CN110426751A - A method of shear wave slowness is predicted using well-log information - Google Patents
A method of shear wave slowness is predicted using well-log information Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness, belong to petroleum well logging technology field.The method, which is led to, constructs a shear wave slowness curve using compressional wave time difference and density in oil reservoir and/or water layer section, and calculates natural gamma relative value using gamma ray log, then establishes the correlativity between natural gamma relative value and shear wave slowness.The present invention predicts the formula of shear wave slowness by establishing using Conventional Logs, realize in office where layer (including oil, gas and water layer) accurately obtains shear wave slowness, and horizontal compressional wave time difference of reflection properties of fluid in bearing stratum is calculated than parameters such as, Poisson's ratio and the Young's modulus, bulk modulus and the modulus of shearing that reflect reservoir rock mechanical property using it, effectively identification gas-bearing formation, the purpose of quantitative assessment reservoir rock mechanical property is furthermore achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum well logging technology field, in particular to a kind of side using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness
Method.
Background technique
Shear wave is the direction of propagation wave vertical with particle vibration direction.Shear wave slowness is for reservoir lithology, fluid identification
With the important parameter of rock mechanics parameters calculating etc., is especially dividing gas, oil (water) layer and calculating rock mechanics parameters
On, the effect of the P-wave And S time difference is particularly important.According to the P-wave And S time difference, reflection properties of fluid in bearing stratum can be calculated
The parameters such as the horizontal compressional wave time difference ratio of (mainly gas and oily (water)) difference, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of bulk compressibility.At the same time it can also count
The parameters such as Young's modulus, modulus of shearing, the bulk modulus of reflection reservoir rock mechanical property are calculated, with the rock of quantitative assessment reservoir
Stone mechanical property provides important basic data for development stimulation selection, Study in Stability of Borehole Wall etc..Under normal conditions, it utilizes
Conventional logger in various types of wells (including prospect pit, evaluation well and development well etc.) can measure a compressional wave time difference
Curve, and the acquisition of shear wave slowness then depends on new technology array sonic log (dipole acoustic logging or sound wave all-wave
Column well logging etc.).Based on the considerations of logging cost and necessity, array acoustic measurement only can be carried out in individual emphasis prospect pits, with
Get shear wave slowness data.This gives utilizes P-wave And S time difference identification gas-bearing formation, evaluation reservoir rock mechanical property in development well
Etc. bringing great challenge.Then, shear wave slowness is predicted by other means, and will be come in conjunction with its compressional wave time difference with measurement
Identification fluid properties are just of great significance with evaluation reservoir rock mechanical property and applied value.
Currently, the prediction technique for shear wave slowness mainly includes two major classes: empirical formula method and Xu-White theory mould
Type method.Empirical formula method is mainly the method for using statistical regression, establishes shear wave slowness and other log datas (including when longitudinal wave
Difference, density etc.) between statistical model, and predict shear wave slowness in other wells using the statistical model.Such method application
Most commonly used is Atlas formula.Xu-White theory pattern law is to combine Gassmann equation and Kuster-
On the basis of Toksoz model and difference EFFECTIVE MEDIUM THEORY (DEM), a kind of prediction argillaceous sandstone stratum longitudinal wave of proposition and
The method of shear wave velocity, on this basis, in conjunction with the relationship between interval transit time and speed, to obtain longitudinal wave and shear wave slowness.
Existing method is existing insufficient in practical applications:
(1) since the parameter for needing to input in empirical formula method includes density, compressional wave time difference, resistivity etc., lead to it only
It can be applied in emphasis well.In most of development well or old well, only measure compressional wave time difference and resistivity curve, without into
Line density measurement, causes it that can not be widely applied.Meanwhile in gas-bearing formation section, since compressional wave time difference and density can all be contained by reservoir
The influence of gas causes similarly to be influenced by gas-bearing formation using the shear wave slowness of its prediction, and prediction result error is larger, is not available.
