CN110470465B - Circuit breaker testing method and system based on vibration signal analysis - Google Patents
Circuit breaker testing method and system based on vibration signal analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circuit breaker testing method based on vibration signal analysis, relates to the technical field of circuit breaker automatic testing systems, and solves the technical problem that the dissimilarity degree between a vibration amplitude time curve and a reference curve is difficult to determine. The method comprises the steps of calculating and analyzing frequency spectrum characteristic vectors of a real-time vibration amplitude time curve and a reference vibration amplitude time curve to obtain a plurality of analysis indexes, comparing the analysis indexes with set indexes, and determining the dissimilarity degree of an effective vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve. The invention also discloses a circuit breaker testing system based on vibration signal analysis. The invention can automatically compare the difference of the vibration amplitude time curve at different time points, and can filter the vibration amplitude time signal, so that the noise of the vibration amplitude time signal is smaller and is closer to the real vibration condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic test systems of circuit breakers, in particular to a circuit breaker test method and system based on vibration signal analysis.
Background
Circuit breakers are one of the most important protection devices in power systems. When the system has a fault, the fault circuit is disconnected, and a post-stage line and equipment are protected. Therefore, safe and reliable operation of the circuit breaker is essential to the safety and stability of the power grid. And testing and inspection of circuit breakers is one of the main items of maintenance and testing of electrical equipment. At present, the test method and the evaluation means of the circuit breaker are mainly mechanical property tests. Namely, whether the mechanical condition of the circuit breaker is changed or not is judged by measuring the action time, the action speed, the stroke curve and the coil current curve of the circuit breaker. However, the existing equipment and test method have the following defects when detecting the circuit breaker:
(1) in some working environments, the circuit breaker can be packaged in a closed space, and a mechanical characteristic test cannot be directly carried out, so that the circuit breaker cannot be evaluated by adopting a traditional mechanical characteristic test method;
(2) the position of the fault of the circuit breaker cannot be accurately positioned by conventional test methods such as action time, action speed, stroke curve and the like;
(3) the conventional test method has the disadvantages that the installation of the stroke and the speed sensor is complex, the installation positions of the stroke and the speed sensor of the circuit breakers of different manufacturers are different, and the professional requirement on testers is high.
The principle of the method is that a vibration amplitude time signal of the breaker in action is measured to serve as a fingerprint signal, and whether the breaker has internal mechanical change or not is judged by comparing vibration curves of the same breaker in different periods. However, the current testing method and apparatus do not provide an effective vibration curve sampling and automatic comparison method. The vibration amplitude time curve is relatively complex, the similarity of the curve is very difficult to judge only in a time domain range in a manual mode, the curve is also unscientific, the real condition of the circuit breaker cannot be accurately reflected, and the span of the frequency spectrum range of a vibration signal is large in the actual test process and is very easy to interfere.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and aims to provide a circuit breaker testing method based on vibration signal analysis, which can directly determine the direct dissimilarity between a vibration amplitude time curve and a reference curve.
The invention also aims to provide a circuit breaker testing system based on vibration signal analysis, which can directly determine the direct dissimilarity degree of a vibration amplitude time curve and a reference curve.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention provides a circuit breaker testing method based on vibration signal analysis, which comprises the steps of selecting an effective section of a real-time vibration amplitude time curve collected from a circuit breaker as an effective vibration amplitude time curve, converting a reference vibration amplitude time curve into a reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector, converting the effective vibration amplitude time curve into a real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector, obtaining a plurality of analysis indexes through calculation and analysis of the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector and the real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector, comparing the analysis indexes with set indexes, and determining the dissimilarity degree of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve.
