CN110476696A - A kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes - Google Patents
A kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110476696A CN110476696A CN201910845913.6A CN201910845913A CN110476696A CN 110476696 A CN110476696 A CN 110476696A CN 201910845913 A CN201910845913 A CN 201910845913A CN 110476696 A CN110476696 A CN 110476696A
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- pollen
- seed
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- tipper
- pollination
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- GQWNECFJGBQMBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molindone hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O=C1C=2C(CC)=C(C)NC=2CCC1CN1CCOCC1 GQWNECFJGBQMBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000937378 Everettia interior Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural breeding technical fields, and in particular to a kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes.The southern area method for cultivating grapes includes S1. selection suitable hybrid Parent；S2. pollen is collected when male parent is bloomed；S3. the emasculation before female parent will bloom；S4. after maternal emasculation 1-2 days, column cap, which emits, has droplet that can pollinate；S5. pollination is operated using fruit tree hybridization pollination device；S6. it is harvested after fruit full maturity；S7. after harvesting, fruit is directly placed into refrigerator and is stored；S8. seed is taken out from pulp, is rinsed with water clean；S9. it after impregnating, is placed in seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device；S10. it cultivates 7-10 days；S11. it when seedling length to 4-6 piece leaf, is transferred in degradable Seedling bag, can transplant into greenhouse within normal management 5-7 days.The purpose that the present invention shortens the crossbreeding period, improves hybridization pollination efficiency, improves filial generation germination rate.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to agricultural breeding technical fields, and in particular to a kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes.
[background technique]
The breeding method of grape is mainly to be completed by artificial hybridization breeding method in the prior art, i.e., by there is mesh
Control pollen and Selection parent kind obtain filial generation seed.
There are following deficiencies for it:
1, the period is long: entire breeding cycle is long, wherein filial generation seed mature picking time to seedling stage more than 9 months；
2, pollination efficiency is low, great work intensity: during current fruit tree hybridization pollination, being generally stained with pollen using hairbrush
Afterwards toward being stained on pistil stigma, to pollinate, but successively pollinated to each pistil stigma using hairbrush, not only working efficiency
It is low, and great work intensity, time and efforts is wasted significantly；
3, filial generation seed germination rate is low: in seed germination, if temperature is excessively high, as temperature be more than 40 DEG C with
On, then it can hurt seed；If temperature is too low, it when being such as lower than 20 or 15 DEG C, then can not meet the needs of germination, germinate
Slowly, germinate irregular, or even do not germinate.Equally, the too high or too low germination percentage and germination regularity that can all influence seed of humidity.
[summary of the invention]
Goal of the invention of the invention is: in view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes, the south
Side area method for cultivating grapes solves the problems, such as that pollination efficiency is low, filial generation seed germination rate is low, has reached shortening hybridization
Breeding cycle, the purpose for improving hybridization pollination efficiency, improving filial generation germination rate.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes, comprising the following steps:
S1. suitable hybrid Parent is selected according to breeding objective；
S2. pollen is collected when male parent is bloomed, is put into the vacuum seal box of silica-gel desiccant, after drying for 24 hours, is ground into
- 20 DEG C of refrigerators are sealed after pollen；
S3. the emasculation before female parent will bloom manually removes colored cap, prevents self-pollination；Bagging is handled after emasculation,
Prevent external source pollen from pollinating；
S4. after maternal emasculation 1-2 days, column cap, which emits, has droplet that can pollinate；
S5. pollination is operated using fruit tree hybridization pollination device, after pollination, is pollinated 1 time again within second day, after having awarded powder every time
Bagging；
S6. it is harvested after fruit full maturity；
S7. after harvesting, fruit is directly placed into refrigerator 4 DEG C and is stored 30-45 days, so as to obtain certain need cold for seed
Amount；
S8. after storing 30-45 days, seed is taken out from pulp, after being rinsed with water completely, with containing the water-soluble of fungicide
Liquid impregnates 24-36 hours, and it is primary to change aqueous solution within 8-12 hours；
S9. after impregnating, seed is lain in the pallet for being successively lined with absorbent cotton and gauze from top to bottom, seed upper layer is covered
Lid one layer of gauze, then soaks absorbent cotton and gauze；It is then placed within progress vernalization training in seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device
It supports, the temperature being arranged in described device is 25 DEG C, humidity 80%；
S10. cultivate 7-10 days, seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5-1cm when, by seed be transferred to have nutrient matrix hole tray in, thin soil
Covering, hole tray cover transparency cover moisturizing, are placed on illumination cultivation frame, and illumination condition: 100 μm of olm-2s-1, temperature is arranged
25 DEG C of degree；When seed germination is unearthed and grows 2 cotyledons, transparency cover is taken off, keep water supply in media sufficient；
S11. it when seedling length to 4-6 piece leaf, is transferred in degradable Seedling bag, can transplant within normal management 5-7 days
It grows and manages into greenhouse.
