CN110456096B - Impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device and application method thereof - Google Patents
Impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110456096B CN110456096B CN201910857883.0A CN201910857883A CN110456096B CN 110456096 B CN110456096 B CN 110456096B CN 201910857883 A CN201910857883 A CN 201910857883A CN 110456096 B CN110456096 B CN 110456096B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004441 surface measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
- G01P5/06—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes
- G01P5/07—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer using rotation of vanes with electrical coupling to the indicating device
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device and an application method thereof, wherein the device comprises a bracket structure system, a same-speed rotating wheel system and a circuit system; the bracket structure system plays roles of supporting stress and mounting adjustment of the whole device; the same-speed runner system structure is impeller type equipment rotating along with the debris flow fluid, and linear motion is converted into rotation by measuring the flow speed of the debris flow in a same-speed runner mode; the circuit system measures the rotation speed and then the linear speed, measures the internal flow velocity of the mudstone fluid in real time, and starts the rear-end early warning device when the flow velocity reaches a preset threshold value; the device is flexible and adjustable, convenient to detach and install, high in automation degree, and capable of supplying power by solar energy, and cost is saved; the method is easy to understand and convenient to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mud-rock flow disaster early warning and prevention and control, in particular to an impeller mud-rock flow speed monitoring and early warning device and an application method thereof.
Background
The debris flow is a common and frequent geological disaster in mountain areas in China, and has the characteristics of burst property, high speed, high energy, extremely strong destructive power, large volume of carried substances and the like. Therefore, there are often major economic losses and casualties to towns and villages where debris flows occur. The mud-rock flow velocity is one of important design parameters in mud-rock flow prevention and control engineering, but because of strong burstiness, the velocity is generally difficult to accurately monitor, so that how to quickly and simply test the mud-rock flow velocity on site becomes important.
The current method for measuring the flow velocity of the debris flow mainly comprises a carrier phase difference method, a Doppler method, a photoelastic method, an image interpretation method and the like. They are based on fluid surface measurements of the debris flow, but since the debris flow is an inhomogeneous multiphase fluid containing a large amount of sediment, stones, water, etc., the surface flow rate of the debris flow is significantly different from the internal flow rate. Therefore, the existing method is difficult to monitor the flow velocity of the debris flow in real time, accurately measure the internal flow velocity of the debris flow, achieve the early warning effect and solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing debris flow velocity measurement technology, the method aims at monitoring the flow velocity inside the debris flow and early warning the disaster of the debris flow. The invention provides an impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device and an application method thereof.
The invention relates to an impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device which comprises a support structure system, a same-speed rotating wheel system and a circuit system.
The support structure system is provided with two same lifting foot frames which are bilaterally symmetrical, two auxiliary supports are installed at the lower part of each lifting foot frame through support hinges, a horizontal cross beam is fixed at the upper end of each lifting foot frame through detachable screws, and the horizontal cross beam is reinforced with the lifting foot frames through fixing steel bars. The upper surface of the horizontal beam is provided with a horizontal support plate through a fixed screw, and the two vertical support plates are respectively connected with the left end and the right end of the horizontal support plate through hinges arranged at the bottom edge; the middle part of the horizontal support plate is provided with a rigid insulating bracket.
The same-speed rotating wheel system structure is as follows: the inner ring of one rotating wheel is just connected with the middle part of the horizontal cross beam, the outer ring of the rotating wheel is uniformly fixed with eight insulating rigid rods along the radial direction of the rotating wheel, and the middle part of each insulating rigid rod is welded with a varistor brush; the end part of the insulating rigid rod is welded with a circular blade-shaped same-speed rotating blade. The sensitivity of the wheel axle is high, and the friction resistance is almost negligible, so that the flow speed of the debris flow can be converted into the rotating speed of the same-speed rotating wheel with high efficiency.
The circuit system structure is as follows: the electrode probe is arranged at the top of the rigid insulating bracket and is contacted with the varistor brush in a matched manner, and the electrode probe is sequentially connected with the current signal monitor, the electric storage device and the switch through wires to form a loop. Meanwhile, the current signal monitor is connected with an analog-to-digital converter through a data line, and the analog-to-digital converter is connected with a signal transmitter.
