CN110474470B - Low-loss low-noise totally-enclosed self-ventilation traction motor for 100% low-floor vehicle - Google Patents
Low-loss low-noise totally-enclosed self-ventilation traction motor for 100% low-floor vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN110474470B CN110474470B CN201910618554.0A CN201910618554A CN110474470B CN 110474470 B CN110474470 B CN 110474470B CN 201910618554 A CN201910618554 A CN 201910618554A CN 110474470 B CN110474470 B CN 110474470B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
- H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/08—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium circulating wholly within the machine casing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a totally-enclosed self-ventilation traction motor for a low-floor vehicle. The motor comprises a base, a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, a transmission end cover and a non-transmission end cover, wherein the transmission end cover and the non-transmission end cover are respectively arranged on two sides of the base; an irregular spot-facing hole and a large air hole are formed in the outer edge of the periphery of a stator punching sheet in stator assembly, a stator pressing ring air duct communicated with the irregular spot-facing hole and the large air hole is formed in the position, close to the edge of the stator pressing ring, an air inlet communicated with the stator pressing ring air duct is formed in a non-transmission end cover, and an air outlet communicated with the spot-facing hole, the large air hole and the stator pressing ring air duct is formed in a transmission end cover; an air duct, a large air hole and a stator pressing ring air duct formed between the spot facing and the inner wall of the machine base form an external circulation air path together; the periphery of the stator punching sheet is also provided with small air holes positioned in a closed space inside the motor, an air gap is arranged between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, and the rotor is provided with an axial ventilation channel; the small air holes, the air gaps and the rotor axial ventilation channel form two paths of internal circulation air paths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of traction motors, in particular to a totally-enclosed self-ventilation traction motor with low loss and low noise for a 100% low-floor vehicle.
Background
The 100% low-floor light rail vehicle is a rail traffic vehicle with the floor surface being less than 250-400 mm from the rail surface, and the floor surface of the low-floor vehicle is 40% lower than the rail surface by 70%. The track can be directly laid on the road surface or the original tramcar track can be utilized, and the vehicle can adapt to the road condition of the urban ground through a curve with a small radius, so that the manufacturing cost of the line can be obviously reduced. The train marshalling of 100% low-floor light rail vehicles is generally 4-5 sections, the total length is 33-35 m, the train marshalling belongs to a medium-traffic mode, and the train marshalling is suitable for serving as trunk traffic of medium and small cities and branch traffic of large cities. The 100% low-floor vehicle requires low floor surface, small axle weight, small turning radius, spacious passenger room, and oversized door and window, so the space for installing vehicle equipment is narrow, which has great difference with the general subway traffic system, and causes certain difficulty for arranging and installing equipment under the vehicle body. The length of the installation space of the traction motor vehicle bottom of the 100% low-floor vehicle is shortened by 12.7% compared with that of the 70% low-floor vehicle, the traction and braking capacity is improved by nearly 20% compared with that of the 70% low-floor vehicle, and the passenger carrying capacity is improved by nearly 20%. Compared with a 70% low-floor vehicle traction motor, the volume limit is severer, and the requirement on light weight is higher; the requirements on the temperature rise and the noise performance of the motor are also more severe.
The existing motor with an opening structure is applied to a tramcar, 6-pole protection level IP23 is adopted, a base is cast by nodular cast iron, a stator core is sleeved with a hot jacket, a rotor is of a squirrel-cage conducting bar end ring welding structure, and a single fan and single-end bearing structure is matched with a gear box bearing for use. The main parameters of the motor are as follows:
the rated power is 130kW, the rated voltage is 500V, and the rated rotating speed is 1800 r/min.
The electromagnetic performance of the motor can meet the requirements of 100% low-floor vehicle characteristics, and the motor slot is matched into 54/44, 6-pole open type self-ventilation. High-frequency electromagnetic noise exists in the motor in the operation frequency range. The self-ventilation opening structure is arranged at the bottom of the low-floor vehicle, rainwater easily enters the motor from the air inlet and the air outlet, and then enters the junction box from the position of the outgoing line, so that the three-phase outgoing line is burnt. The weight of the motor is 486kg, and the requirement that the weight of the motor of the 100 percent low-floor vehicle is less than or equal to 440kg cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention meets the requirements of low floor vehicle installation space, installation mode and motor limit value weight by reasonably designing 100% of low floor vehicle motor structure, mainly researches the matching design of ventilation and heat dissipation and temperature rise of the totally-enclosed motor, selects and accumulates electromagnetic parameters of the totally-enclosed motor, and considers the noise reduction design of the totally-enclosed motor. The specific technical problems are shown in the following contents:
1) the requirements of 100 percent of low-floor vehicle traction motor on structural strength, weight, low rotating speed and long-term work in the same field are met.
