CN117913325A - Cathode humidification control method, system, computer equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Cathode humidification control method, system, computer equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN117913325A CN117913325A CN202410139118.6A CN202410139118A CN117913325A CN 117913325 A CN117913325 A CN 117913325A CN 202410139118 A CN202410139118 A CN 202410139118A CN 117913325 A CN117913325 A CN 117913325A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 58
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 46
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a cathode humidification control method, a cathode humidification control system, computer equipment and a storage medium, wherein the cathode humidification control method comprises the following steps: acquiring a pile current, and judging whether the fuel cell system is in a low-power running state according to the pile current; if the fuel cell system is in the low-power running state, monitoring the duration time of the low-power running state, and judging the working state of the cathode of the electric pile according to the duration time; if the cathode of the electric pile is in a dry state, the opening degree of the back pressure valve, the air pressure, the air flow and the partial pressure of cathode oxygen are regulated, the humidity of the cathode of the electric pile is increased, and the cathode of the electric pile is changed from the dry state to the wet state. The invention reduces the average air flow of the cathode and reduces the water content of the cathode of the electric pile taken away by the air, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the humidity of the cathode of the electric pile, and the partial pressure of the cathode oxygen of the cathode of the electric pile is not excessively lower than the standard value, thereby ensuring that the cathode of the electric pile does not have the problem of oxygen shortage and the whole power generation performance of the electric pile is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a cathode humidification control method, a cathode humidification control system, a computer device, and a storage medium.
Background
The fuel cell stack is composed of a plurality of single cells stacked. In the operation process of the fuel cell system, oxygen contained in the air of the cathode of the electric pile and hydrogen of the anode react electrochemically, protons are transferred through the membrane electrode, and accordingly electric energy is generated, and in order to obtain better power generation performance, the membrane electrode needs to be kept in a proper wetting state, and the proton conductivity of the membrane electrode is maintained.
When the fuel cell system is operated at low power, the stack current is small, resulting in less water production, and a large flow of air is continuously blown out through the stack cathode, which takes away a large amount of cathode water, and when this condition is long in duration, it is possible to cause excessive drying of the membrane electrode, resulting in a decrease in power generation performance and possibly degradation of the stack aging.
The current common method for solving the above problems is to reduce the cathode air flow rate, so that the moisture content carried away by the cathode air is reduced, and therefore, the humidity degree of the cathode membrane electrode of the electric pile can be gradually increased, and the power generation performance can be restored. However, when the cathode air flow rate is reduced, the air excess ratio is reduced and the oxygen partial pressure is reduced, which may bring about the risk of voltage drop of some single cells due to lack of oxygen, thereby affecting the overall power generation of the stack.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a cathode humidification control method, a cathode humidification control system, computer equipment and a storage medium, which solve the problems that the partial pressure of cathode oxygen is reduced when the cathode of the existing galvanic pile is humidified, so that the galvanic pile is in an under-oxygen state and the power generation performance of the galvanic pile is influenced.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A cathode humidification control method comprising the steps of:
acquiring a pile current, and judging whether the fuel cell system is in a low-power running state according to the pile current;
If the fuel cell system is in the low-power running state, monitoring the duration time of the low-power running state, and judging the working state of the cathode of the electric pile according to the duration time;
the working states of the cathode of the electric pile comprise a dry state and a wet state;
If the cathode of the electric pile is in a dry state, the opening degree of the back pressure valve, the air pressure, the air flow and the partial pressure of cathode oxygen are regulated, the humidity of the cathode of the electric pile is increased, and the cathode of the electric pile is changed from the dry state to the wet state.
Preferably, the stack cathode is in a dry state, comprising the following humidification steps:
acquiring air pressure P1, air flow Q1, back pressure valve opening L1 and cathode oxygen partial pressure M1 in the current state;
in the time delta t1, the air pressure P1 is increased to P2, the air flow Q1 is kept unchanged, the opening degree L1 of the back pressure valve is reduced to L2, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M1 is increased to M2;
when the air pressure P1 is raised to P2, the air flow Q1 is reduced to Q2 in the delta t2 time, the air pressure P2 is kept unchanged, the opening degree L2 of the back pressure valve is reduced to L3, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M2 is reduced to M3;
When the air flow Q1 is reduced to Q2, the air pressure P2 is reduced to P1, the air flow Q2 is raised to Q1, the back pressure valve opening L3 is raised to L1, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M3 is increased to M1 in Δt 3.
Preferably, a humidification period is provided, and the humidification step is circulated in the humidification period, so that the cathode of the galvanic pile is gradually changed from a dry state to a wet state.
Preferably, determining whether the fuel cell system is in the low power operation state includes the steps of: and setting a current threshold, and judging that the fuel cell system is in a low-power operation state when the pile current is smaller than the current threshold, wherein the current threshold is 60A-90A.
