CN110479930B - Split type constraint rolling forming method for large cylindrical gear ring - Google Patents
Split type constraint rolling forming method for large cylindrical gear ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN110479930B CN110479930B CN201910711668.XA CN201910711668A CN110479930B CN 110479930 B CN110479930 B CN 110479930B CN 201910711668 A CN201910711668 A CN 201910711668A CN 110479930 B CN110479930 B CN 110479930B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
- B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
- B21H5/025—Internally geared wheels
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Abstract
The invention relates to a split type constraint rolling forming method for a large cylindrical gear ringThe method comprises the following steps of S1, placing a ring blank with a rectangular cross section formed by rolling into a constraint die consisting of a tooth-shaped die and a L die, wherein the lower end face of the ring blank is at a certain distance from the upper end face of the tooth-shaped die, and S2, the constraint die drives the ring blank to rotate around a central shaft at a rotating speed n1Rotating at uniform speed, moving a pair of symmetrically arranged conical rollers positioned outside the constraint die to the position above the ring blank along the radial direction of the constraint die, and rotating the first conical roller at a rotating speed n2Rotate at a constant speed around the self axis, and the second conical roller rotates at a rotating speed n3Rotate at a constant speed around the axis of the self-body, and the rotating directions of the two are opposite; and S3, after the forming is finished, the ejector rod moves vertically upwards to eject the formed cylindrical gear ring. The split type constraint rolling forming method of the large-sized cylindrical gear ring can realize near-net forming of the large-sized cylindrical gear ring, and has the advantages of high material utilization rate, high processing efficiency and good mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forming and manufacturing of large cylindrical gear rings, in particular to a split type constraint rolling forming method of a large cylindrical gear ring.
Background
The large cylindrical gear ring is widely applied in the fields of wind power equipment, ship industry, petroleum machinery, port machinery, metallurgy, engineering machinery and the like, the demand is in a continuous rising trend, and a manufacturing method with high performance, high efficiency and low cost is a leading-edge subject of research in the field. At present, the manufacturing method of the large cylindrical gear ring is cutting processing. The cutting processing method has the advantages of large cutting amount, low material utilization rate, long processing period, low production efficiency and high production cost, and the cutting processing can not refine crystal grains and cut off a metal streamline, so that the manufacturing requirements of large cylindrical gear rings on high performance, high efficiency and low cost are difficult to meet.
Metal plastic forming is a high performance, high efficiency, low cost manufacturing technique. If the large cylindrical gear ring is formed by adopting integral die forging, the forming force is large, the service life of a die is short, and the tooth form is difficult to fill. Therefore, the integral die forging is difficult to manufacture a large spur ring gear. In order to realize the forming and manufacturing of the large cylindrical gear ring, a new continuous local plastic forming method is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a split type constraint rolling forming method for a large cylindrical gear ring, so that near-net forming of the large cylindrical gear ring is realized, and the technical problems of high performance, high efficiency and low cost of manufacturing the large cylindrical gear ring are effectively solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a split type constraint rolling forming method for a large cylindrical gear ring is constructed, and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the rolled and formed rectangular-section ring blank into a restraint die consisting of a tooth-shaped die and a L type die, wherein the lower end face of the ring blank is away from the upper end face of the tooth-shaped die by a certain distance;
s2, driving the ring blank to rotate around the central shaft at a rotating speed n by the restraint die1Rotating at uniform speed, moving a pair of symmetrically arranged conical rollers positioned outside the constraint die to the position above the ring blank along the radial direction of the constraint die, and rotating the first conical roller at a rotating speed n2Rotate at a constant speed around the self axis, and the second conical roller rotates at a rotating speed n3Rotate at a constant speed around the axis of the self-body, and the rotating directions of the two are opposite; the first conical roller and the second conical roller both vertically and downwards perform linear feeding motion at a speed v, and simultaneously respectively retreat along the radial direction of the restraint die to press the ring blank to the upper end surface of the tooth-shaped die; the ring blank is restrained by the restraint die in the radial direction and the position of the lower end surface, and metal gradually flows into the tooth-shaped cavity of the restraint die under the continuous local extrusion action of the first conical roller and the second conical roller on the upper end surface until the tooth shape is completely filled;
s3, after the forming is finished, stopping the rotation of the restraint die and the conical rollers, and retreating the first conical roller and the second conical roller to the initial positions; and the material ejecting rod vertically moves upwards to eject the formed cylindrical gear ring.
In the scheme, the restraint die comprises a tooth-shaped die and an L-shaped die, the tooth-shaped die is fixed on the L-shaped die through a plurality of screws uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the rotary motion of the whole restraint die is realized through the rotation of the L-shaped die around the central shaft.