Further, the length of the insulating rigid rod is adjusted by the first internal thread and the first external thread; the lifting foot rest is height-adjustable by the internal and external threads. So as to meet the test requirements of different deep debris flow ditches.
Further, the varistor brushes are annular brushes in which resistors are distributed annularly along a space, the resistance values of the resistors are sequentially changed, and the diameter of the varistor brushes is slightly larger than that of the annular brushes of the insulating rigid rods.
Further, the circuit system further comprises a solar photovoltaic panel which is arranged at the top of the vertical support plate through a hinge; the solar photovoltaic panel is connected with the power storage device to provide power for the power storage device. In addition, the solar photovoltaic panel can be used as a canopy to play a double role in power generation and rain shielding.
Further, the material of the bracket structure system is aluminum alloy, and the insulating rigid rod is made of engineering plastic, glass fiber or epoxy resin material and has certain rigidity.
The invention discloses an application method of an impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, point selection and pre-embedding: selecting at least 3 test points with flat ground on a channel of a debris flow circulation area, and digging pits with a certain depth on two sides of the channel; embedding the lifting foot stand and the auxiliary support into the rammer.
Step 2, installing a support structure system: the horizontal cross beam is connected with the lifting foot rest through a detachable screw, and the horizontal cross beam and the lifting foot rest are secondarily reinforced through fixed steel bars; the horizontal support plate is fixed through the fixing screw, and the rigid insulating support is installed.
Step 3, adjusting a same-speed rotating wheel system: and (3) adjusting the insulation rigid rod welded with the varistor brush to a corresponding length according to the depth of the debris flow trench, adjusting the same-speed rotating blades to enable the normal direction of the same-speed rotating blades to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the trench, and finally fixing the same-speed rotating blades.
Step 4, installing a circuit system: sequentially connecting and assembling an electrode probe, a current signal monitor, an electric storage device and a switch by using wires; the analog-digital converter and the signal transmitter are installed at specific positions and connected to the electric storage device and the current signal monitor.
Step 5, signal monitoring: turning on each power switch to wait for debris flow; when the debris flow comes, the debris flow firstly contacts the same-speed rotating blade, the impact of the debris flow drives the whole same-speed rotating wheel to rotate at the same speed, meanwhile, the varistor brush at the middle part of the insulating rigid rod contacts the electrode probe, and the current signal monitor monitors the current change in the circuit and collects current signals.
Step 6, signal processing and early warning: the current signal monitor sends a current signal to the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter converts the received current signal into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the signal transmitter, the signal transmitter sends the signal to the terminal processor in a wireless transmission mode, the flow speed of the debris flow is obtained after the signal is processed by the terminal processor, when the flow speed reaches a preset threshold value, the terminal processor immediately sends an early warning signal to the local early warning device in a wireless mode, and an alarm is sent to remind villages and citizens to disperse in time to a safe area.
The method step 4 further comprises the steps of installing vertical support plates at the left end and the right end of the horizontal support plate, and installing the solar photovoltaic plates on the vertical support plates through hinges; the solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the power storage device by a wire and supplies electric power thereto.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the method, the flow velocity of the debris flow is measured by adopting the same-speed rotating wheel, linear motion is converted into rotation, and the linear velocity is measured by measuring the rotating speed, so that the method is easy to understand; the device can skillfully convert the huge impact force of the debris flow in a rotating mode, greatly reduce the damage risk of the monitoring device, accurately measure the internal flow velocity of the debris flow in real time, and provide important help for staff in the process of restoring the movement of the debris flow and more reliable data for the research and prevention of the debris flow. Besides, the device is flexible and adjustable, convenient to detach and install, high in automation degree and capable of supplying power by solar energy, and cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a debris flow velocity monitoring device;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the construction of the debris flow rate monitoring device;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the construction of the debris flow rate monitoring device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the debris flow rate monitoring device;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the device in an operating state when debris flow occurs.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The reference numerals in the figures are: 11: lifting foot rest, 111: bracket hinge, 112: internal and external threads one, 113: auxiliary stand, 114: internal and external threads two, 12: horizontal cross beam, 121: removable screw, 122: fixing steel bar, 123: set screw, 13: horizontal support plate, 14: hinge, 15: vertical extension board, 16: insulating support, 21: wheel, 22: insulating rigid rod, 23: same-speed rotating blade, 31: current signal monitor, 32: electrode probe, 33: solar photovoltaic panel, 34: varistor brushes, 35: switch, 36: power storage device, 41: analog-to-digital converter, 42: a signal transmitter.