Further improvement, the selection method of the effective vibration amplitude time curve comprises the following steps:
s1, intercepting curve data of a time point on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve, and multiplying the curve data by a Hanning window of a plurality of data points to obtain time domain window data of the section of curve data;
s2, converting the time domain window data into a frequency spectrum characteristic vector through fast Fourier transform;
s3, counting the frequency domain energy value of the frequency spectrum characteristic vector;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3, and calculating the frequency domain energy values of the curve data of all time points on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve;
and S5, comparing the frequency domain energy value with a set energy value in sequence, and setting curve data corresponding to the frequency domain energy value larger than the set energy value as an effective vibration amplitude time curve.
Further, the method for obtaining the analysis index comprises the following steps:
s11, setting a time point on a real-time vibration amplitude time curve corresponding to a frequency domain energy value which is larger than the set energy value as a real-time starting point, setting a reference starting point of the reference vibration amplitude time curve according to the steps S1-S4, and determining the geometric distance between the real-time starting point and the reference starting point according to the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector of the reference starting point and the real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector of the real-time starting point;
s12, moving the Hanning window backwards for a plurality of time points on an effective vibration amplitude time curve, converting the time points of the effective vibration amplitude time curve into real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vectors again, and simultaneously determining the geometric distance between the time points and a reference starting point;
s13, repeating the step S12 to obtain a plurality of geometric distances, and finding out the minimum geometric distance in all the obtained geometric distances, wherein the minimum geometric distance is used as a first analysis index;
s14, taking the difference between the time point on the effective vibration amplitude time curve where the Hanning window is located and the reference starting point as a second analysis index;
s15, determining a module value of a reference vibration amplitude time curve through the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector, and taking the quotient of the minimum geometric distance and the module value as a third analysis index;
s16, moving the time point on the effective vibration amplitude time curve of the Hanning window at the moment backward by a time point, moving the time point on the reference vibration amplitude time curve backward by a time point from a reference starting point, and determining a first analysis index, a second analysis index and a third analysis index at the moment according to the steps S11-S15;
and S17, repeating the step S16, obtaining a first analysis index, a second analysis index and a third analysis index of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the residual time point of the reference vibration amplitude time curve, wherein all the first analysis index, the second analysis index and the third analysis index respectively form a first analysis curve, a second analysis curve and a third analysis curve.
Furthermore, the set index comprises a first set curve, a second set curve and a third set curve, the first analysis curve, the second analysis curve and the third analysis curve are respectively compared with the first set curve, the second set curve and the third set curve, and if the first analysis curve exceeds the first set curve, the second analysis curve exceeds the second set curve and the third analysis curve exceeds the third set curve, the real-time vibration amplitude time curve is completely consistent with the reference vibration amplitude time curve.
Furthermore, real-time vibration amplitude time curves of two different ranges of the circuit breaker are collected, whether the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range exceeds 80% -90% of the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the small range or not is judged, if the amplitude exceeds 80% -90%, the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range is taken, and if the amplitude does not exceed the 80% -90% of the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the small range, the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range is taken, otherwise the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the small range is taken.
Furthermore, the acquired real-time vibration amplitude time curve is filtered by a wavelet transformation algorithm, the wavelet transformation algorithm transforms the real-time vibration amplitude time curve to obtain a high-frequency part and a low-frequency part, high-frequency component coefficients of the high-frequency part are completely set to zero, and the low-frequency part is restored to be the real-time vibration amplitude time curve with only low frequency by inverse transformation of the wavelet transformation algorithm.
In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention provides a circuit breaker testing system based on vibration signal analysis, which comprises a circuit breaker, a signal amplifier, an AD converter, a DSP controller, a direct current power supply and an industrial personal computer, wherein the industrial personal computer is electrically connected with the signal amplifier through the DSP controller and the AD converter, the direct current power supply is electrically connected with a control coil of the circuit breaker through a control switch, and the DSP controller is also electrically connected with the direct current power supply.
