CN110437484A - 一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110437484A CN110437484A CN201910751053.XA CN201910751053A CN110437484A CN 110437484 A CN110437484 A CN 110437484A CN 201910751053 A CN201910751053 A CN 201910751053A CN 110437484 A CN110437484 A CN 110437484A
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- antistaling agent
- methyl cyclopropene
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000005969 1-Methyl-cyclopropene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclopropene Chemical compound CC1=CC1 SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
- C09D4/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups C09D159/00 - C09D187/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08J2327/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料及其制备方法，包括以下重量份原料：聚偏二氯乙烯30‑40份、聚丁二烯20‑30份、聚碳酸酯15‑20份、有机硅改性环氧树脂5‑10份、氮化硼纤维10‑15份、氧化锌晶须5‑10份、硅藻土20‑25份、硅烷偶联剂1‑2份、增塑剂1‑5份、抗菌保鲜剂4‑6份；所述抗菌保鲜剂包括以下重量份组分：1‑甲基环丙烯包结物5‑10％、重氮基环戊二烯2‑4％、氨氧乙酸13‑15％、水杨酸5‑7％、溶菌酶0.8‑3％、纳米石墨烯0.1‑0.5％、纳米钛白粉0.1‑0.5％、蚕沙10‑15％、松木粉6‑10％、壳聚糖18‑20％、5％乙酸溶液15‑40％。)本发明包装材料兼具抗菌和延缓果蔬成熟，保鲜效果显著，安全高效，能明显延长果蔬贮藏时间和货架期，并能反复循环利用，保鲜方法简单，不受空间、温度等因素限制。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于包装材料领域，具体涉及一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，果蔬保鲜技术是利用物理或化学手段保持果蔬新鲜度和品质、减少水分散失、抑制果蔬生命代谢活动、延长果蔬贮藏时间的理论体系，主要分为临界低温高湿保鲜、细胞间水结构化气调保鲜、臭氧气调保鲜、低剂量辐射预处理保鲜、高压保鲜、基因工程保鲜、细胞膨压调控保鲜、涂膜保鲜、气调保鲜等。以上保鲜技术方法在不同程度上延长果蔬贮藏时间，但均存在不足之处，如临界低温高湿保鲜法和气调保鲜法需要建设较大贮藏库，成本高，能耗大，限制性强，移出贮藏库，将失去保鲜作用；如基因工程保鲜法操作难度高，同时，转基因食物的安全性问题存在争议；如低剂量辐射预处理保鲜主要是γ射线对果蔬进行灭菌，防止微生物腐败，但同时也存在引起果蔬自身成分的改变的风险，如碳链断裂、维生素B和维生素C失活、氨基酸脱氨作用等，反而加速变质。
食品包装材料指直接包装、盛放食品或食品添加剂用的纸、竹、木、金属、搪瓷、陶瓷、塑料、橡胶、天然纤维、化学纤维、玻璃等制品，以便于食品的存贮及流通。因此，利用功能性包装材料对果蔬进行保鲜，灵活性更高、推广性更强，不会受到空间、温度等环境因素局限，能防止果蔬在运输和销售过程中变质，延长货架供应期和贮藏时间。现有技术，仅从抑菌或抑制成熟等单一方向赋予果蔬包装材料保鲜性能，其综合保鲜能力有待提高，如申请号为CN201210364590.7的专利，公开一种可释放1-甲基环丙烯的果蔬保鲜包装材料及制备方法，利用乙烯抑制剂延缓果蔬成熟，但不具有预防果蔬腐败作用；如申请号为CN201210465525.3的专利，公开一种果蔬抗菌保鲜包装材料的制备方法，仅具有抗菌作用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案概述如下：
一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料，包括以下重量份原料：聚偏二氯乙烯30-40份、聚丁二烯20-30份、聚碳酸酯15-20份、有机硅改性环氧树脂5-10份、氮化硼纤维10-15份、氧化锌晶须5-10份、硅藻土20-25份、硅烷偶联剂1-2份、增塑剂1-5的、抗菌保鲜剂4-6份；
