CN110429687B - Battery charging management circuit - Google Patents
Battery charging management circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN110429687B CN110429687B CN201910791107.5A CN201910791107A CN110429687B CN 110429687 B CN110429687 B CN 110429687B CN 201910791107 A CN201910791107 A CN 201910791107A CN 110429687 B CN110429687 B CN 110429687B
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to a battery charging management circuit, wherein a first input end of a two-way gate is connected with a first reference voltage output end, and a second input end of the two-way gate is connected with a second reference voltage output end; the gating control signal is a constant voltage charge ending control signal; the positive input end of the first operational amplifier comparator is connected with the output end of the two-way gate, the negative input end of the first operational amplifier comparator is connected with the chip voltage sampling pin, and the output end of the first operational amplifier comparator is connected with the signal output pin; when the voltage of the negative electrode input end reaches or is higher than the voltage of the positive electrode input end, the battery is charged into a constant voltage charging mode, and the state signal output end of the first operational amplifier comparator outputs a constant voltage charging mark signal; the constant voltage charging end control signal generation module comprises a third operational amplifier comparator, a timer and/or a logic processing module, and is used for triggering and outputting a constant voltage charging end control signal based on the voltage of the current sampling pin and the constant voltage charging timing triggered by the output constant voltage charging mark signal.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, and more particularly, to a battery charging management circuit
Background
The lithium battery charging circuit has the characteristics of simple structure, few peripheral components and the like, and is very widely applied. During the charging process, if the charger is not pulled out, the battery will remain charged all the time, except for a small charging current, which is called trickle charging. Since the chemical activity of lithium batteries is very active, it is quite sensitive to the charging environment, and if the state of charge is maintained all the time, the life of lithium batteries is easily shortened, and even safety failure occurs.
The conventional lithium battery charging circuit, as shown in fig. 1, only has simple constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging designs, and the strain capacity is insufficient in the charging process, so that the lithium battery cannot be ensured to avoid the overcharge phenomenon.
Fig. 1 shows only a schematic diagram of the application of the load charging side (secondary side of the transformer), and the control chip 1 includes an operational amplifier CV for constant voltage charging and an operational amplifier CC for constant current charging. Lp and Ls form a transformer, lp is a primary winding, ls is a secondary winding, D1 is a freewheeling diode, C0 is a filter capacitor, R1/C1 forms a power supply network of a chip, R3 and an optocoupler component are used for detecting the voltage of an OUT pin of the chip, the optocoupler is connected to a primary side control side (primary side of the transformer), if the OUT voltage is lower, the optocoupler generates very large current, the primary side only provides little energy, if the OUT voltage is higher, the optocoupler generates very small current, and the primary side provides more energy; R6/R7 forms an output voltage sampling network, C2 is an output capacitor, rload is a load, and R8 is an output current sampling resistor.
The working principle is as follows: when the system is just electrified, the output voltage is lower (but enough to ensure that the control chip can work normally), the voltage detected by the chip voltage sampling pin VS is also lower, and the constant voltage operational amplifier CV output is high, which indicates that constant voltage charging can not be carried out at this time. The primary side of the transformer can provide more energy for secondary load charging, when the output current is overlarge, the voltage of the sampling resistor R8 is large, the constant-current operational amplifier CC can pull down the voltage of the output pin OUT, the optocoupler generates larger current, the primary side can reduce the energy supply, namely the output current can be reduced, at the moment, the voltage of the sampling resistor R8 is reduced, the voltage of the output pin OUT is increased, the optocoupler current is reduced, the primary side provides more energy again, and the output current can be stabilized at a certain value by means of circulation, so that constant-current charging is formed. Along with the charging, the load voltage Uo rises, the voltage of the voltage detection pin VS rises, the constant voltage operational amplifier can pull down the voltage of the output pin OUT, the optocoupler generates larger current, the primary side can reduce the energy supply, the output current can be reduced, and the constant voltage operational amplifier can stabilize the output voltage at a certain value, so that constant voltage charging is formed.
