CN109592969B - 一种低铬电熔半再结合复合尖晶石砖 - Google Patents

一种低铬电熔半再结合复合尖晶石砖 Download PDF

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CN109592969B
CN109592969B CN201811559563.9A CN201811559563A CN109592969B CN 109592969 B CN109592969 B CN 109592969B CN 201811559563 A CN201811559563 A CN 201811559563A CN 109592969 B CN109592969 B CN 109592969B
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周严敦
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Abstract

一种应用于有色和玻璃行业,低氧化铬含量的电熔半再结合复合尖晶石耐火砖。一方面,用电熔镁铝尖晶石砂大幅替代了电熔镁铬砂,特别是粒度较大的电熔镁铬砂,在大幅降低氧化铬含量的同时,避免了对抗侵蚀性的不利影响。另一方面,尽可能使用了破碎产生的各个粒度的电熔镁铬砂或镁铝尖晶石砂,便于进行生产管理,在不影响生产,不影响产品性能,不影响使用寿命的同时,取得了降低氧化铬含量,减少六价铬污染的效果。

Description

一种低铬电熔半再结合复合尖晶石砖
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料领域,主要涉及一种电熔半再结合镁铬-镁铝复合尖晶石砖。
背景技术
电熔半再结合镁铬砖是以电熔镁铬砂、铬铁矿配制的,经过高温烧成制成的耐火材料制品。制砖时,镁砂与铬铁矿发生二次尖晶石化反应,形成原位镁铬尖晶石。因此,电熔半再结合镁铬砖是一种介于直接结合镁铬砖和电熔再结合镁铬砖之间的耐火材料。
使用中,电熔半再结合镁铬砖中的MgO虽对炉渣中碱性物质如CuO有很好的抗侵蚀性,但会熔解于FeO-SiO2系炉渣。但是,镁铬砖中的Cr2O3会与渣中的FeO形成高熔点的FeO•Cr2O3,减缓侵蚀。因此,镁铬砖因优异的抗侵蚀性能及热震稳定性,是有色工业窑炉不可替代的材料。
但是,电熔半再结合镁铬砖含Cr2O3在12-20%之间。在使用中,砖中Cr2O3转化为CrO3,形成水溶性的六价铬。六价铬的不当处置可能污染水源,引起胃溃疡、呼吸道疾病、皮肤癌等。
近二十年来,很多人开发无铬的碱性耐火材料以代替镁铬砖,但都没有成功。其一,这种材料价格很高,不为企业接受;其二,这种材料的抗侵蚀性不够,其使用寿命低于允许值。
一方面,含铬耐火材料是不可替代的;另一方面,含铬耐火材料又污染环境。所以,需要开发一种有利于环保的耐火材料:1)它的氧化铬含量较低,用后产生的六价铬较少,对环境的污染轻;2)它的理化性能较好,降低氧化铬含量后仍然可以获得所要求的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明针对于现在有色冶炼和玻璃窑蓄热室中铬污染问题,提供一种电熔半再结合镁铬-镁铝复合尖晶石砖及其制备方法。该耐火砖用镁铝尖晶石代替部分镁铬尖晶石,使耐火材料的铬含量降至现有的电熔半再结合镁铬砖的一半(6-10%),能有效缓解水溶性六价铬对环境的污染问题。同时该产品拥有良好的抗侵蚀性能和热震稳定性,能够获得所要求的使用寿命。
通过该技术生产的电熔半再结合镁铬-镁铝复合尖晶石砖具有以下特征:1.在烧结过程中,镁铝尖晶石因其具有较低的热膨胀率,会类似于镁铬尖晶石,产生微裂纹或残余应力,因而提高抗热震性。2.仍旧加入一部分电熔镁铬砂和铬精矿粉;在高温下,这些原料中的氧化铬会扩散进入周边的镁砂,形成方镁石固溶体;冷却时,从过饱和方镁石固溶体中析出二次镁铬尖晶石,增加液相对方镁石的润湿角,使低熔相成孤岛状,保证了材料的耐高温、抗侵蚀性。
使用中,炉渣侵入砖体后,砖中的Cr2O3仍会与渣中的FeO反应,形成高熔点的FeO•Cr2O3,减缓了侵蚀。因此,在大幅降低Cr2O3含量后,耐火材料仍然具有可满足要求的抗侵蚀性。
