CN110429793B - Four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch and operation control method thereof - Google Patents
Four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch and operation control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110429793B CN110429793B CN201910614821.7A CN201910614821A CN110429793B CN 110429793 B CN110429793 B CN 110429793B CN 201910614821 A CN201910614821 A CN 201910614821A CN 110429793 B CN110429793 B CN 110429793B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/06—Controlling the motor in four quadrants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
- H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
- H02K49/106—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with a radial air gap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P17/00—Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric gears
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0085—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed
- H02P21/0089—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed using field weakening
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Abstract
The invention discloses a four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch and an operation control method thereof, wherein the four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch comprises a base, an inner rotor and an electrically excited outer rotor; the inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor or an electrically excited inner rotor; the electrically excited outer rotor comprises an outer rotor shaft, an outer rotor iron core, an outer rotor winding, an outer rotor casing and an outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit; one end of the outer rotor shell is sleeved on the periphery of the inner rotor shaft, and the other end of the outer rotor shell is sleeved on the outer rotor shaft; the outer rotor winding is wound in the outer rotor iron core; the outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit comprises a primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1, a primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2, a wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC2-AC3, a secondary side rectification circuit AC3-DC2 and an outer rotor controller circuit DC2-AC 4. The clutch speed regulation device can be used for realizing the synchronous or asynchronous speed regulation mode of the clutch by AC/DC input and AC or DC excitation, adopts corresponding working states according to different conditions and requirements, has wide application range, allows larger centering error and can effectively improve the efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motor control, power electronic transformers and electromagnetic transmission, in particular to a four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch and an operation control method thereof.
Background
The existing electric transmission equipment such as a clutch is mainly in physical mechanical connection in a torque transmission mode, the tolerable error of the equipment is small, and due to physical connection, the system vibration is large, the starting characteristic is poor, the overload protection capability is lacked, so that the application range of the equipment is limited, and the environmental adaptability capability is poor. The non-contact electromagnetic clutch is widely researched by researchers due to the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like.
With the rapid development of power electronic technologies such as power silicon carbide in recent decades, high-frequency power electronic transformers have attracted much attention in recent decades. Meanwhile, wireless power transmission is rapidly developed, non-contact power transmission is researched greatly, and efficiency is higher and higher.
The invention combines the principles of electromagnetism, power electronics and wireless energy transmission, provides a power supply and control system for flexibly inputting and applying excitation to the inner rotor and the outer rotor of the clutch, and can realize simple physical maintenance.
In the field of industrial control, electromagnetic speed regulation is a speed regulation and energy saving mode which can be compared with variable-frequency speed regulation, and the speed regulation and energy saving can be realized by regulating the rotating speed of a load under the condition of not changing the rotating speed of a prime motor. At present, there are several main electromagnetic speed regulation schemes:
1. the applicant filed application No. 201510135372.X in 3 months 2015, and the name of the invention is 'an outer rotor adjusting type eddy current speed regulator', and the speed regulating mechanism represented by the patent application is a slip consumption type permanent magnet and conductor disc speed regulating mechanism, and has low efficiency, particularly low efficiency in high slip.
2. The applicant filed application No. 201510230697.6 in 5 months 2015, entitled "inner rotor cooling type high-power eddy current speed regulator", represents a permanent magnet and winding disc speed regulating mechanism, and utilizes a slip ring mechanism to realize energy feedback, but the slip ring belongs to equipment with high fault rate and is often avoided.
3. The applicant filed in 8.8.2017 with application number 201710695156.X entitled "speed regulating system of differential planetary gear compound four-quadrant motor", which represents the utilization of a differential planetary gear mechanism, but the differential planetary gear structure is still relatively complex.
The patent aims to overcome the technical problems and realize the energy feedback type speed regulation function on the same set of electromagnetic mechanism. Meanwhile, in some occasions, short-term overspeed operation, constant-power or constant-torque operation and other requirements are required, and the invention can be realized on the same mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch and an operation control method thereof, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch and the operation control method thereof can realize AC/DC input and AC or DC excitation, can realize a synchronous or asynchronous speed regulation mode of the clutch, adopt corresponding working states according to different conditions and requirements, have wide application range, allow larger centering error and effectively improve efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch comprises a base, an inner rotor, an electro-magnetic outer rotor and an air gap.
The inner rotor comprises an inner rotor shaft and an inner rotor iron core which are coaxially arranged; the inner rotor shaft is arranged on the base through a bearing, and the inner rotor iron core can rotate along with the inner rotor shaft.
The electric excitation outer rotor comprises an outer rotor shaft, an outer rotor iron core, an outer rotor winding, an outer rotor casing and an outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit.
The outer rotor shaft and the inner rotor shaft are coaxially arranged.
The outer rotor iron core is coaxially arranged on the periphery of the inner rotor iron core, and the air gap is formed between the outer rotor iron core and the inner rotor iron core.
