CN110436902A - RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110436902A
CN110436902A CN201910689672.0A CN201910689672A CN110436902A CN 110436902 A CN110436902 A CN 110436902A CN 201910689672 A CN201910689672 A CN 201910689672A CN 110436902 A CN110436902 A CN 110436902A
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brown alundum
solid solution
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李勇
马晨红
李宏宇
薛文东
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种RH精炼炉用SiC‑AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料及其制备方法，属于耐火材料领域。按质量百分比计，该复合材料的原料组成为60‑88％的棕刚玉、1‑20％的活性氧化铝、1‑15％的铝粉、1‑15％的硅粉、0‑10％％的炭粉，外加2‑7％的酚醛树脂为结合剂。生产时按配比将原料混合均匀，经混炼得到泥料，压制成型，在120℃‑400℃下干燥5‑30h，最后于1200‑1800℃氮气气氛下烧成。该产品利用Al、Si、C及N2之间的反应在棕刚玉基体中原位合成SiC‑AlN固溶体增强相，具有优良的性能：显气孔率3‑12％、体积密度2.95‑3.40g/cm3、常温耐压强度90‑300MPa，高温抗折强度8‑60MPa。本发明产品烧成时无需超高温和高压，原料价格低廉，大大降低了生产成本。本发明产品综合了金属、非氧化物和氧化物的优点，具有良好的抗热震性、抗侵蚀性及高温稳定性。