2) The rotor is designed into a squirrel cage structure with a fan, intensity calculation and analysis are carried out, the intensity is guaranteed to meet the requirement of long-time high-speed rotation, and meanwhile the requirements of low-speed and high-speed vibration limit values are met.
3) The motor is designed in a light weight mode, and the weight of the whole motor is less than or equal to 440 kg.
4) The inside rotor pressing plate blade that relies on of motor rotates and realizes heat dissipation balance, and the motor punching is provided with outer wind path heat dissipation, and the motor temperature rise satisfies the requirement.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a totally-enclosed self-ventilation traction motor with low loss and low noise for a 100% low-floor vehicle comprises a base, a transmission end cover and a non-transmission end cover which are respectively arranged at two sides of the base, and a stator assembly and a rotor assembly which are positioned in the base; a bearing cover is fixed on the inner side of the non-transmission end cover, a bearing is arranged in the center of the bearing cover, and a rotating shaft is supported on the bearing; the rotating shaft is provided with a fan at the outer part of the bearing cover, and the end cover of the non-transmission end is provided with an air inlet; the circumference of the bearing cover is hermetically connected with the stator pressing ring on the same side in stator assembly, and the circumference of the transmission end cover is hermetically connected with the stator pressing ring on the same side, so that the full sealing of the interior of the motor is realized; an irregular spot-facing hole and a large air hole are formed in the outer edge of the periphery of a stator punching sheet in stator assembly, a stator pressing ring air duct communicated with the irregular spot-facing hole and the large air hole is formed in the position, close to the edge of the stator pressing ring, a non-transmission end air inlet communicated with the stator pressing ring air duct is formed in a non-transmission end cover, and an air outlet communicated with the spot-facing hole, the large air hole and the stator pressing ring air duct is formed in a transmission end cover; an air duct, a large air hole and a stator pressing ring air duct formed between the spot facing and the inner wall of the machine base form an external circulation air path together; the periphery of the stator punching sheet is also provided with small air holes positioned in a totally closed space at the position radially smaller than the large air holes, an air gap is arranged between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, and the rotor is provided with an axial ventilation duct; blades are arranged on the periphery of a rotor pressing plate of which the rotor is assembled at one side of the non-transmission end to form an auxiliary fan; the small air holes, the air gaps and the rotor axial ventilation channel form two paths of internal circulation air paths.
In the invention, the motor wind path structure adopts a self-ventilation structure, the non-transmission end cover, the stator pressing ring, the stator punching sheet ventilation hole and the fan form an outer motor ventilation wind path, and the rotor ventilation hole, the stator and rotor clearance and the rotor pressing plate blade (auxiliary fan) form an inner wind path to cool the motor. The cooling air is divided into three paths to dissipate heat of the motor (shown by arrows in fig. 2). A non-transmission end fan is arranged on the route, and is fed into a stator pressing ring air duct-a stator punching sheet air duct (an irregular air duct and an unevenly distributed great circle) -a transmission end stator pressing ring-a transmission end cover through an air inlet of a non-transmission end cover so as to cool a stator core; one path of air flows through an axial ventilation channel of the rotor core, a rotor pressing plate blade, an air gap between the stator and the rotor, and the surface of the rotor core is cooled; one path flows through an axial ventilation channel of a rotor core, a stator punching sheet ventilation channel (small holes are not uniformly distributed on the inner ring) and a rotor pressing plate blade to radiate the stator and the rotor.
Furthermore, an 54/48 groove is adopted to match with a 6-pole fully-closed self-ventilation motor, and electromagnetic parameters are selected in an optimized mode. The comparison condition of the electromagnetic parameters of the motor and the electromagnetic parameters of the open-type self-ventilation motor is as follows:
the electromagnetic load of the fully-closed self-ventilation motor and the deviation of the open self-ventilation motor are controlled within 10%, the electric load is lower than that of the open motor by more than 10%, the whole loss and various losses of the motor are reduced by more than 5%, the total loss of the motor and the deviation of the open self-ventilation motor are smaller by 2.7%, and the total loss deviation is less than 0.5 kW.