The outer wall surface of the outer rotor iron core is fixedly connected with the outer rotor casing, one end of the outer rotor casing is sleeved on the periphery of the inner rotor shaft through a bearing, the other end of the outer rotor casing is sleeved on the outer rotor shaft, and the outer rotor iron core can rotate along with the rotation of the outer rotor shaft; the outer rotor winding is wound in the outer rotor iron core.
The outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit comprises a primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1, a primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2, a wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC2-AC3, a secondary side rectification circuit AC3-DC2 and an outer rotor controller circuit DC2-AC 4.
The wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC2-AC3 comprises an outer fixed winding and an outer rotating winding which can realize wireless alternating current transmission.
The outer fixed winding is wound on an outer fixed magnetic core arranged on the base, and the outer rotating winding is wound on an outer rotating magnetic core arranged on the outer rotor shell; the outer fixed magnetic core is coaxially positioned at the periphery of the outer rotating magnetic core, and an outer air gap is arranged between the outer fixed magnetic core and the outer rotating magnetic core.
The primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 is provided with two input ends, wherein one input end is directly connected with an external direct current power supply DC after being connected with a capacitor C11 in parallel; the other input end is connected with the capacitor C11 in parallel and then connected with the output end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1, and the input end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1 is externally connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply AC.
The output end of the primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 is sequentially connected with the inductor L11 and the outer fixed winding in series.
The input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC3-DC2 are sequentially connected in series with the inductor L12 and the outer rotating winding.
The secondary side rectifying circuit AC3-DC2 is provided with two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the capacitor C14 in parallel and then directly outputs direct current to the rotor winding; the output end of the other path is firstly connected with a capacitor C14 in parallel and then connected with the input end of an external rotor controller circuit DC2-AC4, and the external rotor controller circuit DC2-AC4 realizes three-phase alternating current input to an external rotor winding.
The output end of the primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 is connected with the capacitor C12 in parallel, and then is connected with the inductor L11 and the external fixed winding in series; the external rotating winding at the input end of the secondary side rectifying circuit AC3-DC2 is connected with an inductor L12 and a capacitor C13 in parallel in sequence.
The inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor.
The inner rotor is an electrically excited inner rotor, and the electrically excited inner rotor also comprises an inner rotor winding and an inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit; the inner rotor winding is wound in the inner rotor core.
The inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit comprises a primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC3, a primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6, a wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC6-AC7, a secondary side rectification circuit AC7-DC4 and an inner rotor controller circuit DC4-AC 8.
The wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC6-AC7 comprises an inner fixed winding and an inner rotating winding which can realize wireless alternating current transmission.
The inner fixed winding is wound on an inner fixed magnetic core arranged on the base, and the inner rotating winding is wound on an inner rotating magnetic core arranged on the inner rotor shaft; the inner fixed magnetic core is coaxially positioned at the periphery of the inner rotating magnetic core, and an inner air gap is arranged between the inner fixed magnetic core and the inner rotating magnetic core.
The primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6 is provided with two input ends, wherein one input end is directly connected with an external direct current power supply DC after being connected with a capacitor C21 in parallel; the other input end is connected with the capacitor C21 in parallel and then connected with the output end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC3, and the input end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC3 is externally connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply AC.
The output end of the primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6 is sequentially connected with the inductor L21 and the inner fixed winding in series.
The input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC7-DC4 are sequentially connected in series with the inductor L22 and the inner rotating winding.
The secondary side rectifying circuit AC7-DC4 is provided with two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the capacitor C24 in parallel and then directly outputs direct current to the rotor winding; the output end of the other path is firstly connected with a capacitor C24 in parallel and then connected with the input end of an inner rotor controller circuit DC4-AC8, and an outer rotor controller circuit DC4-AC8 realizes three-phase alternating current input to an inner rotor winding.
An operation control method of a four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch is characterized in that an inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor or an electro-magnetic inner rotor.
When the inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor, the rotation speed regulation in the following two states can be realized.
State a 1: the outer rotor winding inputs direct current, and the rotating speed of the inner rotor is equal to that of the outer rotor at the moment, so that a synchronous speed regulation mode is adopted.
State a 2: the outer rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, a rotating magnetic field is generated in the outer rotor winding, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is different from that of the electrically excited outer rotor at the moment, and an asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted; in the asynchronous speed regulation process, different direct-axis and quadrature-axis currents are added into an outer rotor winding according to the requirement of output power, so that the functions of increasing magnetism, weakening magnetism and regulating torque are realized; according to the requirement of the rotating speed, the frequency and the electrifying direction of the three-phase alternating current are changed, and the operation that the rotating speed of the inner rotor is greater than or less than that of the outer rotor is realized.