The invention provides an impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device, which has a structure shown in figure 1 and comprises a bracket structure system, a same-speed rotating wheel system and a circuit system.
The bracket structure system is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and plays roles in supporting stress and mounting adjustment of the whole device. Specifically, two identical lifting foot frames 11 are bilaterally symmetrical, two auxiliary brackets 113 are installed at the lower part of each lifting foot frame 11 through bracket hinges 111, a horizontal cross beam 12 is fixed at the upper end of each lifting foot frame 11 through detachable screws 121, and the horizontal cross beam 12 and the lifting foot frames 11 are reinforced through fixing steel bars 122. The horizontal beam 12 is provided with a horizontal support plate 13 through a fixing screw 123, and two vertical support plates 15 are respectively connected with the left end and the right end of the horizontal support plate 13 through hinges 14 arranged at the bottom edge; a rigid insulating bracket 16 is arranged in the middle of the horizontal support plate 13.
The structure of the same-speed runner system is shown in fig. 1 and 3, and the same-speed runner system is impeller type equipment rotating along with debris flow fluid, and specifically comprises: the inner ring of one rotating wheel 21 is just connected with the middle part of the horizontal beam 12, eight insulating rigid rods 22 are uniformly fixed on the outer ring of the rotating wheel 21 along the radial direction of the rotating wheel, and a variable resistance electric brush 34 is welded at the middle part of each insulating rigid rod 22; the end of the insulating rigid rod 22 is welded with a circular blade-shaped co-rotating blade 23. The sensitivity of the wheel shaft 21 is high, and the friction resistance is almost negligible, so that the debris flow speed can be converted into the rotating speed of the same-speed rotating wheel with high efficiency.
The circuit system structure is shown in fig. 4, and specifically includes: the electrode probe 32 is arranged on the top of the rigid insulating bracket 16 and is contacted with the varistor brush 34 in a matching way, and the electrode probe 32 is sequentially connected with the current signal monitor 31, the electric storage device 36 and the switch 35 through leads to form a loop. Meanwhile, the current signal monitor 31 is connected with the analog-to-digital converter 41 through a data line, and the analog-to-digital converter 41 is connected with the signal transmitter 42. As shown in fig. 2, the wires may be routed through wire slots in the horizontal cross member 12.
Further, the insulating rigid rod 22 is adjusted in length by the first internal and external threads 112; the height of the lifting foot rest 11 is adjusted by the second internal and external threads 114. So as to meet the test requirements of different deep debris flow ditches.
Further, the varistor brushes 34 are annular brushes having resistances distributed in a circular shape along the space, the resistances varying in sequence, and having diameters slightly larger than those of the insulating rigid rods 22.
Further, the circuit system further comprises a solar photovoltaic panel 33, wherein the solar photovoltaic panel 33 is arranged on the top of the vertical support plate 15 through a hinge 14; the solar photovoltaic panel 33 is connected to an electrical storage device 36 for supplying power thereto. In addition, the solar photovoltaic panel 33 can serve as a canopy to perform the dual functions of generating electricity and shielding rain.
Further, the material of the bracket structure system is aluminum alloy, and the insulating rigid rod 22 is made of engineering plastic, glass fiber or epoxy resin material, so that the bracket structure system has certain rigidity.
The invention discloses an application method of an impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, point selection and pre-embedding: at least 3 test points with relatively flat ground are selected on the channel of the debris flow circulation zone, as shown in fig. 5. Digging pits with a certain depth on two sides of the channel respectively; the lifting foot rest 11 and the auxiliary support 113 are embedded and tamped. The conditions allow for pourability.
