CN110456404B - Radiation detection device and imaging system - Google Patents
Radiation detection device and imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110456404B CN110456404B CN201910748546.8A CN201910748546A CN110456404B CN 110456404 B CN110456404 B CN 110456404B CN 201910748546 A CN201910748546 A CN 201910748546A CN 110456404 B CN110456404 B CN 110456404B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a radiation detection device and an imaging system. The radiation detection device comprises at least one detection channel, each detection channel comprising a detector and at least one counting channel, wherein each counting channel comprises: a comparator configured to compare the amplitude of the electrical signal to be measured generated by the detector in response to the received radioactive rays to an amplitude threshold; a counter configured to count particles in the radioactive rays according to a comparison result output by the comparator; and a conversion unit configured to convert the received energy threshold value into an amplitude threshold value according to a measurement result of the pre-stored reference electric signal, and to supply the converted amplitude threshold value to the comparator, wherein the energy threshold values received by the counting channels in all the detection channels are the same. By the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the particle numbers recorded by different detection channels can be the same, so that the accuracy of detection results can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of radiation detection and imaging, and in particular to a radiation detection device and an imaging system.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
The radiation detection device can be used for detecting radioactive substances and is widely applied to the fields of medical research, nuclear radiation protection, nuclear security inspection, environmental protection, homeland security and the like. At present, the radiation detection device mainly converts the received radioactive rays into electric signals by using a detector, compares the amplitude of the electric signals output by the detector with a preset voltage threshold by using a voltage comparator, outputs corresponding level signals, and records the jump times of rising edges of the level signals output by the voltage comparator in unit time by using a counter, thereby realizing the purpose of counting particles in the radioactive rays received in unit time.
In the process of implementing the present application, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:
the gain of the electric signals output by front-end devices such as detectors in different detection channels of the radiation detection device may be inconsistent, so that the amplitude of the electric signals generated by different detection channels for the radioactive rays with the same incident energy is different. If the preset voltage thresholds of all the detection channels are set to be the same, the energy ranges corresponding to the particle numbers recorded by each detection channel are different, which may cause the problem that the particle numbers recorded by different detection channels are inconsistent, so that the accuracy of the detection result is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of an embodiment of the present application is to provide a radiation detection device and an imaging system, so as to improve accuracy of a detection result.
To solve the above technical problem, embodiments of the present application provide a radiation detection device, which may include at least one detection channel, each detection channel may include a detector and at least one counting channel, and each counting channel may include:
a comparator configured to compare the amplitude of the electrical signal to be measured generated by the detector in response to the received radioactive rays to an amplitude threshold;
a counter configured to count particles in the radioactive rays according to a comparison result output by the comparator; and
a conversion unit configured to convert the received energy threshold value into the amplitude threshold value according to a measurement result of a reference electric signal stored in advance, and to supply the amplitude threshold value after conversion to the comparator,
wherein the energy thresholds received by the counting channels in all of the detection channels are the same.
In one embodiment, the conversion unit includes:
a determining unit configured to determine an amplitude threshold corresponding to the energy threshold from a measurement result of a reference electric signal acquired in advance;
a digital-to-analog converter configured to digital-to-analog convert the amplitude threshold and provide the converted amplitude threshold to the comparator.
In one embodiment, the measurement includes:
a conversion coefficient between the amplitude and the energy of the reference electrical signal;
at least two amplitudes and corresponding energies; or alternatively
A look-up table of the matching relationship between the amplitude and the energy of the reference electrical signal is recorded.
In one embodiment, the measurement results are not identical for different ones of the probe channels.
In one embodiment, the detector comprises a scintillation detector or a semiconductor detector.
In one embodiment, the comparator comprises a voltage comparator or a current comparator.
In one embodiment, the counter comprises a multi-bit synchronous counter or a multi-bit asynchronous counter.
In one embodiment, each of the detection channels further comprises:
and the amplifier is configured to amplify the electric signal to be detected output by the detector and output the amplified electric signal to the comparator in the counting channel.