When the inner rotor is an electrically excited inner rotor, the rotation speed regulation in the following five states can be realized.
State B1: the inner rotor winding inputs direct current, the outer rotor winding inputs direct current, and at the moment, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is equal to that of the outer rotor, and the synchronous speed regulation mode is adopted.
State B2: the inner rotor winding inputs direct current, the outer rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, and the rotating speed of the inner rotor is different from that of the electrically excited outer rotor at the moment, so that an asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted; according to the requirement of output power, different direct-axis and quadrature-axis currents are added into the outer rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism, weakening magnetism and adjusting torque; according to the requirement of the rotating speed, the frequency and the electrifying direction of the three-phase alternating current in the outer rotor winding are changed, so that the operation that the rotating speed of the inner rotor is greater than or less than that of the outer rotor is realized; according to the requirement of output power, different direct currents are added into the inner rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism or weakening magnetism.
State B3: the inner rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, the outer rotor winding inputs direct current, the rotating speed of the inner rotor and the rotating speed of the electrically excited outer rotor are different at the moment, and an asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted; according to the requirement of output power, different direct-axis and quadrature-axis currents are added into the inner rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism, weakening magnetism and adjusting torque; according to the requirement of the rotating speed, the frequency and the electrifying direction of the three-phase alternating current of the inner rotor winding are changed, and the operation that the rotating speed of the inner rotor is greater than or less than that of the outer rotor is realized; according to the requirement of output power, different direct currents are added into the outer rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism or weakening magnetism.
State B4: the inner rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, the outer rotor winding also inputs three-phase alternating current, the three-phase alternating current of the inner rotor and the three-phase alternating current of the outer rotor have the same direction and the same frequency, at the moment, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is equal to that of the outer rotor, and a synchronous speed regulation mode is adopted. The synchronous speed at this time is a set value and is not limited by the rotating speed of the driving motor or the load.
State B5: the inner rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, the outer rotor winding also inputs three-phase alternating current, the three-phase alternating current of the inner rotor and the three-phase alternating current of the outer rotor have different frequencies, and the rotating speed of the inner rotor is different from that of the electrically excited outer rotor at the moment, so that the asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted. According to the requirement of output power, different direct-axis and quadrature-axis currents are added into the inner rotor winding or the outer rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism, weakening magnetism and adjusting torque; according to the requirement of the rotating speed, the frequency and the electrifying direction of three-phase alternating current in the inner rotor winding or the outer rotor winding are changed, and the operation that the rotating speed of the inner rotor is greater than or less than that of the outer rotor is realized.
The outer rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current or direct current through the outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit, and the inner rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current or direct current through the inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit; the inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit and the outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit can both operate in four quadrants, and when the electromagnetic clutch is in an asynchronous operation mode, the outer rotor winding and the inner rotor winding can both input electric energy and output electric energy, so that a power generation function is realized, and slip loss is reduced.
When the electromagnetic clutch operates in four quadrants, the operation of a common direct current bus or an alternating current bus can be realized, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
the outer rotor primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 and the inner rotor primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6 are connected in parallel at the input ends DC3 and DC1, and the operation of a common direct current bus can be realized; the outer rotor primary side rectifying input circuit AC1-DC1 and the inner rotor primary side rectifying input circuit AC5-DC3 are connected in parallel at the input ends AC5 and AC1, and the common alternating current bus operation can be realized.
In the state B3, the inner rotor winding generates a rotating magnetic field with the rotating speed of n 0' due to the fact that three-phase alternating current is introduced, and the outer rotor winding forms a fixed magnetic field due to the fact that direct current is introduced; when the motor drives the electrically excited outer rotor to rotate at a speed of n1, the rotation speed of the inner rotor is n = n1-n 0'; if n1> n 0', the rotation direction of the inner rotor is consistent with the torque direction, and the inner rotor operates in a first quadrant; if n1< n 0', the rotation direction of the inner rotor is opposite to the torque direction, and the inner rotor operates in the fourth quadrant; if n1= n 0', the inner rotor is stationary.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the electromagnetic clutch can transmit energy in a non-contact mode, and torque is transmitted through coupling between magnetic fields. According to the difference of excitation modes applied by the outer rotor and the inner rotor, the flexible conversion of synchronous or asynchronous states in the operation process is realized, and the slip power can be recovered to provide electric energy for a power grid.
2. The clutch speed regulation device can be used for AC/DC input and AC or DC excitation, can realize a synchronous or asynchronous speed regulation mode of the clutch, adopts corresponding working states according to different conditions and requirements, can be applied to quadratic loads, constant torque loads, constant power loads and the like, has wide application range in occasions, inherits the advantage of larger allowable centering error of the existing permanent magnet speed regulator, and has obviously higher energy-saving effect than the existing permanent magnet coupler because the slip power can be fed back or no slip power is generated in the speed regulation process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a structural view of a four-quadrant operating electromagnetic clutch in the present invention when the inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor.
