CN110438303A - A kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil - Google Patents
A kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110438303A CN110438303A CN201910725569.7A CN201910725569A CN110438303A CN 110438303 A CN110438303 A CN 110438303A CN 201910725569 A CN201910725569 A CN 201910725569A CN 110438303 A CN110438303 A CN 110438303A
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- crankshaft
- 42crmo
- automobile
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- treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil, comprising: three footworks of normalized treatment, modifier treatment, surface high frequency quenching etc..First before automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel only needs modifier treatment technique, increase a normalizing heat treatment technique, as the pre-heat treatment；It is air-cooled that its normalizing heat treatment technique is selected as 880 DEG C × 1h, and 0.5h is clearly kept the temperature when being warming up to 550 DEG C；Crankshaft after normalizing is heat-treated, modifier treatment is carried out again, including quenching+high tempering processing, its hardening media will select special hardening liquid, rather than clear holding time is air-cooled again by 5 hours when general water cooling used, oily cooling, high tempering, high-frequency induction hardening processing finally is carried out to axle journal and radiused surface position again, gives specific process parameter, performance indicator requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil.
Background technique
Crankshaft is one of most critical components of automobile engine, and manufacturing cost accounts for the 10-20% of engine.Crankshaft exists
By continually changing gaseous-pressure, inertia force and moment loading in work, it is bent, reverses, cutting to be generated in each section
It cuts, the alternate stresses such as tension and compression, service condition very severe.The performance of crankshaft affects automobile engine in many degree
Reliability and service life it requires that crankshaft has higher tensile strength, fatigue strength, surface strength, wearability, while center portion
There is certain toughness.Under the premise of relevant national standard requires, other than scientific selection, how science formulates heat treatment work
Skill is the core of Automobile Parts Industry difference sexual competition.Currently, domestic crankshaft material is generally divided into forged steel and spheroidal graphite cast-iron two
Class.For the high-power engine crankshaft of 160 kW or more, forged steel crankshaft is preferentially used.
Generally automobile-used 42CrMo steel selects common quenched steel crank shaft, by forging base.Its production technology route is:
Blanking-heating in medium frequency-blocking-finish-forging-trimming-shaping-modifier treatment-shot-peening-detection-machining.The heat of this kind of crankshaft forging blank
Treatment process is more complex, needs the time more, and energy consumption is larger.According to national " automobile engine crankshaft technical conditions mark
It is quasi- " it requires, the common heat treatment process of automobile-used 42CrMo quenched and tempered steel integral shaft forging stock specifically includes that normalized treatment, quenched place
Reason etc., this outer journal and radiused surface need to carry out medium-high frequency quenching or nitrogen treatment.
It is required according to relevant national standard, the automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft of different type, forging stock both can be using at normalizing
Reason can also select the heat treatment methods such as modifier treatment, can generally meet national standard, but for the 42CrMo of different automobile types
Crankshaft forged steel selects which kind of heat treatment process and what process line, relevant criterion not to have clear stipulaties on earth.So no
It is different using heat treatment process difference and process line with the 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel of vehicle, the automobile-used 42CrMo finally obtained
The tissue and performance of crankshaft are also different.
Meanwhile the normalizing temperature range of different automobile types 42CrMo crankshaft forging blank is 30 ~ 50 DEG C of Ac3 or Accm or more；Quenching
Temperature range is 850~870 ± 10 DEG C, and water quenching, oil quenching may be selected；Tempering range is selected as 570~610 ± 10 DEG C, mesh
None preceding clear specific heat treatment route.And national standard do not provide yet specific temperature, the rate of heat addition, heat preservation when
Between, specific hardening media etc..
However, certain model pick up diesel vehicle is constantly connected to customer complaint in recent years, main to reflect: there is early stage in automobile crane
Inordinate wear, operation abnormal sound, it is cracked and other issues when serious.The automobile-used crankshaft of model diesel oil is 42CrMo forged steel, one
As normative heat treatment be modifier treatment, and handle after indices reach relevant national standard, but the integrated machine of its final products
Tool performance is still unable to satisfy the type vehicle service life requirement, this explanation: other than crankshaft material ingredient and forging quality, specifically
Heat treatment technics correctly select, apply and the correct implementation of concrete technology route, be influence the crankshaft final products comprehensive
Close the key of mechanical performance；How by experiment and test, the heat-treatment technology method of vehicle 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel is obtained
It is extremely important with process line.
Summary of the invention
Its of the invention purpose be that provide it is a kind of suitable for the special of the automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel of the model diesel oil
" three-step approach " heat treatment process can make the microstructure and property index of the crankshaft not only only reach corresponding national sector standard, more
It is cracked when serious, even it is important that solving the current car model crankshaft abnormal in early stage abrasion, operation abnormal sound occurs
Fracture and other issues, to optimize properties of product.