In one embodiment, the radiation detection apparatus further comprises:
a master control unit configured to provide a clock signal to the counter in each of the counting channels and to provide an energy threshold to the conversion unit.
In one embodiment, each of the detection channels further comprises:
and the amplitude control unit is configured to control the amplitude of the electric signal to be detected output by the detector under the control of the master control unit.
In one embodiment, each of the detection channels further comprises:
and a gain adjusting unit configured to adjust a gain of an electric signal output from an amplifier provided between the detector and the comparator under control of the main control unit.
The embodiment of the application also provides an imaging system, which may include:
the above-mentioned radiation detection device; and
an image reconstruction device configured to perform an image reconstruction process according to a detection result of the radiation detection device.
As can be seen from the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application, the same energy threshold is provided to counting channels in all detection channels in a radiation detection device, and a conversion unit in each counting channel is configured to convert the received energy threshold into an amplitude threshold according to a measurement result of a pre-stored reference electrical signal, and provide the converted amplitude threshold to a comparator, so that the comparator can compare the amplitude threshold with an amplitude of an electrical signal to be detected output by the detector, and count the number of particles recorded in each detection channel according to a comparison result output by the comparator by using the counter, which can make the number of particles recorded in each detection channel identical, thereby improving accuracy of the detection result.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radiation detection device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another radiation detection device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of a further radiation detection device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an imaging system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only for explaining a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application or the claims. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected/coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected/coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The term "connected/coupled" as used herein may include electrical and/or mechanical physical connections/couplings. The term "comprising" as used herein refers to the presence of a feature, step or element, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps or elements. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely for descriptive purposes and to distinguish between similar objects, and there is no order of precedence between the two, nor should it be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The radiation detection apparatus and the imaging system provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a radiation detection device, at least one detection channel (1000,2000) of which each detection channel (1000,2000) comprises a detector (100, 100 ') and at least one counting channel (200, 200 ') connected to each other, wherein the detector (100, 100 ') can be used to convert received radioactive rays (e.g., α rays, β rays, X rays, γ rays, etc.) into an electrical signal to be detected; the counting channel (200, 200 ') may be used to count particles (e.g., alpha particles, beta particles, photons, etc.) in the radioactive rays based on the electrical signals to be detected output by the detector (100, 100'). When each detection channel (1000,2000) comprises a plurality of counting channels (200, 200 '), the inputs of the plurality of counting channels (200, 200 ') may be connected in parallel to the outputs of the detectors (100, 100 ').
The detector (100, 100') may be any detector capable of converting a radioactive ray into an electrical signal, such as a scintillation detector or a semiconductor detector, etc. When the detector (100, 100') is a scintillation detector, it may comprise a scintillation crystal and a photoelectric converter coupled to each other. The photodetectors may include photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), silicon photomultipliers (sipms), and the like.
Each counting channel (200, 200') may include: a comparator (210, 210 ') that may be configured to compare the amplitude of the electrical signal under test output by the detector (100, 100') in response to the received radioactive rays to an amplitude threshold and to output a corresponding comparison result; a counter (220, 220 ') that may be configured to count particles in the radioactive rays based on the comparison result output by the comparator (210, 210'); a conversion unit (230, 230 ') may be configured to convert the received energy threshold value into an amplitude threshold value based on a measurement of a pre-acquired reference electrical signal and to provide the converted amplitude threshold value to the comparator (210, 210'). Wherein the energy thresholds received by the conversion units (230, 230 ') in the counting channels (200, 200') in all detection channels (1000,2000) are the same. In addition, the electrical signal to be measured and the reference electrical signal may belong to the same electrical signal, and the frequencies, amplitudes, phases, and the like of the two may be different.
