CN106092524B - A method of accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal - Google Patents
A method of accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN106092524B CN106092524B CN201610322710.5A CN201610322710A CN106092524B CN 106092524 B CN106092524 B CN 106092524B CN 201610322710 A CN201610322710 A CN 201610322710A CN 106092524 B CN106092524 B CN 106092524B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/021—Gearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal, collect evidence for a long time for carrying out specific aim, more convenient and hidden.In order to realize the purpose, a kind of method for accurately being extracted tach signal using vibration signal of the present invention --- channel including this channel or other synchronized samplings --- will can be carried out signal resampling and be averaged by the zero crossing temporal information of acquisition to vibration signal, to obtain the relevant order information of rotating speed, it can be used for the accident analysis of rotor-support-foundation system or gear-box.In the case of no tachometer analog or digital input signal, this method is a very useful tool.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of extraction tach signal for data analysis method more particularly to it is a kind of use vibration signal
The method of accurate extraction tach signal.
Background technology
Rotating machinery constitutes very important part, such as generator, compressor, aeroengine etc. in mechanical equipment.
With the fast development of science and technology, rotating machinery increasingly enlargement and complication, once breaking down, loss may be very serious,
Therefore the status monitoring based on vibration signal of rotating machinery is become to become more and more important.
For the status monitoring of rotating machinery, rotary speed and tach signal (Tachometer or the key phase of mechanical equipment
Signal Key phaser) it is extremely important, other than rotary speed itself is an important indicator, tach signal is also follow-up
The basis of many vibration parameters extractions and failure analysis methods, such as order analysis, it is necessary to which tach signal, which is used as, refers to the time
Sequence carries out the resampling of vibration signal.However the measurement of industry spot tach signal is not easy to, above many equipment all
There is no tachometer or rotation-speed measuring device, and subsequently installs additional extremely difficult yet；In addition, wireless vibration sensor is in industry spot
Monitoring of equipment also used more and more, these sensors are the cooperations of no tach signal, even if having, they and turn
One of the problem for synchronizing current and industry and facing of fast signal.
In this regard, the patent of invention of Patent No. 201410036882.7《A kind of engine speed measurement method based on DSP
And device》In disclose a kind of engine speed measurement method and device based on DSP, pass through obtain engine luggine letter
Number, exhaust sound signal or engine ignition voltage signal, and the signal of acquisition is AD converted, according to preset sample rate
Signal data after AD conversion is sampled；Amplitude limit digital filtering is carried out to the data after sampling and is added at Hanning window function
Reason；To treated, data progress fast Fourier transform makes time domain sampled data be transformed to spectrum value in frequency domain, and calculates each frequency
Rate point amplitude；The corresponding frequency values of engine are calculated according to frequency fundamental wave interval method；It is corresponding with engine according to engine speed
Frequency values relationship, obtain the rotating speed of engine；To improve tachometric survey precision and anti-interference ability, erroneous judgement is reduced
Rate.
Although but such method can accurately obtain the numerical value of certain specific point, can not be used to carry out subsequent failure
The operations such as analysis.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal, are used for into the hand-manipulating of needle
It collects evidence for a long time to property, it is more convenient and hidden.
In order to realize the purpose, a method of tach signal accurately being extracted using vibration signal, including
Step 1：Obtain vibration signal；
Step 2：Hanning window is loaded to gained vibration signal in step 1；
Step 3：Fast Fourier Transform is carried out to gained signal in step 2, which is characterized in that further include step 4：Estimation
Known speed range；
Step 5：The range of speeds that will be estimated in step 3 the data obtained combination step 4, is turned using Hanning window characteristic
Fast frequency location and review speed-frequency；It is assumed that the amplitude of two sidebands in left and right is respectively a, b, position fa, fb then exist
In the case of a ≠ b, accurate speed-frequency is
Step 6：Rotating speed and all side frequencys are extracted into the speed-frequency position obtained in the data obtained combination step 5 in step 3
Rate amplitude retains phase information, merges into plural form；
Step 7：The data obtained in step 6 are subjected to inverse fast fourier transform, obtain time-domain signal；
Wherein, eiIt is the exponential form of plural number；
N is the index of time-domain digital signal after inverse fast fourier transform；
K is the index of frequency-region signal.