(2) input parameter required for Xu-White theory pattern law is more, and most of parameter is all difficult to directly acquire,
It needs to be calculated from other data.Lead to that calculation amount is larger, computational efficiency is low and more calculating process increases calculating
As a result multi-solution and error.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness, to solve above-mentioned ask
Topic.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of shear wave slowness is predicted using well-log information, comprising the following steps:
1) data are acquired using logger, obtains the compressional wave time difference and density log curve of reflection formation porosity information
And the Natural Gamma-ray Logging Curves of reflection formation lithology；
2) in oil reservoir and/or water layer section, in conjunction with compressional wave time difference and density log data, a shear wave is calculated using following formula
Time difference DTS curve:
In formula: DTS---- shear wave slowness, μ s/ft；
DT---- compressional wave time difference log value, μ s/ft；
ρb----density log value, g/cm3；
3) the GR log for choosing interval identical as used in step 2), does GR statistic histogram, obtains pure shale
The GR maximum value GR of sectionmaxWith clean sandstone section GR minimum value GRmin；
4) formula is utilizedCalculate natural gamma relative value DGR；
In formula: DGR---- natural gamma relative value, decimal；
GR---- gamma ray log value, API；
GRmin----clean sandstone gamma ray log value, API；
GRmax----pure shale gamma ray log value, API；
5) it is preserved using formula shown in DTSA=a × DGR+b all using the natural gamma relative value DGR calculated
Interval calculates shear wave slowness；All reservoirs include gas, oil and water layer.
In formula: model parameter a---- undetermined；
Model parameter b---- undetermined；
The numerical value of parameter a and b are obtained by oil reservoir and/or water layer section using the shear wave slowness data scaling of step 2) prediction
It arrives；
6) shear wave slowness of prediction and the compressional wave time difference of acquisition are combined, the transverse and longitudinal wave of reflection properties of fluid in bearing stratum difference is obtained
The time difference is than, Poisson's ratio and reflects Young's modulus, bulk modulus and the modulus of shearing parameter of reservoir rock mechanical property.
Further, the result that the compressional wave time difference log value inputted in the step 2) need to be obtained using English unit；Such as
The compressional wave time difference log value of fruit input is to be obtained using metric unit as a result, need to be translated under English unit using following formula
Interval transit time:
DT=DTG/3.281
In formula: DTGAcoustic travel time logging value under ----metric unit, μ s/m.
Further, in the step 2) oil reservoir and water layer determination, depend on test data；At the same time, it needs to infuse
Meaning is that test result is shown as the data of gas-bearing formation and cannot participate in calculating.
Further, the GR maximum value GR of pure shale section is obtained in the step 3)maxWith clean sandstone section GR minimum value GRmin
Method are as follows: the GR log value that will acquire carries out statistics with histogram according to the sequence of numerical value from small to large, chooses histogram or so two
Corresponding GR value is respectively clean sandstone section GR minimum value GR when side frequency is minimumminWith the GR maximum value GR of pure shale sectionmax。
Further, if target interval is without Natural Gamma-ray Logging Curves in the step 3) and step 4), with naturally electric
Position log replaces.
Further, the determination method of parameter a and b are as follows in the step 5):
1. in oil reservoir and/or water layer section, using the natural gamma relative value DGR of calculating as abscissa, to be calculated in step 2)
Shear wave slowness be ordinate do cross plot；
2. the method returned using linear statistical carries out statistical regression to DGR and DTS data, to get parms a's and b
Value.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technical effect:
Method of the present invention can be according to the natural gamma phase of calculating in the case where only Conventional Logs
To value DGR, using formula shown in DTSA=a × DGR+b, at various types of wells (including prospect pit, evaluation well and development well)
All Reservoir Sections (including gas, oil and water layer) in predict shear wave slowness, and calculate reflection reservoir fluid on this basis
The parameter of nature difference and reflection reservoir rock mechanical property.Algorithm is simple, and effect is preferable, is greatly saved exploration cost.