In the scheme, the first conical roller and the second conical roller are identical in structure and respectively comprise a base cone part, a forming part and a clamping part, an included angle α between the axis of the conical roller and the horizontal plane is 0-15 degrees, the forming part of the conical roller is matched with the upper end face of a forge piece, when the conical roller reaches the maximum feeding amount, the base cone part is 5-20 mm higher than the upper end face of a constraint die, the clamping part of the conical roller is a cylinder and used for fixing the conical roller, and the axes of the two conical rollers are intersected with the axis of the constraint die.
In the scheme, the ejector rods are sector-shaped components with tooth shapes, each ejector rod comprises 3-5 tooth shapes, and the number of the tooth shapes corresponds to the number of the tooth shapes contained in the through holes of the ejector rods of the L-type die.
In the scheme, the rotating speed n of the first conical roller2Rotational speed n of the second conical roll3And the rotation speed n of the restraint die1Satisfy equation (1)
Wherein r is the distance from one point on the upper end surface of the forge piece to the axis of the restraint die, e is the distance from the top point of the conical roller to the axis of the restraint die, and α is the included angle between the axis of the first conical roller or the second conical roller and the horizontal plane.
The split type constraint rolling forming method of the large cylindrical gear ring has the following beneficial effects:
1. the split type constraint rolling forming method of the large-sized cylindrical gear ring can realize near-net forming of the large-sized cylindrical gear ring, and has the advantages of high material utilization rate, high processing efficiency and good mechanical property.
2. The invention discloses a split type constraint rolling forming method of a large cylindrical gear ring, belongs to a continuous local plastic forming method, and is small in forming force, low in energy consumption, green and environment-friendly.
3. The large-scale cylindrical gear ring split type restraint rolling forming method has the advantages that the conical roller mechanism and the restraint die mechanism are independent, the mechanism is simple, and the flexibility is good.
4. The split type constraint rolling forming method of the large cylindrical gear ring can realize the forming of the large gear ring by the small conical roller, and the small conical roller is easy to process and low in manufacturing cost.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a split type constraint rolling forming method of a large cylindrical gear ring;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the ring blank being pressed onto the upper end face of the tooth die;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of metal filling in a split type constraint rolling forming process of a large cylindrical gear ring;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of metal filling at the end of split type constraint rolling forming of a large cylindrical gear ring;
FIG. 5 is a large cylindrical annulus gear intent;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a forging;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a ring blank;
figure 8 is a schematic view of a mold of type L;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a tooth die;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a conical roller;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of an ejector pin.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The split type constraint rolling forming method of the large cylindrical gear ring comprises the following steps:
(1) directly placing a ring blank 3 with a rectangular cross section rolled in the radial and axial directions into a constraint mould consisting of a toothed mould 4 and an L type mould 5, wherein the lower end surface of the ring blank 3 with the rectangular cross section is at a certain distance from the upper end surface of the toothed shape due to the larger shape tolerance of the rolled large ring blank 3, and the constraint mould drives the ring blank 3 with the rectangular cross section to rotate around a central shaft at a rotating speed n1Rotating at a constant speed, simultaneously moving a pair of symmetrically arranged conical rollers positioned outside the constraint die to the position above a ring blank 3 with a rectangular section along the radial direction of the constraint die (as shown in figure 1), and enabling a first conical roller 1 to rotate at a rotating speed n2Rotate at a constant speed around the axis of the second conical roller 2 at a rotating speed n3Rotate at a constant speed around the axis of the self-body, and the rotating directions of the two are opposite. First conical roller1 and a second conical roller 2 both make straight-line feeding motion vertically downwards at a speed v, and simultaneously respectively retreat along the radial direction of the restraint die to press a ring blank 3 to the upper end surface of a tooth-shaped die 4 (as shown in figure 2).
(2) The ring blank 3 is restrained by the restraint die in the radial direction and the position of the lower end surface, and the metal gradually flows into the tooth-shaped cavity of the restraint die (shown in figure 3) under the continuous local extrusion action of the first conical roller 1 and the second conical roller 2 on the upper end surface until the tooth shape is completely filled (shown in figure 4). After the forming is finished, the restraint mould and the conical rollers stop rotating, the first conical rollers 1 and the second conical rollers 2 vertically move upwards to be above the upper end face of the restraint mould, and then retreat to the initial positions along the radial direction far away from the restraint mould respectively. At this time, the ejector pins 6 move vertically upward to eject the formed part.
(3) And (5) designing a forged piece. The large cylindrical gear in this example is an internal-tooth large cylindrical gear with a module of 25mm, a tooth number of 40, a tooth width of 98mm and a pressure angle of 20 ° (as shown in fig. 5). The allowance of 1mm and the inclination of 1 degree are increased in the tooth-shaped part and the tooth width direction of the large cylindrical gear with the inner teeth, the allowance of 1mm is increased at the outer wall position, and the flange with the thickness of 2mm is designed on the upper end surface to obtain the forged piece (as shown in figure 6).
