CN110416578A - Humidifying method, computer equipment and the storage medium of fuel cell - Google Patents
Humidifying method, computer equipment and the storage medium of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN110416578A CN110416578A CN201910105311.7A CN201910105311A CN110416578A CN 110416578 A CN110416578 A CN 110416578A CN 201910105311 A CN201910105311 A CN 201910105311A CN 110416578 A CN110416578 A CN 110416578A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of humidifying method of fuel cell, computer equipment and storage mediums.Humidifying method includes: the output current density for periodically acquiring fuel cell；Output current density is compared with the first current density threshold and the second current density threshold, judges current density section locating for output current density；When output current density is less than or equal to the first current density threshold, it is humidified using cathode recirculating system to fuel cell；When output current density is greater than the first current density threshold and when less than the second current density threshold, it is humidified using anode recirculation system to fuel cell, when output current density is greater than or equal to the second current density threshold, it is humidified using cathode of the humidifier to fuel cell, and is humidified using anode of the anode recirculation system to fuel cell；Wherein, the first current density threshold is less than the second current density threshold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells technical field more particularly to a kind of humidifying method of fuel cell,
Computer equipment and storage medium.
Background technique
Global Oil resource is increasingly depleted at present, and the environmental problems such as greenhouse effects are further severe.With traditional combustion engine, electronic
The power sources such as machine are compared, and fuel cell has great advantage in power density and environmental-friendly degree.Fuel cell is a kind of electricity
Chemical energy can be converted directly into electric energy by chemical devices.Since the conversion process of energy of fuel cell is not limited by Carnot cycle,
Its energy conversion efficiency is higher.In fuel cell operations, the fuel of consumption is hydrogen, and reaction product is water, noxious emission
Object is zero, so being one of most clean energy.
Only fuel cell main body can't work, and fuel cell main body must have a set of corresponding auxiliary system.Fuel
The system that battery body and its auxiliary system collectively constitute is known as fuel battery engines.Fuel battery engines are in addition to fuel electricity
Pond sheet is external, further includes the accessory systems such as hydrogen gas system, air system, cooling system, power range system and control system.Hydrogen
Gas system, which is mainly responsible for, provides hydrogen supply for the reaction pile in fuel cell main body, needs to adjust entrance according to operating condition
React Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, humidity and the flow etc. of pile.Air system is then to provide suitable oxidant i.e. air for reaction pile,
It needs to adjust temperature, pressure and the flow of air etc. for entering reaction pile according to operating condition.Cooling system is then followed by coolant
The mode of ring makes stack temperature keep proper level, guarantees the reaction reliable and stable work of pile.Power range system then passes through
DC/DC device come adjust reaction pile output voltage and electric current size and rate of change.Control system is entire fuel electricity
" brain " of pond dynamical system optimizes control to the subsystems of reaction pile periphery by it, so that at reaction pile
In optimum Working, guarantee reaction pile long time stability operation.
Into the air or hydrogen of fuel cell reaction pile, overdrying or overly moist to proton exchange membrane and fuel cell sheet
Body can all have adverse effect on, therefore it is most important for the efficiency of fuel cell and performance to be humidified.Fuel electricity at present
The humidification in pond is broadly divided into two major classes: one kind is humidified using external humidification device；Another kind of is to be humidified certainly.From humidification in low current
It can guarantee the reasonable wetting of film under density, but under high current density, be easy to appear humidifying capacity deficiency, cause film is dry to show
As.External humidification device is able to satisfy the wetting of high current density lower film, but volume is larger, and power consumption is higher, and response speed is also relatively slow,
Cold starting performance is poor.It is also single use external humidification device humidification as it can be seen that no matter being single use from humidification, all cannot achieve
The optimal humidification of fuel cell under any circumstance.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to aiming at the problem that cannot achieve the optimal humidification of fuel cell under any circumstance, provide one
Humidifying method, computer equipment and the storage medium of kind fuel cell.