Preferably, the step of judging the operating state of the cathode of the stack according to the duration time includes the steps of: and setting a time threshold, and judging that the cathode of the electric pile is in a dry state if the continuous operation time of the fuel cell system in the low power state is greater than the time threshold, otherwise, setting the cathode of the electric pile to be in a wet state, wherein the time threshold is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps after the galvanic pile cathode is changed from the dry state to the wet state:
acquiring single voltage of all single cells in a pile;
calculating the wetting difference degree of all the single cells according to the single voltages of all the single cells;
judging the humidity state of the cathode of the electric pile according to the wetting difference degree of all the single cells;
The humidity state of the cathode of the galvanic pile comprises a humidity uniform state and a humidity unbalanced state;
and if the cathode of the electric pile is in a humidity unbalanced state, regulating the current, the air flow and the opening of the proportional valve of the electric pile, and converting the cathode of the electric pile from the humidity unbalanced state to a humidity uniform state.
Preferably, calculating the degree of wettability difference of all the single cells includes the steps of:
setting a first differential pressure threshold value and calculating the average voltage value of all single cells;
Acquiring the highest single voltage and the lowest single voltage in all single cells in real time, respectively calculating absolute differences of the average values of the highest single voltage and the lowest single voltage and the voltages, and respectively recording the absolute differences as a first difference delta U1 and a second difference delta U2;
The method for judging that the cathode of the galvanic pile is in the humidity unbalance state comprises the following steps of:
And if and only if the first difference value delta U1 and the second difference value delta U2 are larger than the first pressure difference threshold value, judging that the cathode of the electric pile is in a humidity unbalance state.
Preferably, when the stack cathode is in a humidity imbalance state, the step of adjusting the stack current, the air flow and the proportional valve opening comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining current I1 of a pile, opening N1 of a proportional valve and air flow Q1 in the current state;
Setting a pile current I3, and obtaining a proportional valve opening N3 and an air flow Q3 corresponding to the pile current I3, wherein I3 is more than I1, N3 is more than N1, and Q3 is more than Q1;
the pile current I1 is lifted to pile current I3, the proportional valve opening N1 is lifted to the proportional valve opening N4, and the air flow Q1 is alternately changed according to the air flow Q4 and the air flow Q5, wherein N4 is more than N3, and Q5 is more than Q3 and more than Q4.
Preferably, the step of converting the cathode of the electric pile from the humidity unbalanced state to the humidity uniform state comprises the following judging steps: and setting a second differential pressure threshold value, and judging that the cathode of the electric pile is converted into a humidity uniform state if and only if the first differential value delta U1 and the second differential value delta U2 are smaller than the second differential pressure threshold value.
Preferably, after the cathode of the electric pile is converted into the humidity uniform state, the method further comprises the following steps:
setting a stable period, and operating in parameter states of a pile current I2, a proportional valve opening N2 and an air flow Q2 in the stable period after the pile cathode is converted into a humidity uniform state;
after the stabilization period is over, the stack current I2, the proportional valve opening N2, and the air flow Q2 are adjusted to the stack current I1, the proportional valve opening N1, and the air flow Q1.
A cathode humidification control system comprising the control method described above, comprising:
the data module is used for acquiring various parameters of the electric pile in real time and carrying out data calculation processing according to the acquired parameters;
The judging module is used for receiving the signals from the data module and judging the working states of the fuel cell system and the cathode of the electric pile according to the received signals;
The adjusting module is used for receiving the signals from the judging module, adjusting various parameters of the electric pile according to the received signals and changing the working state of the cathode of the electric pile.
A computer device, comprising:
A memory and a processor;
the memory is used for storing at least one program;
when the program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the control method described above.
A storage medium comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the control method described above.
The contribution of the invention is as follows: the average air flow of the cathode is reduced, and the moisture of the cathode of the electric pile is taken away by air, so that the aim of increasing the humidity of the cathode of the electric pile is fulfilled, the cathode oxygen partial pressure of the cathode of the electric pile is not excessively lower than a standard value while the air flow of the cathode of the electric pile is reduced, the problem that the cathode of the electric pile is underoxidized is avoided, the overall power generation performance of the electric pile is not influenced, and the fuel cell system can stably operate in a low-power state for a long time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a cathode humidification control method of a fuel cell system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the fuel cell system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the variation of back pressure valve opening, air pressure, air flow and cathode oxygen partial pressure in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a specific flow of the cathode humidification control step of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of cathode wetting homogenization in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the steps of changing the stack current, the proportional valve opening and the air flow in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the changes in proportional valve opening, air flow, current and voltage in the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the fuel cell system in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the exhaust gas collecting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a control system in one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a computer device and a storage medium according to the present invention;
Wherein: the stack 10, the air compressor 20, the back pressure valve 30, the injector 40, the hydrogen circulation pump 50, the gas-water separator 60, the proportional valve 70, the drain outlet valve 80, the hydrogen supply unit 90, the bypass valve 1a, the tail gas discharge pipe 1b, the tail gas collection device 1c, the tank 1c1, the gas inlet 1c2, the drain port 1c3, the gas guide port 1c4, the baffle plate 1c5, and the L-shaped channel 1c6.
Detailed Description
In order that the application may be readily understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Embodiments of the application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of description only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It will be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, may be used to describe various elements and that these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be connected to the other element through intervening elements. Further, "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", and the like if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between objects to be connected.
