CN110412667B - Multilayer optical film - Google Patents
Multilayer optical film Download PDFInfo
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- CN110412667B CN110412667B CN201910644770.2A CN201910644770A CN110412667B CN 110412667 B CN110412667 B CN 110412667B CN 201910644770 A CN201910644770 A CN 201910644770A CN 110412667 B CN110412667 B CN 110412667B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0808—Mirrors having a single reflecting layer
Abstract
The invention discloses a multilayer structure optical film, which comprises a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side, which are arranged in parallel, and a stack of N positive refractive index micro-layers, wherein the stack of the positive refractive index micro-layers is arranged between the first surface and the second surface and is arranged as adjacent micro-layers, the refractive indexes of N-1 positive refractive index micro-layers from the first surface to the second surface are sequentially decreased, the refractive index of the Nth positive refractive index micro-layer is larger than that of the N-1 positive refractive index micro-layer, and at least one negative refractive index micro-layer is arranged between the Nth positive refractive index micro-layers from the first surface to the second surface, so that the multilayer structure optical film has high reflectivity for incident light along the first surface to the second surface, and meanwhile, the multilayer structure optical film has high transmissivity for the incident light along the second surface to the first surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication materials, in particular to a multilayer structure optical film with a single-side reflection function.
Background
Multilayer structured optical films can comprise thin layers of a variety of different light transmissive materials, referred to as microlayers, because they are sufficiently thin that the reflective and transmissive properties of the optical film are determined, in large part, by the constructive and destructive interference of light reflected at the microlayer interfaces. Depending on the amount of birefringence (if any) exhibited by each microlayer, the difference in relative refractive indices of adjacent microlayers, and other design characteristics, the multilayer optical film can have specific reflective and transmissive properties. In some cases, the multilayer optical film may function as a reflective polarizer, for example, as a reflective sheet in other cases.
In some cases, the microlayers have a thickness and refractive index equivalent to 1/4 wavelength overlap, i.e., the microlayers are arranged in the form of optical repeat units or unit cells, each having two adjacent microlayers with the same optical thickness (f-ratio 50%), such optical repeat units effectively reflect light by constructive interference at twice the total optical thickness of the optical repeat units. While other layer structured films, such as multilayer optical films having 2 microlayers of optical repeat units (with f-ratios not equal to 50%), or films in which the optical repeat units comprise more than two microlayers, are designed to configure the optical repeat units to reduce or increase certain higher order reflections, see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,360,659(Arends et al) and 5,103,337(Schrenk et al). While utilizing a thickness gradient along the film thickness axis (e.g., z-axis) can provide a broader reflection band, such as a reflection band that extends throughout the human visible region and into the near infrared region, such that the microlayer stack can continue to reflect throughout the visible spectrum as the band shifts to shorter wavelengths at oblique angles of incidence. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,157,490(Wheatley et al), they sharpen the band edges (i.e., at the wavelength transition between high reflection and high transmission) by adjusting the thickness gradient. However, when incident light enters these multilayer materials, the emergent light is diffused in a large spatial range by a series of refraction and reflection of light, so that the directivity of light is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing an optical film with a multilayer structure, which has high reflectivity for incident light on one side, effectively reduces the divergence of light beams, and generates collimation effect for light, thereby improving the directivity of the light beams, and simultaneously has high transmissivity for the incident light on the opposite side, thereby enabling the film to be used as a reflector plate, and simultaneously enabling optical signals on the opposite side of the film to effectively penetrate.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the multilayer structure optical film is designed, and comprises a first surface and a second surface which are arranged in parallel, and a stack of N positive refractive index micro-layers with positive refractive indexes of positive values; the stack of positive refractive index microlayers is disposed between the first surface and the second surface and disposed as adjacent microlayers, the refractive index of N-1 positive refractive index microlayers decreases sequentially from the first surface to the second surface, the refractive index of the Nth positive refractive index microlayers is greater than the refractive index of the N-1 positive refractive index microlayers, and at least one negative refractive index microlayers is disposed between the Nth positive refractive index microlayers from the first surface to the second surface, such that the multilayer structured optical film has a high refractive index for incident light along the first surface to the second surface while the multilayer structured optical film has a high transmittance for incident light along the second surface to the first surface.
According to the multilayer structure optical film, the negative refractive index micro-layers are arranged, the refractive indexes of the N-1 micro-layers from the first surface to the second surface are sequentially reduced, the refractive index of the Nth micro-layer is larger than that of the N-1 micro-layer, light forms an optical loop in a limited space through the structural design, the light can be emitted at a position which is very close to the incident point of the first surface after passing through the reflection path, the proportion of the light path emitted from the side surface of the multilayer structure optical film is greatly reduced, the reflection efficiency is greatly improved, the divergence of light beams can be effectively reduced, the light can generate a collimation effect, and the directivity of the light beams is improved. On the other hand, light perpendicular to the multilayer optical film may be transmitted through the multilayer optical film, so that collection may be performed on the side of the second surface of the multilayer optical film. In addition, the incident light along the second surface to the first surface has high transmittance.
Preferably, the second surface includes a retroreflective element, such as a plurality of corner cube reflectors.
Preferably, the negative index microlayers exhibit a negative index of refraction for visible light.
Preferably, the negative refractive index microlayer includes a two-dimensional periodic structure composed of a metal array and a metal open-loop resonator array.
Preferably, the negative refractive index microlayer includes a photonic crystal of periodic optical bandgap structure.
Preferably, the negative refractive index microlayers comprise a linear array of metal wires in an insulating ferromagnetic material or an insulating ferrimagnetic material of single negative permeability.
Preferably, the negative refractive index microlayer further includes a transparent material portion, and the transparent material portion is disposed in the negative refractive index microlayer.