The present invention provides a kind of humidifying methods of fuel cell, comprising:
Periodically acquire the output current density of the fuel cell；
The output current density is compared with the first current density threshold and the second current density threshold, judges institute
State current density section locating for output current density；
When determining that the output current density is less than or equal to first current density threshold, recycled using cathode
System is humidified to the cathode of the fuel cell；
When the judgement output current density is greater than first current density threshold and is less than second current density
When threshold value, it is humidified using anode of the anode recirculation system to the fuel cell；
When determining that the output current density is greater than or equal to second current density threshold, using humidifier to institute
The cathode for stating fuel cell is humidified, and is increased using the anode recirculation system to the anode of the fuel cell
It is wet；
Wherein, first current density threshold is less than second current density threshold.
It is described in one of the embodiments, to be carried out using cathode of the cathode recirculating system to the fuel cell
Humidification, comprising:
The cathode reaction gas that will be discharged by cathode exhaust vent is pumped by the cathode circulation in the cathode recirculating system
Body is pumped into cathode inlet mouth, is humidified with the cathode to the fuel cell.
In one of the embodiments, it is described by the cathode reaction gas being discharged by cathode exhaust vent be pumped into cathode into
Before port, the humidifying method further include:
According to the averaged reference voltage of monolithic under current output current density, the reference current for obtaining the fuel cell is close
Degree；
According to the reference current density, determine corresponding with the reference current density with reference to fresh air excess system
Number；
The air needed according to the air capacity and fuel cell recycled with reference to fresh air excess coefficient, cathode
Amount, determines the revolving speed of air compressor machine.
The humidifying method in one of the embodiments, further include: according to the reference current density, determine the yin
The reference motor speed of motor in the circulating pump of pole；
According to cathode outlet pressure reference value, the aperture reference value of counterbalance valve is determined.
The humidifying method in one of the embodiments, further include:
According to the reference current density and the monolithic number of the fuel cell, calculates and refer to cathode inlet total flow；
It calculates and described multiplies with reference to fresh air excess coefficient and the product with reference to cathode inlet total flow, and by described
Product is as with reference to FAI Fresh Air Intake amount.
It is described in one of the embodiments, to be increased using anode of the anode recirculation system to the fuel cell
It is wet, comprising:
The purging that signal is controlled according to the hydrogen flowing quantity provided in hydrogen gas system, for controlling the purging of hydrogen tail valve accounts for
It is empty than and the fuel cell anode inlet goal pressure, determine the spray for controlling the injection electromagnetic valve in hydrogen gas system
Penetrate the injection duty ratio of control signal；
By controlling the revolving speed of the anode circulation pump and the injection duty ratio of the injection control signal, to the fuel
The anode of battery is humidified.
It is described in one of the embodiments, to be humidified using cathode of the humidifier to the fuel cell, packet
It includes:
Water temperature by controlling the humidifier controls the cathode humidity of the fuel cell.
The humidifying method in one of the embodiments, further include:
According to average monolithic voltage, temperature and the output current density of the fuel cell of acquisition, the fuel is determined
The cathode inlet humidity reference value of battery；
According to the cathode inlet humidity reference value, the cathode inlet total flow of the fuel cell is determined.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of computer equipment, the computer equipment packets
Memory and processor are included, the computer program that can be run on a processor is stored on the memory, the processor is held
The step of realizing humidifying method described in any of the above-described embodiment when the row computer program.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of readable storage medium storing program for executing, are stored thereon with calculating
The step of machine program, the computer program realizes humidifying method described in any of the above-described embodiment when being executed by processor.
