CN110466488B - 液压双回路车辆制动设备 - Google Patents

液压双回路车辆制动设备 Download PDF

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CN110466488B
CN110466488B CN201910374939.7A CN201910374939A CN110466488B CN 110466488 B CN110466488 B CN 110466488B CN 201910374939 A CN201910374939 A CN 201910374939A CN 110466488 B CN110466488 B CN 110466488B
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brake
cylinder
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E·库尔茨
W·舒勒
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/148—Arrangements for pressure supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/142—Systems with master cylinder
    • B60T13/145—Master cylinder integrated or hydraulically coupled with booster
    • B60T13/146—Part of the system directly actuated by booster pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/02—Arrangements of pumps or compressors, or control devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4031—Pump units characterised by their construction or mounting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4068—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system the additional fluid circuit comprising means for attenuating pressure pulsations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/42—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition having expanding chambers for controlling pressure, i.e. closed systems
    • B60T8/4275—Pump-back systems
    • B60T8/4291—Pump-back systems having means to reduce or eliminate pedal kick-back
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
    • B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
    • B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
    • B60T8/4863—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems
    • B60T8/4872—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems pump-back systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有防滑控制的液压双回路车辆制动设备(1)，并且提出了一种在两个活塞泵(9)的压力侧之间更均匀地输送制动液的活塞缸体单元(13)，其活塞(14)弹性地夹在两个弹性的环形排挤体(16)之间。

