CN110436819B - Additive manufacturing method of anti-impact protection component - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method of anti-impact protection component Download PDFInfo
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- CN110436819B CN110436819B CN201910679785.2A CN201910679785A CN110436819B CN 110436819 B CN110436819 B CN 110436819B CN 201910679785 A CN201910679785 A CN 201910679785A CN 110436819 B CN110436819 B CN 110436819B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
A method of additive manufacturing of an impact resistant protective member, the method comprising the steps of: s1: preparing zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder; s2: preparing a PBO fiber composite material; s3: designing a special ceramic component digital model, and designing the data of the manufacturing track of the POB fiber composite material component through fused deposition according to the digital model; s4: introducing the digital model of the special ceramic component designed in the step into SLS equipment, and using zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder to perform additive manufacturing on the special ceramic component layer by layer; s5: guiding the fused deposition manufacturing track data of the PBO fiber composite material member designed in the step S3 into FDM equipment, and bonding the PBO fiber composite material on the special ceramic member obtained in the step to prepare a protective member; s6: and (4) further protecting the protective component to obtain the formed impact-resistant protective component. The manufacturing method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple flow, short production period and high production efficiency; and the prepared protective component has small density and good impact resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite structure manufacturing and additive manufacturing, in particular to an additive manufacturing method of an impact-resistant protection component.
Background
A protection recorder is an essential device used by an aircraft to record its trip data and detect operating conditions. When and after an accident such as crash, collision and the like of an aircraft occurs, it is necessary to ensure that the recording chip inside the aircraft is intact and can effectively download data, which requires that the protective structure of the protective recorder has impact resistance.
The traditional protective recorder protective structure is formed by machining and manufacturing alloy steel materials, powerful impact caused by impact of a high-speed aircraft cannot be resisted, the protective recorder protective structure is inevitably damaged, an internal recording chip is damaged, and the alloy steel density is high, so that the weight of a structural part is heavy, and the requirement of weight reduction of the aircraft cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method of an impact-resistant protection member.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the additive manufacturing technology is a three-dimensional entity rapid free forming manufacturing technology, integrates a plurality of technologies such as graphic processing, digital information and control, electromechanical technology, material technology and the like of a computer, adopts a method of material layer by layer accumulation to manufacture entity parts, and is a manufacturing method from bottom to top. The additive manufacturing technology mainly comprises the following steps: selective laser sintering and fused deposition.
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) uses a Laser machine as an energy source, a layer of powder of ceramic, metal or a compound thereof is uniformly spread on a workbench, the powder at a corresponding position is reduced into a solid sheet layer with a certain thickness by controlling Laser beam scanning, the workbench is controlled to lift, a powder spreading roller spreads the powder again, a new layer of powder is started to scan, and the steps are repeated to finally obtain a solid part. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a method in which a hot-melt material is heated to a semifluid property, the material in a semifluid state is extruded through a nozzle, a thin layer with a contour shape is formed by solidification, a workbench is controlled to lift by one layer thickness, and solid parts are formed after being stacked layer by layer.
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO)2) Is a main oxide of zirconium, is usually a white odorless crystal, is chemically inert, and has a density of 5.85g/cm3Has a high melting point (the melting point is 2680 ℃), is an important high-temperature resistant material, and has thermal conductivity close to or even lower than that of static air (0.026W/m.K) at 200 ℃. The special ceramic material prepared by taking ZrO2 as a main material has more excellent heat insulation performance, and also has the elastic modulus, the mechanical impact resistance and the tensile strength which are much larger than those of metal.
The Poly-p-Phenylene Benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber has excellent mechanical property and high temperature resistance, the specific strength and specific modulus are the best of various fibers, and the density of the PBO fiber is 1.54-1.56g/cm3Tensile strength of 3.4GPa to 5.8GPa, tensile modulus of 180GPa to 280GPa, elongation at break2.5-3.5%, which is much higher than the common high-strength glass fiber and Levlar fiber. The protective material formed by the filament PBO fiber composite material has the advantages that the maximum impact load and the energy absorption are higher than those of aramid fiber and carbon fiber, has good bulletproof impact performance, and can be used for structural members of aerospace, ballistic missiles and the like.
Based on the principle, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of additive manufacturing of an impact resistant protective member, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: uniformly mixing zirconium dioxide powder, a lubricant, an organic polymer binder and an organic alcohol plasticizer to prepare zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder;
s2: uniformly mixing filament poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fibers and thermoplastic phenolic resin to prepare a PBO fiber composite material;
s3: designing a special ceramic component digital model by using CAD software, and designing the manufacturing track data of the POB fiber composite material component fused deposition according to the digital model;
s4: guiding the special ceramic component digital model designed in the step into SLS equipment, and using zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder to increase materials layer by layer to manufacture the special ceramic component;
s5: guiding the fused deposition manufacturing track data of the PBO fiber composite material member designed in the step S3 into FDM equipment, and bonding the PBO fiber composite material on the special ceramic member obtained in the step to prepare a protective member;
s6: and further maintaining the shape of the protective component to obtain the formed impact-resistant protective component.