To sum up, the present invention provides a kind of humidifying method of fuel cell, computer equipment and storage mediums.The humidification
Method includes: to periodically acquire the output current density of the fuel cell；It is close to the output current density and the first electric current
Degree threshold value and the second current density threshold are compared, and judge current density section locating for the output current density；When sentencing
When the fixed output current density is less than or equal to first current density threshold, using cathode recirculating system to the combustion
Material battery is humidified；When the judgement output current density is greater than first current density threshold and is less than second electricity
It when current density threshold value, is humidified using anode recirculation system to the fuel cell, when the judgement output current density
When more than or equal to second current density threshold, it is humidified using cathode of the humidifier to the fuel cell, and
It is humidified using the anode recirculation system to the anode of the fuel cell；Wherein, first current density threshold
Less than second current density threshold.In the present invention, the humidification mode of fuel cell is determined according to output current density, that is, is worked as
Using cathode recirculating system to the fuel when output current density is less than or equal to first current density threshold
Battery is humidified, when the output current density is greater than first current density threshold and is less than second current density
It is humidified using anode recirculation system to the fuel cell when threshold value, when the output current density is greater than or equal to institute
It is humidified when stating the second current density threshold using cathode of the humidifier to the fuel cell, and again using the anode
The circulatory system is humidified to the anode of the fuel cell.The cooperative control method of this Two-way Cycle and humidifier makes double follow
Loop system and external humidification device, can not only work independently, but also can cooperate, and realize fuel cell under any circumstance
Optimal humidification.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the fuel cell based on binary cycle system and humidifier；
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow diagram of the humidifying method of fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the most suitable water content of different current density lower films；
Fig. 4 is the water content that Two-way Cycle can be such that film reaches under different current densities；
Fig. 5 is the flow diagram of the control algolithm under small current of embodiment of the present invention density；
Fig. 6 is the flow diagram of the control algolithm in the embodiment of the present invention under high current density；
Fig. 7 is the water content of film when Two-way Cycle and humidifier cooperate under different current densities；
Fig. 8 is the flow diagram of the control algolithm under high current density of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is binary cycle system and the dynamic Character Comparison schematic diagram of external humidification device.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing to the present invention
Specific embodiment be described in detail.Many details are explained in the following description in order to fully understand this hair
It is bright.But the invention can be embodied in many other ways as described herein, those skilled in the art can be not
Similar improvement is done in the case where violating intension of the present invention, therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Referring to Figure 1, fuel cell power system is other than fuel cell main body, further include hydrogen gas system, air system,
The accessory systems such as cooling system, power range system and control system.Hydrogen gas system is mainly responsible for as in fuel cell main body
It reacts pile and hydrogen supply is provided, need to adjust Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, humidity and the flow etc. for entering reaction pile according to operating condition.
Air system is then to provide suitable oxidant i.e. air for reaction pile, needs to adjust the sky for entering reaction pile according to operating condition
Temperature, pressure and flow of gas etc..Cooling system then makes stack temperature keep proper level by way of coolant circulation, protects
Demonstrate,prove the reliable and stable work of pile.Power range system is then the output voltage and electricity that reaction pile is adjusted by DC/DC device
The size and rate of change of stream.Control system is entire fuel cell power system " brain ", by it to each of pile periphery
A subsystem optimizes control, so that pile is in optimum Working, guarantees the operation of pile long time stability.Recycling
System includes anode recirculation system and cathode recirculating system.Humidification system mainly includes membrane humidifier and water circulation pipe.
Fig. 2 is referred to, can guarantee the reasonable wetting of film under low current density to solve self-humidifying method, but in big electricity
Under current density, it is easy to appear humidifying capacity deficiency, the problem for causing film dry；And external humidification device is able to satisfy high current density
The wetting of lower film, but volume is larger, power consumption is higher, and response speed is also relatively slow, the poor problem of cold starting performance, and the present invention is real
It applies example and provides a kind of humidifying method of fuel cell.The humidifying method of the fuel cell includes:
Step S110 periodically acquires the output current density of the fuel cell.
Step S120, to the output current density and preset first current density threshold and the second current density threshold
It is compared, judges current density section locating for the output current density.As it can be seen that determining the output current density institute
After the electric current interval density at place, then step S130, step S140 or step S150 are executed according to judging result.
Step S130 is utilized when determining that the output current density is less than or equal to first current density threshold
Cathode recirculating system is humidified to the fuel cell.
Step S140, when the judgement output current density is greater than first current density threshold and is less than described second
When current density threshold, it is humidified using anode recirculation system to the fuel cell.