In the present invention, the fruit tree hybridization pollination device of the step S5 includes a support plate, and the support plate is equipped with one
Pipeline and one for placing the tipper of emasculation flower spike, the pipeline by they sup-port in the support plate, the branch
Strut is more, and the more support rods are retractable support lever；The tipper is set to the lower section of the pipeline；The pipeline
One end be connected with an induced draught system, the induced draught system is set in the support plate, and the pipeline is close to the induced draught system
One end in be equipped with a pollen slot, be spaced apart on the side wall towards the tipper of the pipeline and be equipped with multiple through-holes；It is described
Lower one end of tipper is equipped with a baffle, and opening is offered on the baffle, and the opening is connected with one and is obliquely installed upwards
Aspiration channel, the aspiration channel is connected with suspended hood, suction ventilator is equipped in the suspended hood, and the other end of the suspended hood connects
There is a collection tube cell tilted down, the other end of the collection tube cell passes through the duct wall of the pipeline and is located at the upper of pollen slot
Side；The other end of the pipeline is connected to the suspended hood.
Further, the pipeline is the bend pipe of class ellipse, and the tipper is class ellipse, the water of the tipper
Flat projected area is equal to or slightly less than the pipeline and is formed by the elliptical area of class；Multiple be used for is offered on the tipper
It is inserted into the jack of emasculation flower spike end；Damp-proof layer is additionally provided in the pipeline.
Further, the induced draught system is set in the support plate by lifting platform；The induced draught system include cover,
Set on the intracorporal blower of the cover and the adjusting knob for being used to adjust air quantity on the cover, the adjusting knob and institute
State blower connection.
In the present invention, the application method of the fruit tree hybridization pollination device are as follows: first emasculation flower spike is placed on tipper, flower
Powder is put into pollen slot, in use, opening induced draught system, the blower in induced draught system blows afloat the pollen in pollen slot, makes to spend
Powder is flowed in pipeline and is sent out from pore, and pollen is dropped down under the action of induced draught system in the emasculation flower spike on tipper, i.e.,
Pollination can be achieved；When there is extra pollen to fall on tipper, the blower being set in suspended hood is opened, pollen can pass through
Aspiration channel, suspended hood sum aggregate tube cell are back in pollen slot.
In the present invention, the seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device of the step S9 includes device noumenon, described device ontology
Middle and upper part is equipped with kind of a subrack, and described kind of subrack is the rack with multiple pores；The bottom of described kind of subrack is equipped with the first electric heating
The upper surface of silk, described kind of subrack is equipped with moisture-heat preservation layer；The moisture-heat preservation layer is equipped with temperature sensor and humidity sensor
Device；The lower part of described device ontology is equipped with storage area, and the bottom of the storage area is equipped with the second heating wire；The storage area and institute
It states and is additionally provided with a revolving door between kind of subrack, the lateral surface of described device ontology is equipped with driving device and controller；Described device
The side opposite with the driving device of ontology is additionally provided with a cylinder, and one end of the revolving door rotatably connects with the cylinder
It connects, the other end of the revolving door is connect with the driving device；The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, the first heating wire,
Second heating wire and driving device are connect with the controller.