Description

液压双回路车辆制动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液压双回路车辆制动设备。
背景技术
专利文献DE 10 2004 061 811 A1公开了一种液压双回路车辆制动设备，用于具有双回路主制动缸的轿车，其中两个制动回路分别与两个液压车轮制动器连接，该车轮制动器通过主制动缸能够被施加压力并由此被操作。车轮制动器不是直接地而是间接地通过电磁阀与主制动缸连接。此外，已知的车辆制动设备在每个制动回路中具有作为液压泵的活塞泵，这些活塞泵能够通过一个电动机被共同驱动。活塞泵的吸入侧通过电磁阀的中间连接与车轮制动器连接，并且活塞泵的压力侧也通过电磁阀的中间连接与车轮制动器和主制动缸连接，使得通过活塞泵从车轮制动器并且朝主制动缸的方向抽吸制动液，以降低车轮制动器中的车轮制动压力，或者为了增加车轮制动压力而将制动液输送回到车轮制动器中。通过液压泵和电磁阀，能够以已知的方式实现防滑控制，例如防抱死控制、牵引力控制和/或车辆动态控制/电子稳定程序，通常缩写为ABS、ASR和FDR/ESP。车辆动态控制或电子稳定程序通俗地也称为防侧滑控制。
活塞泵在工作冲程或排挤冲程期间输送脉动，而在吸入冲程或返回冲程期间不输送脉动。已知的车辆制动设备的两个活塞泵在相反的方向上输送，即，总是两个活塞泵中的一个输送，而另一个活塞泵不输送。具有弹簧对中活塞的活塞缸体单元液压地布置在两个活塞泵的压力侧之间，其中活塞的一侧与一个活塞泵的压力侧连通，活塞另一侧与另一个活塞泵的压力侧连通，这样就可以完全或部分地实现压力平衡，并确保两个制动回路的液压分离。在两个活塞泵中的一个活塞泵的工作冲程或排挤冲程期间，该活塞泵将制动液输送到活塞缸体单元中，并且使活塞在缸体中移动，因此，制动回路中(其活塞泵当前正在输送)的制动压力的增加比没有活塞缸体单元的情况更低和更慢。在另一个制动回路中(其活塞泵当前不输送)，该制动回路的输送的活塞泵通过活塞缸体单元产生或提高制动压力。因此，在两个制动回路中，通过活塞泵输送的制动液变得更均匀，制动压力的增加减慢，制动压力峰值和制动压力脉动减小。这样减少了噪音产生，增加了舒适性，改善了可控性，并减少了车辆制动设备上的液压机械负荷。
发明内容
根据本发明的液压双回路车辆制动设备具有双回路的主制动缸，其中两个制动回路分别与至少一个液压车轮制动器连接，该车轮制动器通过主制动缸被施加压力并且由此被操作。此外，在每个制动回路中存在液压泵和阀门，特别是电磁阀。液压泵的吸入侧(优选地通过阀的中间连接)连接到车轮制动器，并且液压泵的压力侧(也优选地通过阀的中间连接)也连接到车轮制动器和主制动缸，使得通过液压泵从车轮制动器朝主制动缸的方向输送制动液，以减小在车轮制动器中的车轮制动压力，以及向车轮制动器中输送制动液以增加车轮制动压力。通过液压泵，可以在不操作主制动缸的情况下操作车轮制动器，并且可以通过操作的主制动缸来增加制动压力。此外，通过液压泵和阀门，可以实现其他的防滑控制，如防抱死控制、牵引力控制和车辆动态控制/电子稳定程序。
特别的，根据本发明的液压双回路车辆制动设备使用非连续但例如脉动输送的液压泵，例如活塞泵。但是，也可使用其他液压泵，如齿轮泵。为了减少压力脉动和压力峰值，根据本发明的车辆制动设备具有活塞缸体单元，该活塞缸体单元与两个制动回路中的液压泵的压力侧连接，使得一个制动回路的活塞泵与活塞缸体单元的活塞的一个活塞侧连通，并且另一制动回路的活塞泵与活塞缸体单元的活塞的另一个活塞侧连通。活塞缸体单元的活塞使两个制动回路液压分离。一个制动回路的液压泵的压力侧上较高的压力通过活塞缸体单元的活塞提高另一制动回路中的压力，只要该另一制动回路的压力较低。同时，与没有活塞缸体单元相比，制动回路中的压力降低或增加得更少。特别地，该活塞缸体单元在反向不连续输送的液压泵中是有效的，即液压泵的一个输送而另一个不输送。
为了抑制压力变化、压力振荡和压力跳跃，本发明在活塞缸体单元的缸体中的每个活塞侧上提供了可弹性变形的排挤体。
在说明书和附图中公开的所有特征可以在本发明的实施例中单独地或基本上以任何组合来实现。本发明的实施例原则上可以不具有权利要求的全部但仅具有一个或多个特征。
附图说明
以下将参考附图中所示的实施例更详细地解释本发明。其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的液压双回路车辆制动设备的液压回路图；
图2示出了图1的车辆制动设备的活塞缸体单元的轴向截面，在活塞的两侧具有恒定压力；和
图3示出了图2的活塞缸体单元，在活塞侧施加压力。
具体实施方式