Step S150 is utilized when determining that the output current density is greater than or equal to second current density threshold
Humidifier is humidified to the cathode of the fuel cell, and using the anode recirculation system to the fuel cell
Anode is humidified.
Wherein, first current density threshold is less than second current density threshold.
The fuel cell main body includes the anode inlet, the anode gas outlet, cathode inlet mouth and cathode
Gas outlet.The anode recirculation system includes anode circulation pump, the anode circulation pump and the anode inlet and
The anode gas outlet connection, ensure that anode reaction gas from the anode gas outlet towards the anode inlet one direction
Flowing.The cathode recirculating system includes cathode circulation pump, the cathode circulation pump and the cathode inlet mouth and
The cathode gas outlet connection, ensure that cathode reaction gas from the cathode gas outlet towards the cathode inlet mouth one direction
Flowing.The hydrogen gas system includes hydrogen injection device, hydrogen tail discharge solenoid valve and injection electromagnetic valve.
The anode reaction gas of discharge and the fresh anode reaction gas to be come by anodic gas air inlet pipe conveying are mixed
After conjunction, mixed anode reaction gas continues to recycle into the anode inlet again.By way of recycling, sun
The utilization rate of pole reaction gas is obviously improved, and since discharge gas humidity is larger, the gas humidity of gaseous mixture is significantly increased, from
And solves the problems, such as anode reaction gas humidification.
The cathode reaction gas of discharge conveys the fresh cathode reaction gas to come with by the cathode gas air inlet pipe
Mixing, mixed cathode reaction gas continue to recycle into the cathode inlet mouth again.By way of recycling, mix
It closes gas ambient humidity to significantly improve, solves the problems, such as cathode humidification.It is adjustable meanwhile by controlling cathode gas internal circulating load
Oxygen partial pressure in cathode gaseous mixture.
Have the fuel cell system of cathode recirculating system and anode recirculation system, it can be by adjusting cathode simultaneously
Air supply amount and cathode recirculation rate, while cathode gas total flow and oxygen concentration are controlled, to preferably adjust fuel
Cell voltage, and improve the problem of cathode inlet and outlet oxygen concentration is unevenly distributed, Generation Rate is reduced in cold start-up, improves and produces
Heat.In addition, the gas temperature of cathode recycling is higher than air inlet, cathode inlet temperature can be improved after mixing, further
Accelerate the rate of climb of the cathode temperature of the fuel cell system.
In fuel cell operation, idling or small load behavior (correspond to output current density and are less than or equal to institute
The case where stating the first current density threshold) under, it will be arranged by cathode using the cathode circulation pump in the cathode recirculating system
The cathode reaction gas of port discharge is pumped into cathode inlet mouth, improves the humidity of the cathode of fuel cell, alleviates dry into membrana oralis.Together
When, it is controlled by the control of cathode inlet flow and recirculation rate, the output voltage of clamper fuel cell reduces caused by high potential
Carbon corrosion speed reduces the generating efficiency of the fuel cell, so that the quick heat production of the fuel cell system, realizes that low temperature is fast
Speed starting.
In the present embodiment, second current density threshold be it is preset, first current density threshold can be pre-
If, it is also possible to acquisition of tabling look-up.Table look-up obtain first current density detailed process step include: be determining first
Clamp voltage looks into the polarization curve of fuel cell then according to clamp voltage, obtains the first current density.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are referred to, for each fuel cell, under each current density, all there is a best film
Water content value.For binary cycle system (including the anode recirculation system and described cathode recirculating system), with
The increase of current density, bicirculating humidifying capacity also increase, but since circulating pump limits recycling biggest quality flow rate, therefore
Bicirculating humidifying capacity cannot increase always with the increase of current density, and humidifying capacity has certain upper limit, therefore needs
It wants external humidification device to intervene, carries out auxiliary humidification.Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the output current density is greater than or waits
It is big to solve to being therefore humidified using external humidification device for the fuel cell when second current density threshold
Under current density, binary cycle system is only relied on merely, the problem of humidification be easy to cause film to do phenomenon is carried out to film.