Step 2, installing a support structure system: the horizontal beam 12 and the lifting foot rest 11 are connected through a detachable screw 121, and the horizontal beam 12 and the lifting foot rest 11 are secondarily reinforced through a fixed steel bar 122; the horizontal support plate 13 is fixed by fixing screws 123, and the rigid insulating bracket 16 is installed.
Step 3, adjusting a same-speed rotating wheel system: the insulation rigid rod 22 welded with the varistor brush 34 is adjusted to the corresponding length according to the depth of the debris flow trench, the same-speed rotating blade 23 is adjusted to make the normal direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the trench, and finally the insulation rigid rod is fixed.
Step 4, installing a circuit system: the electrode probe 32, the current signal monitor 31, the electric storage device 36 and the switch 35 are connected and assembled by wires in sequence; the analog-to-digital converter 41 and the signal transmitter 42 are installed at specific positions and connected to the power storage device 36 and the current signal monitor 31.
Step 5, building a solar photovoltaic panel 33 (optional): the vertical support plates 15 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the horizontal support plate 13, and then the solar photovoltaic plates 33 are arranged on the vertical support plates 15 through hinges 14; the solar photovoltaic panel 33 is connected to the power storage device 36 with a wire and supplies electric power thereto.
Step 6, signal monitoring: turning on the power switches 35 to wait for debris flow; when the debris flow comes, the debris flow firstly contacts the same-speed rotating blade 23, the impact of the debris flow drives the whole same-speed rotating wheel to rotate at the same speed, meanwhile, the varistor brush 34 in the middle of the insulating rigid rod 22 contacts the electrode probe 32, and the current signal monitor 31 monitors the current change in the circuit and collects current signals.
Step 7, signal processing and early warning: the current signal monitor 31 sends a current signal to the analog-to-digital converter 41, the analog-to-digital converter 41 converts the received current signal into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the signal transmitter 42, the signal transmitter 42 sends the signal to the terminal processor in a wireless transmission mode, the flow rate of the debris flow is obtained after the signal is processed by the terminal processor, when the flow rate reaches a preset threshold value, the terminal processor immediately sends an early warning signal to the local early warning device in a wireless mode, and an alarm is sent to remind villagers to disperse in time to a safe area.
The terminal processor is equipment installed in a relevant department of local geological disaster monitoring, can timely process data sent by the signal transmitter 42, obtains parameters such as debris flow speed after being processed by the terminal processor, and immediately sends an early warning signal to the early warning device when the measured debris flow speed value exceeds a set threshold value. The early warning device is an alarm device arranged in the area where the debris flow is affected, and early warning is carried out on the area where the debris flow is affected in time after signals sent by the terminal processor are received.
Claims (5)
1. The impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device is characterized by comprising a bracket structure system, a same-speed runner system and a circuit system;
the support structure system is provided with two same lifting foot frames (11) which are bilaterally symmetrical, two auxiliary supports (113) are arranged at the lower part of each lifting foot frame (11) through support hinges (111), a horizontal cross beam (12) is fixed at the upper end of each lifting foot frame (11) through detachable screws (121), and the horizontal cross beam (12) and the lifting foot frames (11) are reinforced through fixed steel bars (122); the horizontal cross beam (12) is provided with a horizontal support plate (13) through a fixing screw (123), and two vertical support plates (15) are respectively connected to the left end and the right end of the horizontal support plate (13) through hinges (14) arranged at the bottom edge; a rigid insulating bracket (16) is arranged in the middle of the horizontal support plate (13); the length of the insulating rigid rod (22) is adjusted by the first internal thread (112); the height of the lifting foot rest (11) is adjusted by the internal and external threads (114) so as to meet the testing requirements of different deep debris flow trenches;
the same-speed rotating wheel system comprises: the inner ring of one rotating wheel (21) is just connected with the middle part of the horizontal cross beam (12), eight insulating rigid rods (22) are uniformly fixed on the outer ring of the rotating wheel (21) along the radial direction of the rotating wheel, and a resistance variable electric brush (34) is welded at the middle part of each insulating rigid rod (22); the end part of the insulating rigid rod (22) is welded with a circular blade-shaped same-speed rotating blade (23); the resistance variable brushes (34) are annular brushes, the resistances of which are distributed annularly along the space, the resistance values of which are changed sequentially, and the diameters of which are slightly larger than those of the insulating rigid rods (22);
the circuit system is as follows: the electrode probe (32) is arranged at the top of the rigid insulating bracket (16) and is in matched contact with the varistor brush (34), and the electrode probe (32) is sequentially connected with the current signal monitor (31), the power storage device (36) and the switch (35) through leads to form a loop; the current signal monitor (31) is connected with the analog-to-digital converter (41) through a data line, the analog-to-digital converter (41) is connected with the signal transmitter (42), the current signal monitor (31) sends a current signal to the analog-to-digital converter (41), the analog-to-digital converter (41) converts the received current signal into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the signal transmitter (42), and the signal transmitter (42) sends the signal to the terminal processor in a wireless transmission mode.