The relation between the output current and the output voltage is shown in fig. 2, the system firstly carries out constant current charging (the area shown as CC in the figure), and the output voltage is gradually increased at the moment; then, constant voltage charging (region shown by CV in the figure) is performed, and the output current gradually decreases. However, in the existing scheme, constant voltage charging is always maintained even though the current gradually decreases, but charging is always performed, which undoubtedly affects the life of the lithium battery, even if overcharge causes a safety failure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery charging management circuit, which monitors charging current after entering a constant-voltage charging stage, controls to finish charging when the charging current is reduced to a preset value, and simultaneously clocks the constant-voltage charging stage through a clock built in a chip, and the charging is forcibly finished after the timing time is reached. Therefore, the control of ending the constant voltage charging is carried out in the two modes, so that the battery can be well protected, the condition of excessive overcharging can not exist any more, and the service life and the service performance of the battery are protected.
To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery charge management circuit, which is used in a chip and includes:
the reference voltage module comprises a first reference voltage output end, a second reference voltage output end, a third reference voltage output end and a fourth reference voltage output end;
the first input end of the two-way gating device is connected with the first reference voltage output end, and the second input end of the two-way gating device is connected with the second reference voltage output end; the gating control signal is a constant voltage charge ending control signal; when the constant voltage charging end control signal is an effective signal, the output end of the two-way gate outputs the voltage signal of the second reference voltage output end; when the constant voltage charging end control signal is an invalid signal, the output end of the two-way gate outputs the voltage signal of the first reference voltage output end;
the positive input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the two-way gate, the negative input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the chip voltage sampling pin, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the signal output pin; when the voltage of the negative electrode input end reaches or is higher than the voltage of the positive electrode input end, the battery is charged into a constant voltage charging mode, and the state signal output end of the first operational amplifier comparator outputs a constant voltage charging mark signal;
the constant voltage charging end control signal generation module comprises a third operational amplifier comparator, a timer and/or logic processing module;
the positive electrode input end of the third operational amplifier comparator is connected with the fourth reference voltage output end, the negative electrode input end of the third operational amplifier comparator is connected with the current sampling pin of the chip, and the output end of the third operational amplifier comparator is connected with the first input end of the OR logic processing module; the third operational amplifier comparator compares the fourth reference voltage output by the fourth reference voltage output end with the voltage of the current sampling pin and outputs a first trigger signal;
the input end of the timer is connected with the state signal output end of the first operational amplifier comparator, and the output end of the timer is connected with the second input end of the OR logic processing module; the timer starts the timer to count according to the effective constant voltage charging sign signal, and outputs a second trigger signal after counting is finished;
and the OR logic processing module executes OR logic on the first trigger signal and the second trigger signal and outputs the constant voltage charging end control signal.
Preferably, the circuit further comprises:
the positive electrode input end of the second operational amplifier is connected with the voltage signal of the third reference voltage output end, the negative electrode input end of the second operational amplifier is connected with the current sampling pin of the chip, and the output end of the second operational amplifier is connected with the signal output pin; when the voltage of the current sampling pin of the chip at the negative electrode input end reaches or is higher than the voltage at the positive electrode input end, the battery is charged into a constant current charging mode.
Preferably, the reference voltage module specifically further includes: a reference voltage source, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor;
the positive electrode of the reference voltage source is connected with the first reference voltage output end;
the first resistor is connected in series between the first reference voltage output end and the second reference voltage output end;
the second resistor is connected in series between the second reference voltage output end and the third reference voltage output end;
the third resistor is connected in series between the third reference voltage output end and the fourth reference voltage output end;
the fourth resistor is connected in series between the fourth reference voltage output end and the ground, and the negative electrode of the reference voltage source is grounded.
Preferably, the voltage value of the first reference voltage output terminal is on the same order of magnitude as the voltage value of the second reference voltage output terminal, and the voltage value of the second reference voltage output terminal is lower than the voltage value of the first reference voltage output terminal by a constant first voltage difference.
Preferably, the voltage value of the third reference voltage output terminal is an order of magnitude higher than the voltage value of the fourth reference voltage output terminal, and the voltage value of the third reference voltage output terminal is a constant second voltage difference higher than the voltage value of the fourth reference voltage output terminal.