Fig. 2 is a structural view showing a four-quadrant operating electromagnetic clutch in the present invention when the inner rotor is an electrically excited inner rotor.
Fig. 3 shows four input-output modes of the outer rotor side isolated power supply circuit.
Fig. 4 shows four input-output modes of the inner rotor side isolated power supply circuit.
Among them are:
1. an outer rotor shaft;
21. an outer rotating core; 22. an outer rotating winding;
2a, a secondary side rectifying circuit AC3-DC 2; external rotor controller circuitry DC2-AC 4;
31. externally fixing a magnetic core; 32. externally fixing a winding;
3a, a primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC 2; 3b. a primary side rectified input circuit AC1-DC 1;
4. an inner rotor core; 41. a permanent magnet; 42. an inner rotor winding;
5. an outer rotor core; 51. an outer rotor casing; 52. an outer rotor winding;
6. an outer air gap;
71. rotating the magnetic core; 72. rotating the winding;
7a, a secondary side rectifying circuit AC7-DC 4; internal rotor controller circuitry DC4-AC 8;
81. an internal fixed magnetic core; 82. an internal fixed winding;
a primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC 6; a primary side rectified input circuit AC5-DC 3;
9. an inner air gap; 10. an inner rotor shaft; 11. a base.
In fig. 3 and 4: h1 and H2 both represent H bridges; S1-S40 represent power electronic power switches;
C11-C14 and C21-C24 all represent capacitors; l11, L12, L21 and L22 all represent inductances.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a four-quadrant operating electromagnetic clutch includes a base 11, an inner rotor, an electrically excited outer rotor, and an air gap.
One, external rotor structure
The electrically excited outer rotor, also called outer rotor, includes outer rotor shaft 1, outer rotor iron core 5, outer rotor winding 52, outer rotor case 51 and outer rotor side isolated power supply circuit.
The outer rotor shaft is arranged coaxially with the inner rotor shaft 10.
The outer rotor core is coaxially arranged at the periphery of the inner rotor core 4, and the air gap is formed between the outer rotor core and the inner rotor core.
The outer wall surface of the outer rotor iron core is fixedly connected with the outer rotor casing, one end of the outer rotor casing is sleeved on the periphery of the inner rotor shaft through a bearing, the other end of the outer rotor casing is sleeved on the outer rotor shaft, and the outer rotor iron core can rotate along with the rotation of the outer rotor shaft; the outer rotor winding is wound in the outer rotor iron core.
As shown in fig. 3, the outer rotor side isolated power supply circuit includes a circuit portion and a magnetic circuit portion.
A. Magnetic circuit part
The magnetic circuit part comprises a wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC2-AC 3.
The wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC2-AC3 comprises an outer fixed winding 32 and an outer rotating winding 22 which realize wireless alternating current transmission.
The outer fixed winding is wound on an outer fixed magnetic core 31 arranged on the base, and the outer rotating winding is wound on an outer rotating magnetic core 21 arranged on the outer rotor shell; the outer fixed magnetic core is coaxially arranged at the periphery of the outer rotating magnetic core, a fixed outer air gap 6 is arranged between the outer fixed magnetic core and the outer rotating magnetic core, the outer fixed magnetic core and the outer rotating magnetic core are coupled through the outer air gap, and the magnetic circuit is basically kept unchanged.
B. Circuit part
The circuit part comprises a primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC 13 b, a primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC 23 a, a secondary side rectification circuit AC3-DC 22 a and an external controller circuit DC2-AC 42 b.
The primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 is provided with two input ends, wherein one input end is directly connected with an external direct current power supply DC after being connected with a capacitor C11 in parallel; the other input end is connected with the capacitor C11 in parallel and then connected with the output end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1, and the input end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1 is externally connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply AC.
The output end of the primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 is preferably connected in parallel with the capacitor C12 and then connected in series with the inductor L11 and the external fixed winding.
The input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC3-DC2 are connected in series with the inductor L12 and the outer rotating winding in sequence, and further, the input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC3-DC2 are also preferably connected in parallel with a capacitor C13.
The secondary side rectifying circuit AC3-DC2 is provided with two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the capacitor C14 in parallel and then directly outputs direct current to the rotor winding; the output end of the other path is firstly connected with a capacitor C14 in parallel and then connected with the input end of an external rotor controller circuit DC2-AC4, and the external rotor controller circuit DC2-AC4 realizes three-phase alternating current input to an external rotor winding.
Second, inner rotor structure
The inner rotor comprises an inner rotor shaft 10 and an inner rotor iron core 4 which are coaxially arranged; the inner rotor shaft is arranged on the base through a bearing, and the inner rotor iron core can rotate along with the inner rotor shaft.
