CN110478842A - Lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent - Google Patents
Lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN110478842A CN110478842A CN201910580449.2A CN201910580449A CN110478842A CN 110478842 A CN110478842 A CN 110478842A CN 201910580449 A CN201910580449 A CN 201910580449A CN 110478842 A CN110478842 A CN 110478842A
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- Prior art keywords
- suppressant additive
- fire
- extinguishing agent
- lithium electricity
- extinguishing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0092—Gaseous extinguishing substances, e.g. liquefied gases, carbon dioxide snow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, by weight including following each component: 50%~90% extinguishing chemical；5%~50% suppressant additive；0%~45% driving gas；Wherein, suppressant additive has decomposes free radical that is generating and can blocking burning after heat absorption.Lithium electricity of the invention can put out rapidly the open fire of combustion zone with the extinguishing chemical ingredient in compound fire-extinguishing agent；Suppressant additive can quickly enter inside lithium ion cell by extinguishing chemical, inhibit thermal runaway reaction, block combustion reaction；It drives gas to provide power source, facilitates the diffusion of extinguishing chemical and suppressant additive.Open fire can quickly be put out and the thermal runaway of lithium ion battery is effectively inhibited to react to reduce the purpose of re-ignition risk by reaching.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, especially a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery includes that the very high material of energy and inflammable electrolyte easily cause if improper use
Smolder, be on fire, explosion etc. accidents.In recent years, as lithium ion battery is in electric bicycle, energy storage and the medium field of electric car
Extensive use, related fire, explosion accident occur again and again.
The extinguishing mechanism of extinguishing chemical is related with this four factors of the fuel of burning, oxygen, heat and combustion chain reaction, this
Four factors need to correctly combine just can ignite fire and sustained combustion.Such as be intended to put out a fire, then need to interrupt these factors it
Between one or more links, or change the equilibrium state between them.Therefore, extinguishing mechanism mainly has following four kinds: passing through
Interrupt combustion chain reaction；By controlling or eliminating fuel source；Pass through cutting or dilution oxygen source；By from scene of fire
Remove sufficient heat.
Existing dry powder fire extinguishing agent, water based fire suppressant, carbon dioxide extinguishing agent, heptafluoro-propane extinguishing chemical, aerosol fire-extinguishing
The fire-fighting principle of the extinguishing chemicals such as agent and perfluor hexanone extinguishing chemical is mainly cooling, dilute oxygen, inhibits in combustion process chemical reaction
One kind or any a variety of combination.
And lithium battery fire is the compound fire (C class fire, E class fire, B class, D class fire) based on the deep fire of C class.It is existing to go out
Fiery agent can put out the open fire of lithium-ion electric Pool fire generation in short-term, but since the reaction of lithium ion battery thermal runaway can continue to produce
Raw fuel gas, oxygen and heat, traditional extinguishing chemical can not interrupt burning from source, and re-ignition risk is high.In addition, the change of lithium
It is all very active to learn property, this metalloid once blazes up can be extremely violent, and can be with water, carbon dioxide, foam, common
Dry powder fire extinguishing agent reacts, and can be further exacerbated by fire spreading, so that the difficulty of fire extinguishing is especially big.
Summary of the invention
The lithium electricity that the open fire of lithium battery and thermal runaway can be prevented to react simultaneously the object of the present invention is to provide one kind is used again
Close extinguishing chemical.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, by weight include such as
Lower each component:
Extinguishing chemical 50%~90%；
Suppressant additive 5%~50%；
Drive gas 0%~45%；
Wherein, suppressant additive has decomposes free radical that is generating and can blocking burning after heat absorption.
Suppressant additive is organic phosphorus suppressant additive, nitrogenous compound suppressant additive, the inhibition of halocarbonate class
One of additive, silicon systems suppressant additive are a variety of.
Optionally, organic phosphorus suppressant additive includes phosphate, phosphite ester, phosphate, organophosphorated salt, phospha cyclisation
Close one of object and polymeric phosphoric acid ester or a variety of.
Optionally, nitrogenous compound suppressant additive includes pivaloyl amine, melamine, the derivative of melamine
And one of heterocyclic compound of melamine or a variety of.
Optionally, halocarbonate class suppressant additive includes one or both of fluoro carbonic ester, bromo carbonic ester.
Optionally, silicon systems suppressant additive includes organosilicon suppressant additive.
Optionally, organosilicon suppressant additive includes triphenyl phosphoric acid oligosiloxane, aminomethyl phenyl dimethyl diethoxy
One or both of base silane.
Optionally, extinguishing chemical is perfluor hexanone extinguishing chemical, heptafluoro-propane extinguishing chemical, hexafluoropropane extinguishing chemical and inorganic salts
One of extinguishing chemical is a variety of.
