CN110424041A - A kind of modulated modified surface preparation method for being used to strengthen boiling - Google Patents
A kind of modulated modified surface preparation method for being used to strengthen boiling Download PDFInfo
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- CN110424041A CN110424041A CN201910535362.3A CN201910535362A CN110424041A CN 110424041 A CN110424041 A CN 110424041A CN 201910535362 A CN201910535362 A CN 201910535362A CN 110424041 A CN110424041 A CN 110424041A
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001652 electrophoretic deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- DFUYAWQUODQGFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane Chemical compound CCOC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F DFUYAWQUODQGFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/12—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process characterised by the article coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/20—Pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of quasi- modification composite surface preparation method for disclosing enhanced boiling heat transfer of the present invention.The composite surface is staggered by nano particle porous coating-smooth block, i.e., one layer of nano particle porous coating and the smooth surface exposed in remaining interlaced area containing bore diameter gradient is covered in specified interlaced area, with enhanced boiling heat transfer.The feature of the composite surface can be by mask design, granular size, and coating layer thickness etc. is further regulated and controled.For enhanced boiling heat transfer, on the one hand the porous coating block of the composite structure surface can provide more effectively vaporization nucleus calculations, on the other hand the fluid infusion ability on surface can be obviously improved, and compared with the resistance that reduction air pocket or gas block are detached from from smooth domain under high heat flux density, to reduce the boiling starting degree of superheat, significant increase boiling heat transfer coefficient, and strengthen critical heat flux quantity simultaneously.For different working medium, such as water and super wetting fluid (such as global warming potential lower environmentally friendly fluid HFE-7200, NOVEC-649), strengthening effect is obvious.Meanwhile should preparation method is simple, cost is relatively low and is suitable for plane and relatively regular curved surface, provide possibility for its industrial application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to enhanced heat exchange and field of energy-saving technology and electronic device thermal control fields, and in particular to a kind of porous
The enhanced boiling heat transfer piece of coating surface and smooth surface interlaced arrangement, by carrying out to surface, selectivity is modified to reach effectively strong
Change the effect of boiling heat transfer.
Background technique
Various countries' energy distant view and related energy white paper emphasize to be promoted energy efficiency and energy conservation and environmental protection all to realize low-carbon energy
Source economy reduces greenhouse gases and dust emission.Boiling heat transfer has bigger because discharging latent heat of phase change compared with single-phase heat transfer
Thermal heat transfer capability, and heat transfer temperature difference is lower, in steam-electric power, sea water desalination, Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning, electrical cooling, petrochemical industry,
Have in UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and renewable energy system and is extremely widely applied.Boiling heat transfer is a kind of very universal and more efficient
Energy delivery mechanism, the standard for measuring its validity mainly have critical heat flux density and heat transfer coefficient.In industrial application, such as
In the cooling of nuclear fuel rod and electronic device, the particularly importantly limitation of critical heat flux density: reaches face on the heat transmission surface
After boundary's heat flow density, it will lead to surface heat transfer and sharply deteriorate, wall surface temperature rises sharply and most probably burns surface.And face not up to
Nucleate boiling region before boundary's heat flow density, it is heat conduction reinforced heating surface to be maintained at phase under given heat flow density
To lower temperature, or required heat transfer area is reduced to keep heat exchange equipment more compact.
The validity of above-mentioned boiling phase-change heat transfer is heavily dependent on the physicochemical characteristic of heat exchange surface, especially surface
Roughness, porosity, wetability and surface topography etc., and changed by that can be significantly changed in heat exchange surface processing micro/nano structure
The physicochemical characteristic of hot surface.In boiling phase-change heat transfer, surface is micro-/and micro-nano structure can significantly change the boiling starting of heating surface
The disengaging frequency of the degree of superheat, nucleation site density and bubble and equivalent detachment frequency etc., to influence the overall effect of heat transfer.
Regulate and control in the wettability of modified surface the imbibition ability and fluid infusion ability of changeable boiling surface to working fluid simultaneously.
In addition, bubble dynamics and unstability wavelength under the conditions of the modified also controllable higher hot-fluid in surface, and then regulate and control critical
Heat flow density.