The acceleration sensor comprises a first acceleration chip, a second acceleration chip, an operational amplifier and a power supply end, wherein an eighth pin and a seventh pin of the first acceleration chip are connected with the power supply end and are grounded through a first capacitor; the eighth pin and the seventh pin of the second acceleration chip are connected with a power supply end and are grounded through a third capacitor; an eighth pin of the operational amplifier is connected with a power supply end and is grounded through a second capacitor and a fourth capacitor; the third pin of the first acceleration chip, the third pin of the second acceleration chip and the fourth pin of the operational amplifier are all grounded.
Further, the DSP controller is connected with a direct current power supply through a DA converter.
Furthermore, the direct current power supply is electrically connected with a control coil of the circuit breaker through a Hall sensor, and the Hall sensor is electrically connected with the AD converter through a current signal amplifier.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages that: the real-time vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve are converted into frequency spectrum characteristic vectors, a plurality of analysis indexes are finally obtained by calculating and analyzing the frequency spectrum characteristic vectors of the two curves, the analysis indexes are analyzed and compared with set indexes, and automatic analysis processing of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve is achieved. According to the method, a complex real-time vibration amplitude time curve is converted into an analysis index, the analysis index is directly used for comparison with a set index, the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude time curve and a reference vibration amplitude time curve at different points can be positioned, simplicity and effectiveness are achieved, and meanwhile the real vibration condition of the circuit breaker can be accurately reflected. The method carries out filtering processing on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve through a wavelet transform algorithm, and multiplicatively filters high-frequency interference in the curve, so that the noise of signals is smaller, and the accuracy and reliability of detection and analysis on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve are greatly improved. In addition, the method also selects the frequency domain energy value of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve, filters invalid curve data segments, and further optimizes the real-time vibration amplitude time curve, thereby greatly improving the analysis speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a testing method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the acceleration sensor of the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a 1-circuit breaker, a 2-signal amplifier, a 3-AD converter, a 4-DSP controller, a 5-industrial personal computer, a 6-direct current power supply, a 7-control switch, an 8-acceleration sensor, a 9-DA converter, a 10-Hall sensor, an 11-current signal amplifier, a 101-contact and a 102-control coil.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples, but not to be construed as being limited thereto, and any number of modifications which can be made by anyone within the scope of the claims are also within the scope of the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for testing a circuit breaker based on vibration signal analysis according to the present invention selects an effective segment of a real-time vibration amplitude time curve collected from the circuit breaker as an effective vibration amplitude time curve. In this embodiment, the measured real-time vibration amplitude time curve is a time curve graph with a starting point at the time point when the breaker starts to switch on or switch off and an ending point at the time point of a switching on/switching off test duration, and the preset test duration is within a range of 100ms to 1000 ms. The method for acquiring the real-time vibration amplitude time curve comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting real-time vibration amplitude time curves of two different ranges of the circuit breaker, judging whether the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range exceeds 80% -90% of the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the small range, if so, taking the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range, and otherwise, taking the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the small range. Specifically, when the amplitude of the wide-range real-time vibration amplitude time curve exceeds 90% of the amplitude of the small-range real-time vibration amplitude time curve, the wide-range real-time vibration amplitude time curve is taken as the real-time vibration amplitude time curve acquired in real time. By collecting two real-time vibration amplitude time curves with different ranges, the acceleration vibration signal in a wider range can be accurately measured, so that the collected real-time vibration amplitude time curve is more reliable and the measurement is more accurate. Filtering the acquired real-time vibration amplitude time curve by a wavelet transform algorithm, selecting a wavelet fundamental wave as 'haar', transforming the real-time vibration amplitude time curve by the wavelet transform algorithm to obtain a high-frequency part and a low-frequency part, setting all high-frequency component coefficients of the high-frequency part to zero, and reducing the low-frequency part into a real-time vibration amplitude time curve only with low frequency by inverse transform of the wavelet transform algorithm. After filtering by a wavelet transform algorithm, high-frequency interference components in the obtained real-time vibration amplitude time curve are filtered, so that the noise of signals is smaller, a more accurate real-time vibration amplitude time curve is obtained, the real oscillation condition of the circuit breaker is closer, and the accuracy and the reliability of detection and analysis of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve are greatly improved.