所述抗菌保鲜剂包括以下重量份组分：1-甲基环丙烯包结物5-10％、重氮基环戊二烯2-4％、氨氧乙酸13-15％、水杨酸5-7％、溶菌酶0.8-3％、纳米石墨烯0.1-0.5％、纳米钛白粉0.1-0.5％、蚕沙10-15％、松木粉6-10％、壳聚糖18-20％、5％乙酸溶液15-40％。
优选的是，所述硅烷偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560、KH-570、A-151、A-172的一种或几种。
优选的是，所述增塑剂为环氧大豆油、柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、麦芽糖醇中的一种或几种。
优选的是，所述1-甲基环丙烯包结物由羟丙基纤维素和包嵌于其内部的1-甲基环丙烯组成，且1-甲基环丙烯的质量百分比为0.15-0.2％。
一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备抗菌保鲜剂
a.将壳聚糖溶解于5％乙酸溶液中，得壳聚糖溶胶；
b.混合重氮基环戊二烯、氨氧乙酸、水杨酸、溶菌酶，再加入蚕沙、松木粉，搅拌至完全溶胀后，再加入1-甲基环丙烯包结物、纳米石墨烯、纳米钛白粉，混合均匀后，加入壳聚糖溶胶中，充分搅拌，得抗菌保鲜剂；
(2)220-240℃加热聚偏二氯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚碳酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物至熔融状态后，加入氮化硼纤维、氧化锌晶须、硅藻土、硅烷偶联剂、增塑剂，搅拌反应0.5-1h，冷却后，挤压成型，再加热至120-140℃，进行拉伸，冷却至60-80℃时，将抗菌保鲜剂均匀涂覆在成型塑料表面，并迅速挤压使两者相互嵌合，得所述包装材料。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明包装材料兼具抗菌和延缓果蔬成熟，保鲜效果显著，安全高效，能明显延长果蔬贮藏时间和货架期。
(2)本发明包装材料能反复循环利用，保鲜方法简单，仅需将采收后的果蔬与嵌合抗菌保鲜剂的一面直接接触即可，不受空间、温度等因素限制，便于果蔬运输、加工及销售，贮藏成本低、投资小，易于推广和实施。
(3)本发明利用果蔬呼吸作用释放的水分渗透到抗菌保鲜剂表面，首先与包裹在外侧的壳聚糖载体结合，当水汽对壳聚糖载体的作用力高于壳聚糖对内部有效成分的作用力时，就会缓释出乙烯抑制剂和抗菌成分，进而达到抗菌、抑制果蔬成熟、长效保鲜的功能。
(4)本发明以重氮基环戊二烯、氨氧乙酸、水杨酸、1-甲基环丙烯包结物作为乙烯抑制剂，以溶菌酶、松木粉、纳米石墨烯、纳米钛白粉作为杀菌成分，抑制果蔬成熟和衰老，防止果蔬腐败，延长贮藏时间。其中，重氮基环戊二烯、氨氧乙酸、水杨酸作为乙烯生物合成抑制剂，直接阻断果蔬的乙烯合成途径，减少乙烯释放，1-甲基环丙烯包结物为气调型乙烯作用抑制剂，减少乙烯结合位点，降低果蔬对乙烯的敏感程度。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1
一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料，包括以下重量份原料：聚偏二氯乙烯30份、聚丁二烯20份、聚碳酸酯15份、有机硅改性环氧树脂5份、氮化硼纤维10份、氧化锌晶须5份、硅藻土20份、硅烷偶联剂KH-550 1份、环氧大豆油1份、抗菌保鲜剂4份；
所述抗菌保鲜剂包括以下重量份组分：1-甲基环丙烯包结物5％、重氮基环戊二烯2％、氨氧乙酸13％、水杨酸5％、溶菌酶0.8％、纳米石墨烯0.1％、纳米钛白粉0.1％、蚕沙10％、松木粉6％、壳聚糖18％、5％乙酸溶液40％；
所述1-甲基环丙烯包结物由羟丙基纤维素和包嵌于其内部的1-甲基环丙烯组成，且1-甲基环丙烯的质量百分比为0.15％。
一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备抗菌保鲜剂
a.将壳聚糖溶解于5％乙酸溶液中，得壳聚糖溶胶；
b.混合重氮基环戊二烯、氨氧乙酸、水杨酸、溶菌酶，再加入蚕沙、松木粉，搅拌至完全溶胀后，再加入1-甲基环丙烯包结物、纳米石墨烯、纳米钛白粉，混合均匀后，加入壳聚糖溶胶中，充分搅拌，得抗菌保鲜剂；
(2)220℃加热聚偏二氯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚碳酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物至熔融状态后，加入氮化硼纤维、氧化锌晶须、硅藻土、硅烷偶联剂、增塑剂，搅拌反应0.5h，冷却后，挤压成型，再加热至120℃，进行拉伸，冷却至60℃时，将抗菌保鲜剂均匀涂覆在成型塑料表面，并迅速挤压使两者相互嵌合，得所述包装材料。
实施例2