Further, first heating wire be more, one end of the more heating wire be connected in one after again with institute
State controller connection；
Further, the driving device is motor, and one end of the rotary shaft of the motor is connect with the revolving door；Institute
The shaft that revolving door includes a rotating plate He is arranged on the rotating plate is stated, and the shaft passes through the middle part of the rotating plate；It is described
The rotation axis connection of one end of shaft and the motor, the other end of the shaft are rotatably inserted in the cylinder；It is described
The width of revolving door is equal to or slightly less than the width of described device ontology；
Further, air hole is additionally provided at the top of described device ontology；The side of described device ontology is also provided with
Bright window；The moisture-heat preservation layer is gauze.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) fruit tree hybridization pollination device of the invention offers the pipeline of multiple through-holes by setting induced draught system, side wall
Pollen can be made to send out from pore so that need to only open induced draught system when pollination with the pollen slot being located in pipeline, directly fallen
To emasculation flower spike, pollination efficiency is substantially increased.And the present invention by setting aspiration channel, suspended hood, blower and tilts down
Collection tube cell, and the groove body for being used to place emasculation flower spike is set as tipper, can make the extra pollen of blowout (from flower spike
It is falling down or do not drop down onto pollen in flower spike) it drops down onto tipper, it slides further along the rake of tipper to lower one end, just
In aspiration channel sum aggregate tube cell to pollen collecting, the waste pollinating method of pollen is avoided, pollination efficiency is improved；
(2) seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device of the invention is preset with suitable temperature and humidity, when temperature sensor is adopted
When the temperature collected is lower than preset value, controller controls the first heating wire and begins to warm up；When temperature is higher than preset value, controller
It controls the first heating wire and stops heating.When the collected humidity of humidity sensor is lower than preset value, controller control driving dress
The rotation for rotating and then driving revolving door is set, makes revolving door vertical state, so that the water in storage area can be evaporated to kind of a subrack
On.When humidity is higher than preset value, controller controls the rotation that driving device rotates and then drives revolving door, makes revolving door water
Storage area is isolated with kind subrack, prevents the water in storage area from continuing to be evaporated in kind of subrack, be finally reached pair by level state
The effect of seed moisture-heat preservation promotes the germination of seed, improves the germination percentage of seed.
(3) breeding is carried out using method of the invention, shortens breeding time on the whole, the offspring that enters earlier screens
Process；Realize current year hybridization pollination, the emergence of current year filial generation.Using breeding method of the invention, generally in In Nanning Area,
All harvesting finishes fruit by the end of July at the latest, and by the process, current year can go out transplantation of seedlings by the end of October and manage into greenhouse, realize
Current year hybridization pollination, the emergence of current year filial generation.And after the previous traditionally general fruit harvesting in In Nanning Area, need sand storage to second
Conventional method is compared in year 2-3 month vernalization, and present invention reduces times 4-6 of harvesting to filial generation seedling month, earlier
Enter offspring screen process.
[Detailed description of the invention]
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of a planting fruit-trees hybridization pollination device of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of main view of seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device of the invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of side view of seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of revolving door in a kind of seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device of the invention.
Main appended drawing reference illustrates in figure:
1- support plate, 2- pipeline, 3- tipper, 4- support rod, 5- baffle, 6- aspiration channel, 7- suspended hood, 8- powder absorbing pipe,
9- lifting platform, 10- cover, 11- adjusting knob.
12- device noumenon, 13- kind subrack, the first heating wire of 14-, 15- moisture-heat preservation layer, 16- temperature sensor, 17- are wet
Spend sensor, the storage area 18-, the second heating wire of 19-, 20- revolving door, 201- rotating plate, 202- shaft, 21- driving device, 22-
Controller, 23- cylinder, 24- transparency window.
[specific embodiment]
The present invention is described further with attached drawing with reference to embodiments, but is not limitation of the invention.
The fruit tree hybridization pollination device that the embodiment of the present invention 1-3 is used is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, a planting fruit-trees hybridization pollination device, including a support plate 1, the support plate 1 are equipped with a band and open
For the pipeline 2 of the annular of mouth and one for placing the tipper 3 of emasculation flower spike, the pipeline 2 is supported in the branch by support rod 4
On fagging 1, the support rod 4 is more, and the more support rods 4 are retractable support lever.Support rod 4 is set in the present embodiment
Four, scalable setting can make height locating for pipeline 2 can be according to the height adjustment of flower spike, to improve pollination success rate.Institute
The lower section that tipper 3 is set to the pipeline 2 is stated, is offered on the tipper 3 multiple for being inserted into inserting for emasculation flower spike end
Hole.One end of the pipeline 2 is connected with an induced draught system, and the induced draught system is set in the support plate 1 by lifting platform 9,
Lifting platform 9 uses lifting platform in the prior art.The pipeline 2 is equipped with a pollen slot in one end of the induced draught system
(not shown) is spaced apart on the side wall towards the tipper 3 of the pipeline 2 and is equipped with multiple through-holes 4.The tipper 3
Periphery is provided with baffle, wherein offers opening on the baffle 5 of lower one end of tipper 3, the opening be connected with one to
On the aspiration channel 6 that is obliquely installed, the aspiration channel 6 is connected with suspended hood 7, and the suspended hood in the present embodiment is pocket type suspended hood.