In the present invention, the inner rotor has the following two preferred embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor, and the outer edge of the permanent magnet inner rotor is provided with a plurality of groups of permanent magnets 41.
Example 2
The inner rotor is an electrically excited inner rotor, and the electrically excited inner rotor further comprises an inner rotor winding 42 and an inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit; the inner rotor winding is wound in the inner rotor core.
As shown in fig. 4, the inner rotor side isolated power supply circuit includes a circuit part and a magnetic circuit part.
A. Magnetic circuit part
The magnetic circuit portion includes a wireless AC transmission magnetic circuit AC6-AC7 that includes an inner stationary winding 82 and an inner rotating winding 72 that enable wireless AC transmission.
The internal stationary winding is wound around an internal stationary core 81 provided on the base, the internal and external stationary cores preferably being located on both sides of the base, respectively.
The inner rotating winding is wound on an inner rotating magnetic core 71 arranged on an inner rotor shaft; the inner fixed magnetic core is coaxially positioned at the periphery of the inner rotating magnetic core, and a fixed inner air gap 9 is arranged between the inner fixed magnetic core and the inner rotating magnetic core.
B. Circuit part
The circuit part comprises a primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC 38 b, a primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC 68 a, and a secondary side rectification input circuit
A rectifier circuit AC7-DC 47 a and an inner rotor controller circuit DC4-AC 87 b.
The primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6 is provided with two input ends, wherein one input end is directly connected with an external direct current power supply DC after being connected with a capacitor C21 in parallel; the other input end is connected with the capacitor C21 in parallel and then connected with the output end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC3, and the input end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC3 is externally connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply AC.
The output end of the primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6 is preferably connected in parallel with the capacitor C22 and then connected in series with the inductor L21 and the inner fixed winding.
The input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC7-DC4 are connected in series with the inductor L22 and the inner rotating winding in sequence, and further, the input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC3-DC2 are preferably connected in parallel with a capacitor C23.
The secondary side rectifying circuit AC7-DC4 is provided with two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the capacitor C24 in parallel and then directly outputs direct current to the rotor winding; the output end of the other path is firstly connected with a capacitor C24 in parallel and then connected with the input end of an inner rotor controller circuit DC4-AC8, and an outer rotor controller circuit DC4-AC8 realizes three-phase alternating current input to an inner rotor winding.
An operation control method of a four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch is characterized in that an inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor or an electro-magnetic inner rotor.
When the inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor, the motor drives the shaft of the outer rotor, and the shaft of the inner rotor drags the load, so that the rotating speed regulation in the following two states can be realized.
State a 1: the outer rotor winding inputs direct current, and the rotating speed of the inner rotor is equal to that of the electrically excited outer rotor at the moment, so that a synchronous speed regulation mode is adopted.
The outer rotor winding is fed with direct current, so that a fixed magnetic field is formed, and when the rotation speed of the motor driving outer rotor is n1, the rotation speed of the inner rotor is n = n 1.
The synchronous speed is the rotating speed of the permanent magnet side (or the side of the winding which is connected with the direct current). When the permanent magnet side (or the side of the winding connected with the direct current) is connected with a driving motor, the synchronous speed is the rotating speed of the driving motor; when the permanent magnet side (or the side of the winding connected with the direct current) is connected with the load, the synchronous speed is the rotating speed of the load.
In the state A1, the outer rotor winding inputs direct current, the outer rotor is connected with the motor in a shaft mode, the permanent magnet side is connected with a load, and at the moment, the rotating speeds of the inner rotor and the outer rotor are the same and are synchronous.
State a 2: the outer rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, a rotating magnetic field is generated in the outer rotor winding, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is different from that of the electrically excited outer rotor at the moment, and an asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted; in the asynchronous speed regulation process, different direct-axis and quadrature-axis currents are added into an outer rotor winding according to the requirement of output power, so that the functions of increasing magnetism, weakening magnetism and regulating torque are realized; according to the requirement of the rotating speed, the frequency and the electrifying direction of the three-phase alternating current are changed, and the operation that the rotating speed of the inner rotor is greater than or less than that of the outer rotor is realized.
The outer rotor winding generates a rotating magnetic field with the rotating speed of n0 due to the fact that three-phase alternating current is introduced, when the rotating speed of the motor driving the outer rotor is n1, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is n = n0+ n1, at the moment, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is not equal to that of the outer rotor, and the asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted.
When the inner rotor is an electrically excited inner rotor, the motor drives the shaft of the outer rotor, and the shaft of the inner rotor drags the load, so that the rotating speed regulation in the following five states can be realized.
State B1: the inner rotor winding inputs direct current, the outer rotor winding inputs direct current, and at the moment, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is equal to that of the electrically excited outer rotor, and the synchronous speed regulation mode is adopted.