Further, the rotor pressing plate auxiliary fan is integrally made of silicon steel sheets; the large and small air holes are not regularly arranged around the center of the stator punching sheet; the weight of the whole machine is less than or equal to 440 kg.
The stator adopts a laminated non-shell welding structure; the stator core is formed by laminating stator punching sheets, and the stator punching sheets are formed by punching cold-rolled electrical steel sheets with high magnetic permeability and low loss.
The invention relates to a totally-enclosed 6-pole 54/48-slot matched self-ventilation traction motor for a 100% low-floor vehicle, which has smaller volume, lighter weight, low motor temperature rise and superior noise performance compared with a self-ventilation asynchronous traction motor with the same power grade in the field of urban rail transit.
a) And the whole motor structure: totally closed horizontal single bearing structure.
b) And a motor cooling mode: and (4) natural ventilation cooling, wherein cooling air is used for ventilating and radiating through an external air path of the motor.
c) And the rotor pressing plate is provided with 12 fan blades outside the iron core pressing function, and is used for balancing the heat flow in the motor and reducing the temperature of the motor rotor.
d) The invention adopts a 6-pole totally-enclosed motor which is different from a same-power-level slot, the magnetic density and the electric density of the motor are lower, the copper consumption of a stator and a rotor is lower, the stray loss of the motor is lower, and the harmonic suppression capability is strong. The total loss of the rated point is reduced by 3.5 percent compared with the open-type motor.
Long-time temperature rise test is carried out under the conditions that the rated power is 120kW, the voltage is 530V and the rotating speed is similar:
and (3) long-time temperature rise of the totally-enclosed motor in test (rotating speed 1963 r/min): 126K;
the long-time temperature rise (the rotating speed is 1800 r/min)) of the open-type motor test is 121K;
e) and the selection is matched with a brand new groove in the same field, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 radial force waves of the motor operation frequency section are eliminated, only 6 radial force waves are generated, and the electromagnetic noise of the motor is greatly reduced.
The noise value of the sound power level of the totally-enclosed motor (rotating speed 4500 r/min): 101dB (A);
noise value of sound power level of an open-type motor (rotating speed 3900 r/min): 108.4 dB (A).
f) And the light-weight structure scheme is designed:
the rotor end plate adopts silicon steel sheet to replace steel sheet, increases effective iron length, and realizes losing weight under the condition of guaranteeing that magnetism, electric load are equivalent.
The pressing plate-auxiliary fan integration replaces a pure steel plate design structure of the pressing plate, accessories are reduced, and meanwhile, a fan blade sheet welding structure is designed, so that the weight reduction of the motor is facilitated.
The air holes of the inner air passages are uniformly distributed on the stator punching sheet, so that the magnetic passages are uniformly distributed reasonably, and the weight of the stator part is effectively reduced.
The stator punching sheet external air path adopts the arrangement of the uneven ventilation holes and the irregular ventilation holes, so that the magnetic circuit of the stator part is ensured to be smooth, the structural strength of the stator part is ensured simultaneously, and the weight reduction design of the stator part is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention brings beneficial effects
The technical scheme of the invention is used for 100% low-floor vehicle totally-enclosed traction motors, fills the technical blank of the domestic 100% low-floor vehicle totally-enclosed traction motors, optimizes the slot matching and wind path structure suitable for the low-floor vehicle totally-enclosed motors, and provides reference and basis for the electromagnetic design and the structural design of the totally-enclosed subway motors. The motor has excellent performance and high reliability, and all indexes completely meet the running requirements of the floor vehicle. The proper groove matching of the motor effectively avoids electromagnetic noise, eliminates low-order radial force waves, reduces the electromagnetic noise of high frequency range and low frequency range of the motor, and further reduces the harm of low floor vehicle noise to human bodies and environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a traction motor according to the present invention.
1-rotor assembly, 2-bearing, 3-fan, 4-speed sensor, 5-non-transmission end cover, 6-rotor pressing plate blade, 7-stator assembly, 8-transmission end cover and 9-coupling;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an air path structure.
10-an air inlet, 11-a non-transmission end air inlet, 12-a stator pressing ring air duct, 13-a stator iron core air duct, 14-an external circulation air duct, 15-stator pressing ring air outlet and 16-an internal circulation air duct;
fig. 3 stator lamination diagram.
17-irregular spot facing, 18-big wind hole and 19-small wind hole.