Therefore, this method proposes that a kind of mode of porous coating-matrix smooth surface interlaced arrangement is modified surface,
On the one hand a large amount of nucleus of boiling is provided under lower heat flow density and the boiling starting degree of superheat is effectively reduced, promotes boiling heat transfer
Coefficient, the capillary on the other hand enhancing surface soak fluid infusion ability, air pocket or air parcel are promoted to be rapidly separated from smooth domain, drop
Low unstability wavelength, and then promote critical heat flux quantity.The wherein mode of particle deposition proposed adoption electrophoretic deposition, sets without large size
Standby, processing cost is lower, with good application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of staggered modified composite surface of porous coating-smooth surface, to have
Effect strengthens the boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux quantity of heating surface, to significantly improve energy efficiency and meet high power electronic
The radiating requirements of component.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
(1) geometry and size of exposure mask are rationally designed.Mask dimensions are to rely on matrix overall dimensions, are existed with working medium
The bubble departure diameter of matrix surface is related.Detachment frequency of the different working medium on different smooth substrate surfaces is not quite similar.Design
Exposure mask will ensure that the width of smooth block is about working medium at 0.5 to 1.0 times of detachment frequency of smooth substrate surface.Adjacent light
By interlaced arrangement porous coating between the block of skating area.The width of porous coating can be roughly the same with the width of smooth block, also about work
Matter is at 0.5 to 1.0 times of detachment frequency of smooth substrate surface, but the two is not necessarily to keep equal.Correspondingly, adjacent light
It is straight that the pitch between pitch or adjacent porous coating block between the block of skating area is about disengaging of the working medium on smooth substrate surface
1.0 to 2.0 times of diameter.Likewise, it is not absolutely required to keep equal for the two pitch.
(2) after mask film covering, the ascending nano particle of size is sequentially depositing using electrophoretic deposition, but need preferably
Control the deposition thickness of each nano particle.It is received needed for can relatively accurately being calculated according to the size of matrix and required deposition thickness
The volume of the quality of rice grain or the nano-fluid containing certain density this kind of nano particle.Nano particle is not required for
It is spherical.Small nanotube particle size is about in 10nm between 50nm.Medium-sized nano particle is in 100nm between 200nm.It is relatively large
Granular size it is reducible in 500nm between 1000nm.The particle of every class size is in surface more uniform deposition layer 2-3 particle.
(3) annealing is to improve coating stability: the surface prepared being placed in sintering furnace or hot plate, temperature is maintained to exist
One to two hour between 300-500 DEG C
The substrate smooth surface can be the metal or metal alloy of unlike material, such as copper, stainless steel, aluminium.
The invention has the benefit that
The present invention uses nano particle porous coating-staggered design method of the smooth block of substrate, can be effectively strong
Change boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux.Nano particle porous coating block can have been promoted greatly under lower heat flow density
Nucleus of boiling number is imitated, and reduces the wall superheat degree of onset of boiling, while strong compared with porous coating energy under high heat flux density
Change capillary wick constantly to soak heating surface, to delay to dry up.And smooth domain then provides gas under higher heat flux and escapes
Ease channel.The minute bubbles that porous coating surface generates migrate to smooth block and are fused into larger bubble due to pressure difference, thus plus
Fast air bubble growth and disengaging.In addition, under higher heat flux, the staggered mode of the smooth block of porous coating-is by Effective Regulation
The helmholtz instability critical wavelength of boiling surface, to achieve the effect that strengthen critical heat flux density.
In addition, the preparation method is more simple and easy, large-scale costly apparatuses and equipments are not necessarily to, provide possibility for its industrial applications.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is composite surface preparation flow schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the simplification version modified surface of embodiment, single particle porous coating-smooth block bar shaped intervening surface: (a)
Modified surface schematic diagram and SEM figure, (b) modified surface and smooth surface HFE-7200 boiling curve compare.
Fig. 3 is that the smooth block intervening surface of porous coating-regulates and controls instability wavelength to strengthen critical heat flux density schematic diagram
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
(1) surface preparation: select diameter 12mm copper billet as substrate, successively with 220 mesh, 600 mesh, 1000 mesh,
The sand paper of 1500 mesh and 2000 mesh first presses track " 8 " polishing surface, so that surfacing, single respectively then in two orthogonal directions
To polishing 20-30 times.Then it is cleaned by ultrasonic respectively in acetone and alcohol, is finally rinsed and dried up with deionized water.It beats
The roughness Ra value of smooth surface after mill is about in 100nm between 200nm.