Suction ventilator (not shown) is equipped in the suspended hood 7, the suction ventilator is fixed by the bracket being set in dust hood 7.The suction
The other end of fan housing 7 is connected with a collection tube cell 8 tilted down, and the other end of the collection tube cell 8 passes through the pipe of the pipeline 2
Road wall and the top for being located at pollen slot.The other end of the pipeline 2 is connected to the suspended hood 7.The present invention will be used to place and go
The groove body of male flower fringe is set as tipper, and the extra pollen of blowout can be made (falling down from flower spike or do not drop down onto flower in flower spike
Powder) it drops down onto tipper 3, it slides further along the rake of tipper 3 to lower one end, convenient for the receipts of 6 sum aggregate tube cell 8 of aspiration channel
Collection, avoids the waste of pollen.
Further, the pipeline 2 is the bend pipe (both ends are not closed) for bending to class ellipse, and the tipper 3 is class
Ellipse, the horizontal projected area of the tipper 3 are equal to or slightly less than the pipeline and are formed by the elliptical area of class, so that
It is fully dropped down on tipper 3 from the pollen being blown out in the through-hole of pipeline 2.In the present embodiment, the horizontal of the tipper 3 is thrown
Shadow area is less than the pipeline and is formed by the elliptical area of class.
Further, the induced draught system includes cover 10, the blower (not shown) in the cover 10 and is set to
The adjusting knob 11 for being used to adjust rotation speed of fan (i.e. adjusting air quantity) on the cover 10, the adjusting knob 11 and the wind
Machine connection.Power supply is additionally provided on cover 10, blower is electrically connected to a power source.Certainly, in other embodiments, blower can also be with external electricity
Source connection.
Further, pipeline 2 is easy dampness in order to prevent, causes pollen to stick on 2 inner wall of pipeline, the institute in the present embodiment
It states in pipeline 2 and is also coated with damp-proof layer.
In use, the blower in induced draught system blows afloat the pollen in pollen slot, makes pollen in pipe after opening induced draught system
It flows in road and is sent out from pore, pollen is dropped down onto the emasculation flower spike on tipper 3 under the action of induced draught system, be can be realized
Pollination.When there is extra pollen to fall on tipper 3, the blower being set in suspended hood is opened, pollen can pass through air draught
Pipe 6,7 sum aggregate tube cell 8 of suspended hood are back in pollen slot, are utilized again, avoid the waste of pollen.And due to pipeline 2
End is also connected to suspended hood 7, avoids accumulation of the pollen in 2 end of pipeline, further avoids the waste of pollen.
The heat and moisture preserving pregermination device that the embodiment of the present invention 1-3 is used is as follows:
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a kind of seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device, including device noumenon 12, described device ontology 12
Top be equipped with air hole (not shown).The middle and upper part of described device ontology 12 is equipped with kind of a subrack 13, and described kind of subrack 13 is tool
There is the rack of multiple pores.The bottom of described kind of subrack 13 is equipped with the first heating wire 14, and the upper surface of described kind of subrack 13 is equipped with
Moisture-heat preservation layer 15, moisture-heat preservation layer described in the present embodiment 15 are selected as gauze.The moisture-heat preservation layer 15 is passed equipped with temperature
Sensor 16 and humidity sensor 17.The lower part of described device ontology 12 is equipped with storage area 18, and the bottom of the storage area 18 is equipped with
Second heating wire 19, the second heating wire 19 is set to the interior bottom of storage area 18 in the present embodiment, second in certain other embodiments
Heating wire 19 may be alternatively provided between the outer bottom of storage area 18 and the interior bottom of device noumenon 12.Add when to the second heating wire 19
When hot, the evaporation rate of water in storage area 18 can be improved.A rotation is additionally provided between the storage area 18 and described kind of subrack 13
Door 20, the length of the rotating plate 201 are equal to the length of device noumenon 12, the i.e. interior table at the both ends of rotating plate 201 and device noumenon 12
Face contact.The width of the revolving door 20 is equal to or slightly less than the width of described device ontology 12, revolving door 20 in the present embodiment
Width be equal to described device ontology 12 width.The lateral surface of described device ontology 12 is equipped with driving device 21 and controller
22.The side opposite with the driving device 21 of described device ontology 12 is additionally provided with a cylinder 23, and the one of the revolving door 20
End is rotatably connected with the cylinder 23, and the other end of the revolving door 20 is connect with the driving device 21；The temperature passes
Sensor 16, humidity sensor 17, the first heating wire 14, the second heating wire 19 and driving device 21 connect with the controller 22
It connects.
