CN112760465A - Heat treatment method for 410 stainless steel - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for 410 stainless steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112760465A CN112760465A CN202011534599.9A CN202011534599A CN112760465A CN 112760465 A CN112760465 A CN 112760465A CN 202011534599 A CN202011534599 A CN 202011534599A CN 112760465 A CN112760465 A CN 112760465A
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- stainless steel
- cooling
- temperature
- heating furnace
- heating
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000002068 genetic Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000529 magnetic ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
A 410 stainless steel heat treatment method, and relates to a 410 stainless steel heat treatment method. Aims to solve the problem that the conventional 410 stainless steel heat treatment process cannot solve the problem of coarse grains. The method comprises the following steps: annealing at 800-900 ℃ and slow cooling; normalizing at 910-950 ℃; loading the normalized forge piece into a heating furnace at the temperature of not higher than 150 ℃, heating to 835-845 ℃ along with the heating furnace, preserving heat for 2-4 h, cooling the furnace to 145-155 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature; and (3) heating the forged piece processed in the third step to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 20-40 min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature with oil, and then tempering at 690 ℃. The method can effectively refine the grain size of the 410 stainless steel forging, the grain size reaches 5 grades, and the mechanical property is improved. The invention is suitable for the heat treatment of 410 stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of 410 stainless steel.
Background
The 410 stainless steel (1Cr13) is a martensitic stainless steel, has good machinability, corrosion resistance and strength, and is widely used in industrial production. The heat treatment specification of the 410 stainless steel is as follows:
(1) annealing, slow cooling at 800-900 ℃ or fast cooling at about 750 ℃; (2) quenching, and carrying out oil cooling at 950-1000 ℃; (3) and tempering and rapidly cooling at 700-750 ℃.
The 410 stainless steel has better hardenability and obvious tissue genetic characteristics, and the method for refining the crystal grains by quenching and tempering cannot thoroughly solve the problem of coarse crystal grains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 410 stainless steel heat treatment method, aiming at solving the problem that the conventional 410 stainless steel heat treatment process cannot solve the problem of coarse grains.
The 410 stainless steel heat treatment method of the invention is carried out according to the following steps in sequence:
firstly, annealing: annealing the 410 stainless steel forging at 800-900 ℃ and slowly cooling;
II, normalizing: normalizing the annealed forge piece at 910-950 ℃;
thirdly, heat preservation: loading the normalized forge piece into a heating furnace at the temperature of not higher than 150 ℃, heating to 835-845 ℃ along with the heating furnace, preserving heat for 2-4 h, cooling the furnace to 145-155 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature;
fourthly, tempering: and (3) heating the forged piece processed in the third step to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 20-40 min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature with oil, and then tempering at 690 ℃.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the 410 stainless steel has strong hardenability and stronger tissue genetic characteristics, and the purpose of grain refinement cannot be achieved if a conventional quenching and tempering heat treatment mode is adopted. The invention adopts forging annealing, normalizing, heat preservation at a higher temperature side of an Ac1-Ac3 temperature range and quenching and tempering treatment to refine grains. Annealing the 410 stainless steel forge piece, normalizing at 910-950 ℃, heating to 835-845 ℃ along with a heating furnace after normalizing, keeping the temperature for 2-4 h, cooling to 140-160 ℃ in the furnace, then air-cooling to normal temperature, wherein the 410 stainless steel does not reach the complete austenitizing temperature A when the temperature is 835-845 ℃, namely Ac3The temperature and the furnace cooling mode are adopted for cooling, so that the strong tissue genetic characteristic of the martensite heat-resistant steel caused by good hardenability is broken, and the support is provided for the subsequent quenching and grain refinement.