It is described in one of the embodiments, to be carried out using cathode of the cathode recirculating system to the fuel cell
Humidification, comprising:
The cathode reaction gas that will be discharged by cathode exhaust vent is pumped by the cathode circulation in the cathode recirculating system
Body is pumped into cathode inlet mouth, is humidified with the cathode to the fuel cell.
It is appreciated that the anode reaction gas of discharge conveys the fresh anode to come with by the anodic gas air inlet pipe
After reaction gas mixing, mixed anode reaction gas continues to recycle into the anode inlet again.Pass through recycling
Mode, the utilization rate of anode reaction gas is obviously improved, and since discharge gas humidity is larger, the gas humidity of gaseous mixture is shown
It writes and improves, to solve the problems, such as anode reaction gas humidification.
The cathode reaction gas of discharge conveys the fresh cathode reaction gas to come with by the cathode gas air inlet pipe
Mixing, mixed cathode reaction gas continue to recycle into the cathode inlet mouth again.By way of recycling, mix
It closes gas ambient humidity to significantly improve, solves the problems, such as cathode humidification.It is adjustable meanwhile by controlling cathode gas internal circulating load
Oxygen partial pressure in cathode gaseous mixture.
Have the fuel cell system of cathode recirculating system and anode recirculation system, it can be by adjusting cathode simultaneously
Air supply amount and cathode recirculation rate, while cathode gas total flow and oxygen concentration are controlled, to preferably adjust fuel
Cell voltage, and improve the problem of cathode inlet and outlet oxygen concentration is unevenly distributed, Generation Rate is reduced in cold start-up, improves and produces
Heat.In addition, the gas temperature of cathode recycling is higher than air inlet, cathode inlet temperature can be improved after mixing, further
Accelerate the rate of climb of the cathode temperature of the fuel cell system, realizes started quickly at low temperature.
In one of the embodiments, it is described by the cathode reaction gas being discharged by cathode exhaust vent be pumped into cathode into
Before port, the humidifying method further include:
According to the averaged reference voltage of monolithic under current output current density, the reference current for obtaining the fuel cell is close
Degree；
According to the reference current density, determine corresponding with the reference current density with reference to fresh air excess system
Number；
The air needed according to the air capacity and fuel cell recycled with reference to fresh air excess coefficient, cathode
Amount, determines the revolving speed of air compressor machine.
It is appreciated that essence is exactly when the supply by limitation cathode air amount is to control fuel cell electricity
The voltage of the fuel cell system is controlled by reducing the partial pressure of oxygen of fuel cell system cathode, therefore lead in the present embodiment
It crosses and calculates the reference fresh air excess coefficient, then recycled further according to described with reference to fresh air excess coefficient, cathode
Air capacity and fuel cell need air capacity, determine the revolving speed of air compressor machine, be conducive to accurately control fuel cell system
The partial pressure of oxygen of cathode, so that the output voltage of the fuel cell system be made to be equal to target voltage.
The humidifying method in one of the embodiments, further include: according to the reference current density, determine the yin
The reference motor speed of motor in the circulating pump of pole；
According to cathode outlet pressure reference value, the aperture reference value of counterbalance valve is determined.
It is appreciated that by the reference motor speed for calculating the motor in the cathode circulation pump, it can be according to the reference
Motor speed controls the cathode circulation pump, and then controls cathode gas internal circulating load, further accurate control cathode mixed gas
In partial pressure of oxygen.
In one of the embodiments, according to the reference current density and the monolithic number of the fuel cell, calculate
With reference to cathode inlet total flow；
It calculates and described multiplies with reference to fresh air excess coefficient and the product with reference to cathode inlet total flow, and by described
Product is as with reference to FAI Fresh Air Intake amount.