It adopts the technical scheme that achieve the above object, a kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " of diesel oil
Heat treatment process, the technique the following steps are included:
(1) before the modifier treatment needed for automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel, increase a normalizing heat treatment technique, at preheating
Reason, it is air-cooled that normalizing heat treatment technique is selected as 880 DEG C × 1h, and 0.5h is clearly kept the temperature when being warming up to 550 DEG C；Normalizing
Afterwards, material crankshaft collar hardness average value is 280HBW, and the fine pearlite+ferrite refined is quenched place
Reason lays the foundation；
(2) crankshaft after being heat-treated normalizing, then modifier treatment is carried out, modifier treatment includes quenching, high tempering, is specifically quenched
Fiery scheme are as follows: start with the heating of 55-58 DEG C/h heating rate, until 600 DEG C or so heat preservation 0.5h, then with 98-100 DEG C/h heating
Rate continues to heat, until 860 DEG C, keeps the temperature and carries out quenching cooling with special hardening liquid after 1.5h, rather than use routine water cooling,
Oil quenchinng is cooling；It is tempered Scheme Choice are as follows: is heated to 580 DEG C with 58-60 DEG C/h heating rate, and requires heat preservation 5 hours
It is air-cooled again afterwards；Obtaining tissue is tempered sorbite and is evenly distributed, refines, and the hardness average value of axle journal is 303HB, and crankshaft is anti-
Tensile strength mean value 1200Mpa, yield strength mean value 980Mpa, elongation 15%, section shrinkage rate 58%, ballistic work 84J, impact are tough
Property value 80J/cm2, is significantly better than national relevant industries standard；
(3) 42CrMo crankshaft steel carries out at high-frequency quenching after normalized treatment+modifier treatment, then to its axle journal and radiused surface
Reason, concrete technology is: using the high-frequency discharge of 12KHZ, quickly heating, heating time is limited to 5s-5.5s, immediately sprays
Immersion oil is cooling, and guarantee hardening depth is 1.2-1.5mm, guarantees its hardness number 58-60HRC, and it is automobile-used to complete diesel oil
42CrMo crankshaft forges Heat-Treatment of Steel.
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
It is an advantage of the invention that the microstructure and property index that the technique enables to the 42CrMo crankshaft after heat treatment final, no
Only up to national relevant evaluation standard, and it most importantly can satisfy the integrated machine of the type diesel vehicle crankshaft final products
Tool performance, vehicle driving requires and crankshaft life requirements, solves the problems, such as actual mass.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the normalized treatment processing line of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil of the invention
Road；
Fig. 2 is the modifier treatment process line of the automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " of diesel oil of the invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil, as shown in Figure 1, 2, which includes
Following steps:
(1) before the modifier treatment needed for automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel, increase a normalizing heat treatment technique, at preheating
Reason, it is air-cooled that normalizing heat treatment technique is selected as 880 DEG C × 1h, and 0.5h is clearly kept the temperature when being warming up to 550 DEG C；
(2) crankshaft after being heat-treated normalizing, then modifier treatment is carried out, modifier treatment includes quenching, high tempering, is specifically quenched
Fiery scheme are as follows: start with the heating of 55-58 DEG C/h heating rate, until 600 DEG C or so heat preservation 0.5h, then with 98-100 DEG C/h heating
Rate continues to heat, until 860 DEG C, keeps the temperature and carries out quenching cooling with special hardening liquid after 1.5h, rather than use routine water cooling,
Oil quenchinng is cooling；It is tempered Scheme Choice are as follows: is heated to 580 DEG C with 58-60 DEG C/h heating rate, and requires heat preservation 5 hours
It is air-cooled again afterwards；
(3) 42CrMo crankshaft steel carries out at high-frequency quenching after normalized treatment+modifier treatment, then to its axle journal and radiused surface
Reason, concrete technology is: using the high-frequency discharge of 12KHZ, quickly heating, heating time is limited to 5s-5.5s, immediately sprays
Immersion oil is cooling, and guarantee hardening depth is 1.2-1.5mm, guarantees that its hardness number is 58-60HRC, it is automobile-used to complete diesel oil
42CrMo crankshaft forges Heat-Treatment of Steel.
Automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of a kind of diesel oil of the present invention, in the automobile-used of routine
Crankshaft only needs to increase normalizing heat treatment before Tempering and Quenching, and is distinctly claimed and to keep the temperature when being warming up to 550 DEG C
0.5h；When implementing modifier treatment, the specific rate of heat addition, soaking time etc. are given, process line is clear, specific, it may be assumed that quenches
Fire is warming up to 600 DEG C or so requirements heat preservation 0.5h, continues to heat, until 860 DEG C to keep the temperature 1.5h after cool down again；It is warming up to when tempering
580 DEG C, clearly to keep the temperature 5 hours it is air-cooled again；During modifier treatment, quenching Shi Yaoyong special hardening liquid is quenched
It is cooling, rather than conventional water cooling, oil quenchinng are used, so that it is guaranteed that the crankshaft uses quality requirement；In the song of 42CrMo forged steel
When axle journal and the high-frequency quenching of radiused surface are handled, it is desirable that high-frequency discharge frequency reaches 12KHZ, and quickly heating time control is arrived
5s-5.5s immediately sprays oily cooling, and to guarantee hardening depth as 1.2-1.5mm, hardness guarantees 58-60HRC.
After " three-step approach " heat treatment, the microstructure and property index of the crankshaft not only only reaches national relevant evaluation mark
Standard, and most importantly meet the comprehensive mechanical performance of the type diesel vehicle crankshaft final products, vehicle driving requirement and crankshaft
Life requirements finally solves the problems, such as the crankshaft actual mass.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil, which is characterized in that the technique includes following
Step:
(1) before the modifier treatment needed for automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel, increase a normalizing heat treatment technique, at preheating
Reason, it is air-cooled that normalizing heat treatment technique is selected as 880 DEG C × 1h, and 0.5h is clearly kept the temperature when being warming up to 550 DEG C；Normalizing
Afterwards, material crankshaft collar hardness average value is 280HBW, and the fine pearlite+ferrite refined is quenched place
Reason lays the foundation；
(2) crankshaft after being heat-treated normalizing, then modifier treatment is carried out, modifier treatment includes quenching, high tempering, is specifically quenched
Fiery scheme are as follows: start with the heating of 55-58 DEG C/h heating rate, until 600 DEG C or so heat preservation 0.5h, then with 98-100 DEG C/h heating
Rate continues to heat, until 860 DEG C, keeps the temperature and carries out quenching cooling with special hardening liquid after 1.5h, rather than use routine water cooling,
Oil quenchinng is cooling；It is tempered Scheme Choice are as follows: is heated to 580 DEG C with 58-60 DEG C/h heating rate, and requires heat preservation 5 hours
It is air-cooled again afterwards；Obtaining tissue is tempered sorbite and is evenly distributed, refines, and the hardness average value of axle journal is 303HB, and crankshaft is anti-
Tensile strength mean value 1200Mpa, yield strength mean value 980Mpa, elongation 15%, section shrinkage rate 58%, ballistic work 84J, impact are tough
Property value 80J/cm2, is significantly better than national relevant industries standard；
(3) 42CrMo crankshaft steel carries out at high-frequency quenching after normalized treatment+modifier treatment, then to its axle journal and radiused surface
Reason, concrete technology is: using the high-frequency discharge of 12KHZ, quickly heating, heating time is limited to 5s-5.5s, immediately sprays
Immersion oil is cooling, and guarantee hardening depth is 1.2-1.5mm, obtains its hardness 58-60HRC, completes the automobile-used 42CrMo of diesel oil
Crankshaft forges Heat-Treatment of Steel.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910725569.7A CN110438303A (en) | 2019-08-07 | 2019-08-07 | A kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil |
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| CN201910725569.7A CN110438303A (en) | 2019-08-07 | 2019-08-07 | A kind of automobile-used 42CrMo crankshaft forged steel " three-step approach " heat treatment process of diesel oil |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112226586A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-15 | 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 | Variable-temperature normalizing process method for small-size 42CrMo product |
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| CN106870547A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-20 | 黑龙江省农业机械维修研究所 | The processing method of tractor motive power output shaft and axle |
| CN107828956A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-23 | 九江学院 | A kind of interactive combination Technology for Heating Processing of diesel vehicle 42CrMo crankshaft forging blanks |
| CN109128697A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-01-04 | 贵州新航力装备制造有限公司 | A kind of production technology of crankshaft |
-
2019
- 2019-08-07 CN CN201910725569.7A patent/CN110438303A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN105714075A (en) * | 2016-01-30 | 2016-06-29 | 李令禹 | Split bucket tooth for buckets of excavators and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106870547A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-20 | 黑龙江省农业机械维修研究所 | The processing method of tractor motive power output shaft and axle |
| CN107828956A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-23 | 九江学院 | A kind of interactive combination Technology for Heating Processing of diesel vehicle 42CrMo crankshaft forging blanks |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112226586A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-15 | 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 | Variable-temperature normalizing process method for small-size 42CrMo product |
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