Optionally, driving gas is inert gas.
Optionally, driving gas includes one of argon gas, nitrogen and helium or a variety of.
To sum up, lithium electricity of the invention can put out rapidly the open fire of combustion zone with the extinguishing chemical ingredient in compound fire-extinguishing agent；Suppression
Additive processed can quickly enter inside lithium ion cell by extinguishing chemical, inhibit thermal runaway reaction, block combustion reaction；Drive gas
Body provides power source, facilitates the diffusion of extinguishing chemical and suppressant additive.Open fire can quickly be put out and effectively inhibit by reaching
The thermal runaway reaction of lithium ion battery is to reduce the purpose of re-ignition risk.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention is furthur described in detail.Following instance is for saying
The bright present invention, but be not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Present inventor thinks that electrolyte solvent DMC, DEC, EC of lithium ion etc. are low-flash fuel.Thermal runaway produces
Raw fuel gas includes CO, H2、CH4、C2H4、C2H6And other hydro carbons etc..Air-generating reaction includes:
Positive oxygen release O2+ electrolyte solvent → CO2→CO2+Li+→CO；
Electrolyte solvent+cathode Li → CO；
Adhesive+cathode Li → H2；
Electrolyte solvent+cathode Li+H2→CH4；
Electrolyte solvent+cathode Li → C2H4+C2H6+ other hydro carbons.
As it can be seen that the reaction of lithium ion battery thermal runaway can generate fuel gas.In addition, the positive polar decomghtion in thermal runaway reaction is anti-
It should can also generate combustion adjuvant oxygen, self-produced personal.The combustible gas mixture that electrolyte steam and thermal runaway reaction generate is met
It also may occur from firing when Mars can be ignited or the temperature in fuel gas area is increased to autoignition temperature.Therefore, existing to go out
Fiery agent cannot block thermal runaway air-generating reaction, have serious security risk.
Embodiment one
The present embodiment provides a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, including perfluor hexanone, organic phosphorus suppressant additive and
Argon gas, the accounting of perfluor hexanone is 50%, and for organic phosphorus suppressant additive accounting 30%, the quality accounting of argon gas is 20%,
All accountings are weight ratio.
The lithium electricity of embodiment one is spurted with compound fire-extinguishing agent to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can be in 10 seconds
Blow on one's face open fire, and organic phosphorus suppressant additive then enters inside battery by the volatility of perfluor hexanone, what endothermic decomposition generated
Phosphorous free radical can generate non-combustible matter in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical, combustion reaction be blocked, to prevent thermal runaway anti-
The progress answered, and then burning and explosion are prevented, guarantee in 3 hours without re-ignition.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment provides a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, including perfluor hexanone, organic phosphorus suppressant additive and
Argon gas, the accounting of perfluor hexanone is 70%, and for organic phosphorus suppressant additive accounting 10%, the quality accounting of argon gas is 20%,
All accountings are weight ratio.
The compound fire-extinguishing agent of embodiment two is spurted to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can blow on one's face bright in 5 seconds
Fire, organic phosphorus suppressant additive then enter inside battery by the volatility of perfluor hexanone, endothermic decomposition generate it is phosphorous from
Non-combustible matter can be generated in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical by base, block combustion reaction, thus prevent that thermal runaway reacts into
Row, and then burning and explosion are prevented, guarantee in 1 hour without re-ignition.
Embodiment three
A kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent that the embodiment of the present invention three provides, including the inhibition of perfluor hexanone, organic phosphorus add
Add agent and argon gas, the accounting of perfluor hexanone is 80%, and organic phosphorus suppressant additive accounting is 5%, the quality accounting of argon gas
It is 15%, all accountings are weight ratio.
The compound fire-extinguishing agent of embodiment three is spurted to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can blow on one's face bright in 8 seconds
Fire, organic phosphorus suppressant additive then enter inside battery by the volatility of perfluor hexanone, endothermic decomposition generate it is phosphorous from
Non-combustible matter can be generated in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical by base, block combustion reaction, thus prevent that thermal runaway reacts into
Row, and then burning and explosion are prevented, guarantee in 0.5 hour without re-ignition.
Example IV
A kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent that the embodiment of the present invention four provides, including perfluor hexanone, nitrogenous compound inhibit
Additive and argon gas, the accounting of perfluor hexanone is 50%, and nitrogenous compound suppressant additive accounting is 30%, the quality of argon gas
Accounting is 20%, and all accountings are weight ratio.