附图中示出的根据本发明的液压双回路车辆制动设备1被提供用于具有四个驱动轮的机动车辆(未示出)，每个驱动轮具有液压车轮制动器2。车辆制动设备1具有两个制动回路I、II，每个制动回路分别具有两个液压车轮制动器2，该液压车轮制动器2与双回路主制动缸3连接。
每个车轮制动器2配有一个进入阀4和一个排出阀5。进入阀4和排出阀5构成了车轮制动压力控制阀装置4、5，以用于在车轮制动器2中的单个车轮地控制车路制动压力。在实施例中，进入阀4在其未通电的常态位置是打开的2/2通电磁阀，排出阀5在其未通电的常态位置是闭合的2/2通电磁阀。
车轮制动器2在两个制动回路I、II中通过相应的分离阀6和进入阀4连接到主制动缸2。在实施例中，分离阀6在其未通电的常态位置是打开的2/2通电磁阀。止回阀7液压地并联连接分离阀6，该止回阀7可以在从主制动缸3到车轮制动器2的方向连通。
每个制动回路I、II具有液压蓄能器8和作为液压泵10的活塞泵9，它们可以通过共同的电动机11被驱动。活塞泵9也可以被认为是泵元件。活塞泵9通过偏心轮(未示出)互相相反反向地驱动，即它们交替地输送。通过排出阀5，车轮制动器2连接到液压蓄能器8和液压泵10的吸入侧。液压泵10的压力侧在分离阀6和进入阀4之间与制动回路I、II连接。通过进入阀4和排出阀5(它们构成车轮制动压力调节阀装置4、5)以及液压泵10，使得每个车轮制动器2中的车轮制动压力可以单独调节，并且可以以常规方式进行防滑控制，例如防抱死、牵引和行驶动力学/电子稳定程序，通常缩写为ABS、ASR、FDR和ESP。而且，通过液压泵10可以实现车辆制动设备1的操作独立于主制动缸3的操作。同样在这种情况下，车轮制动器2中的车轮制动压力可以通过进入阀4和排出阀5控制。为了提高控制品质，本发明所示和所述实施例中的入口阀4被构造为比例阀。
此外，每个制动回路I、II中的车辆制动设备1具有吸入阀12，通过该吸入阀12，液压泵10的吸入侧可连接到主制动缸2，从而在不操作主制动缸2情况下以及未加压的车辆制动设备1中(在冷的和粘性的制动液的情况下)，能够通过液压泵10快速建立制动压力。在实施例中，进入阀12在其未通电的常态位置是关闭的2/2通电磁阀。
活塞缸体单元13连接到构造为活塞泵9的液压泵10的压力侧上，使得两个液压泵10中的每一个液压泵与活塞缸体单元13的活塞14的一个活塞侧连通。该活塞缸体单元13在图2中以放大的轴向截面示出。活塞缸体单元13具有缸体15，该缸体15也可以构造为车辆制动设备1的液压块(未示出)中的孔。活塞14布置在缸体15中的两个可弹性变形的排挤体16之间，可弹性变形的排挤体16在所示和所述实施例中由弹性体构成并且是环形的，具有矩形的、在实施例中为方形的环横截面。
缸体15在一端具有孔盘形的端壁17，从端壁的中心孔向内是作为端口18的管状套环。在另一端，缸体15具有盖子19，盖子19也具有中心孔，并且从中心孔向内也是作为端口18的管状套环。活塞14位于两个端口18之间，其中活塞14和上述端口18之间存在间距，使得活塞14在缸体15中的轴向移动被限制。上述活塞缸体单元13的缸体15中向内的端口18构成了活塞行程限定部20，这限制了活塞14在缸体15中沿两个方向的轴向位移。
上述两个环形的排挤体16被布置在活塞缸体单元13的缸体15中向内的管状的(活塞缸体单元13的)端口18上，它们包围管状连接18，同时留下环形间隙21。排挤体16的未变形的外径(当未布置在缸体15中时)略大于缸体15的内径，使得排挤体16在缸体15中径向预加应力。在轴向方向上，未变形的排挤体16比活塞14与缸体15的端壁17的轴向距离或活塞14与盖子19的轴向距离稍微厚一些，使得缸体15中的排挤体16轴向预加应力，即轴向压缩。因此，排挤体16将活塞14的两侧密封在缸体15中。另外，排挤体16抑制活塞14在缸体15中的运动，并且防止活塞14与端口18的硬冲击，端口18构成了活塞行程限定部20。如果活塞14抵靠两个活塞行程限定部20中的一个，则位于活塞侧的排挤体16填充活塞14与端壁17或盖子19之间的缸体15中的空间。这可以在图3中看到，其中活塞14移动到盖子19并且位于活塞行程限定部20处。
活塞14在其圆周上具有圆周凹槽，密封环22位于该圆周凹槽中，密封环22将活塞14密封在缸体15中，使得两个制动回路I、II液压地分离。通过排挤体16在活塞14的两侧上的上述附加密封，即使密封环22可能泄漏，也能确保了两个制动回路I、II的液压分离。