Step 8：Time-domain signal in step 7 is obtained into speed-frequency component by least square method sine curve fitting；
Step 9：Generate rotating speed square-wave signal：Use the zero crossing temporal information of the sinusoidal signal obtained in the step 8
As the trip point of tach signal, rotating speed square-wave signal is generated, is analyzed for subsequent signal spare.
Preferably, the concrete mode of acquisition vibration signal is in the step 1：Assuming that equipment sampled signal length when
Between stabilization of speed in section, obtain the raw digital signal X (n) of vibrating sensor, intercept 2^N sampled point, make the number of acquisition
Word signal time length was more than but close to 1 second.Such value is convenient for finishing operations, also ensures the accuracy of operation enough.
Preferably, Hanning window w (n) is loaded to obtaining raw digital signal X (n)
The data of window function and the data of raw digital signal make the multiplication between corresponding points, after obtaining load window function
New signal data point X ' (n),
X ' (n)=w (n) * X (n).
Preferably, Fast Fourier Transform mode described in the step 3 is：
Preferably, the specific steps are frequency-region signal is converted to polar form in the step 6, by amplitude spectrum and phase
Single-row come out of amplitude spectrum is further processed in spectrum composition, and phase spectrum remains unchanged.
Preferably, known speed range evaluation method is in the step 4：Constant rotational speed R is obtained by unit type,
The peak value corresponding to it is inquired on amplitude spectrum；If rotating speed is in upset condition, according to the knot of previous cycle processing
Fruit inquires the peak value nearby of amplitude spectrum in positive and negative 5% frequency range.Value when being convenient for calculating in this way.
Preferably, the review rotating speed frequency obtained in the inverse and step 5 in the period of the sinusoidal signal obtained in the step 8
Rate compares, and obtains difference, and the difference is then verified as qualification within 1RPM, otherwise returns to step 1, resets entire mistake
Journey.Excessive error is avoided to generate by checking speed-frequency.
Setting in this way, a kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal of the present invention can pass through
The zero crossing temporal information of acquisition is to vibration signal, and --- channel including this channel or other synchronized samplings --- carries out letter
Number resampling is simultaneously average, to obtain the relevant order information of rotating speed, can be used for the accident analysis of rotor-support-foundation system or gear-box.Do not having
In the case of having tachometer analog or digital input signal, this method is a very useful tool.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that original time domain is believed in a kind of embodiment of the method 1 for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal of the present invention
Number schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is to load the schematic diagram obtained after Hanning window to Fig. 1 original time domain signals.
Fig. 3 is the frequency-domain spectrum schematic diagram carried out to signal in Fig. 2 obtained by Fourier transform.
After Fig. 4 is is amplified known speed range, and ratio meter is carried out to rotating speed peak value according to the characteristic of Hanning window
It calculates and obtains accurate speed-frequency schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 be compares figure 4 show accurate speed-frequency position is obtained by geometric operation, the black line of overstriking is in figure
Calculate gained position.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram edited after frequency domain amplitude spectrum, and specific edit mode is：Choose interpeak and each three of left and right
The reservation of sideband amplitude line is constant, remaining spectral line amplitude is set as 10-5 powers.
Fig. 7 is that amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of separation are merged, and does inverse-Fourier transform, then the time-domain signal to being obtained
Do least square method sine curve fitting, the sinusoidal signal schematic diagram of acquisition.Wherein dotted line is the sine curve (display after fitting
0.3-0.6 seconds parts)
Fig. 8 is to generate rotating speed square-wave signal using the sinusoidal zero crossing after fitting, can be used for subsequent analysis letter
Several calculating.Curve is to generate rotating speed square-wave signal in figure, and dotted line is the tach signal generated.
