Q 20-500μg)至 1 mL PEG-PGA 溶液（浓度0.25mg/mL-5 mg/mL）中，超声处理（3-10 min），形成纳米粒子。
3、抗氧化纳米粒子保鲜处理
采摘7-8成熟的“槐枝”果实，立即运回实验室，摘单果后用清水洗净，挑选均匀一致的无病、虫、伤的果实，晾干待用。实验分为不处理组（对照），游离药物组（游离抗氧化物），抗氧化物纳米粒子处理组，每个处理选取60个果左右，在5 L（含抗氧化物10-100 ppm）的保鲜液中处理（5-30 min），定期观察和取样分析。
果皮丙二醛（Malonaldehyde，MDA）含量的测定
取适量荔枝果皮冻样，研磨成粉末，过200目筛子。准确称取 0.5 g，加入预冷的 5.0mL 0.05 M PBS 缓冲溶液（pH7.8）和 0.05 g 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP），快速震荡混匀。15000rpm/min 4℃离心 20 min，上清液用于试验测定。取1.0 mL 样品提取液，加入3.0 mL 20%的三氯乙酸溶液（含0.5%的 2-硫代巴比妥酸），沸水浴反应 20 min 后迅速冰浴冷却并补足双蒸水， 4000 rpm/min离心 20 min，取上清液于 532 nm，600 nm，450 nm 处测 OD 值。MDA 含量（nmol/g FW）= 6.45×(OD532-OD600) -0.56×OD450。
产物1：PEG-PBG结构式
产物2：PEG-PGA结构式
产物1和2结构鉴定参见图3和图4所示，说明产物1和2已经成功合成。参加图5所示，紫外光谱扫描结果再次证明，通过产物1已经通过碱处理，去除苄基，形成产物2。
由图6可知，本发明所制备的电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子形成了圆形纳米粒子，粒径约300-500左右，在TEM样品处理的过程中需要干燥处理，使一些纳米粒子团聚形成较大的粒子。
由图7处理效果，可知，在保鲜处理48 h 后，抗氧化物纳米粒子处理组60几个荔枝果实中，仅有2个果实表面有少量的褐变瘢。明显好于不处理组和游离抗氧化物组。表面抗氧化物纳米粒子明显比单纯游离抗氧化物具有更好的荔枝保鲜效果。
丙二醛是脂质氧化的主要产物之一，胞内丙二醛含量是反应细胞收氧化损伤的重要指标。由图8可知，相对于对照组和游离抗氧化物处理组，抗氧化纳米粒子处理组能够显著降低细胞的氧化损伤。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤制备：
（1）通过氨基聚乙二醇诱导的谷氨酸苄酯-N-羰基环内酸酐，形成聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物，该聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物的结构式为：
该式中m表示聚合度，其数值为15-30；
（2）步骤（1）所制备的聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物在碱性条件下水解，去除聚谷氨酸苄酯端的苄基，形成聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物，该聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物的结构式为：
式中，m表示聚合度，其数值为15-30；
（3）取聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物溶于超纯水中得到PEG-PGA 溶液，该PEG-PGA溶液的浓度0.25 mg/mL-5 mg/mL，取三苯基膦化修饰抗氧化物溶于二甲基亚砜中得到抗氧化物溶液，滴加上述抗氧化物溶液至PEG-PGA 溶液中，然后超声处理，形成电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的抗氧化物溶液的滴加量以每1ml的PEG-PGA 溶液中加入的三苯基膦化修饰抗氧化物的质量为 20-500μg 计。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤（1）和步骤（2）为：按照浓度为0.06g/ml取谷氨酸苄酯-N-羰基环内酸酐溶于干氮氮二甲基甲酰胺中，并与氨基聚乙二醇混合在氮气保护下反应48小时，反应温度为38℃，透析得到聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物，并在NaOH的作用下去除苄基，形成聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物。
4.一种果蔬保鲜剂，其特征在于：该果蔬保鲜剂中包含有权利要求1-3之一所述的电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的果蔬保鲜剂在荔枝保鲜中的应用方法，其特征在于：将果蔬保鲜剂以水为溶剂配置成保鲜液，以喷洒或者浸泡方式处理待保鲜的荔枝，该保鲜液中电荷驱动自组装抗氧化纳米粒子的含量为10-100 ppm。
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