According to the battery charging management circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention, after entering the constant-voltage charging stage, the charging current is monitored, when the charging current is reduced to the preset value, the charging is controlled to be ended, meanwhile, the constant-voltage charging stage is timed through the built-in clock of the chip, and the charging is forcedly ended when the timing time is reached. Therefore, the control of ending the constant voltage charging is carried out in the two modes, so that the battery can be well protected, the condition of excessive overcharging can not exist any more, and the service life and the service performance of the battery are protected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging circuit for a lithium battery according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a graph of output current versus output voltage over time for a charging process provided by the prior art;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a battery charge management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a battery charge management circuit, as shown in fig. 3, where the battery charge management circuit is used in a chip and includes: the device comprises a reference voltage module, a two-way selector MUX, a first operational amplifier comparator CV, a second operational amplifier comparator CC and a constant voltage charging end control signal generating module.
The reference voltage module comprises a reference voltage source Vref, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a first reference voltage output end V1, a second reference voltage output end V2, a third reference voltage output end V3 and a fourth reference voltage output end V4.
The positive electrode of the reference voltage source Vref is connected with the first reference voltage output end V1; the first resistor R1 is connected in series between the first reference voltage output end V1 and the second reference voltage output end V2; the second resistor R2 is connected in series between the second reference voltage output end V2 and the third reference voltage output end V3; the third resistor R3 is connected in series between the third reference voltage output end V3 and the fourth reference voltage output end V4; the fourth resistor R4 is connected in series between the fourth reference voltage output terminal V4 and the ground GND, and the negative electrode of the reference voltage source Vref is grounded GND.
In the circuit, the resistance values of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are set so that the voltage value of the first reference voltage output end V1 and the voltage value of the second reference voltage output end V2 are in the same order of magnitude, and the voltage value of the second reference voltage output end V2 is lower than the voltage value of the first reference voltage output end V1 by a constant first voltage difference; the voltage value of the third reference voltage output terminal V3 is higher than the voltage value of the fourth reference voltage output terminal V4 by one order of magnitude, and the voltage value of the third reference voltage output terminal V3 is higher than the voltage value of the fourth reference voltage output terminal V4 by a constant second voltage difference.
The first input end of the two-way selector MUX is connected with a first reference voltage output end V1, and the second input end of the two-way selector MUX is connected with a second reference voltage output end V2; the gating control signal is a constant voltage charge end control signal Shutdown; when the constant voltage charging end control signal Shutdown is an effective signal, the output end of the two-way selector MUX outputs a voltage signal of the second reference voltage output end V2; when the constant voltage charge end control signal Shutdown is an invalid signal, the output terminal of the two-way gate MUX outputs the voltage signal of the first reference voltage output terminal V1.
The positive input end of the first operational amplifier comparator CV is connected with the output end of the two-way gate, the negative input end is connected with the chip voltage sampling pin VS, and the output end is connected with the signal output pin OUT; when the voltage of the negative electrode input end reaches or is higher than the voltage of the positive electrode input end, the battery is charged into a constant voltage charging mode, and the state signal output end of the first operational amplifier comparator outputs a constant voltage charging flag signal CV_flag.
The positive input end of the second operational amplifier CC IS connected with a voltage signal of the third reference voltage output end V3, the negative input end IS connected with a current sampling pin IS of the chip, and the output end IS connected with a signal output pin OUT; when the voltage of the current sampling pin IS of the chip at the negative electrode input end reaches or IS higher than the voltage at the positive electrode input end, the battery IS charged into a constant current charging mode.
The constant voltage charging end control signal generation module comprises a third operational amplifier comparator Finish CMP, a Timer and/OR a logic processing module OR;
the positive input end of the third operational amplifier comparator Finish CMP IS connected with the fourth reference voltage output end V4, the negative input end IS connected with the current sampling pin IS of the chip, and the output end IS connected with the first input end of the logic processing module OR; the third operational amplifier comparator Finish CMP compares the fourth reference voltage output by the fourth reference voltage output end V4 with the voltage of the current sampling pin IS, and outputs a first trigger signal;
the input end of the Timer is connected with the state signal output end of the first operational amplifier comparator, and the output end of the Timer is connected with the second input end of the logic processing module OR; the Timer starts the Timer to count according to the effective constant voltage charging flag signal CV_flag, and outputs a second trigger signal after counting is finished;
the OR logic processing module OR executes OR logic on the first trigger signal and the second trigger signal, and outputs a constant voltage charge end control signal Shutdown.
The above describes the composition of the battery charge management circuit and the connection relation of the components, and the function implementation of the battery charge management is further described below.