Fig. 9 is a kind of method idiographic flow schematic diagram for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal as shown in Figure 9 is a kind of accurate using vibration signal
The method for extracting tach signal, including：
Step 1：Obtain vibration signal；
Step 2：Hanning window is loaded to gained vibration signal in step 1；
Step 3：Fast Fourier Transform is carried out to gained signal in step 2, which is characterized in that further include step 4：Estimation
Known speed range；
Step 5：The range of speeds that will be estimated in step 3 the data obtained combination step 4, is turned using Hanning window characteristic
Fast frequency location and review speed-frequency；It is assumed that the amplitude of two sidebands in left and right is respectively a, b, position fa, fb then exist
In the case of a ≠ b, accurate speed-frequency is
Step 6：Rotating speed and all side frequencys are extracted into the speed-frequency position obtained in the data obtained combination step 5 in step 3
Rate amplitude retains phase information, merges into plural form；
Step 7：The data obtained in step 6 are subjected to inverse fast fourier transform, obtain time-domain signal；
Wherein, eiIt is the exponential form of plural number；
N is the index of time-domain digital signal after inverse fast fourier transform；
K is the index of frequency-region signal.
Step 8：Time-domain signal in step 7 is obtained into speed-frequency component by least square method sine curve fitting；
Step 9：Generate rotating speed square-wave signal：Using sinusoidal signal described in step 8 zero crossing temporal information as turn
The trip point of fast signal generates rotating speed square-wave signal, is analyzed for subsequent signal spare.
The concrete mode of acquisition vibration signal is in the step 1：Assuming that time interval of the equipment in sampled signal length
Interior stabilization of speed obtains the raw digital signal X (n) of vibrating sensor, intercepts 2^N sampled point, makes the digital signal of acquisition
Time span was more than but close to 1 second.Hanning window w (n) is loaded to obtaining raw digital signal X (n)
The data of window function and the data of raw digital signal make the multiplication between corresponding points, after obtaining load window function
New signal data point X ' (n),
X ' (n)=w (n) * X (n).Fast Fourier Transform mode described in the step 3 is：The specific steps are by frequency-region signal in the step 6
It is converted into polar form, is made of amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum, single-row come out of amplitude spectrum is further processed, phase spectrum is protected
It holds constant.Known speed evaluation method is in the step 4：Constant rotational speed R is obtained by unit type, is inquired on amplitude spectrum
To the peak value corresponding to it；If rotating speed is in upset condition, according to previous cycle processing as a result, positive and negative 5%
Frequency range in inquiry amplitude spectrum peak value nearby.The inverse and step 5 in the period of the sinusoidal signal obtained in the step 8
The review speed-frequency of middle acquisition compares, and obtains difference, and the difference is then verified as qualification within 1RPM, otherwise returns to
Step 1, whole process is reset.
As shown in Figure 1, the sample frequency of the vibration signal data acquisition of the cooling fan of some motor drag is 2560Hz,
2^12=4096 sampled point is then chosen, i.e. sampling length is 4096.The sampling length of signal is 1.6 seconds in this way, point of frequency domain
Resolution is 2560/4096=0.625Hz.It is inquired according to model, the velocity of rotation of fan is about 1000 revs/min.
By the signal loading Hanning window in Fig. 1, signal shown in Fig. 2 is obtained.
Fourier transform is carried out to gained windowing signal in Fig. 2, obtains frequency-domain spectrum shown in Fig. 3.0- is only shown in figure
The parts 80Hz.
Known speed range is amplified, and ratio is carried out to rotating speed peak value according to the characteristic of Hanning window and calculates acquisition standard
True speed-frequency 17.08Hz.
It is the frequency spectrum section of amplification in Fig. 4
Accurate speed-frequency position is obtained by geometric operation, i.e. the black line of overstriking shown in Fig. 5 is to calculate gained
Position.
It is constant to choose each three sidebands amplitude line reservation of interpeak and left and right, remaining spectral line amplitude is set as 10
- 5 powers.