(4) A ring blank 3 with a rectangular cross section. In the step (1), for the large-scale cylindrical gear with internal teeth, the outer diameter of the ring blank 3 with the rectangular section is 5mm smaller than that of the forge piece and is 1242 mm. The internal diameter and height of the rectangular-section ring blank 3 were determined by finite element simulation, with an internal diameter of 925mm and a height of 83mm, to ensure that the rectangular-section ring blank 3 did not destabilize during the forming process and could be completely filled (as shown in fig. 7). The rectangular-section ring blank 3 needs to be heated to 1200 c and coated with a lubricant before being placed in the restraint die.
(5) The restraining die in the step (1) is formed by assembling two parts, namely a tooth-shaped die 4 and an L-type die 5, wherein the tooth-shaped die 4 is fixed on the L-type die 5 through 8 screws uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the rotary motion of the whole restraining die is realized through the rotation of the L-type die 5 around a central shaft, and the two parts of the restraining die need to be preheated to 250 ℃ and coated with a lubricant before the rectangular-section ring blank 3 is placed into a restraining die cavity.
(6) The tooth-shaped die 4 in the step (1) is a rotary entity divided into two parts, the lower part of the tooth-shaped die 4 forms a forged piece tooth-shaped part, the shape of the forged piece tooth-shaped part is completely matched with that of the forged piece tooth-shaped part in the step (2), the height of the forged piece tooth-shaped part is equal to the forged piece tooth width and is 100mm, the upper part of the tooth-shaped die 4 is provided with a 3-degree cone angle and is 110mm in height, the flow of flashes in the radial direction is restrained, for the large-sized internal tooth cylindrical gear, the outer diameter of the part is smaller than the diameter of the forged piece tooth crest circle, the diameter of the lower end face is 937mm, the diameter of the upper end face is 918mm, and 8 threaded holes are.
(7) The L-type die 5 in the step (1) is a L-shaped ring part with a cross section, for the large-scale internal tooth cylindrical gear, the L-shaped horizontal part is in the inner diameter direction of the vertical part, the inner diameter of the L-shaped vertical part is 1252mm, the inner diameter of the horizontal part is 660mm, 8 through holes are uniformly distributed in the horizontal part of the L-type die 5 along the circumferential direction at the position where the toothed die 4 is correspondingly placed, the through holes correspond to the threaded holes of the toothed die 4, 4 fan-shaped through holes with teeth are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction at the position corresponding to the forged piece position for mounting the ejector rod 6, each through hole comprises 3 teeth, and the shape of the teeth is completely matched with the shape of the teeth of the forged piece in the step (2).
(8) The conical roller in the step (1) is composed of three parts, namely a base conical part 102, a forming part 103 and a clamping part 101, wherein the included angle α between the axis of the conical roller and the horizontal plane is 10 degrees, the upper end face of the conical roller forming part 103 is matched with the upper end face of a forge piece, when the conical roller reaches the maximum feeding amount, the base conical part is 5mm higher than the upper end face of a constraint die, the clamping part 101 is a cylinder, the diameter of the clamping part is 135mm, the conical roller is convenient to clamp the conical roller by a roller mechanism, and before the conical roller starts to move, the conical roller needs to be preheated to 250 ℃ and coated with a.
(9) In the step (1), the ejector rods 6 are fan-shaped components with tooth shapes, each ejector rod 6 comprises 3 tooth shapes, the number of the tooth shapes corresponds to the number of the tooth shapes contained in the through hole of the ejector rod 6 of the L type die 5, the tooth shape of the ejector rod 6 is completely matched with the tooth shape of a target gear, and for an internal tooth large cylindrical gear, the outer diameter of the fan-shaped part is 2mm smaller than that of the forged piece in the step (2).
(10) In the step (1), the first conical roller 1 and the second conical roller 2 rotate around the axes of the first conical roller and the second conical roller respectively, the rotating speeds of the first conical roller and the second conical roller are the same, and the rotating directions are opposite. Speed n of the confining die1And 5r/min, wherein the distance from one point on the upper end surface of the forge piece to the axis of the constraint die is 548mm, and the distance from the vertex of the conical roller to the axis of the constraint die is 220 mm. Rotational speed n of the first conical roller 12The rotational speed n of the second conical roll 23The result is obtained from equation (1).