As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" may include plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," and/or the like, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, a cathode humidification control method includes the steps of:
Acquiring current of the electric pile 10, and judging whether the fuel cell system is in a low-power running state according to the current of the electric pile 10;
if the fuel cell system is in the low-power operation state, monitoring the duration of the low-power operation state, and judging the working state of the cathode of the electric pile 10 according to the duration;
the operating states of the cathode of the stack 10 include a dry state and a wet state;
If the cathode of the electric pile 10 is in a dry state, the opening degree, the air pressure, the air flow rate and the cathode oxygen partial pressure of the back pressure valve 30 are regulated, the humidity of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is increased, and the cathode of the electric pile 10 is changed from the dry state to a wet state.
The cathode humidification control method of the present embodiment is applied to a fuel cell system, as shown in fig. 2, which includes a stack 10, an air compressor 20, a back pressure valve 30, an ejector 40, a hydrogen circulation pump 50, a gas-water separator 60, a proportional valve 70, a drain vent valve 80, and a hydrogen supply unit 90; the cathode inlet of the electric pile 10 is connected with the air compressor 20, the air compressor 20 can compress external air and then guide the compressed external air into the cathode of the electric pile 10, the cathode outlet of the electric pile 10 is connected with the back pressure valve 30, the back pressure valve 30 can control the pressure of the cathode of the electric pile 10, so that the cathode air pressure of the electric pile 10 is ensured to be stable, the anode inlet of the electric pile 10 is sequentially connected with the ejector 40, the proportional valve 70 and the hydrogen supply unit 90, wherein the ejector 40 is used for guiding hydrogen into the anode of the electric pile 10, the proportional valve 70 is used for controlling the hydrogen amount entering the ejector 40, the gas-water separator 60 is connected at the anode outlet of the electric pile 10, the gas-water separator 60 can separate gas from waste gas discharged from the anode of the electric pile 10, a large amount of hydrogen is contained in the separated gas, the separated hydrogen is guided into the ejector 40 through the hydrogen circulation pump 50, so that the hydrogen is recycled, resources are saved, the outlet of the gas-water discharge valve 80 is also connected with the water discharge valve 80, gas and liquid in the gas-water discharge valve 60 are used for periodically discharging the gas and the nitrogen in the gas-water separator 60, so that the nitrogen concentration in the gas-water separator 60 is prevented from being too high (nitrogen is prevented from entering the anode 10 from the electric pile 10 through proton exchange membrane, and the anode 10), and the nitrogen is prevented from being excessively diffused into the anode 10.
In one embodiment of the present invention, by acquiring the current of the electric stack 10, it can be determined whether the fuel cell system is in the low power operation state, specifically in the following manner: first, a current threshold is set, the current threshold is used to define the operation state of the fuel cell system, and if the current of the electric pile 10 is smaller than the current threshold, it is indicated that the fuel cell system is in a low-power operation state at this time, and in this embodiment, the current threshold is set to 60A-90A.
When it is determined that the fuel cell system is in the low power operation state, the duration of the fuel cell system in the low power operation state needs to be monitored, the electric pile 10 works in the low current state for a long time, the generated water amount in the electric pile 10 is small, and the large-flow air is continuously blown out through the cathode of the electric pile 10, so that a large amount of water in the cathode of the electric pile 10 is taken away, the membrane electrode on the cathode side of the electric pile 10 is excessively dried, the power generation performance of the electric pile 10 is reduced, the aging and attenuation of the electric pile 10 are accelerated, the duration is set to be 10min-30min in the embodiment, and the cathode of the electric pile 10 is determined to be in the dry state beyond the duration set in the embodiment.
If the cathode of the electric pile 10 is in a dry state, the humidity of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is increased by adjusting the opening degree of the back pressure valve 30, the air pressure, the air flow and the cathode oxygen partial pressure, so that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is changed from the dry state to the wet state. In particular, the humidification adjustment includes the steps of, as shown in figures 3-4,
S1: acquiring air pressure P1, air flow Q1, opening L1 of a back pressure valve 30 and cathode oxygen partial pressure M1 in the current state;
s2: in the time delta t1, the air pressure P1 is increased to P2, the air flow Q1 is kept unchanged, the opening degree L1 of the back pressure valve 30 is reduced to L2, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M1 is increased to M2;
S3: when the air pressure P1 is raised to P2, the air flow Q1 is reduced to Q2 in the delta t2 time, the air pressure P2 is kept unchanged, the opening L2 of the back pressure valve 30 is reduced to L3, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M2 is reduced to M3;
S4: when the air flow Q1 is reduced to Q2, the air pressure P2 is reduced to P1, the air flow Q2 is raised to Q1, the opening L3 of the back pressure valve 30 is raised to L1, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M3 is increased to M1 in Δt 3.