The SLS equipment is selective laser sintering equipment, and the FDM equipment is fused deposition manufacturing equipment.
Preferably, the zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder comprises the following components in parts by weight:
70-80 parts of zirconium dioxide powder;
8-10 parts of a lubricant;
1-2 parts of organic polymer adhesive;
1-2 parts of an organic alcohol plasticizer;
wherein the particle diameter of the zirconium dioxide powder is 50-80 nm.
Preferably, the PBO fiber composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
55-60 parts of PBO fiber;
30-35 parts of thermoplastic phenolic resin.
Preferably, the SLS device in step S4 includes a laser head, a workbench, and a powder spreading system;
the powder paving system paves special ceramic powder with the thickness of 45-60 mu m on the worktable every time, the sintered laser power is 500-1500W, the laser spot diameter is 50-75 mu m, and the laser sintering is carried out layer by layer in the X, Y, Z direction at the speed of 0.2-0.5 m/s.
Preferably, the FDM apparatus in step S5 includes a universal nozzle, a universal table, a temperature control system, a pressure system, a vacuum system, and a molding chamber.
Preferably, the temperature of the outlet of the universal nozzle of the FDM equipment in the step S5 is 150-155 ℃, and the spraying speed of the PBO fiber composite material is controlled to be 0.8-1.1m3And h, the thickness of each layer of the fiber composite material is 0.5-1 mm.
Preferably, after the manufacturing track of the PBO fiber composite material member is guided into the FDM equipment, the universal nozzle and the universal workbench automatically adjust the motion on the X, Y, Z axis along with the track, the length-diameter ratio of the opening of the universal nozzle is automatically adjusted according to the manufacturing track in a range of 1.5:1-5:1, and the total thickness of the obtained protective member is 4-5 mm.
Preferably, the shape maintaining in the step S6 is to vacuumize the molding bin, control the molding bin to be heated to 150 ℃ by the temperature control system, and control the heat preservation time to be 2-3 h; and taking out the formed impact-resistant protective component for use after the forming bin recovers to normal pressure and is cooled to room temperature.
Has the advantages that:
1. the protective component manufactured by the manufacturing method provided by the invention is a component in a composite structure form, and is characterized in that a special ceramic material and a PBO fiber composite material are combined for use, and the characteristics that the density of the two materials is low, the weight of the formed component is light, and the two materials have excellent mechanical strength are utilized, so that the overall density of the protective component is lower than that of the existing protective component, the requirement of light weight of aircraft equipment can be met, the impact resistance is excellent, and the strong mechanical impact caused by the impact of a high-speed aircraft can be resisted;
2. the manufacturing method provided by the invention adopts three-dimensional CAD design data as a basis, designs the heat insulation material to construct a three-dimensional model, does not need to customize a mould, is simple in molding operation, is not limited by skill level and experience of personnel, improves the printing efficiency and has short production period.
Description of the drawings:
1. a flow diagram of an additive manufacturing method provided by the invention;
2. the prior art is a manufacturing flow chart of a protective component.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, which is a flowchart of an additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention, the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials:
uniformly mixing zirconium dioxide powder, a lubricant, an organic polymer binder and an organic alcohol plasticizer to prepare zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder;
uniformly mixing filament poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fibers and thermoplastic phenolic resin to prepare a PBO fiber composite material;
s2: d, digital-analog design:
designing a special ceramic component digital model by using CAD software, and designing the manufacturing track data of the POB fiber composite material component fused deposition according to the digital model;
s3: preparing a special ceramic composite material:
introducing the digital model of the special ceramic component designed in the step into SLS equipment, and using zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder to perform additive manufacturing on the special ceramic component layer by layer;
the SLS equipment comprises a laser head, a workbench and a powder laying system;
the powder spreading system spreads the special ceramic powder with the thickness of 45-60 mu m on the worktable every time, the sintering laser power is 500-1500W, the laser spot diameter is 50-75 mu m, and the laser sintering is carried out layer by layer in the X, Y, Z direction at the speed of 0.2-0.5 m/s.
S4: additive manufacturing
Guiding the fused deposition manufacturing track data of the PBO fiber composite material member designed in the step S3 into FDM equipment, and bonding the PBO fiber composite material on the special ceramic member obtained in the step to prepare a protective member;
FDM equipment includes universal nozzle, universal workstation, temperature control system, pressure system, vacuum system and shaping storehouse.
