CN110436924B - 一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110436924B
CN110436924B CN201910817342.5A CN201910817342A CN110436924B CN 110436924 B CN110436924 B CN 110436924B CN 201910817342 A CN201910817342 A CN 201910817342A CN 110436924 B CN110436924 B CN 110436924B
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刘占军
张东卿
刘犇
赵红超
张俊鹏
雷世文
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Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料及其制备方法，属于高速列车受电弓滑板用材料及其制备方法技术领域，解决浸金属炭质滑板使用寿命短、配方原料种类繁多、制备工艺复杂的技术问题。解决方案为：原料由焦粉、酚醛树脂、沥青和铜构成；制备过程包括颗粒包覆、沥青混合、模压成型、焙烧和浸金属五个工艺段。具有原料构成简单，制备工艺简化、导电性高、抗冲击性好、使用寿命长等特点，可完全满足高速列车受电弓用滑板材料的要求。

Description

一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高速列车受电弓滑板用材料及其制备方法技术领域，具体涉及的是一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
受电弓炭滑板是高铁动车组从高压电网获取能源的最关键部件，需要在高速滑动过程中完成电能的传输，工作环境十分恶劣。 首先，传输功率高，高达10000KW；其次，速度高，在最高时速400公里的高速滑动中，机械磨损十分严重；再者，悬挂部位的会造成高速硬点冲击；同时，高速运行时，炭滑板会发生周期性的上限波动，导致高能量的电弧烧蚀；还有户外的各种雨雪天气造成的腐蚀。所以，在机械磨损、硬点冲击、电弧烧蚀和化学腐蚀的共同作用下，炭滑板的磨损特别严重。随着，高速列车的不断提速，对炭滑板的性能要求也越来越高。
浸金属炭滑板，综合了金属滑板的高导电性和纯碳滑板的高润滑性的优点，是最适合高铁受电弓用的滑板材料之一。据报道，国外的高铁用炭滑板的产品使用寿命都在十几万公里以上，而国内技术中的炭滑板使用寿命都比较短，不超过十万公里，而且配方原料种类繁多，制备工艺复杂。如专利一种受电弓炭滑板的制备方法（CN108484195A），其原料就包含石油焦粉、沥青焦粉、硫磺、焦炭分、炭纤维、硅粉、铜粉等至少七种组分，制备工艺也复杂，而且最终产品的磨耗也很高，3.8mm/万公里，折合使用寿命4.5万公里。
专利一种浸金属炭滑板制备工艺（CN108358638A），制备工艺包括混粉、沥青粘结、辊压、模压、焙烧、浸金属、机加工等七个工艺段，工艺比较复杂。专利207607361一种浸金属炭滑板，原料种类也比较繁多，包括焦炭分、石墨粉、炭黑、沥青、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、铜等七种组分。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，解决浸金属炭质滑板使用寿命短、配方原料种类繁多、制备工艺复杂的技术问题，本发明提供一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料及其制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现。
一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料，其特征在于：所述浸铜炭滑板材料的原料组成为：焦粉、酚醛树脂、沥青和铜。
进一步地，所述焦粉为石油焦或者沥青焦，焦粉的粒径为20~200目。
进一步地，所述酚醛树脂为热固性酚醛树脂或热塑性酚醛树脂。
进一步地，所述沥青为煤沥青或石油沥青。
进一步地，所述铜为紫铜颗粒或紫铜粉，其中铜的含量大于99.9%。
一种高速列车受电弓用浸金属炭滑板材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、颗粒包覆：首先，将焦粉和酚醛树脂按质量比1:0.1~1:0.8称取原料，将称取的原料在混料机中混合均匀，混合时间为0.5-2.0小时；然后，将混合均匀的原料加热固化，固化温度为100-250℃，固化时间为0.5-5.0小时；最后，从混料机中取出固化的原料冷却后进行破碎，破碎颗粒尺寸大于焦粉原料的颗粒尺寸；
S2、沥青混合：将步骤S1焦粉包覆酚醛树脂后的颗粒与沥青按质量比1:0.2~1:0.35加入混捏机中，在混捏机中混合，混合温度为120-200℃，混合时间为0.5-2小时；
S3、模压成型：将步骤S2混合后的原料放入模具中加压成型，成型压力为100-250MPa；
S4、焙烧：将步骤S3压制好的压坯放入焙烧炉中焙烧，焙烧温度为800-1500℃；
S5、浸金属：将步骤S4焙烧好的碳制品放入浸渍设备中进行浸铜，浸渍温度为1300-1800℃，压力为10-50MPa，时间为0.5-2小时，制得受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明制备的浸铜炭滑板材料与现有技术相比具有导电性高、抗冲击性好、使用寿命长等特点，可完全满足高速列车受电弓用滑板材料的要求；同时原料构成简单，制备工艺简化，具有效率高和成本低等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