Detailed Description
The motor of the invention is composed of a stator, a rotor, a non-transmission end cover, a fan, a transmission end cover, a bearing, a coupling and the like. The stator adopts a laminated welding structure without a shell. The stator core is formed by laminating stator punching sheets, and the stator punching sheets are formed by punching cold-rolled electrical steel sheets with high magnetic permeability and low loss. The stator punching sheet is complex in shape and provided with an irregular spot-facing hole and large and small air holes, the air duct and the large air hole are formed after the irregular spot-facing hole is welded with the external pulling plate to achieve rapid heat dissipation, and the small air hole achieves local rapid heat dissipation. Be equipped with stator coil in the stator, stator coil is deposited the wire by the film and winds and form, and turn-to-turn insulation adopts to deposit the film, and the main insulation adopts mica tape and the polyimide film of glass cloth reinforcement, and the pad is put to turn-to-turn filler strip when coil nose portion coiling for prevent coil nose portion dislocation. And after embedding, the whole vacuum pressure is soaked with insulating paint. Stator coil lead head adopts the electromagnetic wire overlap joint, is fixed in inside the terminal box, draws forth through the three-phase cable, and motor terminal box structural style leakproofness is good the reliability height. The motor rotor adopts a copper bar squirrel-cage structure. The non-transmission end is fixed with a fan and an end cover, the end cover is supported with a rotating shaft through a bearing, the rotating shaft is provided with a rotor core, the rotor core is formed by laminating rotor punching sheets, and the rotor pressing plate and the punching sheets are provided with axial ventilation holes for rotor heat dissipation. Rotor pressing plate bends, and the excircle is pressed at rotor punching notch position, adopts no coating silicon steel sheet transition between clamp plate and the punching, reduces the stress that receives towards the piece notch position, does not influence the motor electromagnetism distribution effect simultaneously. And a rotor pressing plate balance groove is eliminated, and the ventilation gap between the end ring and the rotor pressing plate is increased. The end cover is fixed with a bearing cover, and is provided with a sensor mounting seat for mounting a speed sensor; the fan is installed on the rotating shaft and is formed by welding a plurality of steel plates in a splicing mode, a fluted disc is machined on one side of the fan and used for transmitting a motor rotating speed signal, and the speed sensor outputs a dipulse signal with a phase difference of 90 degrees and is used for accurately controlling the rotating speed and the steering of the motor. In addition, a stator temperature sensor is arranged on the stator iron core and used for detecting the running temperature of the motor.
The motor stator disclosed by the invention has a compact structure, has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, good heat dissipation and cooling effects, good noise reduction performance and the like, and can meet the long-time running temperature rise requirement of a 100% low-floor vehicle.
Under the condition of sinusoidal power supply, compared with the condition of an open type self-ventilation test, under the condition that all parameters are equivalent, the temperature rise of the totally-closed self-ventilation motor is equivalent to that of the open type self-ventilation motor, and the noise level is better.
Temperature rise:
noise:
the technical key points of the invention are as follows:
1) electromagnetic calculation and traction characteristic research of 100% asynchronous traction totally-enclosed motor for low-floor vehicle
And analyzing and researching the traction characteristic curves and the braking characteristic curves of the different power characteristic points of the motor, and optimally designing the characteristic parameters.
2) Noise reduction design of totally-enclosed traction motor
The 6-pole 54/48 slot matching is selected, stator core resonance caused by electromagnetic radial force waves is reduced, and high-frequency and low-frequency motor operation noise is avoided.
3) Research on ventilation cooling structure of totally-enclosed asynchronous traction motor
The motor of the low floor vehicle has short installation space and compact structural design. The reasonable design ventilation cooling structure is the key, and it is difficult that the design of wind path heat dissipation satisfies the motor temperature rise demand.
4) Design for reducing temperature rise of totally-enclosed motor
The stator and the rotor are matched by adopting a few slots, so that the harmonic loss of the stator and the rotor is reduced, the integral loss of the motor is reduced, and the temperature rise of the motor is further reduced.
5) And the totally-enclosed motor is designed in a light weight manner.