In the following description, the valid signal or the invalid signal is represented by a specific high level or a specific low level, and those skilled in the art will understand that in the circuit logic, the valid signal or the valid signal is represented by a high level or a low level, which can be set by those skilled in the art according to the actual circuit structure requirement, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited.
In this example, the voltage at the first reference voltage output terminal V1 is set to 1.2V, the voltage at the second reference voltage output terminal V2 is set to 1.0V, the voltage signal at the third reference voltage output terminal V3 is set to 100mv, and the voltage signal at the fourth reference voltage output terminal V4 is set to 20mv. As described above, these voltage values are used for specific examples only, and the reference voltage values are not limited to be set only as such.
In the initial stage of battery charging, the voltage of the chip voltage sampling pin VS is low, and the output of the first op-amp comparator CV is at a high level, and at this time, the constant voltage charging mode is not entered.
The battery charge management circuit of the present invention is coupled to the peripheral circuit shown in fig. 1, i.e., replaces the control chip 1 in fig. 1. When the voltage of the current sampling pin IS of the chip at the negative input end of the second operational amplifier comparator CC IS higher than the voltage of the positive input end, the voltage of the output pin OUT IS pulled down, the optocoupler generates larger current, the primary side reduces the energy supply, that IS, the output current IS reduced, at the moment, the voltage of the sampling resistor R8 IS reduced, the voltage of the output pin OUT IS increased, the optocoupler current IS reduced, the primary side supplies more energy again, and the output current can be stabilized at a certain value by means of circulation, so that constant-current charging IS formed.
As charging proceeds, the load voltage Uo increases and the voltage of the chip voltage sampling pin VS increases.
Under constant current charging, the constant voltage charging end control signal Shutdown is an invalid signal, and the output end of the two-way selector MUX outputs a voltage signal of the first reference voltage output end V1. Along with constant current charging, the voltage of the chip voltage sampling pin VS can reach or exceed the voltage signal value of the first reference voltage output end V1, at this time, the first operational amplifier comparator CV pulls down the voltage of the output pin OUT, the optocoupler generates larger current, the primary side can reduce the energy supply, the output current can be reduced later, the voltage of the current sampling pin IS smaller than the voltage of the third reference voltage output end V3, the second operational amplifier comparator CC does not act any more, and the first operational amplifier comparator CV stabilizes the output voltage of the output pin OUT at a certain value, thereby forming constant voltage charging.
In the constant voltage charging mode, the constant voltage charging flag signal cv_flag output from the state signal output terminal of the first op-amp comparator CV is an active signal, for example, a high level signal. The signal is input to a Timer, and the Timer is triggered to start timing.
The number of times of counting of the timer Time is preset, for example, set to 150 minutes, for controlling the longest allowable charging Time in entering the constant voltage charging mode. I.e. the time is reached, the Timer outputs a high signal for controlling the end of the charging.
Meanwhile, after entering the constant voltage mode, the charging current IS continuously reduced (for example, reduced to 1/10 of the cross current charging current), the voltage of the current sampling pin IS further reduced, and when the voltage IS smaller than the voltage of the third reference voltage output end V3, the first trigger signal output by the third op amp comparator Finish CMP IS inverted, and IS changed from low level to high level.
The OR logic processing module OR executes OR logic on the first trigger signal output by the third op amp comparator Finish CMP and the second trigger signal output by the timer Time, so that when either of the two trigger signals is high, an effective constant voltage charge end control signal Shutdown is output. In a specific scheme, the OR logic processing module OR may be implemented by an OR gate.
According to the effective signal of the constant voltage charge ending control signal Shutdown, the output end of the two-way gating device MUX outputs the voltage signal of the second reference voltage output end V2, namely the input voltage of the positive electrode input end of the first operational amplifier comparator CV is reduced, the voltage of the chip voltage sampling pin VS is constant and exceeds the voltage of the second reference voltage output end V2, the first operational amplifier comparator CV pulls down the voltage of the output pin OUT, the optocoupler generates larger current, and the primary side of the transformer is controlled not to provide energy to the load, so that the purpose of charge ending is achieved.