It is appreciated that essence is exactly when the supply by limitation cathode air amount is to control fuel cell electricity
The voltage of the fuel cell system is controlled by reducing the partial pressure of oxygen of fuel cell system cathode, therefore lead in the present embodiment
The target new charge amount that calculates is crossed, and controlling the air system according to the target new charge amount is the fuel electricity
The cathode of cell system provides air, is conducive to the partial pressure of oxygen for accurately controlling fuel cell system cathode, to make the fuel electricity
The output voltage of cell system is equal to target voltage.
Refer to Fig. 5, under idling or small load behavior (the case where corresponding to low current), by FF (Feedforward,
Feedforward)+PI (Proportion and Integral, ratio and integral) control algolithm, control fresh air excess coefficient, yin
The revolving speed of pole circulating pump and the aperture of counterbalance valve make average monolithic voltage maintain target voltage (for example, 0.8V) and pile
Air inlet total flow is constant, wherein the fresh air excess coefficient determines the aperture and air compressor machine of air flow control vacuum valve
Revolving speed.In Fig. 5, MAP is figure of tabling look-up, and the input quantity of MAP-1 is average monolithic reference voltage under low current density, such as
0.8V, output quantity are reference current density.The input quantity of MAP-2 is reference current density, and output quantity is with reference to fresh air mistake
Coefficient of discharge.The input quantity of MAP-3 is reference current density, and output quantity is with reference to motor speed.The input quantity of MAP-7 is practical electricity
Heap air inlet total flow, output quantity are rotational speed of air compressor.The input quantity of MAP-8 is cathode outlet pressure reference value, and output quantity is institute
State the aperture reference value of counterbalance valve.Vcell,refFor average monolithic reference voltage, VfcFor fuel cell actual average monolithic voltage,
λfreshFor actual fresh excess air factor, λfresh,refTo refer to fresh air excess coefficient, IrefFor reference current density,
QrefTo refer to pile air inlet total flow, Qtotal_airFor practical pile air inlet total flow, nair_pump,refTo be pumped with reference to cathode circulation
Revolving speed, nair_pumpFor practical cathode circulation revolution speed, npcFor the revolving speed of air compressor machine, QdemandThe air needed for fuel cell
Amount, Qre-airFor the air capacity of cathode recycling, pca,refFor cathode outlet pressure reference value, pcaFor practical cathode outlet pressure,
dca,refFor back pressure valve opening reference value, dcaFor practical back pressure valve opening.
Wherein giving in one embodiment, it is described to be increased using anode of the anode recirculation system to the fuel cell
It is wet, comprising:
Blowing for signal is controlled according to the hydrogen flowing quantity provided in hydrogen gas system, for controlling the purging of hydrogen tail discharge solenoid valve
The anode inlet goal pressure of duty ratio and the fuel cell is swept, is determined for controlling the injection electromagnetic valve in hydrogen gas system
Injection control signal injection duty ratio；
By controlling the revolving speed of the anode circulation pump and the injection duty ratio of the injection control signal, to the fuel
The anode of battery is humidified.
Fig. 6 is referred to, when the output current density is greater than first current density threshold and close less than the second electric current
When spending threshold value the case where (correspond to middle high current density), by feedforward+PI control algolithm, control anode circulation pump revolving speed and
Injection duty ratio for controlling the injection control signal of the injection electromagnetic valve in hydrogen gas system is relatively wet to control anode inlet
Degree and model machine inlet pressure.The input quantity of MAP-4 is fuel cell actual current density, and output quantity is that hydrogen gas circulating pump reference turns
Speed.During being calculated using FF algorithm, input quantity is that hydrogen flowing quantity, purging duty ratio and goal pressure, output quantity are
Spray duty ratio.nH2_pump,refFor hydrogen gas circulating pump reference rotation velocity, nH2_pumpFor hydrogen gas circulating pump actual speed, RHan,refFor ginseng
Examine anode inlet relative humidity, RHanFor anode inlet relative humidity, IfcFor the actual output current density of fuel cell, mH2For
Hydrogen flowing quantity, ψpurgeTo purge duty ratio, pan,refFor anode inlet goal pressure, panFor anode inlet actual pressure, uinjFor
Spray duty ratio.In the present embodiment, the ψpurgeValue there are two types of acquisition methods: the first is fuel cell temperature and combustion
The current density for expecting battery, tables look-up to obtain ψpurgeValue.Second is when detecting that one of monolithic voltage is too low, existing
On the basis of having value, increase ψpurgeValue.