Suitable temperature and humidity is preset in controller 22, if the preset value of temperature is 25-35 DEG C.Temperature sensor 16
It is respectively used to temperature collection and humidity with humidity sensor 17, when temperature is lower than preset value, controller 22 controls the first electric heating
Silk 14 is begun to warm up；When temperature is higher than preset value, controller 22 controls the first heating wire 14 and stops heating.When humidity is lower than
When preset value, controller 22 controls the rotation that driving device 21 rotates and then drives revolving door 20, makes the vertical shape of revolving door 20
State, so that the water in storage area 18 can be evaporated in kind of subrack 13.When humidity is higher than preset value, the control driving dress of controller 22
Set 21 rotations so that drive revolving door 20 rotation, make 20 horizontality of revolving door, by storage area 18 with plant subrack 13 every
From preventing the water in storage area 18 from continuing to be evaporated in kind of subrack 13, be finally reached the effect of moisture-heat preservation.
Further, in this embodiment first heating wire 14 is more, one end connection of the more heating wire 3
It is connect again with the controller 22 after one.
Further, in this embodiment the driving device 21 be preferably motor, one end of the rotary shaft of the motor with
The revolving door 20 connects.
Further, in this embodiment the revolving door 20 is specially including a rotating plate 201 and to be arranged in the rotating plate
Shaft 202 (such as Fig. 4) on 201, and the shaft 202 passes through the middle part of the rotating plate 201.One end of the shaft 202 with
The rotation axis connection of the motor, the other end of the shaft 202 are rotatably inserted in the cylinder 23.
Further, the side of described device ontology 12 offers transparency window 24, cannot be only used in observation kind subrack 13
The germination of seed, it may also be used for whether the rotational case of observation revolving door 20, such as revolving door 20 rotate to horizontal plane.
Embodiment 1
A kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes, comprising the following steps:
S1. suitable hybrid Parent is selected according to breeding objective；
S2. pollen is collected when male parent is bloomed, is put into the vacuum seal box of silica-gel desiccant, after drying for 24 hours, is ground into
- 20 DEG C of refrigerators are sealed after pollen；
S3. the emasculation before female parent will bloom manually removes colored cap, prevents self-pollination；Bagging is handled after emasculation,
Prevent external source pollen from pollinating；
S4. after maternal emasculation 1 day, column cap, which emits, has droplet that can pollinate；
S5. pollination is operated using fruit tree hybridization pollination device, after pollination, is pollinated 1 time again within second day, after having awarded powder every time
Bagging；
S6. it is harvested after fruit full maturity；
S7. after harvesting, fruit is directly placed into refrigerator and is stored 40 days for 4 DEG C, so that seed obtains certain chilling requirement；
S8. after storing 40 days, seed is taken out from pulp, after being rinsed with water completely, with the aqueous solution containing fungicide
It impregnates 30 hours, it is primary to change aqueous solution within 10 hours；
S9. after impregnating, seed is lain in the pallet for being successively lined with absorbent cotton and gauze from top to bottom, seed upper layer is covered
Lid one layer of gauze, then soaks absorbent cotton and gauze；It is then placed within progress vernalization training in seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device
It supports, the temperature being arranged in described device is 25 DEG C, humidity 80%；
S10. cultivate 8 days, seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5-1cm when, by seed be transferred to tool nutrient matrix hole tray in, thin soil covers
Lid, hole tray cover transparency cover moisturizing, are placed on illumination cultivation frame, and illumination condition: 100 μm of olm-2s-1, temperature is arranged
25 ℃；When seed germination is unearthed and grows 2 cotyledons, transparency cover is taken off, keep water supply in media sufficient；
S11. it when seedling length to 4-6 piece leaf, is transferred in degradable Seedling bag, can transplant within normal management 5-7 days
It grows and manages into greenhouse.