Meanwhile reliable basic data is provided for gas-bearing formation identification and rock mechanics parameters evaluation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram using Conventional Logs prediction shear wave slowness provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the natural gamma statistic histogram that test provided in an embodiment of the present invention is water layer section；
Fig. 3 be natural gamma relative value that test provided in an embodiment of the present invention is oil layer section and water layer section with calculating
Shear wave slowness cross plot；
Fig. 4 is the shear wave slowness of prediction provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the shear wave slowness pair of dipole acoustic logging measurement
Than figure.
Fig. 5 is the transverse and longitudinal wave that the shear wave slowness of combination provided in an embodiment of the present invention prediction and the compressional wave time difference of measurement calculate
The time difference identifies the effect picture of gas-bearing formation than, Poisson's ratio.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is further described:
Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 is please referred to, a method of shear wave slowness is predicted using well-log information, comprising the following steps:
1) data are acquired using logger, obtains the compressional wave time difference and density log curve of reflection formation porosity information
And the Natural Gamma-ray Logging Curves of reflection formation lithology；
2) in oil reservoir and/or water layer section, in conjunction with compressional wave time difference and density log data, a shear wave is calculated using following formula
Time difference DTS curve:
In formula: DTS---- shear wave slowness, μ s/ft；
DT---- compressional wave time difference log value, μ s/ft；
ρb----density log value, g/cm3；
3) the GR log for choosing interval identical as used in step 2), does GR statistic histogram, obtains pure shale
The GR maximum value GR of sectionmaxWith clean sandstone section GR minimum value GRmin；
4) formula is utilizedCalculate natural gamma relative value DGR；
In formula: DGR---- natural gamma relative value, decimal；
GR---- gamma ray log value, API；
GRmin----clean sandstone gamma ray log value, API；
GRmax----pure shale gamma ray log value, API；
5) it is preserved using formula shown in DTSA=a × DGR+b all using the natural gamma relative value DGR calculated
Interval calculates shear wave slowness；All reservoirs include gas, oil and water layer.
In formula: model parameter a---- undetermined；
Model parameter b---- undetermined；
The numerical value of parameter a and b are obtained by oil reservoir and/or water layer section using the shear wave slowness data scaling of step 2) prediction
It arrives；
6) shear wave slowness of prediction and the compressional wave time difference of acquisition are combined, the transverse and longitudinal wave of reflection properties of fluid in bearing stratum difference is obtained
The time difference is than, Poisson's ratio and reflects Young's modulus, bulk modulus and the modulus of shearing parameter of reservoir rock mechanical property.
The result that the compressional wave time difference log value inputted in the step 2) need to be obtained using English unit；If input is vertical
Wave time difference log value is to be obtained using metric unit as a result, when need to be translated into the sound wave under English unit using following formula
Difference:
DT=DTG/3.281
In formula: DTGAcoustic travel time logging value under ----metric unit, μ s/m.
The determination of oil reservoir and water layer in the step 2) depends on test data；At the same time, it should be noted that test
It cannot participate in calculating for the data of gas-bearing formation as the result is shown.
The GR maximum value GR of pure shale section is obtained in the step 3)maxWith clean sandstone section GR minimum value GRminMethod are as follows: will
The GR log value of acquisition carries out statistics with histogram according to the sequence of numerical value from small to large, and it is minimum to choose histogram the right and left frequency
When corresponding GR value be respectively clean sandstone section GR minimum value GRminWith the GR maximum value GR of pure shale sectionmax。
If target interval is without Natural Gamma-ray Logging Curves, with nutural potential logging curve in the step 3) and step 4)
Instead of.
The determination method of parameter a and b are as follows in the step 5):
1. in oil reservoir and/or water layer section, using the natural gamma relative value DGR of calculating as abscissa, to be calculated in step 2)
Shear wave slowness be ordinate do cross plot；
2. the method returned using linear statistical carries out statistical regression to DGR and DTS data, to get parms a's and b
Value.
Horizontal compressional wave time difference ratio, Poisson's ratio and the reflection reservoir rock of reflection properties of fluid in bearing stratum difference are calculated in the step 6)
The institution of higher education that the method for the parameters such as Young's modulus, bulk modulus and the modulus of shearing of stone mechanical property is write according to Chu Zehan etc.