In embodiments of the present application, the comparator (210, 210 ') may include two inputs (e.g., a non-inverting input and an inverting input) connected to the detector (100, 100') and the conversion unit (230, 230 '), respectively, and an output connected to the counter (220, 220'). The type of comparator (210, 210') may correspond to the type of amplitude of the electrical signal to be measured, which may be a voltage comparator or a current comparator, etc., or may be other types of comparators. The operation process is as follows: after receiving the electrical signal under test output from the detector (100, 100 '), the comparator (210, 210') may compare the amplitude of the electrical signal under test received from the detector (100, 100 ') with the amplitude threshold received from the conversion unit (230, 230') and output a corresponding comparison result. Specifically, for the case where the detector (100, 100 ') and the conversion unit (230, 230 ') are connected to the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the comparator, respectively, when the amplitude of the electrical signal is compared to be greater than or equal to the amplitude threshold, the comparator (210, 210 ') may generate an edge transition (e.g., a rising edge transition) and may output an active level signal, e.g., 1; when the amplitude of the electrical signal is compared to be less than the amplitude threshold, the comparator (210, 210') maintains the current state and may output an invalid level signal, e.g., 0. For the case where the detector (100, 100 ') and the conversion unit (230, 230 ') are connected to the inverting input terminal and the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator, respectively, the comparator (210, 210 ') may generate an edge transition (e.g., a rising edge transition) and may output an active level signal when the amplitude of the compared electrical signal is less than or equal to the amplitude threshold; when the amplitude of the electrical signal is compared to be greater than the amplitude threshold, the comparator (210, 210') maintains the current state and can output an inactive level signal. The active level signal may be high or low, and the inactive level signal may be low or high, respectively.
In embodiments of the present application, the counter (220, 220') may be a multi-bit synchronous counter or a multi-bit asynchronous counter, as well as other types of counters. The operation process is as follows: after receiving the level signal output by the comparator (210, 210'), it counts the particles in the radioactive rays received by the detector according to the received level signal in a preset counting manner. For example, each time an active level signal is received, it is incremented or decremented by 1 on the basis of the current count until its upper or lower count limit is reached or reset; each time an invalid level signal is received, it maintains the current count unchanged. In addition, the counter (210, 210') may store the recorded count data while counting, or may output the recorded count data to the outside according to a preset output manner or under the control of the master control unit, where the preset output manner may include an immediate output or a periodic output, etc.
In an embodiment of the application, the conversion unit (230, 230 ') may comprise a determination unit (231,231') and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) (232, 232 '), wherein the determination unit (231,231') may be configured to determine an amplitude threshold value corresponding to the energy threshold value based on a measurement result of a reference electrical signal acquired in advance; a digital-to-analog converter (232, 232 ') may be used to digital-to-analog convert the amplitude threshold value determined by the determining unit (231,231 ') and to provide the converted amplitude threshold value to the comparator (210, 210 '). The measurement results may be extracted from the data measured by the detector (100, 100 '), or may be obtained by processing the data measured by the detector (100, 100 '), which may be stored in advance in the determination unit (231,231 '). The measurement may comprise a conversion coefficient between measured energy and amplitude, at least two amplitudes and corresponding energies, or a look-up table recording a matching relationship between amplitude and energy, etc. It should be noted that the measurement results may be different for different detection channels, i.e. partially or completely different.
In general, the amplitude of the electrical signal output by the detector (100, 100') is linearly related to the energy corresponding thereto, and the linear relationship can be expressed by the following formula: m=k×e+b, where M represents amplitude, E represents energy, and k and b represent conversion coefficients. The two conversion coefficients k and b can be obtained by processing the spectra of the reference electrical signal measured in advance. Specifically, an amplitude (e.g., voltage or current, etc.) may be extracted from the measured energy spectrum, and then a linear relationship between the extracted amplitude and the energy of the radiation source used may be determined based on the extracted amplitude and the energy of the radiation source used, thereby determining a conversion coefficient therebetween.
For the case where the above-mentioned conversion coefficient is stored, the determination unit (231,231') may calculate the energy threshold using the stored conversion coefficient, thereby determining the corresponding amplitude threshold, after receiving the energy threshold.