Embodiment 2
A kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes, comprising the following steps:
S1. suitable hybrid Parent is selected according to breeding objective；
S2. pollen is collected when male parent is bloomed, is put into the vacuum seal box of silica-gel desiccant, after drying for 24 hours, is ground into
- 20 DEG C of refrigerators are sealed after pollen；
S3. the emasculation before female parent will bloom manually removes colored cap, prevents self-pollination；Bagging is handled after emasculation,
Prevent external source pollen from pollinating；
S4. after maternal emasculation 2 days, column cap, which emits, has droplet that can pollinate；
S5. pollination is operated using fruit tree hybridization pollination device, after pollination, is pollinated 1 time again within second day, after having awarded powder every time
Bagging；
S6. it is harvested after fruit full maturity；
S7. after harvesting, fruit is directly placed into refrigerator and is stored 30 days for 4 DEG C, so that seed obtains certain chilling requirement；
S8. after storing 30 days, seed is taken out from pulp, after being rinsed with water completely, with the aqueous solution containing fungicide
It impregnates 24 hours, it is primary to change aqueous solution within 8 hours；
S9. after impregnating, seed is lain in the pallet for being successively lined with absorbent cotton and gauze from top to bottom, seed upper layer is covered
Lid one layer of gauze, then soaks absorbent cotton and gauze；It is then placed within progress vernalization training in seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device
It supports, the temperature being arranged in described device is 25 DEG C, humidity 80%；
S10. cultivate 7 days, seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5-1cm when, by seed be transferred to tool nutrient matrix hole tray in, thin soil covers
Lid, hole tray cover transparency cover moisturizing, are placed on illumination cultivation frame, and illumination condition: 100 μm of olm-2s-1, temperature is arranged
25 ℃；When seed germination is unearthed and grows 2 cotyledons, transparency cover is taken off, keep water supply in media sufficient；
S11. it when seedling length to 4-6 piece leaf, is transferred in degradable Seedling bag, can transplant within normal management 5-7 days
It grows and manages into greenhouse.
Embodiment 3
A kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes, comprising the following steps:
S1. suitable hybrid Parent is selected according to breeding objective；
S2. pollen is collected when male parent is bloomed, is put into the vacuum seal box of silica-gel desiccant, after drying for 24 hours, is ground into
- 20 DEG C of refrigerators are sealed after pollen；
S3. female parent will the flowers are in blossom flower before emasculation, i.e., manually remove colored cap, prevent self-pollination；After emasculation at bagging
Reason prevents external source pollen from pollinating；
S4. after maternal emasculation 2 days, column cap, which emits, has droplet that can pollinate；
S5. pollination is operated using fruit tree hybridization pollination device, after pollination, is pollinated 1 time again within second day, after having awarded powder every time
Bagging；
S6. it is harvested after fruit full maturity；
S7. after harvesting, fruit is directly placed into refrigerator and is stored 45 days for 4 DEG C, so that seed obtains certain chilling requirement；
S8. after storing 45 days, seed is taken out from pulp, after being rinsed with water completely, with the aqueous solution containing fungicide
It impregnates 36 hours, it is primary to change aqueous solution within 12 hours；
S9. after impregnating, seed is lain in the pallet for being successively lined with absorbent cotton and gauze from top to bottom, seed upper layer is covered
Lid one layer of gauze, then soaks absorbent cotton and gauze；It is then placed within progress vernalization training in seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device
It supports, the temperature being arranged in described device is 25 DEG C, humidity 80%；
S10. cultivate 10 days, seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5-1cm when, by seed be transferred to tool nutrient matrix hole tray in, thin soil covers
Lid, hole tray cover transparency cover moisturizing, are placed on illumination cultivation frame, and illumination condition: 100 μm of olm-2s-1, temperature is arranged
25 ℃；When seed germination is unearthed and grows 2 cotyledons, transparency cover is taken off, keep water supply in media sufficient；
S11. it when seedling length to 4-6 piece leaf, is transferred in degradable Seedling bag, can transplant within normal management 5-7 days
It grows and manages into greenhouse.
In order to illustrate technical effect of the invention, applicant carried out following comparative testing.
Using the sunlight Moldova rose * as test material, following control group is set and test group carries out comparative test, test
The results are shown in Table 1.