It is described in one of the embodiments, to be humidified using cathode of the humidifier to the fuel cell, packet
It includes:
Water temperature by controlling the humidifier controls the cathode humidity of the fuel cell.
Fig. 7 is referred to, in the present embodiment, when the output current density is greater than or equal to second current density threshold
When the case where (correspond to high current density), control the anode of fuel cell by controlling the anode recirculation system
Humidity, and the fuel cell cathode inlet humidity is controlled by the temperature of the humidifier outside control, to solve to rely on
Binary cycle system carries out the problem of humidification be easy to cause film to do phenomenon to film.
Fig. 8 is referred to, when the output current density is greater than or equal to the second current density threshold, passes through feedforward+PI
Control algolithm controls the humidity of the fuel battery negative pole by controlling the temperature of humidifier.The input quantity of MAP-5 is fuel
The average voltage of battery monomer, fuel battery temperature and the actual output current density of fuel cell, output quantity are cathode inlet
Humidity reference value.The input quantity of MAP-6 is cathode inlet humidity reference value and practical pile air inlet total flow, and output quantity is humidification
Device temperature reference value.TfcFor fuel cell actual temperature, RHrefFor cathode inlet relative humidity target value, RHfcFor cathode inlet
Relative humidity actual value, ThumFor humidifier temperature reference value.
Bicirculating dynamic characteristic is than very fast, and the dynamic characteristic of external humidification device is slow, this is because external humidification device
It is the water temperature of humidifier to be flowed through to control by control, and water supply heating is a slower process.In view of Two-way Cycle system
System this feature different with the dynamic characteristic of external humidification device, the dynamic coordinated of the two are also even more important.
In rigid starting, reaction stack temperature is low, and the temperature for flowing through the cooling water of reaction pile is also low, if at this time only with
External humidification device is humidified, and needs for the water in humidifier to be heated to higher temperature, wastes electric energy and the response time is slow.This
The control strategy of invention be then on startup, reaction stack temperature it is low in the state of, using Two-way Cycle (including anode recirculation and
Cathode recycling) it is humidified, after a period of operation, stack temperature increases, and the current density of permission can also increase, defeated
Power out can also correspondingly increase, and the coolant water temperature for reacting pile at this time is also at higher level, at this moment be then turned on external increasing
Wet device can reduce the response time of external humidification device, improve the dynamic characteristic of system.
Fig. 9 is referred to, in order to illustrate the dynamic characteristic of binary cycle system and external humidification device system, has respectively lifted an example
Son.Binary cycle system makes air intake relative humidity 0% be increased to RH1, used time about t1.External humidification device makes air intake phase
RH2, used time about t2, RH1 < RH2, t1 < t2 are increased to humidity 0%.Therefore the dynamic characteristic of binary cycle system is more preferable.
It should be noted that the present invention is not when the output current density is middle high current density or high current density
It is recycled for humidifying using cathode, is since to follow bad pump work consumption higher for cathode under big in and high current density.If not examining
Consider cost problem, on the basis of humidifying method provided by the invention, starter cathode recirculating system can be humidified simultaneously.