The inner rotor winding forms a fixed magnetic field due to the fact that direct current is introduced into the inner rotor winding; the outer rotor winding is also electrified with direct current, and forms another fixed magnetic field. When the motor drives the outer rotor to rotate at the speed of n1, the rotation speed of the inner rotor is n = n1, and the rotation speed of the inner rotor is equal to that of the outer rotor at the moment, so that the synchronous speed regulation mode is adopted.
State B1 requires two sets of loosely coupled DAB (dual Active bridge), and state a1 only requires one set of loosely coupled DAB. The permanent magnet material in the state A1 is expensive in cost and convenient to process; the electro-magnetic material in state B1 is inexpensive and slightly complex to machine. The synchronous speed regulation modes of the states A1 and B1 are selected according to use requirements.
State B2: the inner rotor winding inputs direct current, the outer rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, and the rotating speed of the inner rotor is different from that of the electrically excited outer rotor at the moment, so that an asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted; according to the requirement of output power, different direct-axis and quadrature-axis currents are added into the outer rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism, weakening magnetism and adjusting torque; according to the requirement of the rotating speed, the frequency and the electrifying direction of the three-phase alternating current in the outer rotor winding are changed, so that the operation that the rotating speed of the inner rotor is greater than or less than that of the outer rotor is realized; according to the requirement of output power, different direct currents are added into the inner rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism or weakening magnetism.
The inner rotor winding forms a fixed magnetic field due to the fact that direct current is conducted, and the outer rotor winding generates a rotating magnetic field with the rotating speed of n0 due to the fact that three-phase alternating current is conducted. When the motor drives the outer rotor to rotate at the speed of n1, the rotation speed of the inner rotor n = n0+ n1, and the rotation speed of the inner rotor is different from that of the outer rotor at the moment, so that the asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted.
Two sets of loosely coupled DABs are required for state B2, and only one set of loosely coupled DABs is required for state A2. The permanent magnet material in the state A2 is expensive in cost and convenient to process; the electro-magnetic material in state B2 is inexpensive and slightly complex to machine. The asynchronous speed regulation modes of the states A2 and B2 are selected according to use requirements.
State B3: the inner rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, the outer rotor winding inputs direct current, the rotating speed of the inner rotor and the rotating speed of the electrically excited outer rotor are different at the moment, and an asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted; according to the requirement of output power, different direct-axis and quadrature-axis currents are added into the inner rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism, weakening magnetism and adjusting torque; according to the requirement of the rotating speed, the frequency and the electrifying direction of the three-phase alternating current of the inner rotor winding are changed, and the operation that the rotating speed of the inner rotor is greater than or less than that of the outer rotor is realized; according to the requirement of output power, different direct currents are added into the outer rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism or weakening magnetism.
The inner rotor winding generates a rotating magnetic field with the rotating speed of n 0' due to the fact that three-phase alternating current is conducted, and the outer rotor winding forms a fixed magnetic field due to the fact that direct current is conducted. When the motor drives the outer rotor to rotate at the speed of n1, the inner rotor rotates at the speed of n = n1-n 0'. If n1> n 0', the rotation direction of the inner rotor is consistent with the torque direction, and the inner rotor operates in a first quadrant; if n1< n 0', the rotation direction of the inner rotor is opposite to the torque direction, and the inner rotor operates in the fourth quadrant; if n1= n 0', the inner rotor is stationary.
The structures of A2 and B3 are different, B3 needs two sets of loosely coupled DABs, and A2 needs one set. The A2 permanent magnet material has high cost and convenient processing; the B3 electro-magnetic material is cheap and has slightly complex processing.
Two sets of loosely coupled DABs are required for state B3, and only one set of loosely coupled DABs is required for state A2. The permanent magnet material in the state A2 is expensive in cost and convenient to process; the electro-magnetic material in state B3 is inexpensive and slightly complex to machine. The asynchronous speed regulation modes of the states A2 and B3 are selected according to use requirements.
In the state B3, n1> n 0' is suitable for the condition that the speed reduction operation is required, such as speed reduction and energy saving of a fan; n1< n 0' is suitable for the case of short-time overspeed operation; n1= n 0' is suitable for the case where synchronous operation is required.
State B4: the inner rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, the outer rotor winding also inputs three-phase alternating current, the three-phase alternating current of the inner rotor and the three-phase alternating current of the outer rotor have the same direction and the same frequency, at the moment, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is equal to that of the electrically excited outer rotor, and the synchronous speed regulation mode is adopted. The synchronous speed at this time is a set value and is not limited by the rotating speed of the driving motor or the load.
The inner rotor winding generates a rotating magnetic field with the rotating speed of n 0' due to the fact that three-phase alternating current is introduced; and three-phase alternating current is introduced into the outer rotor winding, a rotating magnetic field with the rotating speed of n0 is generated, and when the motor drives the outer rotor to rotate at the rotating speed of n1, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is n = n1+ n0-n 0'. When the three-phase alternating current introduced into the inner rotor winding and the three-phase alternating current introduced into the outer rotor winding have the same direction and the same frequency, n0= n 0'. At this time, the rotating speed of the inner rotor is equal to that of the outer rotor, and the synchronous speed regulation mode is adopted.