液压泵10的压力侧通过端口18与活塞缸体单元13的缸体15连通。如果两个液压泵(在本发明所示和所述的实施例中是活塞泵9并且方向相反地输送)通过电动机11驱动，则在其工作冲程或排挤冲程期间，两个活塞泵9中的一个将制动液输送到相应的制动回路I、II中，其中一部分流入缸体15，并且将活塞14移动到活塞另一侧的活塞行程限定部20。因此，活塞14将等量的制动液体输送到另一个制动回路II、I中。因此，一方面，制动回路I、II中的一个的制动压力增加越来越慢并且越少，另一方面，在另一个制动回路II、I中也发生制动压力增加，其活塞泵9此时执行吸入冲程或返回冲程并且不输送制动液。在两个活塞泵9的下一个冲程期间，这个过程被反转。
在活塞缸体单元13的缸体15中的活塞14的中间位置处，当缸体15未加压时或在两个活塞侧具有相同的压力时，环形的排挤体16和缸体15中向内突出的管状端口18之间的环形间隙21中的体积大约是活塞泵9的冲程体积的一半，即大约是活塞冲程期间输送的制动液体积的一半。在两个活塞泵9中的一个活塞泵的工作和排挤冲程期间，输送的制动液体积的大约一半从活塞泵9流入活塞缸体单元13的缸体15中，另一方面，相同体积的制动液从缸体15流入另一个制动回路II、I中。
活塞缸体单元13使得制动液更均匀地输送，该制动液被分配到活塞泵9的工作冲程或排挤冲程以及吸入冲程或返回冲程中。在活塞泵9的两个连续活塞冲程期间输送的制动液体积未减少。

Claims (7)

1.一种液压双回路车辆制动设备，具有：
双回路的主制动缸(3)，所述主制动缸连接到两个制动回路(I、II)，所述两个制动回路分别具有至少一个液压的车轮制动器(2)，所述车轮制动器能通过所述主制动缸(3)被施加压力；
在每个制动回路(I、II)中的液压泵(10)，所述液压泵(10)的吸入侧与所述车轮制动器(2)连接，并且所述液压泵(10)的压力侧与所述车轮制动器(2)和所述主制动缸(3)连接，并且所述液压泵能够将制动液从所述车轮制动器(2)朝所述主制动缸(3)的方向输送，和/或将所述制动液输送回所述车轮制动器(2)中；
用于车轮制动压力调节的阀门(4、5、6、12)；和
活塞缸体单元(13)，所述活塞缸体单元(13)连接到所述液压泵(10)的压力侧，使得所述活塞缸体单元(13)的活塞(14)的一个活塞侧与一个制动回路(I)的液压泵(10)的压力侧连通，并且所述活塞缸体单元(13)的所述活塞(14)的另一活塞侧与另一个制动回路(II)的液压泵(10)的压力侧连通，并且使得所述活塞缸体单元(13)的所述活塞(14)将所述两个制动回路(I、II)液压地分离，
其特征在于，
所述活塞缸体单元(13)的缸体(15)在每个活塞侧上具有能弹性变形的排挤体(16)，
所述活塞缸体单元(13)在所述两个制动回路(I、II)处分别具有管状端口(18)，所述管状端口(18)在所述缸体(15)中朝内并且在两个方向上限定所述活塞(14)的移动，并且所述排挤体(16)是环形的并且布置在所述管状端口(18)上，
其中在所述排挤体(16)未被所述活塞(14)压缩时，所述排挤体(16)与所述管状端口(18)之间存在环形间隙(21)以容纳制动液，并且
其中所述排挤体(16)被所述活塞(14)压缩时发生弹性变形，使得所述环形间隙(21)中容纳的制动液从所述活塞缸体单元(13)中被排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压双回路车辆制动设备，其特征在于，所述排挤体(16)是环形的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压双回路车辆制动设备，其特征在于，所述排挤体(16)是轴向和/或径向预加应力的。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压双回路车辆制动设备，其特征在于，所述液压泵(10)是活塞泵(9)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的液压双回路车辆制动设备，其特征在于，所述活塞泵(9)在相反的方向上输送。
6.根据权利要求4所述的液压双回路车辆制动设备，其特征在于，通过所述活塞(14)在所述活塞缸体单元(13)的缸体(15)中的移动而改变的所述活塞缸体单元(13)的缸体(15)中在两个活塞侧的体积是所述活塞泵(9)在一个活塞冲程中的输送体积的一半。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压双回路车辆制动设备，其特征在于，
所述活塞缸体单元(13)的所述缸体(15)对于所述活塞(14)的每个移动方向具有活塞行程限定部(20)，并且
当所述活塞(14)抵靠相应的所述活塞行程限定部(20)时，相应的所述排挤体(16)在相应的活塞侧占据所述缸体(15)中的剩余体积。
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