According to the battery charging management circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention, after entering the constant-voltage charging stage, the charging current is monitored, when the charging current is reduced to the preset value, the charging is controlled to be ended, meanwhile, the constant-voltage charging stage is timed through the built-in clock of the chip, and the charging is forcedly ended when the timing time is reached. Therefore, the control of ending the constant voltage charging is carried out in the two modes, so that the battery can be well protected, the condition of excessive overcharging can not exist any more, and the service life and the service performance of the battery are protected.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A battery charge management circuit for use in a chip, comprising:
the reference voltage module comprises a first reference voltage output end, a second reference voltage output end, a third reference voltage output end and a fourth reference voltage output end;
the first input end of the two-way gating device is connected with the first reference voltage output end, and the second input end of the two-way gating device is connected with the second reference voltage output end; the gating control signal is a constant voltage charge ending control signal; when the constant voltage charging end control signal is an effective signal, the output end of the two-way gate outputs the voltage signal of the second reference voltage output end; when the constant voltage charging end control signal is an invalid signal, the output end of the two-way gate outputs the voltage signal of the first reference voltage output end;
the positive input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the two-way gate, the negative input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the chip voltage sampling pin, and the output end of the first operational amplifier is connected with the signal output pin; when the voltage of the negative electrode input end reaches or is higher than the voltage of the positive electrode input end, the battery is charged into a constant voltage charging mode, and the state signal output end of the first operational amplifier comparator outputs a constant voltage charging mark signal;
the constant voltage charging end control signal generation module comprises a third operational amplifier comparator, a timer and/or logic processing module;
the positive electrode input end of the third operational amplifier comparator is connected with the fourth reference voltage output end, the negative electrode input end of the third operational amplifier comparator is connected with the current sampling pin of the chip, and the output end of the third operational amplifier comparator is connected with the first input end of the OR logic processing module; the third operational amplifier comparator compares the fourth reference voltage output by the fourth reference voltage output end with the voltage of the current sampling pin and outputs a first trigger signal;
the input end of the timer is connected with the state signal output end of the first operational amplifier comparator, and the output end of the timer is connected with the second input end of the OR logic processing module; the timer starts the timer to count according to the effective constant voltage charging sign signal, and outputs a second trigger signal after counting is finished;
the OR logic processing module executes OR logic on the first trigger signal and the second trigger signal and outputs the constant voltage charging end control signal;
the battery charging management circuit is used for carrying out constant-current charging on the battery in the initial stage of charging the battery, and the constant-voltage charging end control signal is an invalid signal; along with constant current charging, the first operational amplifier comparator stabilizes the output voltage of the signal output pin at a constant value to form constant voltage charging; after entering the constant voltage charging stage, the charging current is monitored, when the charging current is reduced to a preset value, the constant voltage charging end control signal becomes an effective signal, the charging is controlled to be ended, the constant voltage charging stage is timed through the timer, and the charging is forcedly ended when the timing time is reached.
2. The battery charge management circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit further comprises:
the positive electrode input end of the second operational amplifier is connected with the voltage signal of the third reference voltage output end, the negative electrode input end of the second operational amplifier is connected with the current sampling pin of the chip, and the output end of the second operational amplifier is connected with the signal output pin; when the voltage of the current sampling pin of the chip at the negative electrode input end reaches or is higher than the voltage at the positive electrode input end, the battery is charged into a constant current charging mode.
3. The battery charge management circuit of claim 1 wherein the reference voltage module specifically further comprises: a reference voltage source, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor;
the positive electrode of the reference voltage source is connected with the first reference voltage output end;
the first resistor is connected in series between the first reference voltage output end and the second reference voltage output end;
the second resistor is connected in series between the second reference voltage output end and the third reference voltage output end;
the third resistor is connected in series between the third reference voltage output end and the fourth reference voltage output end;
the fourth resistor is connected in series between the fourth reference voltage output end and the ground, and the negative electrode of the reference voltage source is grounded.
4. A battery charge management circuit according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the voltage value of the first reference voltage output terminal is on the same order of magnitude as the voltage value of the second reference voltage output terminal, and the voltage value of the second reference voltage output terminal is lower than the voltage value of the first reference voltage output terminal by a constant first voltage difference.
5. A battery charge management circuit according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the voltage value of the third reference voltage output is an order of magnitude higher than the voltage value of the fourth reference voltage output, and the voltage value of the third reference voltage output is a constant second voltage difference higher than the voltage value of the fourth reference voltage output.
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