S1、颗粒包覆：首先，将粒径为80目的石油焦粉和热固性酚醛树脂按质量比1:0.5称取原料，将称取的原料在混料机中混合均匀，混合时间为1.0小时；然后，将混合均匀的原料加热固化，固化温度为100℃，固化时间为0.5小时；最后，从混料机中取出固化的原料冷却后进行破碎，破碎颗粒粒径为60目；
S2、沥青混合：将步骤S1焦粉包覆酚醛树脂后的颗粒与煤沥青按质量比1:0.25加入混捏机中，在混捏机中混合，混合温度为150℃，混合时间为1.5小时；
S3、模压成型：将步骤S2混合后的原料放入模具中加压成型，成型压力为100MPa；
S4、焙烧：将步骤S3压制好的压坯放入焙烧炉中焙烧，焙烧温度为1200℃；
S5、浸金属：将步骤S4焙烧好的碳制品放入浸渍设备中进行浸铜，浸渍温度为1300℃，压力为50MPa，时间为1小时，制得受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料，其密度为2.4 g/cm3，抗弯强度为60 MPa，电阻率为5.0μΩ.m，磨损率为1.3mm/万公里。
实施例2
S1、颗粒包覆：首先，将粒径为200目的沥青焦粉和热固性酚醛树脂按质量比1:0.8称取原料，将称取的原料在混料机中混合均匀，混合时间为2.0小时；然后，将混合均匀的原料加热固化，固化温度为250℃，固化时间为0.5小时；最后，从混料机中取出固化的原料冷却后进行破碎，破碎颗粒粒径为180目；
S2、沥青混合：将步骤S1焦粉包覆酚醛树脂后的颗粒与煤沥青按质量比1:0.35加入混捏机中，在混捏机中混合，混合温度为120℃，混合时间为2小时；
S3、模压成型：将步骤S2混合后的原料放入模具中加压成型，成型压力为250MPa；
S4、焙烧：将步骤S3压制好的压坯放入焙烧炉中焙烧，焙烧温度为1500℃；
S5、浸金属：将步骤S4焙烧好的碳制品放入浸渍设备中进行浸铜，浸渍温度为1500℃，压力为30MPa，时间为2小时，制得受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料，其密度为2.3 g/cm3，抗弯强度为55MPa，电阻率为7.0μΩ.m，磨损率为1.0mm/万公里。
实施例3
S1、颗粒包覆：首先，将粒径为20目的石油焦粉和热塑性酚醛树脂按质量比1:0.1称取原料，将称取的原料在混料机中混合均匀，混合时间为0.5小时；然后，将混合均匀的原料加热固化，固化温度为180℃，固化时间为2小时；最后，从混料机中取出固化的原料冷却后进行破碎，破碎颗粒粒径为10目；
S2、沥青混合：将步骤S1焦粉包覆酚醛树脂后的颗粒与煤沥青按质量比1:0.20加入混捏机中，在混捏机中混合，混合温度为200℃，混合时间为0.5小时；
S3、模压成型：将步骤S2混合后的原料放入模具中加压成型，成型压力为200MPa；
S4、焙烧：将步骤S3压制好的压坯放入焙烧炉中焙烧，焙烧温度为800℃；
S5、浸金属：将步骤S4焙烧好的碳制品放入浸渍设备中进行浸铜，浸渍温度为1800℃，压力为10MPa，时间为0.5小时，制得受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料，其密度为2.6 g/cm3，抗弯强度为75MPa，电阻率为4.0μΩ.m，磨损率为1.8mm/万公里。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而并不用于限制本发明，在实施例技术方案中对单个或者多个技术参数进行同等替换形成新的技术方案，同样都在本发明要求保护的范围内；对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以进行各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述浸铜炭滑板材料的原料组成为：焦粉、酚醛树脂、沥青和铜，所述铜为紫铜颗粒或紫铜粉，其中铜的含量大于99.9%；
浸铜炭滑板材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、颗粒包覆：首先，将焦粉和酚醛树脂按质量比1:0.1~1:0.8称取原料，将称取的原料在混料机中混合均匀，混合时间为0.5-2.0小时；然后，将混合均匀的原料加热固化，固化温度为100-250℃，固化时间为0.5-5.0小时；最后，从混料机中取出固化的原料冷却后进行破碎，破碎颗粒尺寸大于焦粉原料的颗粒尺寸；
S2、沥青混合：将步骤S1焦粉包覆酚醛树脂后的颗粒与沥青按质量比1:0.2~1:0.35加入混捏机中，在混捏机中混合，混合温度为120-200℃，混合时间为0.5-2小时；
S3、模压成型：将步骤S2混合后的原料放入模具中加压成型，成型压力为100-250MPa；
S4、焙烧：将步骤S3压制好的压坯放入焙烧炉中焙烧，焙烧温度为800-1500℃；
S5、浸金属：将步骤S4焙烧好的碳制品放入浸渍设备中进行浸铜，浸渍温度为1300-1800℃，压力为10-50MPa，时间为0.5-2小时，制得受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述焦粉为石油焦或者沥青焦，焦粉的粒径为20~200目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述酚醛树脂为热固性酚醛树脂或热塑性酚醛树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高速列车受电弓用浸铜炭滑板材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述沥青为煤沥青或石油沥青。
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