The above state B4 is different from the states a1 and B1 in that the synchronization speed of the state B4 can be set arbitrarily and can be set according to the user's needs, and the synchronization speed of the states a1 and B1 is the motor rotation speed or the load rotation speed.
State B5: the inner rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current, the outer rotor winding also inputs three-phase alternating current, the three-phase alternating current of the inner rotor and the three-phase alternating current of the outer rotor have different frequencies, and the rotating speed of the inner rotor is different from that of the electrically excited outer rotor at the moment, so that the asynchronous speed regulation mode is adopted. According to the requirement of output power, different direct-axis and quadrature-axis currents are added into the inner rotor winding or the outer rotor winding to realize the functions of increasing magnetism, weakening magnetism and adjusting torque; according to the requirement of the rotating speed, the frequency and the electrifying direction of three-phase alternating current in the inner rotor winding or the outer rotor winding are changed, and the operation that the rotating speed of the inner rotor is greater than or less than that of the outer rotor is realized.
Similarly, when the motor drives the inner rotor shaft to rotate and the outer rotor shaft is connected with a load, the seven states are also provided, each state has a respective speed regulation mode, and the torque regulation function and the speed regulation function are correspondingly provided.
The above states can meet the requirements of high slip, short-term overspeed operation, constant power or constant torque operation and the like. The specific implementation mode is as follows:
for the first configuration (permanent magnet on one side + winding on the other side ac): when the slip is high, the winding is used for feeding back the slip power, so that the efficiency is improved; the vector control is carried out on the winding, the d-axis current is changed, the field weakening and the field increasing are realized, the constant power or constant torque speed regulation is realized, and the speed reduction and the overspeed operation are realized by changing the current frequency in the winding.
For the second configuration (one side winding dc + the other side winding ac): when one side is electrified with direct current, the slip power is fed back by utilizing the alternating current winding on one side during high slip, so that the efficiency is improved; the current of the direct current winding is adjusted, or the vector control is carried out on the alternating current winding on one side, the current of the d axis is changed, the field weakening and the field increasing are realized, and the speed regulation with constant power or constant torque is realized; and the current frequency in the alternating current winding is changed, so that the speed reduction and overspeed operation are realized.
For the second configuration (one side winding ac + the other side winding ac): synchronous state operation of state B4 can be achieved with no slip power, with only a small field current required while speed is changing, and by adjusting the d-axis and q-axis currents, constant power or constant torque operation can be achieved. Or the running state of the state B5 is realized, the synchronous rotating speed is set to a certain required rotating speed, the winding is used for feeding back slip power, the efficiency is improved, the d-axis current is changed, the field weakening and the field increasing are realized, the constant power or constant torque speed regulation is realized, the current frequency in the alternating current winding is changed, and the speed reduction and overspeed running are realized.
The outer rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current or direct current through an outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit, and the inner rotor winding inputs three-phase alternating current or direct current through an inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit; the inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit and the outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit can operate in four quadrants. When the electromagnetic clutch is in an asynchronous operation mode (one side winding is not electrified), slip power can be recycled through the rotor winding in a mode similar to a double-fed motor, energy loss caused by the slip power in a coil is avoided, the slip power is led out from the rotor winding in an electric energy mode and fed back to a power grid, the slip power which is not converted into mechanical power in the electromagnetic power is reasonably utilized, and similarly, the rotor winding can also input the electric energy. In a word, the outer rotor winding and the inner rotor winding can both input electric energy and output electric energy, the power generation function is realized, and the slip loss is reduced.