Claims (8)
1. A totally-enclosed self-ventilation traction motor for a 100% low-floor vehicle comprises a base, a transmission end cover and a non-transmission end cover which are respectively arranged on two sides of the base, and a stator assembly and a rotor assembly which are positioned in the base; a bearing cover is fixed on the inner side of the non-transmission end cover, a bearing is arranged in the center of the bearing cover, and a rotating shaft is supported on the bearing; the fan is arranged on the outer side part of the bearing cover of the rotating shaft, and an air inlet is formed in the non-transmission end cover; the circumference of the bearing cover is hermetically connected with the stator pressing ring on the same side in stator assembly, and the circumference of the transmission end cover is hermetically connected with the stator pressing ring on the same side, so that the full sealing of the interior of the motor is realized; an irregular spot-facing hole and a large air hole are formed in the outer edge of the periphery of a stator punching sheet in stator assembly, a stator pressing ring air duct communicated with the irregular spot-facing hole and the large air hole is formed in the position, close to the edge of the stator pressing ring, a non-transmission end air inlet communicated with the stator pressing ring air duct is formed in a non-transmission end cover, and an air outlet communicated with the spot-facing hole, the large air hole and the stator pressing ring air duct is formed in a transmission end cover; an air duct, a large air hole and a stator pressing ring air duct formed between the spot facing and the inner wall of the machine base form an external circulation air path together; the periphery of the stator punching sheet is also provided with small air holes positioned in a totally closed space at the position radially smaller than the large air holes, an air gap is arranged between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, and the rotor is provided with an axial ventilation duct; blades are arranged on the periphery of a rotor pressing plate of which the rotor is assembled at one side of the non-transmission end to form an auxiliary fan; the small air holes, the air gaps and the rotor axial ventilation channel form two internal circulation air paths; the traction motor is a totally-enclosed 6-pole 54/48-slot matched traction motor; the rotor pressing plate auxiliary fan is integrally made of steel plates; the large wind hole and the small wind hole are not regularly arranged around the center of the stator punching sheet; the weight of the whole machine is less than or equal to 440 kg.
2. The 100% low floor automotive totally enclosed self-ventilating traction motor of claim 1 wherein the stator is a laminated, non-motor shell welded structure; the stator core is formed by laminating stator punching sheets, and the stator punching sheets are formed by punching cold-rolled electrical steel sheets with high magnetic permeability and low loss.
3. The fully-enclosed self-ventilating traction motor for 100% low-floor vehicles according to claim 1, wherein a stator coil is arranged in the stator, the stator coil is formed by winding a thin-film deposited wire, deposited thin films are adopted as inter-turn insulation, a mica tape and a polyimide film reinforced by glass cloth are adopted as main insulation, inter-turn filler strips are arranged when a coil nose is wound, and insulation paint is immersed in the whole body under vacuum pressure after the coil nose is embedded.
4. The 100% low floor vehicle totally enclosed self-ventilating traction motor of claim 1, wherein the rotor is a copper bar squirrel cage structure; and a coupling connected with the rotating shaft is arranged on the inner side of the transmission end cover.
5. The 100% low floor vehicle totally enclosed self-ventilating traction motor of claim 2, wherein the rotor is a copper bar squirrel cage structure; and a coupling connected with the rotating shaft is arranged on the inner side of the transmission end cover.
6. The 100% low floor vehicle totally-enclosed self-ventilating traction motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotor pressing plate is bent, the outer circle of the rotor pressing plate is pressed at the notch position of the rotor punching sheet, and uncoated silicon steel sheets are adopted for transition between the rotor pressing plate and the rotor punching sheet.
7. The 100% low floor vehicle totally enclosed self-ventilating traction motor of claim 1, wherein a speed sensor is fixed on the non-transmission end cover; the fan adopts the polylith steel sheet splice welding, processes into the fluted disc at fan unilateral for the transmission motor speed signal.
8. The fully-enclosed self-ventilating traction motor for 100% low-floor vehicles according to claim 3, wherein a speed sensor is fixed on the non-transmission end cover; the fan adopts the polylith steel sheet splice welding, processes into the fluted disc at fan unilateral for the transmission motor speed signal.
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| CN112653292B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-11-30 | 嵊州市玖和机电有限公司 | Motor with self-cooling system for fan |
| FR3119343B1 (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2023-01-27 | Alstom Transp Tech | Cooling device for an electric motor, motor assembly and associated vehicle |
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| CN113965019B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2024-01-23 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | Rotor heat radiation structure of sealed motor |
| CN114362424B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2024-04-19 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | High-speed self-ventilation traction motor |
| FR3131127B1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-12-29 | Alstom Holdings | Electric motor and public transport vehicle comprising such an engine |
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| CN108964354A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-07 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | A kind of totally-enclosed asynchronous traction motor on low floor vehicle |
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| CN110474470A (en) | 2019-11-19 |
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