Further, the air pressure P1, the air flow Q1, the opening L1 of the back pressure valve 30 and the cathode oxygen partial pressure at the cathode of the electric pile 10 are all corresponding to standard numerical relationships, and the air pressure P1, the air flow Q1, the opening L1 of the back pressure valve 30 and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M1 in the current low-power state are obtained first, in this state, the liquid water generated in the electric pile 10 is also less due to the smaller power required to be output by the electric pile 10, but in order to ensure that the under-oxygen condition of the cathode of the electric pile 10 does not occur, it is necessary to keep enough oxygen in the cathode of the electric pile 10, i.e. the cathode oxygen partial pressure needs to be kept at a certain level, the air flow Q1 in this state is actually larger, only part of the air participates in the reaction, most of the air does not participate in the reaction, the air does not participate in the reaction when entering the cathode of the electric pile 10, the cathode of the electric pile 10 takes away the moisture on the cathode side of the electric pile 10, the membrane electrode on the cathode side of the electric pile 10 is dried due to the long-time purging (i.e. long-time in the low-power operation state), the cathode side of the electric pile 10 cannot normally react, and the cathode of the electric pile 10 cannot be reacted, the electric pile is required, the power is generated, the air is required to be kept, and the cathode of the electric pile 10 is not is influenced.
It should be noted that the partial pressure of the cathode oxygen is in direct proportion to the air pressure and the air flow, that is, the increase of the air pressure and the air flow can drive the increase of the cathode oxygen pressure.
In the step S2, Δt1 is 1S-2S, and on the basis that the air flow Q1 is kept unchanged, the opening of the back pressure valve 30, specifically, the opening L1 of the back pressure valve 30 is reduced to L2, so that the air pressure is increased from P1 to P2, at this time, the cathode oxygen partial pressure in the cathode of the electric pile 10 is increased from M1 to M2, and in the step S2, by keeping the air flow Q1 unchanged, the amount of water blown from the cathode of the electric pile 10 in Δt1 is not changed, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure is increased from M1 to M2, so that the reactivity of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is increased, and the situation of oxygen deficiency of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is ensured.
In step S3, Δt2 is 3S-6S, in step S3, in order to reduce the moisture carried away by the air, the air flow is reduced from Q1 to Q2, and the corresponding cathode oxygen partial pressure is also reduced due to the reduction of the air flow, in order to ensure that the cathode oxygen partial pressure remains near M1, the opening of the back pressure valve 30, specifically the opening L2 of the back pressure valve 30, is continuously reduced to L3, so that the air pressure P2 remains unchanged during the process of reducing the air flow Q1 to Q2, and in this embodiment, the cathode oxygen partial pressure is reduced from M2 to M3, where M3 is slightly lower than M1 (not lower than M1, generally lower by about 3% -5%), so that the cathode of the galvanic pile 10 is not under-oxidized while reducing the moisture loss.
In the step S4, deltat 3 is 3S-6S, and in the time of Deltat 3, each parameter (Q2, P2, L3 and M3) of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is gradually adjusted to the initial state (Q1, P1, L1 and M1),
Specifically, the air flow rate Q2 is raised to Q1, and the opening degree L3 of the back pressure valve 30 is raised to L1, and the air pressure P2 is lowered to P1, so that the cathode oxygen partial pressure at the cathode of the stack 10 gradually returns to the normal level.
Through steps S2-S4, the membrane electrode on the cathode side of the electric pile 10 reduces the average air flow of the cathode under the condition that the partial pressure of the cathode oxygen is not excessively lower than the standard value (M1), reduces the moisture of the cathode of the electric pile 10 by air, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the cathode humidity of the electric pile 10, and compared with the traditional electric pile 10 cathode humidification method, the partial pressure of the cathode oxygen of the cathode of the electric pile 10 in the embodiment is not excessively lower than the standard value, so that the problem of oxygen shortage of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is avoided, the overall power generation performance of the electric pile 10 is not influenced, and the fuel cell system can stably operate in a low-power state for a long time.
Further, to avoid the situation that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is excessively humidified, so that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is flooded, a humidification period (the humidification period is greater than or equal to 1) is further provided in this embodiment, steps S2-S4 are circulated in the humidification period, so that the situation that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is flooded is avoided, specifically, the humidification period and the duration of the low-power operation state of the fuel cell system are in a proportional relationship, and the longer the duration of the low-power operation state is, the longer the corresponding humidification period is.
In another embodiment of the present invention, since the humidification rate of all the unit cell membrane electrodes cannot be kept consistent during the cathode humidification process of the electric pile 10, so that the humidification degree of each unit cell membrane electrode is different, after the cathode of the electric pile 10 is changed from the dry state to the wet state, the detection and judgment of the humidification degree of all the unit cells in the electric pile 10 are required, and the cathode of the electric pile 10 is adjusted according to the humidification degree of all the unit cells, so that the humidification degree of all the unit cells is reduced, and the humidity of each unit cell membrane electrode gradually tends to be uniform.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, after the cathode of the stack 10 is changed from the dry state to the wet state, the following steps are further included:
acquiring single voltages of all single cells in the electric pile 10;
calculating the wetting difference degree of all the single cells according to the single voltages of all the single cells;
Judging the humidity state of the cathode of the electric pile 10 according to the wetting difference degree of all the single cells;
wherein the humidity state of the cathode of the galvanic pile 10 includes a humidity uniform state and a humidity unbalanced state;
if the cathode of the electric pile 10 is in a humidity unbalanced state, the current and the air flow of the electric pile 10 are regulated, and the cathode of the electric pile 10 is changed from the humidity unbalanced state to a humidity uniform state.