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A split type constraint rolling forming method for a large cylindrical gear ring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the rolled and formed rectangular section ring blank into a restraint die consisting of a tooth-shaped die and a L type die, wherein the lower end face of the ring blank is a certain distance away from the upper end face of the tooth-shaped die;
s2, driving the ring blank to rotate around the central shaft at a rotating speed n by the restraint die1Rotating at uniform speed, moving a pair of symmetrically arranged conical rollers positioned outside the constraint die to the position above the ring blank along the radial direction of the constraint die, and rotating the first conical roller at a rotating speed n2Rotate at a constant speed around the self axis, and the second conical roller rotates at a rotating speed n3Rotate at a constant speed around the axis of the self-body, and the rotating directions of the two are opposite; before the conical roller starts to move, the conical roller needs to be preheated to 250 ℃ and coated with a lubricant; the first conical roller and the second conical roller both vertically and downwards perform linear feeding motion at a speed v, and simultaneously respectively retreat along the radial direction of the restraint die to press the ring blank to the upper end surface of the tooth-shaped die; the ring blank is in the radial direction andthe position of the lower end surface is restrained by the restraint die, and metal gradually flows into the tooth-shaped cavity of the restraint die under the continuous local extrusion action of the first conical roller and the second conical roller on the upper end surface until the tooth shape is completely filled;
s3, after the forming is finished, stopping the rotation of the restraint die, the first conical roller and the second conical roller, and retreating the first conical roller and the second conical roller to the initial positions; and the material ejecting rod vertically moves upwards to eject the formed cylindrical gear ring.
2. The split type restraint rolling forming method for the large cylindrical gear ring according to claim 1, wherein the restraint dies comprise a tooth-shaped die and a L-type die, the tooth-shaped die is fixed on the L-type die through a plurality of screws uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the rotation of the L-type die around the central shaft realizes the rotation motion of the whole restraint die.
3. The split type constraint rolling forming method of the large cylindrical gear ring according to claim 2, characterized in that the first conical roller and the second conical roller are identical in structure and comprise a base cone portion, a forming portion and a clamping portion, an included angle α between the axis of the conical roller and the horizontal plane is 0-15 degrees, the forming portion of the conical roller is matched with the upper end face of a forge piece, when the conical roller reaches the maximum feeding amount, the base cone portion is 5-20 mm higher than the upper end face of the constraint die, the clamping portion of the conical roller is a cylinder and used for fixing the conical roller, and the axes of the two conical rollers are intersected with the axis of the constraint die.
4. The split type restraint rolling forming method for the large cylindrical gear ring according to claim 1, wherein the ejector rods are fan-shaped components with tooth shapes, each ejector rod comprises 3-5 tooth shapes, and the number of the ejector rods corresponds to the number of the tooth shapes contained in L type die ejector rod through holes.
5. The split type constraint rolling forming method for the large cylindrical gear ring according to claim 1, wherein the rotating speed n of the first conical roller is2Rotational speed n of the second conical roll3And the rotation speed n of the restraint die1Satisfy equation (1)
Wherein r is the distance from one point on the upper end surface of the forge piece to the axis of the restraint die, e is the distance from the top point of the conical roller to the axis of the restraint die, and α is the included angle between the axis of the first conical roller or the second conical roller and the horizontal plane.
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| CN201910711668.XA CN110479930B (en) | 2019-08-02 | 2019-08-02 | Split type constraint rolling forming method for large cylindrical gear ring |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910711668.XA CN110479930B (en) | 2019-08-02 | 2019-08-02 | Split type constraint rolling forming method for large cylindrical gear ring |
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| CN110479930A CN110479930A (en) | 2019-11-22 |
| CN110479930B true CN110479930B (en) | 2020-08-04 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6076387A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 2000-06-20 | Wdb Ringwalztechnik Gmbh | Process for rolling bevel gears on an axial stamping rolling machine and tooling for its implementation |
| CN104942198A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-09-30 | 无锡隆迪精密锻件有限公司 | Die structure for producing race for large mine car wheel |
| CN206256352U (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-06-16 | 河北广通路桥集团有限公司 | A kind of gear drives road roller muller |
| CN108237195A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 天津市信力达齿轮制造有限公司 | A kind of processing mold of precise inner gear |
-
2019
- 2019-08-02 CN CN201910711668.XA patent/CN110479930B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6076387A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 2000-06-20 | Wdb Ringwalztechnik Gmbh | Process for rolling bevel gears on an axial stamping rolling machine and tooling for its implementation |
| CN104942198A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-09-30 | 无锡隆迪精密锻件有限公司 | Die structure for producing race for large mine car wheel |
| CN206256352U (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-06-16 | 河北广通路桥集团有限公司 | A kind of gear drives road roller muller |
| CN108237195A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 天津市信力达齿轮制造有限公司 | A kind of processing mold of precise inner gear |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 对称双辊轴向轧制从动螺旋锥齿轮新工艺;朱春东等;《中国机械工程》;20090810(第15期);1877-1879 * |
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