The selection method of the effective vibration amplitude time curve comprises the following steps:
s1, intercepting curve data of a time point on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve, and recording the time point as t0. The time domain window data of the section of curve data is obtained by multiplying the curve data by a Hanning window with a plurality of data points. Specifically, the number of data points of the hanning window is 512, and the function of the hanning window is as follows:
W(n)＝0.5-0.5cos(2*PI*n/512)；
where n ∈ (0, 511).
Combining Hanning window function and time point t0Multiplying the corresponding curve data, namely:
W(n)*V(t+n)；
wherein V (t) is a real-time vibration amplitude time curve function, and t is time.
I.e. from t to t0Time domain window data intercepted by adopting Hanning window under the time window of the current real-time vibration amplitude time curve is obtained from the moment of 0。
And S2, converting the time domain window data into a frequency spectrum characteristic vector through fast Fourier transform. Namely, the time domain window data is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the frequency spectrum of the time domain window data, and the amplitude coefficient of the frequency spectrum forms a frequency spectrum characteristic vector [ A0、A1、A2...A511]。
And S3, counting the frequency domain energy value of the spectrum feature vector. And calculating the frequency domain energy value of the current time domain window data through the energy function. Specifically, the energy function is:
wherein A isiSpectral feature vectors which are time curves of real-time vibration amplitude, i.e. Ai＝[A0、A1、A2...A511]。
And S4, repeating the steps S1-S3, and calculating the frequency domain energy values of the curve data of all time points on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve. That is, moving the time point on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve backward by a time point, which is counted as t1. Then t is transformed using the same Hanning window, fast Fourier transform and energy function1Calculating the energy of the corresponding time curve to obtain the frequency domain energy value E of the time point1. And calculating the frequency domain energy value of the time curve corresponding to the next time point by analogy, thereby obtaining the frequency domain energy values of all the time points of the current real-time vibration auxiliary curve.
And S5, comparing the frequency domain energy value with the set energy value in sequence, and setting curve data corresponding to the frequency domain energy value larger than the set energy value as an effective vibration amplitude time curve. In this embodiment, the set energy value is 0.2. Starting from the moment when t is 0 of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve, searching a first point with the spectrum energy value larger than 0.2, taking the point as the starting point of the effective vibration amplitude time curve, and marking as a point k. And simultaneously, the last electricity with the spectral energy value larger than 0.2 is taken as the end point of the time curve of the effective vibration amplitude.
And selecting the real-time vibration amplitude time curve with the frequency domain energy value larger than a certain energy value obtained by calculation as a basis for judging whether the point has an effective vibration amplitude time curve, comparing a line data section of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve containing the effective vibration amplitude with a reference vibration amplitude time curve, and further optimizing the real-time vibration amplitude time curve to avoid the invalid curve data section from occupying resources, thereby greatly improving the analysis speed.
The method comprises the steps of converting a reference vibration amplitude time curve into a reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector, converting an effective vibration amplitude time curve into a real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector, calculating and analyzing the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector and the real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector to obtain a plurality of analysis indexes, comparing the analysis indexes with set indexes, and determining the dissimilarity degree of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve, so that the automatic analysis processing of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve is realized. The method converts a complex real-time vibration amplitude time curve into an analysis index, compares the analysis index with a set index directly, can locate the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude time curve and a reference vibration amplitude time curve at different points, is simple and effective, and simultaneously accurately reflects the real vibration condition of the circuit breaker.