一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料，包括以下重量份原料：聚偏二氯乙烯35份、聚丁二烯25份、聚碳酸酯18份、有机硅改性环氧树脂8份、氮化硼纤维13份、氧化锌晶须8份、硅藻土23份、硅烷偶联剂KH-570 1.5份、柠檬酸三丁酯3份、抗菌保鲜剂5份；
所述抗菌保鲜剂包括以下重量份组分：1-甲基环丙烯包结物7.5％、重氮基环戊二烯3％、氨氧乙酸14％、水杨酸6％、溶菌酶1.9％、纳米石墨烯0.3％、纳米钛白粉0.3％、蚕沙12.5％、松木粉8％、壳聚糖19％、5％乙酸溶液27.5％；
所述1-甲基环丙烯包结物由羟丙基纤维素和包嵌于其内部的1-甲基环丙烯组成，且1-甲基环丙烯的质量百分比为0.18％。
制备方法同实施例1，区别在于：
(2)聚合物熔化温度为230℃，搅拌反应时间为0.75h，拉伸温度为130℃，抗菌保鲜剂涂覆温度为70℃。
实施例3
一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料，包括以下重量份原料：聚偏二氯乙烯40份、聚丁二烯30份、聚碳酸酯20份、有机硅改性环氧树脂10份、氮化硼纤维15份、氧化锌晶须10份、硅藻土25份、硅烷偶联剂A-172 2份、麦芽糖醇5份、抗菌保鲜剂6份；
所述抗菌保鲜剂包括以下重量份组分：1-甲基环丙烯包结物10％、重氮基环戊二烯4％、氨氧乙酸15％、水杨酸7％、溶菌酶3％、纳米石墨烯0.5％、纳米钛白粉0.5％、蚕沙15％、松木粉10％、壳聚糖20％、5％乙酸溶液15％；
所述1-甲基环丙烯包结物由羟丙基纤维素和包嵌于其内部的1-甲基环丙烯组成，且1-甲基环丙烯的质量百分比为0.2％。
制备方法同实施例1，区别在于：
(2)聚合物熔化温度为240℃，搅拌反应时间为1h，拉伸温度为140℃，抗菌保鲜剂涂覆温度为80℃。
对实施例1-3进行性能检测，试验结果如表1所示：
表1：
利用实施例1-3分别封装草莓、猕猴桃、香蕉及西红柿，15d天，测试烂果率和失重率，试验结果如表2所示：
表2：
综上所述，本发明生产的包装材料保鲜效果良好，能有效延缓果蔬成熟，降低失重率和烂果率，提高贮藏品质，延长贮藏时间。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (5)
1.一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份原料：聚偏二氯乙烯30-40份、聚丁二烯20-30份、聚碳酸酯15-20份、有机硅改性环氧树脂5-10份、氮化硼纤维10-15份、氧化锌晶须5-10份、硅藻土20-25份、硅烷偶联剂1-2份、增塑剂1-5份、抗菌保鲜剂4-6份；
所述抗菌保鲜剂包括以下重量份组分：1-甲基环丙烯包结物5-10％、重氮基环戊二烯2-4％、氨氧乙酸13-15％、水杨酸5-7％、溶菌酶0.8-3％、纳米石墨烯0.1-0.5％、纳米钛白粉0.1-0.5％、蚕沙10-15％、松木粉6-10％、壳聚糖18-20％、5％乙酸溶液15-40％。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料，其特征在于，所述硅烷偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560、KH-570、A-151、A-172的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料，其特征在于，所述增塑剂为环氧大豆油、柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、麦芽糖醇中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料，其特征在于，所述1-甲基环丙烯包结物由羟丙基纤维素和包嵌于其内部的1-甲基环丙烯组成，且1-甲基环丙烯的质量百分比为0.15-0.2％。
5.一种果蔬贮藏保鲜用包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备抗菌保鲜剂
a.将壳聚糖溶解于5％乙酸溶液中，得壳聚糖溶胶；
b.混合重氮基环戊二烯、氨氧乙酸、水杨酸、溶菌酶，再加入蚕沙、松木粉，搅拌至完全溶胀后，再加入1-甲基环丙烯包结物、纳米石墨烯、纳米钛白粉，混合均匀后，加入壳聚糖溶胶中，充分搅拌，得抗菌保鲜剂；
(2)220-240℃加热聚偏二氯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚碳酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物至熔融状态后，加入氮化硼纤维、氧化锌晶须、硅藻土、硅烷偶联剂、增塑剂，搅拌反应0.5-1h，冷却后，挤压成型，再加热至120-140℃，进行拉伸，冷却至60-80℃时，将抗菌保鲜剂均匀涂覆在成型塑料表面，并迅速挤压使两者相互嵌合，得所述包装材料。
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