In addition, the amplitude extracted from the measured energy spectrum of the reference electrical signal and the energy of the used radiation source may also be stored directly as measurement results in the determination unit (231,231 '), so that after receiving the energy threshold, the determination unit (231,231') may determine the corresponding amplitude threshold by linearly differencing the measurement results with the energy threshold.
Furthermore, for the case of a non-linear conversion relation between amplitude and energy, a look-up table may be constructed from the energy of the used radiation source and the measured amplitude of the reference electrical signal, which look-up table is then stored in the determination unit (231,231'). In this way, after receiving the energy threshold, the determining unit (231,231') can look up an amplitude threshold matching the energy threshold from the stored look-up table.
Taking the counting channel 200 as an example, it may operate as follows: after receiving the externally input energy threshold value, the determining unit 231 in the converting unit 230 may determine an amplitude threshold value corresponding to the received energy threshold value according to the measurement result of the internally stored reference electrical signal, where the amplitude threshold value is a digital signal, and then the digital-to-analog converter 232 converts the digital signal transmitted by the determining unit 231 into an analog signal and provides the converted analog signal to the comparator 210; after receiving the electrical signal to be measured output by the detector 100 and the analog signal transmitted by the conversion unit 230, the comparator 210 compares the magnitudes of the two signals, and when the magnitude of the electrical signal to be measured is greater than or equal to the magnitude of the analog signal, the comparator 210 can output a high level to the counter 220, and when the magnitude of the electrical signal to be measured is less than the magnitude of the analog signal, the comparator 210 outputs a low level to the counter 220; after receiving the level signal transmitted by the comparator 210, the counter 220 may start counting, and when the level signal is at a high level, it may increment 1 on the basis of the initial count (e.g., 0) until reaching its upper count limit, and when the level signal is at a low level, it maintains the initial count until receiving the high level. After the counting is completed, the counter 220 may output the recorded count data to the outside.
As can be seen from the foregoing description, since the energy thresholds received by the conversion units in the counting channels in all the detection channels of the radiation detection apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application are the same, and the energy thresholds are converted into amplitude thresholds according to the measurement results of the reference electric signals acquired in advance, if the measurement results obtained by the front-end devices such as the detectors are different for a plurality of detection channels, the amplitude thresholds obtained by the conversion units in each counting channel after the conversion of the energy thresholds will be correspondingly different. Therefore, after the amplitudes of the electric signals to be detected output by the detectors in different detection channels are respectively compared with the corresponding amplitude threshold values, the same comparison result can be obtained, so that the particle numbers of the radioactive rays recorded by each counting channel are the same, and the aim of improving the accuracy of the detection result is fulfilled.
In another embodiment of the present application, each detection channel (1000,2000) may further include an amplifier (300, 300 ') that may be configured to amplify the electrical signal under test output by the detector (100, 100') and output the amplified electrical signal to each comparator (210, 210 ') in the counting channel (200, 200'). The electric signal to be detected output by the detector is amplified properly by the amplifier, so that the comparator can be used for comparison processing.
In a further embodiment of the application, the radiation detection device may further comprise a master control unit 400, which may be configured to provide a clock signal to the counter (220, 220 ') in all counting channels (200, 200 '), such that the counter (220, 220 ') counts according to the received clock signal, and may also provide an energy threshold to the conversion units (230, 230 ') in all counting channels (200, 200 ').
In another embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, each detection channel (1000,2000) may further include an amplitude control unit (500, 500 ') that may be configured to control the amplitude of the electrical signal under test output by the detector (100, 100 ') under the control of the general control unit 400, so that the amplitudes of the electrical signals under test output by the detectors (100, 100 ') in all detection channels (1000,2000) may be made as identical as possible.
In another embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, each detection channel (1000,2000) may further include a gain adjustment unit (600, 600 ') that may be configured to adjust the gain of the electrical signal output by the amplifier (300, 300 ') under the control of the master control unit 400, so that the gain of the electrical signal output by the amplifier (300, 300 ') in all detection channels (1000,2000) may be made as identical as possible.