The method for acquiring the analysis index comprises the following steps:
s11, setting a time point on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve corresponding to the first frequency domain energy value greater than the set energy value as a real-time starting point, i.e. a point k. And simultaneously setting a reference starting point of a reference vibration amplitude time curve according to the steps S1-S4, marking the reference starting point as an m point, and determining the geometric distance between the real-time starting point and the reference starting point according to the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector of the reference starting point and the real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector of the real-time starting point. Specifically, the geometric distance between the real-time starting point and the reference starting point is obtained by a frequency domain variance function.
The frequency domain variance function is:
where DIS is the frequency domain variance value, AiFor real-time spectral feature vectors, Ai＝[A0、A1、A2...A511]，BiAs reference spectral feature vectors, Bi＝[B0、B1、B2...B511]。
And the real-time spectrum feature vector and the reference spectrum feature vector are obtained by counting in the above steps S1 and S2.
S12, moving the Hanning window backwards for a plurality of time points on the effective vibration amplitude time curve, converting the time points of the effective vibration amplitude time curve into real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vectors again, and simultaneously determining the geometric distance between the time points and the reference starting point. Specifically, any time point of 1-9 points behind the real-time starting point on the effective vibration amplitude time curve is taken, and the time curve corresponding to the time point is converted into the real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector. And calculating the geometric distance between the time point and the reference starting point through a frequency domain variance function, namely the frequency domain variance value. And moving the added Hanning window backwards on the effective vibration amplitude time curve so as to obtain the matching degree of the effective vibration amplitude time curve at different time points and the reference vibration amplitude time curve.
And S13, repeating the step S12 to obtain a plurality of geometric distances, and finding out the minimum geometric distance in all the obtained geometric distances, wherein the minimum geometric distance is used as a first analysis index. Specifically, twenty-five geometric distances, DIS, are calculated by step S120-DIS24Then look for DIS0-DIS24The one with the smallest median value is the smallest geometric distance. The minimum geometric distance is used as a first analysis index, namely, the frequency domain variance is used as the first analysis index.
And S14, taking the difference between the time point on the effective vibration amplitude time curve where the Hanning window is located and the reference starting point as a second analysis index. Specifically, the current vibration amplitude time curve after the completion of the movement according to step S13 is obtainedThe time point is counted as kjWherein j is a natural number. By kj-m is used as a second analysis indicator, the second analysis indicator being a time domain shift of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve.
And S15, determining a module value of a reference vibration amplitude time curve through the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector, and taking the quotient of the minimum geometric distance and the module value as a third analysis index. Specifically, the modulus of the reference vibration amplitude time curve is calculated through a modulus function. The modulus function is:
and taking DISn/DA as a third analysis index, wherein the third analysis index is the dissimilarity degree of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve.
S16, moving the time point on the effective vibration amplitude time curve of the Hanning window backward by a time point, moving the time point on the reference vibration amplitude time curve backward by a time point from the reference starting point, and determining the first analysis index, the second analysis index and the third analysis index according to the steps S11-S15. I.e. m and kjRespectively moving backward a time point to obtain m1And kj+1Then, the dissimilarity of the frequency domain variance value, the time domain translation value, and the curve at this time is determined according to steps S11-S15.
And S17, repeating the step S16, obtaining a first analysis index, a second analysis index and a third analysis index of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the residual time point of the reference vibration amplitude time curve, wherein all the first analysis index, the second analysis index and the third analysis index respectively form a first analysis curve, a second analysis curve and a third analysis curve. Namely, a time curve of the frequency domain variance, a time curve of the time domain translation and a time curve of the dissimilarity of the curves are finally obtained.
In this embodiment, the setting index includes a first setting curve, a second setting curve, and a third setting curve. And respectively comparing the first analysis curve, the second analysis curve and the third analysis curve with a first set curve, a second set curve and a third set curve, and if the first analysis curve exceeds the first set curve, the second analysis curve exceeds the second set curve and the third analysis curve exceeds the third set curve, completely conforming the real-time vibration amplitude time curve with a reference vibration amplitude time curve. The similarity of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve is judged through three indexes of frequency domain variance, time domain translation and the dissimilarity of the curves, and the difference of the two vibration amplitude time curves at different time points can be simply, effectively and accurately analyzed and positioned.