本发明的氧化铬含量较低的镁铝铬耐火材料配方,按照重量百分比计:5-3mm的高纯镁砂5%-18%、3-1mm的高纯镁砂5%-15%、3-1mm的电熔镁铝尖晶石8%-25%、1-0.088mm的电熔镁铝尖晶石5%-15%、1-0.088mm的电熔镁铬砂5%-20%、1-0.088mm的铬精矿8%-18%、<0.088mm的高纯镁砂25%-38%;再额外添加重量百分比为3%-5%的亚硫酸纸浆废液作为结合剂。
电熔半再结合镁铬-镁铝复合尖晶石砖的制备方法,包括下述步骤:按设计配比称量所述原料,加入搅拌机中混合2-3分钟,接着加入结合剂继续混合5-8分钟;将混合后的物料压制成砖坯,干燥后经1750-1780℃×6-8h烧成制得所述耐火材料。
实施案例1:
采用Cr2O3含量为20%的电熔镁铬砂和Cr2O3含量为46%的铬精矿为原料,采用下述配比可以制得为Cr2O3理论含量6.2%的低铬半再结合镁铬砖:5-3mm高纯镁砂15%、3-1mm高纯镁砂10%、3-1mm电熔镁铝尖晶石17%、1-0.088mm电熔镁铝尖晶石8%、1-0.088mm电熔镁铬砂8%、1-0.088mm铬精矿10%、<0.088mm高纯镁砂32%;外加3.5%的纸浆废液,按比例称取后,经过配料、混炼、成型、干燥,再经1750℃×8h烧制,经检测所得耐火制品的性能为耐压强度77.5MPa、体密3.26g/cm3、显气孔率14.0%、荷软T0.6 1700℃、热震稳定性1100℃水冷 7次;制得具有耐高温、结构致密、直接结合率高、具有复合尖晶石结构的耐火材料。
实施案例2:
采用Cr2O3含量为20%的电熔镁铬砂和Cr2O3含量为46%的铬精矿为原料,采用下述配比可以制得为Cr2O3理论含量7.5%的低铬半再结合镁铬砖:5-3mm高纯镁砂12%、3-1mm 高纯镁砂6%、3-1mm电熔镁铝尖晶石20%、1-0.088mm电熔镁铝尖晶石5%、1-0.088mm电熔镁铬砂10%、1-0.088mm铬精矿12%、<0.088mm烧结镁砂35%、外加4.0%的纸浆废液,按比例称取后,经过配料、混炼、成型、干燥,再经1750℃×8h烧制,制得耐火制品的性能为:耐压强度89.5MPa、体积密度3.29g/cm3、显气孔率13.6%、荷软T0.6 1700℃、热震稳定性1100℃水冷4次。可见,所得材料具有良好高温力学性能。
实施案例3:
采用Cr2O3含量为20%的电熔镁铬砂和Cr2O3含量为46%的铬精矿为原料,采用下述配比可以制得为Cr2O3理论含量8.9%的低铬半再结合镁铬砖:5-3mm高纯镁砂10%、3-1mm高纯镁砂15%、3-1mm电熔镁铝尖晶石15%、1-0.088mm电熔镁铝尖晶石5%、1-0.088mm电熔镁铬砂10%、1-0.088mm铬精矿15%、<0.088mm烧结镁砂30%;外加5.0%的纸浆废液,按比例称取后,经过配料、混炼、成型、干燥,再经1750℃×8h烧制,制得耐火制品常温耐压强度83.2MPa,体积密度3.27g/cm3,显气孔率为14.6%,荷重软化温度T0.6=1700℃,热震稳定性1100℃水冷5次,制得了具有良好高温力学性能的耐火材料。

Claims (2)

1.一种低铬电熔半再结合复合尖晶石砖,其特征在于,按照重量百分比,原料配比如下:
5-3mm的高纯镁砂 5%-18%;
3-1mm的高纯镁砂 5%-15%;
3-1mm的电熔镁铝尖晶石 8%-25%;
1-0.088mm的电熔镁铝尖晶石 5%-15%;
1-0.088mm的电熔镁铬砂 5%-20%;
1-0.088mm的铬精矿 8%-18%;
<0.088mm的高纯镁砂 25%-38%;
再额外添加重量百分比为3%-5%的亚硫酸纸浆废液作为结合剂。
2.权利要求1所述的复合尖晶石砖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述权利要求1所述的原料配比称量所述原料,加入搅拌机中混合2-3分钟,接着加入结合剂继续混合5-8分钟;将混合后的物料压制成砖坯,干燥后经1750-1780℃×6-8h烧成制得所述耐火材料。
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