The compound fire-extinguishing agent of example IV is spurted to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can blow on one's face bright in 10 seconds
Fire, nitrogenous compound suppressant additive then enter inside battery by the volatility of perfluor hexanone, and endothermic decomposition generates nitrogenous
Free radical can generate non-combustible matter in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical, block combustion reaction, so that thermal runaway be prevented to react
It carries out, and then prevents burning and explosion, compared with organic phosphorus suppressant additive, inhibitory effect is poor, guarantees in 1 hour without multiple
Combustion.
Embodiment five
A kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent that the embodiment of the present invention five provides, including perfluor hexanone, nitrogenous compound inhibit
Additive and argon gas, the accounting of perfluor hexanone is 65%, and nitrogenous compound suppressant additive accounting is 15%, the quality of argon gas
Accounting is 20%, and all accountings are weight ratio.
The compound fire-extinguishing agent of embodiment five is spurted to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can blow on one's face bright in 8 seconds
Fire, nitrogenous compound suppressant additive then enter inside battery by the volatility of perfluor hexanone, and endothermic decomposition generates nitrogenous
Free radical can generate non-combustible matter in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical, block combustion reaction, so that thermal runaway be prevented to react
It carries out, and then prevents burning and explosion, compared with organic phosphorus suppressant additive, inhibitory effect is poor, guarantees nothing in 0.5 hour
Re-ignition.
Embodiment six
The present embodiment provides a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, including perfluor hexanone, organic phosphorus suppressant additive and
Argon gas, the accounting of perfluor hexanone is 55%, and for organic phosphorus suppressant additive accounting 25%, the quality accounting of argon gas is 20%,
All accountings are weight ratio.
The lithium electricity of embodiment six is spurted with compound fire-extinguishing agent to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can be in 9 seconds
Blow on one's face open fire, and organic phosphorus suppressant additive then enters inside battery by the volatility of perfluor hexanone, what endothermic decomposition generated
Phosphorous free radical can generate non-combustible matter in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical, combustion reaction be blocked, to prevent thermal runaway anti-
The progress answered, and then burning and explosion are prevented, guarantee in 3 hours without re-ignition.
Embodiment seven
The present embodiment provides a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, including heptafluoro-propane, organic phosphorus suppressant additive and
Argon gas, the accounting of heptafluoro-propane is 70%, and for organic phosphorus suppressant additive accounting 10%, the quality accounting of argon gas is 20%,
All accountings are weight ratio.
The compound fire-extinguishing agent of embodiment seven is spurted to the lithium ion battery of burning, heptafluoro-propane can blow on one's face bright in 5 seconds
Fire, organic phosphorus suppressant additive then enter inside battery by the volatility of heptafluoro-propane, endothermic decomposition generate it is phosphorous from
Non-combustible matter can be generated in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical by base, block combustion reaction, thus prevent that thermal runaway reacts into
Row, and then burning and explosion are prevented, guarantee in 1 hour without re-ignition.
Embodiment eight
The embodiment of the present invention eight provide a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, including perfluor hexanone, pivaloyl amine with
And argon gas, the accounting of perfluor hexanone is 80%, and for pivaloyl amine accounting 5%, the quality accounting of argon gas is 15%, all
Accounting is weight ratio.
The compound fire-extinguishing agent of embodiment eight is spurted to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can blow on one's face bright in 8 seconds
Fire, pivaloyl amine then enter inside battery, the energy containing nitrogen free radical that endothermic decomposition generates by the volatility of perfluor hexanone
Non-combustible matter is generated in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical, blocks combustion reaction, thus the progress for preventing thermal runaway from reacting, in turn
Burning and explosion are prevented, is guaranteed in 2 hours without re-ignition.
Embodiment nine
The embodiment of the present invention nine provide a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, including perfluor hexanone, fluoro carbonic ester and
Argon gas, the accounting of perfluor hexanone is 50%, and fluoro carbonic ester accounting is 30%, and the quality accounting of argon gas is 20%, and all accounts for
Than being weight ratio.
The compound fire-extinguishing agent of embodiment nine is spurted to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can blow on one's face bright in 10 seconds
Fire, fluoro carbonic ester then enter inside battery by the volatility of perfluor hexanone, and the halogen radical that endothermic decomposition generates can be with
The free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical, which combine, generates non-combustible matter, blocks combustion reaction, thus the progress for preventing thermal runaway from reacting, and then hinder
It only burns and explodes, guarantee in 2 hours without re-ignition.
Embodiment ten
The present embodiment provides a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, including perfluor hexanone, phosphate and argon gas, perfluor hexanones
Accounting 50%, phosphate accounting is 30%, and the quality accounting of argon gas is 20%, and all accountings are weight ratio.