In this embodiment, the reference vibration amplitude time curve and the set index are stored in the database. The data also records a real-time vibration amplitude time curve of closing or opening of the circuit breaker, one module of the database stores parameters of the circuit breaker, and the contents of the data comprise rated voltage, rated current, manufacturer and model of the circuit breaker, closing time, opening time, closing time, loop resistance, a closing reference vibration amplitude time curve with the length not less than 100ms and a opening reference vibration amplitude time curve with the length not less than 100 ms. The contents stored in the database can be deleted and updated, all test results can be added into the database through a template management function, and the information stored in the database can be imported or exported at one time through an import and export interface. The real-time vibration amplitude time curve is processed and analyzed by directly obtaining the required parameters from the database, and a conclusion is given, so that the test process for realizing the vibration amplitude time curve is simpler and faster.
Preferably, the current-time curve is obtained by collecting the current of the coil of the circuit breaker. The current-time curve is used as an auxiliary index for judging vibration tests and is used for detecting whether the electrical characteristics of the control coil of the circuit breaker are changed or not. The filtering and detecting method is consistent with the detecting method of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve.
Referring to fig. 2, a circuit breaker testing system based on vibration signal analysis includes a circuit breaker 1, a signal amplifier 2, an AD converter 3, a DSP controller 4, an industrial personal computer 5, and a dc power supply 6. The industrial personal computer 5 is electrically connected with the signal amplifier 2 through the DSP controller 4 and the AD converter 3, the direct current power supply 6 is electrically connected with the control coil 102 of the circuit breaker 1 through the control switch 7, and the DSP controller 4 is also electrically connected with the direct current power supply 6. The system further comprises a plurality of acceleration sensors 8, the acceleration sensors 8 are electrically connected with the signal amplifier 2, at least one acceleration sensor 8 is installed on the base of the circuit breaker 1, and one acceleration sensor 8 is installed on the contact 101 of each circuit breaker 1. Specifically, the system comprises four acceleration sensors 8, one acceleration sensor 8 is mounted on the base of the circuit breaker 1, and a control coil 102 is also mounted on the base. The circuit breaker 1 in this embodiment is a three-phase circuit breaker 1, and the three-phase contacts of the circuit breaker 1 are respectively provided with an acceleration sensor 8. In the test process, the four acceleration sensors 8 are used for testing the circuit breaker 1 at the same time, so that the vibration test of the circuit breaker 1 is more reliable.
Referring to fig. 3, the acceleration sensor 8 includes a first acceleration chip U1, a second acceleration chip U2, an operational amplifier U3, and power terminals. The first acceleration chip U1 and the second acceleration chip U2 are the same in model and are both ADXL 001; operational amplifier U3 is model AD 8629. The eighth pin and the seventh pin of the first acceleration chip U1 are connected with a power supply end and grounded through a first capacitor C1; the eighth pin and the seventh pin of the second acceleration chip U2 are connected to a power supply terminal and grounded through a third capacitor C3; the eighth pin of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the power supply terminal and is grounded through the second capacitor C2 and the fourth capacitor C4; the sixth pin of the first acceleration chip U1 is connected with the fifth pin of the operational amplifier U3, the sixth pin of the second acceleration chip U2 is connected with the third pin of the operational amplifier U3, the first pin and the second pin of the operational amplifier U3 are connected, the connecting end of the first pin and the second pin of the operational amplifier U3 is a first output end, the sixth pin and the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U3 are connected, the connecting end of the sixth pin and the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U3 is a second output end, and the third pin of the first acceleration chip U1, the third pin of the second acceleration chip U2 and the fourth pin of the operational amplifier U3 are all grounded.