Method described in 225-242 pages carries out in petroleum gas class programming textbook " Log Methods and principle ".
Embodiment 1:
For the present invention by taking long 8 reservoirs of the Western Ordos Basin Pengyang area Triassic system as an example, specific embodiment is as follows:
Referring to Fig. 1, a method of shear wave slowness is predicted using Conventional Logs, is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1: using the interval transit time of conventional logging apparatus measures for metric system due in all prospect pits of this area
Unit, so first with formula DT=DTG/ 3.281 convert the interval transit time of measurement to the interval transit time of English unit.
Step 2: in conjunction with formation testing and test data, select respectively 3 mouthfuls of tests be oil reservoir and 2 mouthfuls test be water layer well, In
Test zone utilizes formulaCalculate shear wave slowness.
Step 3: reading gamma ray log value, and do gamma ray log in interval identical with above-mentioned test zone
Data statistics histogram, as a result as shown in Figure 2.Read natural gal corresponding to the left side and the right frequency lowest part on the histogram
Horse value 40API and 150API, are assigned a value of GR respectivelymin=40API, GRmax=150API.The GR that will acquireminAnd GRmaxValue substitutes into
To formulaNatural gamma relative value is calculated using gamma ray log value.
Step 4: step 2 shear wave slowness calculated and step 3 natural gamma relative value calculated are handed over
Meeting obtains oil layer section and water layer section natural gamma relative value and shear wave slowness cross plot as shown in Figure 3.And use statistical regression
Method, fitting obtains the value of parameter a and b in shear wave slowness prediction model.
The prediction model of the shear wave slowness specifically:
DTSA=a × DGR+b
In formula: model parameter a---- undetermined；
Model parameter b---- undetermined.
The value of the model parameter a and b are as follows: a=-27.75, b=151.5.
Step 5: b=151.5 substitutes into the shear wave slowness prediction model by model parameter a=-27.75, it is utilized
Conventional Logs predict the model of shear wave slowness, specifically:
DTSA=-27.75 × DGR+151.5
It will be updated in a bite prospect pit in Pengyang area, counted using shear wave slowness predictor formula provided in an embodiment of the present invention
The shear wave slowness DTSA of reservoir different depth is calculated, and utilizes it and in corresponding depth the cross of array acoustic well logger device acquisition
The wave time difference, DTS was compared, and effect is as shown in Figure 4.Effect picture shown in Fig. 4 is divided into five, includes for first in figure
Gamma ray curve (GR), spontaneous potential curve (SP) and well curve (CAL)；Second is array induction resistivity curve；
Third road includes density log (DEN) curve, neutron well logging (CNL) curve and acoustic travel time logging (AC) curve；In 4th
DTSA is the shear wave slowness obtained using calculation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and DTS is to utilize array acoustic well logger device
The shear wave slowness of measurement.It is reservoir sand shale lithological profile described in 5th.It can be seen from the figure that utilizing the embodiment of the present invention
Shear wave slowness of the shear wave slowness DTSA that the method for offer calculates close to actual measurement.This explanation, is mentioned using the embodiment of the present invention
The shear wave slowness prediction technique of confession can obtain the true shear wave slowness value on stratum directly from Conventional Logs.
Step 6: utilizing Chu in conjunction with the compressional wave time difference of the shear wave slowness and conventional logging apparatus measures predicted in step 5
225-242 pages of institute in institution of higher education's petroleum gas class programming textbook " Log Methods and principle " that pool culvert etc. is write
The method stated calculates the parameters such as horizontal compressional wave time difference ratio, the Poisson's ratio of reflection properties of fluid in bearing stratum difference and reflection reservoir rock
The parameters such as Young's modulus, bulk modulus and the modulus of shearing of mechanical property.