Further, in this embodiment, the degree of the wetting difference of all the single cells is calculated and judged according to the relationship between the first differential pressure threshold, the voltage average value, the highest single voltage and the lowest single voltage, specifically, the absolute difference between the highest single voltage and the voltage average value is recorded as a first difference value Δu1, the absolute difference between the lowest single voltage and the voltage average value is recorded as a second difference value Δu2, the first difference value Δu1 and the second difference value Δu2 represent the degree of the wetting difference of the single cells in the galvanic pile 10, the larger the difference between the first difference value Δu1 and the second difference value Δu2 is, the larger the degree of the wetting difference between the cathode side membrane electrode of the galvanic pile 10 is, and further, after the first difference value Δu1 and the second difference value Δu2 are obtained, the specific state of the cathode of the galvanic pile 10 is judged by comparing the first difference value Δu1 and the second difference value Δu2 with the first differential pressure threshold.
The humidity state of the cathode of the stack 10 includes a humidity uniform state and a humidity unbalanced state;
The method for judging the humidity unbalance state of the cathode of the electric pile 10 comprises the following steps: if and only if the first difference value delta U1 and the second difference value delta U2 are larger than a first pressure difference threshold value (0.04V-0.05V), judging that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is in a humidity unbalance state;
The method for judging the humidity uniformity state of the cathode of the electric pile 10 comprises the following steps: and setting a second differential pressure threshold (0.01V-0.02V), and judging that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is converted into a humidity uniform state if and only if the first differential value delta U1 and the second differential value delta U2 are smaller than the differential pressure threshold.
Further, when the first difference Δu1 and the second difference Δu2 are between the first pressure difference threshold and the second pressure difference threshold, the cathode of the electric pile 10 does not need to perform humidity homogenization adjustment, and the cathode of the electric pile 10 can perform reaction power generation normally.
When it is determined that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is in the humidity imbalance state, it is necessary to perform the humidity homogenization treatment on the cathode of the electric pile 10 in time, in this embodiment, the purpose of homogenizing the humidity of all the single cell membrane electrodes is achieved by adjusting the current and the air flow of the electric pile 10 and the opening of the proportional valve 70, and the specific adjustment steps are shown in fig. 6-7:
S5, acquiring current I1 of the electric pile 10, opening N1 of the proportional valve 70 and air flow Q1 in the current state;
s6, setting current I3 of the electric pile 10, and obtaining opening N3 and air flow Q3 of a proportional valve 70 corresponding to the current I3 of the electric pile 10, wherein I3 is more than I1, N3 is more than N1, and Q3 is more than Q1;
S7, the current I1 of the electric pile 10 is increased to the current I3 of the electric pile 10, the opening N1 of the proportional valve 70 is increased to the opening N4 of the proportional valve 70, and the air flow Q1 is alternately changed according to the air flow Q4 and the air flow Q5, wherein N4 is more than N3, and Q5 is more than Q3 and more than Q4.
Further, the current I1 of the electric pile 10 is raised to the current I3 of the electric pile 10, so that the water generation amount of the electric pile 10 can be increased, and the cathode membrane electrode which is not wetted is increased in humidity, in this embodiment, the values of i3=2i1, I3 are determined according to the second difference Δu2, because the value of the second difference Δu2 is the absolute difference between the lowest single voltage and the average voltage, the larger the value of Δu2 is, the lower the lowest single voltage in the electric pile 10 is, the larger the dryness of the corresponding single cell is, and the more water is required to be generated by increasing the current to wet the cathode membrane electrode.
The opening degree N1 of the proportional valve 70 is increased to the opening degree N4 of the proportional valve 70, and the opening degree of the proportional valve 70 is increased, so that the introduction amount of hydrogen at the anode of the electric pile 10 is increased, the purging capability of the hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile 10 is increased, more water at the anode of the electric pile 10 is taken away, water accumulation of the anode of the electric pile 10 caused by the increase of the current of the electric pile 10 is avoided, further description is made that the introduction amount of the hydrogen in the ejector 40 can be increased by increasing the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump 50, and the hydrogen amount entering the anode of the electric pile 10 is increased, so that the effect of inhibiting the water accumulation of the anode of the electric pile 10 can be also achieved.
The air flow Q1 is alternately changed according to the air flow Q4 and the air flow Q5, the alternating periods are consistent, the air flow change occurs once in the period of 10s-15s, the alternating period is cut off when the first difference value delta U1 and the second difference value delta U2 are smaller than the second pressure difference threshold value, further, when the air flow Q4 enters the cathode of the electric pile 10, the moisture carried in the cathode outlet gas of the electric pile 10 is reduced due to the fact that the air flow Q4 is smaller than the air flow Q1, the humidity of the cathode membrane electrode of the electric pile 10 is increased, the single cells with the voltage lower than the average single voltage are wetted, when the air flow Q5 enters the cathode of the electric pile 10, the cathode of the electric pile 10 is purged by high-flow air, excessive moisture in the cathode of the electric pile 10 is taken away, and the situation that flooding of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is avoided.