Control group 1: the pollinating process of step S5 uses conventional method, specifically: the pollination of brosse column cap is dipped in hairbrush,
Column cap.In addition to the above steps, remaining step is identical with the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Control group 2: step S7 replacement are as follows: seed is taken out after fruit harvesting and is cleaned, sand storage waits for second year spring 2-3 month
Vernalization obtains chilling requirement using overwintering.In addition to the above steps, remaining step is identical with the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Control group 3: the presprouting of seeds process of step S9 carries out vernalization without using heat and moisture preserving pregermination device, but directly puts
It cultivates indoors.In addition to the above steps, remaining step is identical with the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Test group: using the sunlight Moldova rose * as test material, using method identical with the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Table 1: the breeding situation of different disposal
As shown in Table 1, compared with the conventional pollinating method that control group 1 uses, the fruit tree hybridization pollination that the present invention uses is filled
It sets so that pollination efficiency improves 7.5-8 times, pollination rate improves 25% or more；Compared with the seed treatment that contrast groups 2 use,
The present invention shortens breeding cycle up to 6 months or more by the way of refrigerator cold-storage；In addition, from control group 3 as can be seen that the present invention
The heat and moisture preserving pregermination device of use makes the germination rate of seed improve 35% or more.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the patents of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of southern area method for cultivating grapes, which comprises the following steps:
S1. suitable hybrid Parent is selected according to breeding objective；
S2. pollen is collected when male parent is bloomed, is put into the vacuum seal box of silica-gel desiccant, after drying for 24 hours, is ground into pollen
- 20 DEG C of refrigerators are sealed afterwards；
S3. the emasculation before female parent will bloom manually removes colored cap, prevents self-pollination；Bagging is handled after emasculation, is prevented
The pollination of external source pollen；
S4. after maternal emasculation 1-2 days, column cap, which emits, has droplet that can pollinate；
S5. pollination is operated using fruit tree hybridization pollination device, after pollination, is pollinated 1 time within second day again, has been awarded powder rear enclosure every time
Bag；
S6. it is harvested after fruit full maturity；
S7. after harvesting, fruit is directly placed into refrigerator and is stored 30-45 days for 4 DEG C, so that seed obtains certain chilling requirement；
S8. after storing 30-45 days, seed is taken out from pulp, after being rinsed with water completely, is soaked with the aqueous solution containing fungicide
Bubble 24-36 hours, it is primary to change aqueous solution in 8-12 hours；
S9. after impregnating, seed is lain in the pallet for being successively lined with absorbent cotton and gauze from top to bottom, seed upper layer covering one
Layer gauze, then soaks absorbent cotton and gauze；It is then placed within progress vernalization culture in seed heat and moisture preserving pregermination device, if
Setting the temperature in described device is 25 DEG C, humidity 80%；
S10. cultivate 7-10 days, seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5-1cm when, by seed be transferred to tool nutrient matrix hole tray in, thin soil cover,
Hole tray covers transparency cover moisturizing, is placed on illumination cultivation frame, and illumination condition: 100 μm of olm-2s-1, temperature 25 is arranged
℃；When seed germination is unearthed and grows 2 cotyledons, transparency cover is taken off, keep water supply in media sufficient；
S11. it when seedling length to 4-6 piece leaf, is transferred in degradable Seedling bag, can transplant to big within normal management 5-7 days
It grows and manages in canopy.
2. southern area method for cultivating grapes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fruit tree of the step S5 hybridizes
Pollinating device includes a support plate, and the support plate is equipped with a pipeline and one is used to place the tipper of emasculation flower spike, described
Pipeline is by they sup-port in the support plate, and the support rod is more, and the more support rods are retractable supports
Bar；The tipper is set to the lower section of the pipeline；One end of the pipeline is connected with an induced draught system, and the induced draught system is set
In in the support plate, the pipeline is equipped with a pollen slot in one end of the induced draught system, the pipeline towards institute
It states to be spaced apart on the side wall of tipper and is equipped with multiple through-holes；Lower one end of the tipper is equipped with a baffle, on the baffle
Opening is offered, the opening is connected with an aspiration channel being obliquely installed upwards, and the aspiration channel is connected with suspended hood, the suction
Suction ventilator is equipped in fan housing, the other end of the suspended hood is connected with a collection tube cell tilted down, described to collect the another of tube cell
It holds the duct wall across the pipeline and is located at the top of pollen slot；The other end of the pipeline is connected to the suspended hood.
3. southern area method for cultivating grapes according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the pipeline is class ellipse
Bend pipe, the tipper are class ellipse, and the horizontal projected area of the tipper is equal to or slightly less than the pipeline and is formed
The elliptical area of class；It is offered on the tipper multiple for being inserted into the jack of emasculation flower spike end；In the pipeline also
Equipped with damp-proof layer.