Description

RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制备一种RH精炼用耐火材料，尤其涉及一种RH精炼用的SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料及其制备方法，属于耐火材料领域。
背景技术
近几年来，随着冶金工业的迅速发展，对钢材质量的要求越来越高，而且洁净钢的需求量不断增加，促进了RH多功能精炼技术的迅速发展。
在RH精炼炉中，内衬经受着高强度的钢液冲刷、渣侵蚀以及巨大的温差变化，因此对耐火材料抗渣性、热震性的性能都有较高的要求。通常使用的镁铬砖在热震稳定性和抗渣性等方面表现都比较出色，是现在我国大多数钢厂炉外精炼设备中广泛使用的内衬材料。但是，含Cr2O3的耐火材料在氧化性气氛或大量碱性氧化物如K2O、Na2O、CaO等存在时，在一定温度下其三价铬(Cr3+)会转变为六价铬(Cr6+)，六价铬是一种对人类健康及自然环境均有严重危害的物质。因此研发出一种不含铬元素的RH精炼炉用耐火材料取代镁铬砖刻不容缓。
金属-非氧化物-氧化物复合耐火材料综合了金属、非氧化物以及氧化物的各项优良特征，如具有优良的高温强度、抗热震、抗渣和铁侵蚀及抗氧化等性能，是新一代的优质高效耐火材料的核心。金属铝和硅是常用的耐火原料，将其作为原料加入刚性的无机氧化物中，可起塑性相及过渡塑性相作用：常温压制时由于金属具有良好的韧性可实现塑性成型；在高温烧成或使用过程中，过渡塑性相的金属与环境气氛及材料发生反应，可原位生成非氧化物增强相，提高材料的高温强度和抗热震性、抗侵蚀性。刚玉是常用的氧化物耐火材料，其中板状刚玉和白刚玉是以优质氧化铝粉为主要原料，而棕刚玉是以铝矾土为主要原料，相比之下棕刚玉的成本较低。
为了满足RH精炼用耐火材料无铬化的发展要求，本发明以金属-非氧化物-氧化物复合理论为基础，以棕刚玉为氧化物基体，将金属铝和硅以细粉形式加入，设计升温机制并在氮气气氛下烧成。利用高温下金属Al、Si、C与N2之间的反应原位合成具有良好抗侵蚀性的SiC-AlN固溶体增强相，使得耐火材料基质中同时存在非氧化物增强相和塑性相，制备出一种低成本的优良无铬化耐火材料。
发明内容
本发明旨在制备出一种RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉复合耐火材料，其生产工序简单，原料价格低廉，大大降低了生产成本。同时产品具有强度高、热震稳定性好、抗侵蚀性好、寿命长等特点，满足了RH精炼用耐火材料无铬化的需要。
本发明的技术方案：
一种RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料，其特征在于：按重量百分比计，所述耐火材料原料组成为60-88％的棕刚玉、1-20％的活性氧化铝、1-15％的铝粉、1-15％的硅粉、0-10％％的炭粉，外加上述原料总量2-7％的酚醛树脂为结合剂。
所述的RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉复合耐火材料，其特征在于：所述棕刚玉有3-1mm、1-0.1mm及0.1-0mm三种粒度，所述活性氧化铝粒度为0-0.1mm，所述铝粉粒度为0-0.1mm，所述硅粉粒度为0-0.1mm；棕刚玉原料中三种不同粒度的比例为：
3≤粒度＜1mm 45-65％
1≤粒度＜0.1mm 18-30％
0.1≤粒度＜0mm 17-40％
所述RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉复合耐火材料的制备方法，其特征在于：按配比称取各种原料，混合均匀，经混炼得到泥料，然后加压成型，在120℃-400℃下干燥5-30h，于1200-1800℃氮气气氛下烧成。
本发明的积极效果：
1、本发明利用过渡塑性相工艺制备了AlN-SiC固溶体结合棕刚玉复合耐火材料。其生产工序简单，原料价格低廉，大大降低了生产成本。
2、本发明产品充分利用高温冶金行业的富余氮气，以及廉价的棕刚玉为原料，实现了资源的综合利用。
3、本发明所得产品为金属、非氧化物和氧化物复合的无铬耐火材料，其中游离态的硅可降低材料的气孔率并发挥塑性相作用，提高材料的韧性和抗热震性能；SiC-AlN固溶体非氧化物作为增强相，改善材料的高温强度，提高抗氧化性及抗侵蚀性。
4、本发明产品不含易与钢液发生反应的化学成分，不会对洁净钢产生碳、氧等污染；试样内部不存在单一的AlN或Al4C3相，使得材料具有良好的抗水化性能，可满足工业化生产及应用。
5、本发明产品具有优良的物理性能指标。显气孔率3-12％、体积密度2.95-3.33g/cm3、常温耐压强度90-300MPa、高温抗折强度8-60Mpa。
6、本发明的耐火材料能满足钢铁行业RH精炼的需求，适应了RH精炼用耐火材料无铬化的发展要求，并且生产成本大大降低，市场潜力大，适宜于推广应用，将具有良好的经济和社会效益。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一种RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料，按重量百分比计，原料组成为：83％的棕刚玉、8％的活性氧化铝、4％的铝粉、4％的硅粉、1％的炭粉，外加上述原料总量4％的酚醛树脂为结合剂。
生产时，按配比称取各种原料，混合均匀，经混炼得到泥料，然后经压制成型，在120℃-400℃下干燥5-30h，于1200-1800℃氮气气氛下烧成。
所述棕刚玉有3-1mm、1-0.1mm及0.1-0mm三种粒度，所述活性氧化铝粒度为0-0.1mm，所述铝粉粒度为0-0.1mm，所述硅粉粒度为0-0.1mm。
所得产品的性能指标为：显气孔率4.0％，体积密度3.30g/cm3，常温耐压强度240MPa，高温抗折强度21MPa，其抗热震性、抗侵蚀性、抗氧化性及抗水化性均较好。
实施例2：生产工艺和实施例1相同，不同之处在于：
按重量百分比计，原料组成为：79％的棕刚玉、8％的活性氧化铝、6％的铝粉、6％的硅粉、1％的炭粉，外加上述原料总量4％的酚醛树脂为结合剂。所得产品的性能指标为：显气孔率5.7％，体积密度3.16g/cm3，常温耐压强度268MPa，高温抗折强度32MPa，其抗热震性、抗侵蚀性、抗氧化性及抗水化性均较好。
实施例3：生产工艺和实施例1相同，不同之处在于：：
按重量百分比计，原料组成为：75％的棕刚玉、8％的活性氧化铝、8％的铝粉、8％的硅粉、1％的炭粉，外加上述原料总量4％的酚醛树脂为结合剂。所得产品的性能指标为：显气孔率5.2％，体积密度3.13g/cm3，常温耐压强度242MPa，高温抗折强度30MPa，其抗热震性、抗侵蚀性、抗氧化性及抗水化性均较好。
实施例4：所用原料和实施例1相同，不同之处在于：
按重量百分比计，原料组成为：79％的棕刚玉、8％的活性氧化铝、8％的铝粉、4％的硅粉、1％的炭粉，外加上述原料总量4％的酚醛树脂为结合剂。所得产品的性能指标为：显气孔率4.7％，体积密度3.11g/cm3，常温耐压强度198MPa，高温抗折强度23MPa，其抗热震性、抗侵蚀性、抗氧化性及抗水化性均较好。

Claims (3)

1.一种RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料，其特征在于：按重量百分比计，所述耐火材料原料组成为60-88％的棕刚玉、0-20％的活性氧化铝、1-15％的铝粉、1-15％的硅粉、0-10％％的炭粉，外加上述原料总量2-7％的酚醛树脂为结合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料，其特征在于：所述棕刚玉有3-1mm、1-0.1mm及0.1-0mm三种粒度，所述活性氧化铝粒度为0-0.1mm，所述铝粉粒度为0-0.1mm，所述硅粉粒度为0-0.1mm；棕刚玉原料中三种不同粒度的比例为：
3≤粒度＜1mm 45-65％
1≤粒度＜0.1mm 18-30％
0.1≤粒度＜0mm 17-40％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的RH精炼炉用SiC-AlN固溶体结合棕刚玉耐火材料的制备方法，其特征在于：按配比称取各种原料，混合均匀，经混炼得到泥料，然后加压成型，在120℃-400℃下干燥5-30h，于1200-1800℃氮气气氛下烧成。
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Application publication date: 20191112