Through the steps of current and air flow realization of the electric pile 10 and adjustment of the opening degree of the proportional valve 70, the wetting difference degree of all single cell membrane electrodes of the cathode of the electric pile 10 gradually tends to be uniform until the cathode of the electric pile 10 is converted into a humidity uniform state.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, after the cathode of the electric pile 10 is changed to the humidity uniform state, in order to further maintain the humidity uniform state of the cathode of the electric pile 10 at this time, a stable period is further set, the stable period is generally 15s-20s, in the stable period, the cathode of the electric pile 10 is operated with parameters of the current I3 of the electric pile 10, the opening N3 of the proportional valve 70 and the air flow Q3, further, the first difference value Δu1 and the second difference value Δu2 are smaller than the second difference threshold, all the single cells in the electric pile 10 can normally operate with smaller humidity difference, and after the stable period is finished, the current I3 of the electric pile 10, the opening N3 of the proportional valve 70 and the air flow Q3 to the current I1 of the electric pile 10, the opening N1 of the proportional valve 70 and the air flow Q1 of the electric pile 10 are regulated, so that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is restored to the original state, and the cathode humidification control of the fuel cell system is completed.
In order to solve the above problem that the anode of the electric pile 10 may be flooded after the cathode of the electric pile 10 is humidified and homogenized by the humidification and the homogenization of the membrane electrode at the cathode side of the electric pile 10, as shown in fig. 8, a bypass valve 1a is disposed between the air compressor 20 and the back pressure valve 30, when the anode of the electric pile 10 is in a flooded state, the current of the electric pile 10 and the air pressure of the cathode of the electric pile 10 are maintained unchanged, the drain exhaust valve 80 and the bypass valve 1a are opened, the anode of the electric pile 10 is exhausted, the opening of the bypass valve 1a is adjusted, the concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gas is controlled until the anode of the electric pile 10 is converted into a normal state (non-flooded state), and the exhaust valve and the bypass valve 1a are closed.
Further, when the anode of the electric pile 10 is flooded, the drain vent valve 80 is continuously opened, so that the hydrogen continuously sweeps the anode of the electric pile 10, thereby taking away the water at the anode of the electric pile 10, the conventional treatment mode needs to increase the air flow of the cathode of the electric pile 10 while opening the drain vent valve 80, so that the air flow discharged from the outlet of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is increased, thereby reducing the concentration of the hydrogen in the tail exhaust pipe 1b, but the treatment mode has the disadvantages that the air flow of the cathode of the electric pile 10 can cause the air pressure of the cathode of the electric pile 10 to fluctuate, the reaction stability of the cathode of the electric pile 10 can be damaged, thereby influencing the normal power generation of the fuel cell system, in order to avoid the influence of the power generation performance of the cathode of the electric pile 10, when the anode of the electric pile 10 is in a flooded state, the current and the air pressure of the electric pile 10 are firstly kept unchanged (the current and the air pressure of the electric pile 10 are constantly kept unchanged by keeping the opening the back pressure valve 30), then the drain vent valve 80 is opened to carry out the anode of the electric pile 10 and the bypass valve 1a, the air pressure of the electric pile 10 is well-distributed by the bypass valve 20 a, and the air pressure of the air compressor 20 can not be increased, so that the air pressure of the air in the electric pile 10 can be swept in the tail air channel can be ensured, and the air pressure of the electric pile 10 can not be well generated.
Further, the hydrogen is continuously discharged to the external environment during the anode purging process of the electric pile 10, if the hydrogen is in an open environment, the discharged hydrogen can be rapidly dispersed into the atmosphere and cannot affect the environment, if the hydrogen is in a tunnel or in an environment with poor air circulation, the hydrogen discharged during the anode purging process of the electric pile 10 is easy to accumulate, when the concentration of the hydrogen reaches a certain range, combustion or even explosion accidents are easy to occur, so that great potential safety hazards are brought to the application of the fuel cell vehicle, and the purged hydrogen cannot be directly discharged to the atmosphere in the tunnel.
As shown in fig. 9, the present embodiment further includes an exhaust gas collecting device 1c, the exhaust gas collecting device 1c is connected to the exhaust pipe 1b, and the exhaust gas collecting device 1c includes a case 1c1, an air inlet 1c2, a drain port 1c3, an air guide port 1c4, and a baffle plate 1c5;
the tank body 1c1 is internally provided with accumulated water;
the air inlet 1c2 and the drain opening 1c3 are respectively arranged at two sides of the box body 1c1, and the air inlet 1c2 is arranged above the drain opening 1c 3;
The air guide port 1c4 is arranged at the top of the box body 1c1, and the air guide port 1c4 is communicated with the ejector 40 and is used for guiding the hydrogen accumulated in the box body 1c1 into the ejector 40;
One end of the baffle 1c5 is connected with one end of the box 1c1 close to the drain 1c3, the other end of the baffle 1c5 is inserted into the accumulated water, the other end of the baffle 1c5 is located below the drain 1c3, and an L-shaped channel 1c6 for the accumulated water to enter the drain 1c3 is arranged between the other end of the baffle 1c5 and the box 1c 1.
The bottom plane of the drain port 1c3 is at the same vertical height as the top plane of the accumulated water.