When the electromagnetic clutch operates in four quadrants, the operation of a common direct current bus or an alternating current bus can be realized, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
the outer rotor primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 and the inner rotor primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6 are connected in parallel at the input ends DC3 and DC1, and the operation of a common direct current bus can be realized; the outer rotor primary side rectifying input circuit AC1-DC1 and the inner rotor primary side rectifying input circuit AC5-DC3 are connected in parallel at the input ends AC5 and AC1, and the common alternating current bus operation can be realized.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch which characterized in that: comprises a base, an inner rotor, an electrically excited outer rotor and an air gap;
the inner rotor comprises an inner rotor shaft and an inner rotor iron core which are coaxially arranged; the inner rotor shaft is arranged on the base through a bearing, and the inner rotor iron core can rotate along with the inner rotor shaft;
the electrically excited outer rotor comprises an outer rotor shaft, an outer rotor iron core, an outer rotor winding, an outer rotor casing and an outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit;
the outer rotor shaft and the inner rotor shaft are coaxially arranged;
the outer rotor iron core is coaxially arranged on the periphery of the inner rotor iron core, and the air gap is formed between the outer rotor iron core and the inner rotor iron core;
the outer wall surface of the outer rotor iron core is fixedly connected with the outer rotor casing, one end of the outer rotor casing is sleeved on the periphery of the inner rotor shaft through a bearing, the other end of the outer rotor casing is sleeved on the outer rotor shaft, and the outer rotor iron core can rotate along with the rotation of the outer rotor shaft; the outer rotor winding is wound in the outer rotor iron core;
the outer rotor side isolation power supply circuit comprises a primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1, a primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2, a wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC2-AC3, a secondary side rectification circuit AC3-DC2 and an outer rotor controller circuit DC2-AC 4;
the wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC2-AC3 comprises an outer fixed winding and an outer rotating winding which can realize wireless alternating current transmission;
the outer fixed winding is wound on an outer fixed magnetic core arranged on the base, and the outer rotating winding is wound on an outer rotating magnetic core arranged on the outer rotor shell; the outer fixed magnetic core is coaxially positioned at the periphery of the outer rotating magnetic core, and an outer air gap is arranged between the outer fixed magnetic core and the outer rotating magnetic core;
the primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 is provided with two input ends, wherein one input end is directly connected with an external direct current power supply DC after being connected with a capacitor C11 in parallel; the other input end is connected with the capacitor C11 in parallel and then connected with the output end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1, and the input end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC1-DC1 is externally connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply AC;
the output end of the primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 is sequentially connected with the inductor L11 and the outer fixed winding in series;
the input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC3-DC2 are sequentially connected in series with the inductor L12 and the outer rotating winding;
the secondary side rectifying circuit AC3-DC2 is provided with two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the capacitor C14 in parallel and then directly outputs direct current to the rotor winding; the output end of the other path is firstly connected with a capacitor C14 in parallel and then connected with the input end of an external rotor controller circuit DC2-AC4, and the external rotor controller circuit DC2-AC4 realizes three-phase alternating current input to an external rotor winding.
2. The four-quadrant operating electromagnetic clutch of claim 1, wherein: the output end of the primary side inverter circuit DC1-AC2 is connected with the capacitor C12 in parallel, and then is connected with the inductor L11 and the external fixed winding in series; the input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC3-DC2 are sequentially connected with the inductor L12 and the outer rotating winding in series, and further, the input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC3-DC2 are also connected with a capacitor C13 in parallel.
3. The four-quadrant operating electromagnetic clutch of claim 1, wherein: the inner rotor is a permanent magnet inner rotor.
4. The four-quadrant operating electromagnetic clutch of claim 1, wherein: the inner rotor is an electrically excited inner rotor, and the electrically excited inner rotor also comprises an inner rotor winding and an inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit; the inner rotor winding is wound in the inner rotor iron core;
the inner rotor side isolation power supply circuit comprises a primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC3, a primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6, a wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC6-AC7, a secondary side rectification circuit AC7-DC4 and an inner rotor controller circuit DC4-AC 8;
the wireless alternating current transmission magnetic circuit AC6-AC7 comprises an inner fixed winding and an inner rotating winding which can realize wireless alternating current transmission;
the inner fixed winding is wound on an inner fixed magnetic core arranged on the base, and the inner rotating winding is wound on an inner rotating magnetic core arranged on the inner rotor shaft; the inner fixed magnetic core is coaxially positioned at the periphery of the inner rotating magnetic core, and an inner air gap is formed between the inner fixed magnetic core and the inner rotating magnetic core;
the primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6 is provided with two input ends, wherein one input end is directly connected with an external direct current power supply DC after being connected with a capacitor C21 in parallel; the other input end is connected with the capacitor C21 in parallel and then connected with the output end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC3, and the input end of the primary side rectification input circuit AC5-DC3 is externally connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply AC;
the output end of the primary side inverter circuit DC3-AC6 is sequentially connected in series with the inductor L21 and the inner fixed winding;
the input ends of the secondary side rectifying circuits AC7-DC4 are sequentially connected in series with the inductor L22 and the internal rotating winding;
the secondary side rectifying circuit AC7-DC4 is provided with two output ends, wherein one output end is connected with the capacitor C24 in parallel and then directly outputs direct current to the rotor winding; the output end of the other path is firstly connected with a capacitor C24 in parallel and then connected with the input end of an inner rotor controller circuit DC4-AC8, and an outer rotor controller circuit DC4-AC8 realizes three-phase alternating current input to an inner rotor winding.
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| CN202010316960.4A CN111525864B (en) | 2019-07-09 | 2019-07-09 | Operation control method of four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch |
| CN201910614821.7A CN110429793B (en) | 2019-07-09 | 2019-07-09 | Four-quadrant operation electromagnetic clutch and operation control method thereof |
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