The method comprises the steps of firstly normalizing the 410 stainless steel forging to obtain a non-equilibrium structure after the forging is completely austenitized, namely normalizing at a higher temperature, then keeping the temperature at a higher temperature side close to an Ac1-Ac3 temperature range, cooling in a furnace, so that the prior austenite grain boundary of the material becomes thin and even disappears, the internal part of the prior austenite grain still keeps the orientation relation of a martensite structure formed by quenching, but the structure shows the characteristics of a pearlite structure, and then carrying out thermal refining on the material. The quenching temperature of 1010 ℃ is 60 ℃ higher than the highest temperature of 950 ℃ allowed during normalizing, when the material is continuously quenched at higher temperature, the forging still shows the characteristic of non-equilibrium structure transformed austenite in the temperature rising process, a large amount of fine austenite grains are formed at the boundaries of original austenite grain boundary carbide, cementite of pearlite inside the original austenite grains and ferrite, and the original grains are decomposed into a plurality of fine and new austenite grains after rapid quenching due to more nucleation amount and shorter heat preservation time to form a lath martensite structure, thereby achieving the grain refining effect.
The method can effectively refine the grain size of the 410 stainless steel forging, the grain size reaches over 7.5 grade, and the mechanical property is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure drawing (100 μm) of a 410 stainless steel forging obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure chart (20 μm) of a 410 stainless steel forging obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments is included.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the heat treatment method for the 410 stainless steel is performed in the following order:
firstly, annealing: annealing the 410 stainless steel forging at 800-900 ℃ and slowly cooling;
II, normalizing: normalizing the annealed forge piece at 910-950 ℃;
thirdly, heat preservation: loading the normalized forge piece into a heating furnace at the temperature of not higher than 150 ℃, heating to 835-845 ℃ along with the heating furnace, preserving heat for 2-4 h, cooling the furnace to 145-155 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature;
fourthly, tempering: and (3) heating the forged piece processed in the third step to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 20-40 min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature with oil, and then tempering at 690 ℃.
The embodiment can effectively refine the grain size of the 410 stainless steel forging, the grain size reaches 5 grades, and the mechanical property is improved.
The second embodiment is as follows:
the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: in the first step, annealing the 410 stainless steel forging at 840-860 ℃ and slowly cooling.
The third concrete implementation mode:
the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: in the first step, the 410 stainless steel forging is annealed at 850 ℃ and slowly cooled.
The fourth concrete implementation mode:
the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: normalizing the annealed forge piece at 930-940 ℃ in the second step.
The fifth concrete implementation mode:
the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: normalizing the annealed forge piece at 935 ℃ in the second step.
The sixth specific implementation mode:
the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and step three, loading the normalized forge piece into a heating furnace at 100 ℃.
The seventh embodiment:
the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and step three, the normalized forge piece is put into a heating furnace with the temperature not higher than 150 ℃, the temperature is raised to 840 ℃ along with the heating furnace, the temperature is kept for 2.5 to 3.5 hours, the furnace is cooled to 150 ℃, and then the air cooling is carried out to the normal temperature.
The specific implementation mode is eight:
the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and step three, the normalized forge piece is put into a heating furnace with the temperature not higher than 150 ℃, the temperature is raised to 840 ℃ along with the heating furnace, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, the furnace is cooled to 150 ℃, and then the air cooling is carried out to the normal temperature.
The specific implementation method nine:
the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: and step four, heating the forged piece processed in the step three to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 25-35 min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature with oil, and then tempering at 690 ℃.
The detailed implementation mode is ten:
the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: and step four, heating the forged piece processed in the step three to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature by oil, and then tempering the forged piece at 690 ℃.
Example 1:
the heat treatment method of the 410 stainless steel of the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps in sequence:
firstly, annealing: annealing the 410 stainless steel forging at 850 ℃, carrying out annealing and heat preservation for 3 hours according to the size of the workpiece, and slowly cooling;
II, normalizing: normalizing the annealed forge piece at 935 ℃, and normalizing and preserving heat for 3 hours according to the size of the workpiece;
thirdly, heat preservation: loading the normalized forge piece into a heating furnace at 100 ℃, heating to 840 ℃ along with the heating furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, cooling the furnace to 140 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature;
fourthly, tempering: and (3) heating the forged piece processed in the third step to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature with oil, tempering at 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 5 hours according to the size of the workpiece.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure drawing (100 μm) of a 410 stainless steel forging obtained in example 1; FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure chart (20 μm) of a 410 stainless steel forging obtained in example 1. As can be seen from the graphs of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the grain size of the forging is effectively refined and reaches 7.5 grade, so that the mechanical property of the forging is improved. The nonproportional elongation strength Rp0.2 is 399MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 490MPa, and the hardness HV is 197; the elongation after break A was 25.3%.