Each acceleration sensor 8 is integrated with 2 acceleration chips, so that the same acceleration sensor 8 can simultaneously have 2 paths of acceleration signal outputs with different measuring ranges. The circuit of the acceleration sensor 8 is embedded in a metal case with a mounting hole. The Y-axis direction output of the acceleration chip is used as a signal acquisition output end, and an internal circuit of the acceleration sensor 8 is completely shielded in a shell with an acceleration direction mark, so that the acquisition precision is improved. Two paths of acceleration signals of the acceleration sensor 8 are simultaneously input into the signal amplifier 2 and then input into the AD converter 3 for AD conversion, and the DSP controller 4 is used for simultaneously sampling two paths of acceleration signals. The DSP controller 4 first determines whether the amplitude of the taken wide-range acceleration signal exceeds 90% of the amplitude of the low-range acceleration signal, and if so, takes the wide-range acceleration signal, otherwise, takes the low-range acceleration signal. In the embodiment, the measurement ranges of the first acceleration chip U1 and the second acceleration chip U2 are 0-75G and 0-250G, respectively. That is, the acceleration sensor 8 integrates acceleration chips with respective ranges of 75G and 250G, when the amplitude of the acceleration signal sampled by the DSP controller 4 is lower than 68G, the DSP controller 4 takes the acceleration signal of 75G as a real-time vibration amplitude time curve, otherwise, the acceleration signal of 250G is taken as a real-time vibration amplitude time curve.
Preferably, the control switch 7 is an IGBT electronic switch. The DSP controller 4 is connected to the dc power supply 6 via a DA converter 9. The amplitude of the direct-current power supply 6 is adjusted through the DA converter 9, and the closing coil and the opening coil of the circuit breaker 1 are controlled through the IGBT electronic switch, so that the circuit breaker 1 is controlled to be closed and opened. Specifically, the DSP controller 4 outputs a control voltage to the dc power supply 6 through the DA converter 9 to generate a voltage amplitude required for the test, and then turns on or off a power supply circuit of a closing coil or an opening coil on the circuit breaker 1 through IGBT electronic switches connected to the closing loop and the opening loop, thereby implementing the opening/closing test of the circuit breaker 1. The IGBT electronic switch is used for controlling the circuit breaker 1, so that the accuracy of the opening/closing command control time is within 0.1ms, and the acquired real-time vibration amplitude time curve is more accurate.
The dc power supply 6 is electrically connected to the control coil 102 of the circuit breaker 1 via a hall sensor 10, the hall sensor 10 is electrically connected to the AD converter 3 via a current signal amplifier 11, and the dc power supply 6 is also electrically connected to the current signal amplifier 11. Specifically, the hall sensor 10 is connected to the positive electrode of the dc power supply 6, and the hall sensor 10 is also connected to the current signal amplifier 11 and the control coil 102. The hall sensor 10 collects a current-time curve of the control coil 102 in a closing test or an opening test, and uses the current-time curve as an auxiliary index for vibration test judgment, so as to detect whether the electrical characteristics of the control coil 102 of the circuit breaker 1 are changed.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the structure of the invention, which will not affect the effect of the invention and the practicability of the patent.