Edited frequency domain amplitude spectrum as shown in fig. 6,
Hereafter amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of separation are merged, does inverse-Fourier transform.Then the time-domain signal to being obtained
Least square method sine curve fitting is done, sinusoidal signal shown in Fig. 7 is obtained.Dotted line is the fitting for showing 0.3-0.6 seconds parts
Curve.Using the sinusoidal zero crossing after fitting, rotating speed square-wave signal as shown in Figure 8 is generated, dotted line is to generate
Tach signal.The curve can be used for the calculating of subsequent analytic function.What the frequency and frequency spectrum of the square-wave signal were calculated turns
Fast frequency is compared, as a result unanimously.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal, including
Step 1：Obtain vibration signal；
Step 2：Hanning window is loaded to gained vibration signal in step 1；
Step 3：Fast Fourier Transform is carried out to gained signal in step 2,
It is characterized in that, further including step 4：Estimate known speed range；
Step 5：The range of speeds that will be estimated in step 3 the data obtained combination step 4 obtains rotating speed frequency using Hanning window characteristic
Rate position and review speed-frequency；It is assumed that the amplitude of two sidebands in left and right is respectively a, b, position fa, fb, then in a ≠ b
In the case of, accurate speed-frequency is
Step 6：Rotating speed and all side frequency width are extracted into the speed-frequency position obtained in the data obtained combination step 5 in step 3
Value retains phase information, merges into plural form；
Step 7：The data obtained in step 6 are subjected to inverse fast fourier transform, obtain time-domain signal；
Wherein, eiIt is the exponential form of plural number；
N is the index of time-domain digital signal after inverse fast fourier transform；
K is the index of frequency-region signal；
Step 8：Time-domain signal in step 7 is obtained into speed-frequency component by least square method sine curve fitting；
Step 9：Generate rotating speed square-wave signal：The zero crossing temporal information of the sinusoidal signal obtained using in the step 8 as
The trip point of tach signal generates rotating speed square-wave signal, is analyzed for subsequent signal spare.
2. a kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The concrete mode of acquisition vibration signal is in step 1：Assuming that equipment stabilization of speed in the time interval of sampled signal length, is obtained
Take the raw digital signal X (n) of vibrating sensor, intercept 2^N sampled point, make the digital time length of acquisition be more than but
Close to 1 second.
3. a kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal according to claim 2, which is characterized in that obtaining
Obtain raw digital signal X (n) load Hanning window w (n)
The data of window function and the data of raw digital signal make the multiplication between corresponding points, obtain new after load window function
Signal data point X ' (n),
X ' (n)=w (n) * X (n).
4. a kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Fast Fourier Transform mode described in step 3 is：
5. a kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The specific steps are frequency-region signal is converted to polar form in step 6, it is made of amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum, amplitude spectrum is single-row
It is out further processed, phase spectrum remains unchanged.
6. a kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Known speed range evaluation method is in step 4：Constant rotational speed R is obtained by unit type, its institute is inquired on amplitude spectrum
Corresponding peak value；If rotating speed is in upset condition, according to previous cycle handle as a result, positive and negative 5% frequency
The peak value nearby of inquiry amplitude spectrum in range.
7. a kind of method for accurately extracting tach signal using vibration signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The inverse in the period of the sinusoidal signal obtained in step 8 compares with the review speed-frequency obtained in step 5, obtains difference,
The difference is then verified as qualification within 1RPM, otherwise returns to step 1, resets whole process.
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| CN106872721B (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2019-04-30 | 浙江聚励云机械科技有限公司 | A kind of engine speed calculating method based on storage battery cathode voltage |
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| CN108709635B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-07-28 | 国家电网有限公司 | Method and device for determining main frequency component information of rotary mechanical vibration signal |
| JP7352371B2 (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2023-09-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | diagnostic equipment |
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| CN113188644A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-30 | 大唐东营发电有限公司 | Harmonic vibration amplitude calculation method for rotary mechanical vibration test system |
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