Claims (10)
1. A410 stainless steel heat treatment method is characterized in that: the 410 stainless steel heat treatment method comprises the following steps in sequence:
firstly, annealing: annealing the 410 stainless steel forging at 800-900 ℃ and slowly cooling;
II, normalizing: normalizing the annealed forge piece at 910-950 ℃;
thirdly, heat preservation: loading the normalized forge piece into a heating furnace at the temperature of not higher than 150 ℃, heating to 835-845 ℃ along with the heating furnace, preserving heat for 2-4 h, cooling the furnace to 145-155 ℃, and then air-cooling to normal temperature;
fourthly, tempering: and (3) heating the forged piece processed in the third step to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 20-40 min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature with oil, and then tempering at 690 ℃.
2. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: in the first step, annealing the 410 stainless steel forging at 840-860 ℃ and slowly cooling.
3. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the 410 stainless steel forging is annealed at 850 ℃ and slowly cooled.
4. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: normalizing the annealed forge piece at 930-940 ℃ in the second step.
5. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: normalizing the annealed forge piece at 935 ℃ in the second step.
6. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: and step three, loading the normalized forge piece into a heating furnace at 100 ℃.
7. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: and step three, the normalized forge piece is put into a heating furnace with the temperature not higher than 150 ℃, the temperature is raised to 840 ℃ along with the heating furnace, the temperature is kept for 2.5 to 3.5 hours, the furnace is cooled to 150 ℃, and then the air cooling is carried out to the normal temperature.
8. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: and step three, the normalized forge piece is put into a heating furnace with the temperature not higher than 150 ℃, the temperature is raised to 840 ℃ along with the heating furnace, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, the furnace is cooled to 150 ℃, and then the air cooling is carried out to the normal temperature.
9. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: and step four, heating the forged piece processed in the step three to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 25-35 min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature with oil, and then tempering at 690 ℃.
10. The method for heat treating 410 stainless steel of claim 1, wherein: and step four, heating the forged piece processed in the step three to 1010 ℃ along with a heating furnace, preserving heat for 30min, cooling the forged piece to room temperature by oil, and then tempering the forged piece at 690 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011534599.9A CN112760465A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Heat treatment method for 410 stainless steel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011534599.9A CN112760465A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Heat treatment method for 410 stainless steel |
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| CN112760465A true CN112760465A (en) | 2021-05-07 |
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| CN202011534599.9A Pending CN112760465A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Heat treatment method for 410 stainless steel |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113953427A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-21 | 江阴市洪峰五金锻造有限公司 | Hot forging forming method for 410 steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020048110A (en) * | 2000-12-16 | 2002-06-22 | 이구택 | Heat treatment method of stainless steel plate |
| CN103215419A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-24 | 太原科技大学 | Thermal treatment method for improving low-temperature impact toughness of martensite stainless steel |
| CN105369022A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-03-02 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Method for carrying out grain refinement on 2Cr12NiMo1W1V forge piece in production process |
| CN106755791A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | The annealing process of martensitic stain less steel 1Cr13 wire rods |
| US20190055632A1 (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-02-21 | U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I | Methods, compositions and structures for advanced design low alloy nitrogen steels |
-
2020
- 2020-12-22 CN CN202011534599.9A patent/CN112760465A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020048110A (en) * | 2000-12-16 | 2002-06-22 | 이구택 | Heat treatment method of stainless steel plate |
| CN103215419A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-24 | 太原科技大学 | Thermal treatment method for improving low-temperature impact toughness of martensite stainless steel |
| CN105369022A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-03-02 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Method for carrying out grain refinement on 2Cr12NiMo1W1V forge piece in production process |
| CN106755791A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | The annealing process of martensitic stain less steel 1Cr13 wire rods |
| US20190055632A1 (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-02-21 | U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I | Methods, compositions and structures for advanced design low alloy nitrogen steels |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113953427A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-21 | 江阴市洪峰五金锻造有限公司 | Hot forging forming method for 410 steel |
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