Specifically, when the fuel cell system is in the tunnel, the hydrogen purged from the anode of the stack 10 is diluted and reduced in concentration through the tail gas discharge pipeline 1b, and then enters the tank 1c1 from the gas inlet 1c2 of the tail gas collecting device 1c, the liquid accumulated water is arranged at the bottom of the tank 1c1, the tail gas entering the tank 1c1 contains water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, the water vapor is liquefied and accumulated at the bottom of the tank 1c1 after contacting with the liquid accumulated water, the accumulated water near the discharge port 1c3 is discharged into the tunnel along the discharge port 1c3 under the pressure of the gas in the tank 1c1, the oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are stored above the accumulated water, further stated that the oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are layered in the tank 1c1, the hydrogen is accumulated at the top of the tank 1c1 due to the lightest mass, the oxygen and the nitrogen are closer to the accumulated water, when the tail gas enters the tank 1c1, the water vapor is discharged out of the tank 1c1, the accumulated water vapor is accumulated, the oxygen and the nitrogen are pushed out of the tank 1c1 above the water vapor and the hydrogen are continuously discharged from the tank 1c1, and the hydrogen is continuously accumulated in the tank 1c1, and the accumulated hydrogen is continuously discharged in the water tank 1c 1.
When the fuel cell system leaves the tunnel along with the vehicle, the air inlet 1c2 of the tail gas collecting device 1c is closed, the hydrogen purged from the anode of the electric pile 10 is diluted by the air in the tail gas exhaust pipeline 1b, the concentration is reduced, and then the hydrogen is discharged to the outside, on the other hand, the air inlet 1c2 of the tail gas collecting device 1c is closed, and meanwhile, the air guide port 1c4 is opened, so that the hydrogen stored in the box body 1c1 reenters the anode of the electric pile 10 through the ejector 40, the hydrogen is repeatedly utilized, and resources are saved.
Further explaining, the setting of baffle 1c5 can increase the pressure of L type passageway 1c6 department in this embodiment for ponding, oxygen and nitrogen gas can discharge box 1c1 fast, simultaneously, the setting of baffle 1c5 can be fine prevent that hydrogen from bypassing ponding and directly discharging from the export.
In this embodiment, the tail gas collecting device 1c is disposed on the tail gas pipe 1b, and the characteristic of low density of hydrogen is utilized, when the anode of the electric pile 10 is purged, hydrogen is stored in the tail gas collecting device 1c, so as to avoid the hydrogen from being discharged, improve the safety performance of the fuel cell system in the tunnel, and reuse the hydrogen in the tail gas collecting device 1c after leaving the tunnel, thereby saving hydrogen resources.
As shown in fig. 10, a cathode humidification control system is applied to the control method of the above embodiment, and the control system of this embodiment includes:
The data module is used for acquiring various parameters of the electric pile 10 in real time and carrying out data calculation processing according to the acquired parameters; specifically, the parameters of the stack 10 include the stack 10 current, the back pressure valve 30 opening, the air pressure, the air flow, the cathode oxygen partial pressure, the cell voltages of all cells, the highest cell voltage, the lowest cell voltage, the proportional valve 70 opening, and the duration of the low power operating state of the stack 10.
A judging module for receiving the signal from the data module and judging the operating states of the fuel cell system and the cathode of the stack 10 according to the received signal; for example, the determining module can determine whether the fuel cell system is in the low power operation state by receiving the current signal of the electric pile 10, can determine the operation state of the cathode of the electric pile 10 by receiving the duration signal of the low power operation state of the electric pile 10, and can determine the humidity state of the cathode of the electric pile 10 by receiving the signals of the single voltage, the highest single voltage, and the lowest single voltage of all the single cells;
The adjusting module is used for receiving the signals from the judging module, adjusting various parameters of the electric pile 10 according to the received signals and changing the working state of the cathode of the electric pile 10.
The modules (the data module, the judging module and the adjusting module) in the control system can be embedded in a processor of the computer equipment in a hardware form or can be stored in a memory of the computer equipment in a software form so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of the modules.
As shown in fig. 11, the present embodiment further provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor; the memory is used for storing at least one program; when the program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the control method in the above-described embodiment. Specifically, the computer device includes a bus and a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected to the bus, respectively. Wherein the processor is configured to provide computing and control capabilities; the memory includes a storage medium (storing an operating system, computer programs, and databases) and an internal memory (providing an environment for the operating system and computer programs to run); the network interface is used for connecting and communicating with an external terminal.
The present embodiment also provides a storage medium including a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the control method in the above embodiments.
Although the present invention has been disclosed by the above embodiments, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications, substitutions, etc. made to the above components will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A cathode humidification control method, comprising the steps of:
acquiring a pile current, and judging whether the fuel cell system is in a low-power running state according to the pile current;
If the fuel cell system is in the low-power running state, monitoring the duration time of the low-power running state, and judging the working state of the cathode of the electric pile according to the duration time;
the working states of the cathode of the electric pile comprise a dry state and a wet state;
If the cathode of the electric pile is in a dry state, the opening degree of the back pressure valve, the air pressure, the air flow and the partial pressure of cathode oxygen are regulated, the humidity of the cathode of the electric pile is increased, and the cathode of the electric pile is changed from the dry state to the wet state.