By arranging the amplitude control unit and/or the gain adjustment unit, the influence of the gain of front-end devices such as a detector, an amplifier and the like on the count data recorded by the following count channels can be reduced, so that the detection result of the radiation detection device is more accurate.
The embodiment of the application also provides an imaging system, as shown in fig. 4, which may include the radiation detection device and the image reconstruction device in the above embodiment, where the image reconstruction device may perform image reconstruction processing according to the detection result of the radiation detection device, so as to achieve the purpose of imaging the object to be tested. For a specific procedure of how the image reconstruction device performs the image reconstruction process, reference may be made to the related description in the prior art, and a detailed description is omitted herein. The image reconstruction device may be a specific chip, for example, an FPGA chip, or may be a computing device such as a computer.
The systems, devices, modules, units, etc. described in the above embodiments may be implemented by a semiconductor chip, a computer chip, and/or an entity, or by a product having a certain function. For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being functionally divided into various units, respectively. Of course, the functions of each unit may be implemented in the same chip or chips when implementing the present application.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and use of the present application by those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments and that the general principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the need for inventive faculty. Accordingly, the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the disclosure of the present application, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A radiation detection device comprising at least one detection channel, each of said detection channels comprising a detector and at least one counting channel, characterized in that each of said counting channels comprises:
a comparator configured to compare the amplitude of the electrical signal to be measured generated by the detector in response to the received radioactive rays to an amplitude threshold;
a counter configured to count particles in the radioactive rays according to a comparison result output by the comparator; and
the conversion unit is configured to convert the received energy threshold value into the amplitude threshold value according to a measurement result of a pre-stored reference electric signal, provide the converted amplitude threshold value for the comparator, and obtain the same comparison result after comparing the amplitude of the electric signal to be detected output by the detector in different detection channels with the corresponding amplitude threshold value respectively, wherein the measurement results are different for different detection channels, and the amplitude threshold value obtained after converting the energy threshold value by the conversion unit in each counting channel is correspondingly different;
wherein the energy thresholds received by the counting channels in all the detection channels are the same;
wherein the measurement result includes:
a conversion coefficient between the amplitude and the energy of the reference electrical signal;
at least two amplitudes and corresponding energies; or alternatively
A look-up table of the matching relationship between the amplitude and the energy of the reference electrical signal is recorded.
2. The radiation detection apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the conversion unit comprises:
a determining unit configured to determine an amplitude threshold corresponding to the energy threshold from a measurement result of a reference electric signal stored in advance;
a digital-to-analog converter configured to digital-to-analog convert the amplitude threshold and provide the converted amplitude threshold to the comparator.
3. The radiation detection apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the detector comprises a scintillation detector or a semiconductor detector.
4. The radiation detection device defined in claim 1, wherein the comparator comprises a voltage comparator or a current comparator.
5. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the counter comprises a multi-bit synchronous counter or a multi-bit asynchronous counter.
6. The radiation detection device of claim 1, wherein each of the detection channels further comprises:
and the amplifier is configured to amplify the electric signal to be detected output by the detector and output the amplified electric signal to the comparator in the counting channel.
7. The radiation detection apparatus as recited in claim 1 or 6, wherein the radiation detection apparatus further comprises:
a master control unit configured to provide a clock signal to the counter in each of the counting channels and to provide an energy threshold to the conversion unit.
8. The radiation detection apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein each of the detection channels further comprises:
and the amplitude control unit is configured to control the amplitude of the electric signal to be detected output by the detector under the control of the master control unit.
9. The radiation detection apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein each of the detection channels further comprises:
and a gain adjusting unit configured to adjust a gain of an electric signal output from an amplifier provided between the detector and the comparator under control of the main control unit.
10. An imaging system, comprising:
the radiation detection device of any one of claims 1-9; and
an image reconstruction device configured to perform an image reconstruction process according to a detection result of the radiation detection device.
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CN110456404B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2023-07-28 | 苏州瑞迈斯科技有限公司 | Radiation detection device and imaging system |
CN111679333A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-18 | 苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司 | Radiation detection device and system |
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