The temperature of the universal nozzle outlet of the FDM equipment is 150-155 ℃, and the spraying speed of the PBO fiber composite material is controlled to be 0.8-1.1m3And h, the thickness of each layer of the fiber composite material is 0.5-1 mm.
After the manufacturing track of the PBO fiber composite material member is led into FDM equipment, the universal nozzle and the universal working table automatically adjust the action on an X, Y, Z shaft along with the track, the length-diameter ratio of the opening of the universal nozzle is automatically adjusted according to the manufacturing track in a ratio of 1.5:1-5:1, and the total thickness of the obtained protective member is 4-5 mm.
S5: and (3) heat treatment:
and further maintaining the shape of the protective component to obtain the formed impact-resistant protective component.
Vacuumizing the molding bin, controlling the molding bin to be heated to the temperature of 145-3 ℃ by a temperature control system, and controlling the heat preservation time to be 2-3 h; and taking out the formed impact-resistant protective component for use after the forming bin recovers to normal pressure and is cooled to room temperature.
In examples 1 to 3 prepared based on the above method, the components and process parameters were set as follows:
example 1:
the weight parts of each component are as follows: 70 parts of zirconium dioxide powder, 8 parts of lubricant, 1 part of organic polymer adhesive and 1 part of organic alcohol plasticizer, wherein the particle diameter of the zirconium dioxide powder is 50-80 nm. The PBO fiber composite material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of PBO fiber, 30 parts of thermoplastic phenolic resin and 5 parts of tackifier.
The technological parameters are as follows: SLS equipment parameters: paving special ceramic powder with the thickness of 45 mu m each time, wherein the power of a laser is 500W, the diameter of a laser spot is 50 mu m, and the scanning speed of the laser is 0.2 m/s; manufacturing parameters of the FDM equipment: the outlet temperature of the universal nozzle is 150 ℃, the ejecting speed of the PBO fiber composite material is 0.8m3/h, the thickness of each layer is 0.5mm, and the total thickness of the impact-resistant protective component is 4 mm.
The prepared high-speed impact resistant protective component has the density of 7.25g/cm3 at room temperature and the tensile strength of 890 MPa.
Example 2: the special ceramic powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of zirconium dioxide powder, 10 parts of lubricant, 2 parts of organic polymer adhesive and 2 parts of organic alcohol plasticizer, wherein the particle diameter of the zirconium dioxide powder is 50-80 nm. The PBO fiber composite material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of PBO fiber, 35 parts of thermoplastic phenolic resin and 10 parts of tackifier.
The technological parameters are as follows: SLS equipment parameters: paving special ceramic powder with the thickness of 60 mu m each time, wherein the power of a laser is 1500W, the diameter of a laser spot is 75 mu m, and the scanning speed of the laser is 0.5 m/s; manufacturing parameters of the FDM equipment: the outlet temperature of the universal nozzle is 155 ℃, and the ejecting speed of the PBO fiber composite material is 1.1m3And h, the thickness of each layer is 1mm, and the total thickness of the impact-resistant protection component is 5 mm.
The prepared high-speed impact resistant protective component has the density of 7.41g/cm3 at room temperature and the tensile strength of 1050 MPa.
Example 3: the special ceramic powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: 75 parts of zirconium dioxide powder, 8 parts of lubricant, 2 parts of organic polymer adhesive and 1.5 parts of organic alcohol plasticizer, wherein the particle diameter of the zirconium dioxide powder is 50-80 nm. The PBO fiber composite material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of PBO fiber, 33 parts of thermoplastic phenolic resin and 8 parts of tackifier.
The technological parameters are as follows: SLS equipment parameters: paving special ceramic powder with the thickness of 50 mu m each time, wherein the laser power is 1200W, the laser spot diameter is 70 mu m, and the laser scanning speed is 0.4 m/s; manufacturing parameters of the FDM equipment: the temperature of the outlet of the universal nozzle is 153 ℃, and the ejecting speed of the PBO fiber composite material is 0.9m3The thickness of each layer is 0.9mm, and the total thickness of the impact-resistant protection component is 4.8 mm.
The prepared high-speed impact resistant protective component has the density of 7.31g/cm3 at room temperature and the tensile strength of 950 MPa.
As shown in fig. 2, a conventional manufacturing flow chart of the protective member, as can be seen from a comparison of the flows, the additive manufacturing flow can save a large number of design and production cycles in the design process and the specific manufacturing process, and can significantly improve the production efficiency.
The density of the metal material used in the conventional protective member is about 7.85g/cm3The tensile strength is generally 790 MPa; the density of the anti-impact protective component prepared by the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention is less than or equal to 7.41g/cm3The tensile strength is 890MPa or more.