2. The impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, wherein the circuit system further comprises a solar photovoltaic panel (33), and the solar photovoltaic panel (33) is installed on the top of the vertical support plate (15) through a hinge (14); the solar photovoltaic panel (33) is connected with the power storage device (36) to supply power for the solar photovoltaic panel.
3. The impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the support structure system is made of aluminum alloy, and the insulating rigid rod (22) is made of engineering plastic, glass fiber or epoxy resin material.
4. The application method of the impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device according to any one of claims 1-2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, point selection and pre-embedding: selecting at least 3 test points with flat ground on a channel of a debris flow circulation area, and digging a pit on two sides of the channel respectively; embedding the lifting foot stand (11) and the auxiliary bracket (113) into the rammer;
step 2, installing a support structure system: the horizontal cross beam (12) is connected with the lifting foot rest (11) through a detachable screw (121), and the horizontal cross beam (12) and the lifting foot rest (11) are secondarily reinforced through a fixed steel bar (122); fixing the horizontal support plate (13) through a fixing screw (123), and installing a rigid insulating bracket (16);
step 3, adjusting a same-speed rotating wheel system: the insulation rigid rod (22) welded with the varistor brush (34) is adjusted to the corresponding length according to the depth condition of the debris flow trench, the normal direction of the same-speed rotating blade (23) is adjusted to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the trench, and finally the insulation rigid rod is fixed;
step 4, installing a circuit system: the electrode probe (32), the current signal monitor (31), the power storage device (36) and the switch (35) are connected and assembled by leads in sequence; an analog-to-digital converter (41) and a signal transmitter (42) are installed at specific positions and connected to the electric storage device (36) and the current signal monitor (31);
step 5, signal monitoring: turning on each power switch (35) to wait for debris flow; when the debris flow comes, the debris flow firstly contacts the same-speed rotating blade (23), the impact of the debris flow drives the whole same-speed rotating wheel to rotate at the same speed, meanwhile, a variable resistance brush (34) in the middle of the insulating rigid rod (22) contacts with the electrode probe (32), and a current signal monitor (31) monitors the current change in the circuit and collects a current signal;
step 6, signal processing and early warning: the current signal monitor (31) sends a current signal to the analog-to-digital converter (41), the analog-to-digital converter (41) converts the received current signal into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the signal emitter (42), the signal emitter (42) sends the signal to the terminal processor in a wireless transmission mode, the flow rate of the debris flow is obtained after the signal is processed by the terminal processor, when the flow rate reaches a preset threshold value, the terminal processor immediately sends an early warning signal to the local early warning device in a wireless mode, and an alarm is sent to remind villages and villages to disperse in time to a safe area.
5. The application method of the impeller type debris flow speed monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4 is characterized in that the step 4 further comprises the steps of installing vertical support plates (15) at the left end and the right end of a horizontal support plate (13), and installing solar photovoltaic plates (33) on the vertical support plates (15) through hinges (14); the solar photovoltaic panel (33) is connected to the power storage device (36) by a wire and supplies electric power thereto.
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| CN110887957A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-17 | 浙江师范大学 | Monitoring device for shallow soil landslide disaster under typhoon-rainstorm condition |
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