CN110473513B - 一种微缝超材料声学夹层板 - Google Patents

一种微缝超材料声学夹层板 Download PDF

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CN110473513B
CN110473513B CN201910723520.8A CN201910723520A CN110473513B CN 110473513 B CN110473513 B CN 110473513B CN 201910723520 A CN201910723520 A CN 201910723520A CN 110473513 B CN110473513 B CN 110473513B
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任树伟
曾向阳
王海涛
雷烨
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微缝超材料声学夹层板，由微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板组成；在微缝超材料板上刻蚀微缝形成规则排布的局域共振子，在波纹层芯上开设规则排布的圆孔，从而使夹层板结构成为具有空腔的双层微穿孔吸音结构，同时保留其夹层板结构的隔音性能和独立承载能力；通过微缝超材料板上的局域共振子的禁带特性，可同时提高微缝超材料声学夹层板的吸音和隔音性能；将吸音和隔音性能融于同一种结构，吸音性能还能间接提升隔声性能；微缝超材料声学夹层板结构简单实用，具有较宽的中低频吸声和隔音频带，可独立承载且具有较高的比刚度和比强度，可作为室内墙体和其它独立吸隔音夹层板结构，具有良好且广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种微缝超材料声学夹层板
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种具备吸音和隔音功能，并可独立承载的微缝超材料声学夹层板。
背景技术
现有的微穿孔吸音板是一种利用带有空腔的板体上设置吸音孔的方式进行吸音减噪的板体，主要应用于音乐厅等室内场景。一般的微穿孔吸音板只有吸音功能，并且普遍存在着无法独立承载、空腔体积偏大的问题。
发明内容
为了避免现有技术存在的不足，克服传统微穿孔吸音板功能单一、无法独立承载、空腔体积偏大的问题；本发明提出一种微缝超材料声学夹层板。该微缝超材料声学夹层板通过在夹层板的上面板和层芯上刻蚀微缝或微孔，使夹层板成为具有空腔的双层微穿孔吸声结构；同时夹层板上面板上刻蚀的微缝形成规则排布的局域共振子，利用局域共振的特性可同时提高穿孔夹层板的吸音和隔音性能。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:包括微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板，其特征在于所述微缝超材料板与后面板相互平行，微缝超材料板与后面板相互平行，微缝超材料板朝向声源，后面板背向声源，穿孔波纹层芯位于微缝超材料板与后面板之间，微缝超材料板和后面板与穿孔波纹层芯采用钎焊固连或胶粘；穿孔波纹层芯的波纹高度为10～100mm，波纹跨度为11.5～346.5mm，波纹夹角为60～120°；微缝超材料板上纵横排布有若干局域共振子，局域共振子由一个矩形质量块和两个矩形悬臂梁组成，矩形悬臂梁短边与矩形质量块相连；所述微缝超材料板上局域共振子周边的微缝缝宽为0.2～0.9mm，长度为4～24mm；穿孔波纹层芯上设有规则排布的圆孔，圆孔的方向垂直于后面板。
所述微缝超材料板上开设微缝的总穿孔率为0.5％～5％。
所述微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板的厚度为0.1～1mm。
所述穿孔波纹层芯上开设圆孔的孔径为0.3～0.9mm，总穿孔率为0.5％～3％。
所述微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板的材质为铝合金。
有益效果
本发明提出的一种微缝超材料声学夹层板，由微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板组成；在微缝超材料板上刻蚀微缝形成规则排布的局域共振子，在波纹层芯上开设规则排布的圆孔，从而使夹层板结构形成为具有空腔的双层微穿孔吸音结构，同时保留其夹层板结构的隔音性能和独立承载能力；通过微缝超材料板上的局域共振子的禁带特性，可同时提高微缝超材料声学夹层板的吸音和隔音性能；将吸音和隔音性能融于同一种结构，吸音性能还能间接提升隔声性能；微缝超材料声学夹层板结构简单实用，具有较宽的中低频吸声和隔音频带，可独立承载且具有较高的比刚度和比强度，可作为室内墙体和其它独立吸隔音夹层板结构，具有良好且广泛的应用前景。
本发明微缝超材料声学夹层板的材质为铝合金。微缝超材料声学夹层板的最高吸声系数的提升，相比于传统微穿孔板吸声体提高了25.4％。微缝超材料声学夹层板的最高隔声系数的提升，相比于传统夹层板结构提高了30.1％。
本发明微缝超材料声学夹层板，微缝超材料声学夹层板的局域共振特性有效地抑制了夹层板结构的整体振动，提升了隔声波谷的隔声系数，相比于传统夹层板结构提高了49％。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明一种微缝超材料声学夹层板作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明微缝超材料声学夹层板三维结构示意图。
图2为本发明微缝超材料声学夹层板的局域共振子示意图。
图中
1.微缝超材料板 2.穿孔波纹层芯 3.后面板 4.局域共振子 5.矩形质量块 6.矩形悬臂梁
具体实施方式
本实施例是一种微缝超材料声学夹层板。
参阅图1、图2，本实施例微缝超材料声学夹层板由微缝超材料板1、穿孔波纹层芯2和后面板3组成；微缝超材料板1和后面板3相互平行，微缝超材料板1朝向声源，后面板3背向声源，穿孔波纹层芯2位于微缝超材料板1和后面板3之间，微缝超材料板1和后面板3与穿孔波纹层芯2采用钎焊焊接固连，或胶粘在一起。微缝超材料板1上纵横排布有若干局域共振子4，其通过在面板上刻蚀8条微缝得到；局域共振子4由一个矩形质量块5和两个矩形悬臂梁6组成；穿孔波纹层芯2上开设规则排布的圆孔，圆孔的方向垂直于后面板3。微缝超材料板1上局域共振子周边的微缝的缝宽为0.2mm～0.9mm，微缝的长度为4mm～24mm。微缝超材料板1上开设微缝的总穿孔率为0.5％～5％。微缝超材料板1、穿孔波纹层芯2和后面板3的厚度为0.1mm～1mm。微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板的材质为铝合金，或轻金属。穿孔波纹层芯2上开设圆孔的孔径为0.3mm～0.9mm，总穿孔率为0.5％～3％。穿孔波纹层芯2的波纹高度为10mm～100mm，波纹跨度为11.5mm～346.5mm，波纹夹角为60°～120°。
本实施例中，微缝超材料板1、穿孔波纹层芯2和后面板3的厚度均为0.5mm，微缝超材料板1和后面板3的边长均为480mm×480mm。穿孔波纹层芯2的波纹高度为50mm，波纹跨度为100mm，波纹夹角为90°。微缝超材料板1上的局域共振子4采取四方排布，间距为15mm，矩形质量块5的边长为15mm×15mm，矩形悬臂梁的边长为10mm×5mm，并且其短边与矩形质量块相连。微缝超材料板1上局域共振子4周边的微缝的缝宽为0.6mm。穿孔波纹层芯上开设的圆孔孔径为0.8mm，总穿孔率为1％。本实施例中，通过在夹层板结构的上面板上刻蚀微缝，在波纹层芯上开设微孔，使其成为同时具有吸隔音性能并可独立承载的微缝超材料声学夹层板，极大地拓展了穿孔型吸声器的应用场合，同时由局域共振子引发的禁带特性能够有效地提升结构的吸隔音性能，而且吸音性能还能提升结构的隔音性能。微缝超材料声学夹层板的最高吸声系数的提升，相比于传统微穿孔板吸声体提高了25.4％。微缝超材料声学夹层板的最高隔声系数的提升，相比于传统夹层板结构提高了30.1％。微缝超材料声学夹层板的局域共振特性有效地抑制了夹层板结构的整体振动，提升其隔声波谷的隔声系数，相比于传统夹层板结构提高了49％。
本实施例中，在微缝超材料板上刻蚀微缝形成规则排布的局域共振子，在波纹层芯上开设规则排布的圆孔，从而使夹层板成为具有禁带特性的双层微穿孔吸音结构，同时保留夹层板的隔音性能和独立承载能力。禁带特性可同时提升微缝超材料声学夹层板的吸隔音性能，同时夹层板的吸音性能也能提升其隔音能力；其具有较好的中低频段吸隔音性能以及独立承载能力。
在本实施例中，微缝超材料声学夹层板不仅具有吸音和隔音性能，还具有较好的力学性能，即较高的比强度和比刚度，可以独立承载；具有良好且广泛的应用前景。