(2) preparation of nano fluid: 3 kinds of various sizes of metal or metal alloy nano particles of purchase, it is respectively small-sized to receive
Rice grain (about 10-50nm), medium-sized nano particle (about 100-200nm) and relatively large particle (about 500-1000nm), respectively
Configuration water-based nano-fluid is matched by calculating, and ultrasonic water bath 2 hours, particle and deionized water is sufficiently mixed, to obtain respectively
Obtain 3 kinds of nano-fluids of 20mg/mL.
(3) make exposure mask: being staggered on substrate smooth surface with bar shaped with the double faced adhesive tape of width W1 about 1-2mm or
Tessellate is arranged in a crisscross, and porous coating block width W2 is between 1-2mm.
(4) prepare nanoparticle coating: metal or metal alloy nano particle has positive charge, therefore handles through above-mentioned steps
The metal substrate surface crossed can be used as cathode and match another and consistent copper sheet of substrate surface size as anode.Between two electrodes
Away from about 5 centimetres, and full ethyl alcohol is set in centre, as shown in Figure 1.Take 5-10 μ L prepared containing small nanotube with high-precision pipettor
The nano-fluid of grain uniformly instills ethyl alcohol dropwise.Apply 9.5V DC voltage between two electrodes, electrophoretic deposition 30 minutes to ensure
Nano particle approaches uniformity is deposited on target surface.Then electrophoretic deposition is sequentially depositing medium-sized nano particle and relatively large according to this
Particle.Ethyl alcohol raffinate is removed, after surface is dried, the careful exposure mask that removes is to expose smooth part, to form porous coating-light
The modified surface of skating area block interlaced arrangement.
(5) enhancing structure intensity and stability: the surface prepared is placed in sintering furnace, maintains 350 DEG C one of temperature
To two hours.
Fig. 2 (a) illustrates modified surface prepared by the simplification version of above-described embodiment, i.e., only with a kind of medium-sized nanometer
Particle (the ormolu nano particle of 100nm), and it is reduced to porous coating-staggered arrangement mode of smooth domain bar shaped.Such as
Shown in Fig. 2 (b) boiling curve, compared with smooth surface, the modified surface energy enhanced boiling heat transfer coefficient 60%, while strengthening and facing
Boundary's heat flow density is up to 40%.
Fig. 3 is the mechanism schematic diagram that modified surface shown in the present invention strengthens critical heat flux density.Pass through porous coating and light
The staggered mode of skating area block, under high heat flux density, with the helmholtz instability of regulation (reduction) vapour-liquid phase interface
Wavelength, to achieve the effect that strengthen critical heat flux density.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of modification composite surface preparation method of enhanced boiling heat transfer, which is characterized in that first in smooth metal or metal
Layer overlay exposure mask on the specified region of alloy surface, such as adhesive tape or the grid of 3 D-printing etc.；The width of article tape is passed
The size of grid is designed main according to different working medium；Secondly different rulers are successively plated by electrophoretic deposition on a surface
Very little nano particle, to form nano particle porous coating；The coating approximately forms one on perpendicular to smooth surface direction
Bore diameter gradient, i.e., at smooth surface, the nano particle of deposition is small, closer to the upper surface of porous nano coating, deposition
Nano particle it is bigger；Then, exposure mask is gone from surface divided by the portion smooth surface covered by it is exposed, to be formed
The staggered composite surface of porous coating-smooth domain；Staggered form can there are many variations, such as bar shaped to interlock
Arrangement or tessellate crisscross arrangement etc.；Nano particle porous coating is full of nanoscale to micron-sized hole, particularly with
It for super wetting fluid working medium, on the one hand can make smooth starting of boiling, enough nucleus of boiling are provided, to reduce boiling
The problem of originating the degree of superheat and inhibiting boiling front and back thermal gradient model；On the other hand, under high heat flux density, porous coating surface and
The liquid-vaqor interface that inside is formed will generate capillary force, pass through the hole interconnected with induced fluid and constantly soak heating surface
It is evaporated heat exchange；Meanwhile smooth domain bubble departure diameter is greater than porous coating region, porous coating region bubble is smaller,
Bubble internal pressure is higher, and smooth domain bubble is larger, and bubble internal pressure is relatively low, and bubble is detached from front and back liquid in addition
Microconvection so that the minute bubbles of porous zone merge the larger bubble with smooth domain, and accelerates to be detached from smooth surface；Therefore
Under larger heat flow density, by the rapid fluid replacement and smooth surface air pocket of porous coating or being rapidly separated for air parcel, to mention
Critical heat flux quantity is risen, generating surface dry combustion method phenomenon is delayed.