Fig. 5 is that the test of Pengyang area is in the well of gas-bearing formation, when predicting shear wave using method shown in the embodiment of the present invention
Difference, and horizontal, compressional wave time difference is combined to calculate the ginseng such as horizontal compressional wave time difference ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, bulk modulus and modulus of shearing
Several application examples.DTR and POIS shown in the 5th and the 6th is respectively the cross for utilizing the P-wave And S time difference to calculate in figure
Compressional wave time difference ratio and Poisson's ratio curve.7th includes modulus of shearing (JQML), bulk modulus (TJML) and the Young mould calculated
Measure (YSML) curve.The well shows 4.11 ten thousand side of daily gas in the test result of 2238-2240 meters of well sections, produces 0 side of water, test daily
For gas-bearing formation.The method according to embodiments of the present invention, calculates the transverse and longitudinal of 2238-2241.5 meters He 2251-2274 meters of well sections
Wave time difference ratio is significantly lower than 1.8, and Poisson's ratio is significantly lower than 0.28, and synthesis is designated as gas-bearing formation, consistent with test result.This is adequately
Demonstrate the reliability of method shown in the embodiment of the present invention.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness, which comprises the following steps:
1) using logger acquire data, obtain reflection formation porosity information compressional wave time difference and density log curve and
Reflect the Natural Gamma-ray Logging Curves of formation lithology；
2) in oil reservoir and/or water layer section, in conjunction with compressional wave time difference and density log data, a shear wave slowness is calculated using following formula
DTS curve:
In formula: DTS---- shear wave slowness, μ s/ft；
DT---- compressional wave time difference log value, μ s/ft；
ρb----density log value, g/cm3；
3) the GR log for choosing interval identical as used in step 2), does GR statistic histogram, obtains pure shale section
GR maximum value GRmaxWith clean sandstone section GR minimum value GRmin；
4) formula is utilizedCalculate natural gamma relative value DGR；
In formula: DGR---- natural gamma relative value, decimal；
GR---- gamma ray log value, API；
GRmin----clean sandstone gamma ray log value, API；
GRmax----pure shale gamma ray log value, API；
5) using the natural gamma relative value DGR calculated, using formula shown in DTSA=a × DGR+b, in all reservoirs
Calculate shear wave slowness；All reservoirs include gas, oil and water layer；
In formula: model parameter a---- undetermined；
Model parameter b---- undetermined；
The numerical value of parameter a and b are obtained by oil reservoir and/or water layer section using the shear wave slowness data scaling of step 2) prediction；
6) shear wave slowness of prediction and the compressional wave time difference of acquisition are combined, the horizontal compressional wave time difference of reflection properties of fluid in bearing stratum difference is obtained
Than, Poisson's ratio and reflect Young's modulus, bulk modulus and the modulus of shearing parameter of reservoir rock mechanical property.
2. a kind of method using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
The result that rapid 2) the middle compressional wave time difference log value inputted need to be obtained using English unit；If the compressional wave time difference log value of input is
Using metric unit acquisition as a result, the interval transit time under English unit need to be translated into using following formula:
DT=DTG/3.281
In formula: DTGAcoustic travel time logging value under ----metric unit, μ s/m.
3. a kind of method using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
It is rapid 2) in oil reservoir and water layer determination, depend on test data；At the same time, it should be noted that test result is shown as gas-bearing formation
Data cannot participate in calculating.
4. a kind of method using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Rapid 3) the middle GR maximum value GR for obtaining pure shale sectionmaxWith clean sandstone section GR minimum value GRminMethod are as follows: the GR log value that will acquire
Statistics with histogram, selection histogram the right and left frequency GR value corresponding when minimum are carried out according to the sequence of numerical value from small to large
Respectively clean sandstone section GR minimum value GRminWith the GR maximum value GR of pure shale sectionmax。
5. a kind of method using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
It is rapid 3) and step 4) in if target interval is replaced without Natural Gamma-ray Logging Curves with nutural potential logging curve.
6. a kind of method using well-log information prediction shear wave slowness according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
It is rapid 5) in parameter a and b determination method it is as follows:
1. in oil reservoir and/or water layer section, using the natural gamma relative value DGR of calculating as abscissa, with the cross calculated in step 2)
The wave time difference is that ordinate does cross plot；
2. the method returned using linear statistical carries out statistical regression to DGR and DTS data, with the value of get parms a and b.
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