The lithium electricity of embodiment ten is spurted with compound fire-extinguishing agent to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can be in 10 seconds
Blow on one's face open fire, and phosphate then enters inside battery, the phosphorous free radical energy that endothermic decomposition generates by the volatility of perfluor hexanone
Non-combustible matter is generated in conjunction with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical, blocks combustion reaction, thus the progress for preventing thermal runaway from reacting, in turn
Burning and explosion are prevented, is guaranteed in 3 hours without re-ignition.
Comparative example one
Comparative example one provides a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, including perfluor hexanone and argon gas, perfluor hexanone
Accounting is 80%, and the quality accounting of argon gas is 20%, and all accountings are weight ratio.
By the agent application of comparative example one to the lithium ion battery of burning, perfluor hexanone can blow on one's face bright in 10 seconds
Fire, but re-ignition in 0.3 hour.
In conclusion lithium electricity of the invention can put out rapidly the bright of combustion zone with the extinguishing chemical ingredient in compound fire-extinguishing agent
Fire；Suppressant additive can quickly enter inside lithium ion cell by extinguishing chemical, first is that endothermic decomposition, reduces thermal runaway reaction speed
Rate, second is that the free radical generated can be combined with the free radicals such as hydroperoxyl radical generates non-combustible matter, blocking combustion reaction, to prevent
The progress of thermal runaway reaction, and then burning and explosion are prevented, lithium-ion electric Pool fire is put out from source.Gas is driven to provide dynamic
Power source facilitates the diffusion of extinguishing chemical and suppressant additive.Open fire can quickly be put out and effectively inhibit lithium-ion electric by reaching
The thermal runaway reaction in pond is to reduce the purpose of re-ignition risk.
Furthermore the suppressant additive in the present invention is incorporated into extinguishing chemical, by suppressant additive and lithium ion battery
Isolation is come completely, and additive will not have any impact to the performance of lithium-ion electrolyte or other structures.
Comparative example one and example IV, organic phosphorus suppressant additive is than nitrogenous compound suppressant additive and perfluor
After hexanone combination, there is better re-ignition inhibitory effect.
Although the present invention is disclosed above by preferred embodiment, however, it is not intended to limit the invention, this any known skill
Skill person can make some changes and embellishment without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, therefore protection scope of the present invention is worked as
Subject to claims range claimed.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent, which is characterized in that by weight including following each component:
Extinguishing chemical 50%~90%；
Suppressant additive 5%~50%；
Drive gas 0%~45%；
Wherein, the suppressant additive has decomposes free radical that is generating and can blocking burning after heat absorption.
2. lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the suppressant additive is organic phosphorus suppression
One of additive processed, nitrogenous compound suppressant additive, halocarbonate class suppressant additive, silicon systems suppressant additive or
It is a variety of.
3. lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the organic phosphorus suppressant additive includes
Phosphate, phosphite ester, phosphate, organophosphorated salt, one of phosphorous heterocylic compound and polymeric phosphoric acid ester or a variety of.
4. lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the nitrogenous compound suppressant additive packet
Include pivaloyl amine, melamine, one of heterocyclic compound of the derivative of melamine and melamine or a variety of.
5. lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the halocarbonate class suppressant additive
Including one or both of fluoro carbonic ester, bromo carbonic ester.
6. lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the silicon systems suppressant additive includes organic
Silicon suppressant additive.
7. lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the organosilicon suppressant additive includes three
One or both of phosphenylic acid oligosiloxane, aminomethyl phenyl dimethyl diethoxysilane.
8. the lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as described in any in claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that the extinguishing chemical is perfluor
One of hexanone extinguishing chemical, heptafluoro-propane extinguishing chemical, hexafluoropropane extinguishing chemical and inorganic salts extinguishing chemical are a variety of.
9. the lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as described in any in claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that the driving gas is lazy
Property gas.
10. lithium electricity compound fire-extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the driving gas includes argon gas, nitrogen
And one of helium or a variety of.
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| CN110975216A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 厦门市兆泰云智能科技有限公司 | Fire extinguishing material suitable for extinguishing electric vehicle fire |
| CN111905317A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-10 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司湖州供电公司 | Preparation method of nano-dispersed lithium battery extinguishing agent |
| CN112386856A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-02-23 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司湖州供电公司 | Preparation method of core-shell type cooling flame-retardant lithium battery extinguishing agent |
| CN112713302A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-27 | 蜂巢能源科技(无锡)有限公司 | Flame-retardant polymer gel electrolyte composition, gel electrolyte, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN113209536A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-08-06 | 东方电气集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Perfluorohexanone emulsion fire extinguishing agent of composite fire retardant and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191122 |