2. a kind of composite surface preparation method of enhanced boiling heat transfer according to claim 1, feature includes following step
It is rapid:
(1) it Treatment of Metal Surface: is successively polished surface with the sand paper of different meshes；Then successively surpassed in acetone and alcohol
Sound cleaning, is finally rinsed and is dried up with deionized water；
(2) mask film covering on smooth surface；Compare there are two types of easy modes: 1. cloth insertion sheet is cut into the item of specified size
Line and by this by parallel striped interlock in a manner of or be sticked on smooth surface by the tessellate mode of interlocking, the striped size and item of adhesive plaster
Line pitch is designed according to bubble departure diameter；2. printing the lattice for designing size by the method for 3 D-printing
Grid are designed with being used as exposure mask, corresponding grid size and pitch according to bubble departure diameter；In this step, and it is different
Surely it needs that nonopiate staggered pattern can also be used using orthogonal staggered mode；
(3) nanoparticle coating is deposited in metal surface using electrophoretic deposition；Contain small nanotube for a certain amount of first
The nanoparticles solution (nano-fluid, colloid) of grain is dripped between two electrodes, and applies electric field, by small nanotube under electric field action
Particle (10-50nm) is deposited to smooth surface；Then using same method successively by medium-sized nano particle (100-200nm) and
Relatively large particle (500-1000nm) deposits in order, to be upwardly formed particle size step, Yi Jikong in vertical surface side
Gap or bore diameter gradient；
(4) exposure mask is removed to expose smooth surface portion；Adhesive tape is removed or removes grid；
(5) enhancing structure intensity and stability: the surface prepared is placed on sintering by the method for taking annealing enhancing mechanical strength
In furnace or hot plate, maintain temperature one to two hour between 300-500 DEG C.
3. commercialized nanometer stream both can be used in the step of composite surface preparation method as described in claim 2 (3)
Body, and the nano-fluid voluntarily prepared can be used to be sufficiently mixed that is, by a certain amount of nano particle and deionized water sonic oscillation
；Electric current uses DC power supply in electrophoretic deposition process, and voltage is controllable, and sedimentation time is controllable, but must ensure in solution almost
All nano particles are deposited on target surface；The nanoparticle coating thickness depends on nano-particle diameter and is deposited
Nanoparticle mass, it is proposed that total coating layer thickness is no more than 5 microns；Meanwhile the electrical property of nano particle itself determines target surface
As cathode or anode.
4. another variation of the step of composite surface preparation method as described in claim 2 (3) is as follows, will be a certain amount of
Small nanotube particle (10-50nm), medium-sized nano particle (100-200nm) and relatively large particle (500-1000nm) add simultaneously
Enter in deionized water, and sonic oscillation is to form water-based nano-fluid；Then using electrophoretic deposition that these three are of different sizes
Nano particle be disposably deposited on the matrix surface of mask film covering；Deposited particles are piled up than more random in this variation,
Not like described in claim 2, step (3) is so regular, but the disposable deposition of this variation is compared with the deposition three times in step (3)
Required time cost is lower.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115451750A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-09 | 安徽工业大学 | Passive grid microstructure for enhancing boiling heat transfer |
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| CN106400067A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-15 | 中山大学 | Single-layer micro-nano double-scale enhanced boiling heat transfer copper surface structure and preparing method thereof |
| CN106868570A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-06-20 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of metal surface modifying device |
| CN106906510A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-06-30 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of modified preparation facilities of workpiece local surfaces |
| CN108671972A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-10-19 | 广东工业大学 | The preparation method and Preparation equipment of metal-surface nano structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115451750A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-09 | 安徽工业大学 | Passive grid microstructure for enhancing boiling heat transfer |
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