4. southern area method for cultivating grapes according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the induced draught system passes through lifting
Platform is set in the support plate；The induced draught system includes cover, is set to the intracorporal blower of the cover and is set on the cover
For adjusting the adjusting knob of air quantity, the adjusting knob is connect with the blower.
5. southern area method for cultivating grapes according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the fruit tree hybridization pollination device
Application method are as follows: first emasculation flower spike is placed on tipper, pollen is put into pollen slot, in use, open induced draught system, draw
Blower in wind system blows afloat the pollen in pollen slot, so that pollen is flowed in pipeline and is sent out from pore, pollen is in air inducing
It is dropped down under the action of system in the emasculation flower spike on tipper, pollination can be realized；When there is extra pollen to fall to tipper
When upper, the blower being set in suspended hood was opened, pollen can be back in pollen slot by aspiration channel, suspended hood sum aggregate tube cell.
6. southern area method for cultivating grapes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seed of the step S9 is kept the temperature
Moisturizing pregermination device includes device noumenon, and the middle and upper part of described device ontology is equipped with kind of a subrack, and described kind of subrack is with multiple
The rack of pore；The bottom of described kind of subrack is equipped with the first heating wire, and the upper surface of described kind of subrack is equipped with moisture-heat preservation layer；Institute
Moisture-heat preservation layer is stated equipped with temperature sensor and humidity sensor；The lower part of described device ontology is equipped with storage area, the storage
The bottom in pool is equipped with the second heating wire；A revolving door, described device sheet are additionally provided between the storage area and described kind of subrack
The lateral surface of body is equipped with driving device and controller；The side opposite with the driving device of described device ontology is additionally provided with one
Cylinder, one end of the revolving door are rotatably connected with the cylinder, and the other end of the revolving door and the driving device connect
It connects；The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, the first heating wire, the second heating wire and driving device connect with the controller
It connects.
7. southern area method for cultivating grapes according to claim 6, which is characterized in that first heating wire is more
Root, one end of the more heating wire are connect with the controller again after being connected in one.
8. southern area method for cultivating grapes according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the driving device is motor,
One end of the rotary shaft of the motor is connect with the revolving door；The revolving door includes a rotating plate and is arranged on the rotating plate
Shaft, and the shaft pass through the rotating plate middle part；The rotation axis connection of one end of the shaft and the motor, it is described
The other end of shaft is rotatably inserted in the cylinder；The width of the revolving door is equal to or slightly less than described device ontology
Width；
9. southern area method for cultivating grapes according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the top of described device ontology is also
Equipped with air hole；The side of described device ontology is also provided with transparency window；The moisture-heat preservation layer is gauze.
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| JPH04287622A (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-10-13 | Tadao Totsuka | Method for pollinating fruit flower |
| US5956897A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-09-28 | Takashima; Yasukazu | Automatic plant growing and harvesting system |
| CN1887054A (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-01-03 | 宋金铸 | Breeding and cultivating method for cold tolerant grape |
| CN102217464A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-10-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Combined cyclone separation/collection device and method for separating and collecting pollen |
| CN202197644U (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-04-25 | 四川省正奇农业开发有限责任公司 | Artificial pollination device |
| CN105850710A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | Rapid seed breeding method for seedless grapes |
| CN206165124U (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-05-17 | 昆明学院 | A device that is used for bulbil konjaku vernalization transfer |
| CN107864792A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-03 | 广州世果汇农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of grape |
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2019
- 2019-09-09 CN CN201910845913.6A patent/CN110476696B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04287622A (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-10-13 | Tadao Totsuka | Method for pollinating fruit flower |
| US5956897A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-09-28 | Takashima; Yasukazu | Automatic plant growing and harvesting system |
| CN1887054A (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-01-03 | 宋金铸 | Breeding and cultivating method for cold tolerant grape |
| CN102217464A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-10-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Combined cyclone separation/collection device and method for separating and collecting pollen |
| CN202197644U (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-04-25 | 四川省正奇农业开发有限责任公司 | Artificial pollination device |
| CN105850710A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | Rapid seed breeding method for seedless grapes |
| CN107864792A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-03 | 广州世果汇农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of grape |
| CN206165124U (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-05-17 | 昆明学院 | A device that is used for bulbil konjaku vernalization transfer |
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Application publication date: 20191122 Assignee: Guangxi Nanning Yibaiyou Agricultural Investment Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046015 Denomination of invention: A Method of Grape Breeding in Southern Regions Granted publication date: 20210702 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |
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