In conclusion, the impact-resistant protective member prepared by the manufacturing method provided by the invention has the advantages of lower density, higher tensile strength, excellent mechanical strength and better mechanical impact resistance compared with the traditional protective member. Meanwhile, the operation is simple, the production period is short, and the production efficiency can be obviously improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of additive manufacturing of an impact resistant protective member, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: uniformly mixing zirconium dioxide powder, a lubricant, an organic polymer binder and an organic alcohol plasticizer to prepare zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder;
s2: uniformly mixing filament poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fibers and thermoplastic phenolic resin to prepare a PBO fiber composite material;
s3: designing a special ceramic component digital model by using CAD software, and designing the manufacturing track data of the POB fiber composite material component fused deposition according to the digital model;
s4: introducing the digital model of the special ceramic component designed in the step into SLS equipment, and using zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder to perform additive manufacturing on the special ceramic component layer by layer;
s5: guiding the fused deposition manufacturing track data of the PBO fiber composite material member designed in the step S3 into FDM equipment, and bonding the PBO fiber composite material on the special ceramic member obtained in the step to prepare a protective member;
s6: further maintaining the shape of the protective component to obtain a molded impact-resistant protective component;
the SLS equipment is selective laser sintering equipment, and the FDM equipment is fused deposition manufacturing equipment.
2. The additive manufacturing method for an impact-resistant protection member according to claim 1, wherein the zirconium dioxide special ceramic powder comprises the following components in parts by mass:
70-80 parts of zirconium dioxide powder;
8-10 parts of a lubricant;
1-2 parts of organic polymer adhesive;
1-2 parts of an organic alcohol plasticizer;
wherein the particle diameter of the zirconium dioxide powder is 50-80 nm.
3. The method for additive manufacturing of an impact-resistant protective member according to claim 1, wherein said PBO fiber composite comprises the following components in parts by mass:
55-60 parts of PBO fiber;
30-35 parts of thermoplastic phenolic resin.
4. The additive manufacturing method of an impact-resistant protective member according to claim 1, wherein the SLS apparatus in step S4 includes a laser head, a work table, and a powder laying system;
the powder paving system paves the special ceramic powder with the thickness of 45-60 mu m on the worktable surface every time, the sintering laser power is 500-1500W, the laser spot diameter is 50-75 mu m, and the laser sintering is carried out layer by layer in the X, Y, Z direction at the speed of 0.2-0.5 m/s.
5. The method for additive manufacturing of impact-resistant protection members according to claim 1, wherein the FDM apparatus in step S5 comprises a universal nozzle, a universal table, a temperature control system, a pressure system, a vacuum system, and a forming bin.
6. The additive manufacturing method for an impact-resistant protection member according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the outlet of the universal nozzle of the FDM equipment in the step S5 is 150 ℃ and 155 ℃, and the PBO fiber composite material spraying speed is controlled to be 0.8-1.1m3And h, the thickness of each layer of the fiber composite material is 0.5-1 mm.
7. The method for manufacturing the impact-resistant protection member according to claim 5, wherein after the manufacturing track of the PBO fiber composite material member is guided into the FDM equipment, the universal nozzle and the universal workbench automatically adjust to act on an X, Y, Z axis along with the track, the diameter-diameter ratio of the opening of the universal nozzle is automatically adjusted according to the manufacturing track within 1.5:1-5:1, and the total thickness of the obtained protection member is 4-5 mm.
8. The additive manufacturing method for an impact-resistant protection member according to claim 5, wherein the shape maintaining in step S6 is vacuum-pumping in the molding bin, and the molding bin is controlled to be heated to 150 ℃ by the temperature control system, and the holding time is controlled to be 2-3 h; and taking out the formed impact-resistant protective component for use after the forming bin recovers to normal pressure and is cooled to room temperature.
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| CN103158878A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-06-19 | 溧阳市科技开发中心 | Wrapping structure of aircraft engine |
| CN107673763A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-09 | 西北工业大学 | The method for preparing ceramic structures by fused glass pellet 3D printing using thermoplasticity ceramic forerunner |
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| CN109499561A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method of increasing material manufacturing three-dimensional photocatalysis material of titanium dioxide |
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| CN103158878A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-06-19 | 溧阳市科技开发中心 | Wrapping structure of aircraft engine |
| CN107673763A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-09 | 西北工业大学 | The method for preparing ceramic structures by fused glass pellet 3D printing using thermoplasticity ceramic forerunner |
| CN208410950U (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-01-22 | 广东新秀新材料股份有限公司 | Shock resistance case material and digital product shell |
| CN109499561A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method of increasing material manufacturing three-dimensional photocatalysis material of titanium dioxide |
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