Claims (5)

1.一种微缝超材料声学夹层板，包括微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板，其特征在于:所述微缝超材料板与后面板相互平行，微缝超材料板朝向声源，后面板背向声源，穿孔波纹层芯位于微缝超材料板与后面板之间，微缝超材料板和后面板与穿孔波纹层芯采用钎焊固连，或胶粘；穿孔波纹层芯的波纹高度为10～100mm，波纹跨度为11.5～346.5mm，波纹夹角为60～120°；微缝超材料板上纵横排布有若干局域共振子，局域共振子由一个矩形质量块和两个矩形悬臂梁组成，矩形悬臂梁短边与矩形质量块相连；所述微缝超材料板上局域共振子周边的微缝缝宽为0.2～0.9mm，微缝长度为4～24mm；穿孔波纹层芯上设有规则排布的圆孔，圆孔的方向垂直于后面板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微缝超材料声学夹层板，其特征在于:所述微缝超材料板上开设微缝的总穿孔率为0.5％～5％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微缝超材料声学夹层板，其特征在于:所述微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板的厚度为0.1～1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的微缝超材料声学夹层板，其特征在于:所述穿孔波纹层芯上开设圆孔的孔径为0.3～0.9mm，总穿孔率为0.5％～3％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微缝超材料声学夹层板，其特征在于:所述微缝超材料板、穿孔波纹层芯和后面板的材质为铝合金。
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