2. The cathode humidification control method of claim 1, comprising the following humidification steps when the stack cathode is in a dry state:
acquiring air pressure P1, air flow Q1, back pressure valve opening L1 and cathode oxygen partial pressure M1 in the current state;
in the time delta t1, the air pressure P1 is increased to P2, the air flow Q1 is kept unchanged, the opening degree L1 of the back pressure valve is reduced to L2, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M1 is increased to M2;
when the air pressure P1 is raised to P2, the air flow Q1 is reduced to Q2 in the delta t2 time, the air pressure P2 is kept unchanged, the opening degree L2 of the back pressure valve is reduced to L3, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M2 is reduced to M3;
When the air flow Q1 is reduced to Q2, the air pressure P2 is reduced to P1, the air flow Q2 is raised to Q1, the back pressure valve opening L3 is raised to L1, and the cathode oxygen partial pressure M3 is increased to M1 in Δt 3.
3. A cathode humidification control method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: setting a humidification period, and circulating the humidification steps in the humidification period to gradually change the cathode of the electric pile from a dry state to a wet state.
4. The cathode humidification control method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the fuel cell system is in a low power operating state comprises the steps of: and setting a current threshold, and judging that the fuel cell system is in a low-power operation state when the pile current is smaller than the current threshold, wherein the current threshold is 60A-90A.
5. The cathode humidification control method of claim 1, wherein determining an operating state of a cathode of a stack based on a duration time comprises the steps of: and setting a time threshold, and judging that the cathode of the electric pile is in a dry state if the continuous operation time of the fuel cell system in the low power state is greater than the time threshold, otherwise, setting the cathode of the electric pile to be in a wet state, wherein the time threshold is 10-30 min.
6. A cathode humidification control method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the stack cathode is changed from a dry state to a wet state, further comprising the steps of:
acquiring single voltage of all single cells in a pile;
calculating the wetting difference degree of all the single cells according to the single voltages of all the single cells;
judging the humidity state of the cathode of the electric pile according to the wetting difference degree of all the single cells;
The humidity state of the cathode of the galvanic pile comprises a humidity uniform state and a humidity unbalanced state;
and if the cathode of the electric pile is in a humidity unbalanced state, regulating the current, the air flow and the opening of the proportional valve of the electric pile, and converting the cathode of the electric pile from the humidity unbalanced state to a humidity uniform state.
7. The cathode humidification control method of claim 6, wherein calculating the degree of wetting difference of all the cells comprises the steps of:
setting a first differential pressure threshold value and calculating the average voltage value of all single cells;
Acquiring the highest single voltage and the lowest single voltage in all single cells in real time, respectively calculating absolute differences of the average values of the highest single voltage and the lowest single voltage and the voltages, and respectively recording the absolute differences as a first difference delta U1 and a second difference delta U2;
The method for judging that the cathode of the galvanic pile is in the humidity unbalance state comprises the following steps of:
And if and only if the first difference value delta U1 and the second difference value delta U2 are larger than the first pressure difference threshold value, judging that the cathode of the electric pile is in a humidity unbalance state.
8. The cathode humidification control method of claim 7, wherein adjusting the stack current, the air flow rate, and the proportional valve opening when the stack cathode is in a humidity imbalance state comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining current I1 of a pile, opening N1 of a proportional valve and air flow Q1 in the current state;
Setting a pile current I3, and obtaining a proportional valve opening N3 and an air flow Q3 corresponding to the pile current I3, wherein I3 is more than I1, N3 is more than N1, and Q3 is more than Q1;
the pile current I1 is lifted to pile current I3, the proportional valve opening N1 is lifted to the proportional valve opening N4, and the air flow Q1 is alternately changed according to the air flow Q4 and the air flow Q5, wherein N4 is more than N3, and Q5 is more than Q3 and more than Q4.
9. The cathode humidification control method of claim 8, wherein the transition of the stack cathode from the humidity imbalance state to the humidity uniformity state comprises the steps of: and setting a second differential pressure threshold value, and judging that the cathode of the electric pile is converted into a humidity uniform state if and only if the first differential value delta U1 and the second differential value delta U2 are smaller than the second differential pressure threshold value.
10. The cathode humidification control method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of, after the stack cathode is transitioned to the humidity uniformity state:
setting a stable period, and operating in parameter states of a pile current I3, a proportional valve opening N3 and an air flow Q3 in the stable period after the pile cathode is converted into a humidity uniform state;
After the stabilization period is ended, the stack current I3, the proportional valve opening N3, and the air flow rate Q3 are adjusted to the stack current I1, the proportional valve opening N1, and the air flow rate Q1.
11. A cathode humidification control system comprising a control method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising:
the data module is used for acquiring various parameters of the electric pile in real time and carrying out data calculation processing according to the acquired parameters;
The judging module is used for receiving the signals from the data module and judging the working state of the fuel cell system according to the received signals;
The adjusting module is used for receiving the signals from the judging module, adjusting various parameters of the electric pile according to the received signals and changing the working state of the cathode of the electric pile.
12. A computer device, comprising:
A memory and a processor;
the memory is used for storing at least one program;
When the program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the control method according to any one of claims 1-10.
13. A storage medium comprising a computer program characterized by: the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the control method according to any one of claims 1-10.
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| JP2008027674A (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-02-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Humidifier for fuel cell |
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