The cooperative control method of this binary cycle system and humidifier makes binary cycle system and external humidification device both can be only
Vertical work, and can cooperate, the optimal humidification of fuel cell under any circumstance is realized, environmental suitability is improved,
Again because the case where fuel cell is not in dry film or water logging, enhances the durability of fuel cell, improve fuel cell
Service life, while reducing the size of external humidification device again, reduce the power of external humidification device, improve fuel cell
The efficiency of system entirety.Further, since the reduction of external humidification body product, when being cold-started, humidifier can quickly reach
To working condition, be conducive to the cold starting performance for improving fuel cell system.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a kind of computer equipments.The computer equipment includes storage
Device and processor are stored with the computer program that can be run on a processor on the memory, described in the processor executes
The step of humidifying method of fuel cell described in any of the above-described embodiment is realized when computer program.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a kind of readable storage medium storing program for executing, it is stored thereon with computer program,
The computer program realizes the step of humidifying method of fuel cell described in any of the above-described embodiment when being executed by processor.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention
Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of humidifying method of fuel cell characterized by comprising
Periodically acquire the output current density of the fuel cell；
The output current density is compared with the first current density threshold and the second current density threshold, is judged described defeated
Current density section locating for current density out；
When determining that the output current density is less than or equal to first current density threshold, cathode recirculating system is utilized
It is humidified to the fuel cell；
When the judgement output current density is greater than first current density threshold and is less than second current density threshold
When, it is humidified using anode recirculation system to the fuel cell；
When determining that the output current density is greater than or equal to second current density threshold, using humidifier to the combustion
The cathode of material battery is humidified, and is humidified using the anode recirculation system to the anode of the fuel cell；
Wherein, first current density threshold is less than second current density threshold.
2. humidifying method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to utilize the cathode recirculating system to the combustion
The cathode of material battery is humidified, comprising:
The cathode reaction gas being discharged by cathode exhaust vent is pumped by the cathode circulation pump in the cathode recirculating system
Enter cathode inlet mouth, is humidified with the cathode to the fuel cell.
3. humidifying method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that anti-in the cathode that will be discharged by cathode exhaust vent
Gas is answered to be pumped into before cathode inlet mouth, the humidifying method further include:
According to the averaged reference voltage of monolithic under current output current density, the reference current density of the fuel cell is obtained；
According to the reference current density, determine corresponding with the reference current density with reference to fresh air excess coefficient；
According to it is described with reference to fresh air excess coefficient, cathode recycle air capacity and fuel cell need air capacity,
Determine the revolving speed of air compressor machine.
4. humidifying method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the humidifying method further include: according to described with reference to electricity
Current density determines the reference motor speed of the motor in the cathode circulation pump；
According to cathode outlet pressure reference value, the aperture reference value of counterbalance valve is determined.
5. humidifying method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the humidifying method further include:
According to the reference current density and the monolithic number of the fuel cell, calculates and refer to cathode inlet total flow；
It calculates and described makees with reference to fresh air excess coefficient and the product with reference to cathode inlet total flow, and by the product
To refer to FAI Fresh Air Intake amount.
6. humidifying method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described electric to the fuel using anode recirculation system
The anode in pond is humidified, comprising:
The purging duty ratio of signal is controlled according to the hydrogen flowing quantity provided in hydrogen gas system, for controlling the purging of hydrogen tail valve
And the anode inlet goal pressure of the fuel cell, determine the injection control for controlling the injection electromagnetic valve in hydrogen gas system
The injection duty ratio of signal processed；
By controlling the revolving speed of the anode circulation pump and the injection duty ratio of the injection control signal, to the fuel cell
Anode humidified.
7. humidifying method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described using the humidifier to the fuel cell
Cathode is humidified, comprising:
Water temperature by controlling the humidifier controls the cathode humidity of the fuel cell.
8. humidifying method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that further include:
According to average monolithic voltage, temperature and the output current density of the fuel cell of acquisition, the fuel cell is determined
Cathode inlet humidity reference value；
According to the cathode inlet humidity reference value, the cathode inlet total flow of the fuel cell is determined.
9. a kind of computer equipment, including memory and processor, be stored on the memory to run on a processor
Computer program, which is characterized in that the processor realizes any power in claim 1 to 8 when executing the computer program
The step of item the method.
10. a kind of computer readable storage medium, is stored thereon with computer program, which is characterized in that the computer program
The step of any claim the method in claim 1 to 8 is realized when being executed by processor.
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| CN114824377A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-29 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell control method, engine, and nonvolatile storage medium |
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| CN117913325A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-04-19 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Cathode humidification control method, system, computer equipment and storage medium |
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