Claims (4)
1. A circuit breaker testing method based on vibration signal analysis is characterized in that an effective section of a real-time vibration amplitude time curve collected from a circuit breaker is selected as an effective vibration amplitude time curve, a reference vibration amplitude time curve is converted into a reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector, the effective vibration amplitude time curve is converted into a real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector, a plurality of analysis indexes are obtained through calculation and analysis of the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector and the real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector, the analysis indexes are compared with set indexes, and the dissimilarity degree of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the reference vibration amplitude time curve is determined;
the selection method of the effective vibration amplitude time curve comprises the following steps:
s1, intercepting curve data of a time point on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve, and multiplying the curve data by a Hanning window of a plurality of data points to obtain time domain window data of the section of curve data;
s2, converting the time domain window data into a frequency spectrum characteristic vector through fast Fourier transform;
s3, counting the frequency domain energy value of the frequency spectrum characteristic vector;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3, and calculating the frequency domain energy values of the curve data of all time points on the real-time vibration amplitude time curve;
s5, comparing the frequency domain energy value with a set energy value in sequence, and setting curve data corresponding to the frequency domain energy value larger than the set energy value as an effective vibration amplitude time curve;
the method for acquiring the analysis index comprises the following steps:
s11, setting a time point on a real-time vibration amplitude time curve corresponding to a frequency domain energy value which is larger than the set energy value as a real-time starting point, setting a reference starting point of the reference vibration amplitude time curve according to the steps S1-S4, and determining the geometric distance between the real-time starting point and the reference starting point according to the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector of the reference starting point and the real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vector of the real-time starting point;
s12, moving the Hanning window backwards for a plurality of time points on an effective vibration amplitude time curve, converting the time points of the effective vibration amplitude time curve into real-time frequency spectrum characteristic vectors again, and simultaneously determining the geometric distance between the time points and a reference starting point;
s13, repeating the step S12 to obtain a plurality of geometric distances, and finding out the minimum geometric distance in all the obtained geometric distances, wherein the minimum geometric distance is used as a first analysis index;
s14, taking the difference between the time point on the effective vibration amplitude time curve where the Hanning window is located and the reference starting point as a second analysis index;
s15, determining a module value of a reference vibration amplitude time curve through the reference frequency spectrum characteristic vector, and taking the quotient of the minimum geometric distance and the module value as a third analysis index;
s16, moving the time point on the effective vibration amplitude time curve of the Hanning window at the moment backward by a time point, moving the time point on the reference vibration amplitude time curve backward by a time point from a reference starting point, and determining a first analysis index, a second analysis index and a third analysis index at the moment according to the steps S11-S15;
and S17, repeating the step S16, obtaining a first analysis index, a second analysis index and a third analysis index of the effective vibration amplitude time curve and the residual time point of the reference vibration amplitude time curve, wherein all the first analysis index, the second analysis index and the third analysis index respectively form a first analysis curve, a second analysis curve and a third analysis curve.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the setting index includes a first setting curve, a second setting curve and a third setting curve, the first, second and third analysis curves are compared with the first, second and third setting curves, respectively, and if the first analysis curve exceeds the first setting curve, the second analysis curve exceeds the second setting curve and the third analysis curve exceeds the third setting curve, the real-time vibration amplitude time curve is completely consistent with the reference vibration amplitude time curve.
3. The method for testing the circuit breaker based on the vibration signal analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the real-time vibration amplitude time curves of two different ranges of the circuit breaker are collected, whether the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range exceeds 80% -90% of the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the small range is judged, if the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range exceeds 80% -90%, the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range is taken, and if the amplitude of the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the small range does not exceed the 80% -90%, the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the large range is taken, and otherwise, the real-time vibration amplitude time curve of the small range is taken.
4. The circuit breaker testing method based on vibration signal analysis according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the collected real-time vibration amplitude time curve is filtered by a wavelet transform algorithm, the wavelet transform algorithm transforms the real-time vibration amplitude time curve to obtain a high frequency part and a low frequency part, all high frequency component coefficients of the high frequency part are set to zero, and the low frequency part is restored to a real-time vibration amplitude time curve with only low frequency by inverse transform of the wavelet transform algorithm.
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| CN111366985B (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2022-10-18 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method and system for detecting legacy inside GIS (geographic information System) equipment |
| CN112665711A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-16 | 陕西宝光集团有限公司 | Method and device for detecting running state of equipment, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112665710A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-16 | 陕西宝光集团有限公司 | Method and device for detecting running state of equipment, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112285553A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-01-29 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Non-contact type measuring device and method for average opening and closing speed of 10kV vacuum circuit breaker |
| CN112665810B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-05-30 | 亿咖通(湖北)技术有限公司 | Method and system for determining vibration shedding of chip, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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