Preferably, the multilayer-structured optical film contains polyethylene naphthalate or a copolymer thereof.
Preferably, the multilayer optical film comprises cellulose acetate.
The invention also discloses an optical film which comprises a stack of a plurality of the multilayer-structure optical films.
Drawings
The invention and its advantages will be better understood by studying the following detailed description of specific embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an optical film of a multilayer structure in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an optical film of a multilayer structure in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like elements throughout, the principles of the present invention are illustrated in an appropriate environment. The following description is based on illustrated embodiments of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention with regard to other embodiments that are not detailed herein.
The word "embodiment" is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this specification and the appended claims may generally be construed to mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be considered as limiting.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the interconnection of two elements or through the interaction of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Further, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact of the first and second features, or may comprise direct contact of the first and second features through another feature in between. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes a first feature that is directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. Moreover, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or reference letters in the various examples, which have been repeated for purposes of simplicity and clarity and do not in themselves dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize applications of other processes and/or uses of other materials.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a cross-sectional view of an optical film with a multi-layer structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a stack of 4 positive refractive index microlayers 101, 102, 103, 105 and one negative refractive index microlayer 104. The upper surface of the positive refractive index microlayer 101 is a first surface, and the lower surface of the positive refractive index microlayer 105 is a second surface. In example 1 of the present invention, the effect of light L1 produced by a stack of multiple microlayers having different positive and negative refractive indices is shown in fig. 1. The negative refractive index microlayers 104 exhibit a negative refractive index nr for visible light. A first surface arranged in parallel and a second surface on the opposite side are provided with a refractive index n of 3 positive refractive index microlayers 101, 102, 1031、n2、n3Sequentially decreasing, refractive index n of the 4 th positive refractive index microlayer 1050Greater than the refractive index n of the 3 rd positive refractive index microlayer 1033The negative refractive index microlayer 104 is arranged between the positive refractive index microlayers 103 and 105, the light forms an optical loop in a limited space due to the structural design, the light can be emitted from a very close first surface incidence point after passing through a reflection path, the proportion of the light path emitted from the side face of the multilayer structure optical film is greatly reduced, the reflection efficiency is greatly improved, and on the other hand, the light perpendicular to the multilayer structure optical film can penetrate through the multilayer structure optical film and is collected on the other side of the multilayer structure optical film. The multilayer-structured optical film comprises polyethylene naphthalate or a copolymer thereof.
A schematic diagram of the effect of the negative index functional layer 104 on light propagation is shown in fig. 1. A negative refractive index microlayer 104, the refractive index nr, has the optical property that light propagates in the negative index microlayer with energy opposite to the phase. When light travels from a microlayer having a positive refractive index (as shown in fig. 1) through a plurality of microlayers having decreasing positive refractive indices into a 4 th microlayer 104 having a negative refractive index, the incident light ray is on the same side of the normal (the dashed line in fig. 1 shows the normal of the interface between adjacent layers) as the refracted light ray, thereby changing the direction of travel of the light. As shown in fig. 1, positive refractive index microlayers 101, 102, 103 are stacked on the negative refractive index microlayers 104, and when an incident light ray is incident from n1 through interfaces of the microlayers 101, 102, 103, the refracted light ray is located on the opposite side of the normal from the incident light ray, and the refraction angle gradually increases. When a light ray passes through the interface of the negative index microlayers 104 through the positive index microlayers 103, the refracted light ray is on the same side of the normal as the incident light ray. It should be noted that Snell's (Snell) law does not apply to the light refraction direction of the interface between the negative refractive index micro-layer and the positive refractive index micro-layer, but the refraction angle generated after the incident light is refracted in each micro-layer still satisfies Snell's law.
As can be seen from the optical path diagram of L1 in fig. 1, at least one negative refractive micro-layer is disposed between a plurality of positive refractive micro-layers, so that the divergence of the light beam can be effectively reduced, and the light can be collimated, thereby improving the directivity of the light beam, and the optical path diagrams of L2 and L3 can see that the optical film with a multi-layer structure has high transmittance for the light incident and exiting perpendicularly, so that the incident light from the first surface to the second surface has high reflectance, and at the same time, the optical film with a multi-layer structure has high transmittance for the incident light from the second surface to the first surface.
The negative refractive index microlayer material described in example 1 does not naturally occur in nature, and has a two-dimensional periodic structure of an array of metals and an array of metal open-loop resonators. The method is based on the theory of electromagnetic field, and Pendry proves that the negative refractive index material can be realized through Maxwell equation and material constitutive equation. See Phys. Rev. Lett.,76,4773-4776 (1996). Through research and research, Smith et al successfully formed a two-dimensional periodic structure device by using an open-loop resonator and a lead of metal copper in 2000, and realized the manufacture of a negative refractive index material. See Phys. Rev. Lett.,84,4184-4187 (2000). Subsequently, in 2005, Enkrich et al produced materials with negative refractive index for light with a wavelength of 800nm using a two-dimensional periodic structure consisting of a metal array and an array of metal open-loop resonators, see phys.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an optical film with a multilayer structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. The difference and equivalence between example 2 and example 1 will be described below. The structure of the multilayer optical film of FIG. 2 comprises a stack of 5 positive refractive index microlayers 201, 202, 203, 205, 206 and one negative refractive index microlayer 204, wherein the upper surface of the positive refractive index microlayer 201 is a first surface, and the lower surface of the positive refractive index microlayer 206 is a second surface. In example 2 of the present invention, the effect of light L1 produced by a multilayer having microlayers with different positive and negative refractive indices is shown in fig. 2. The negative index microlayers 204 exhibit a refractive index nr for visible light. A first surface arranged in parallel and a second surface on the opposite side are arranged by means of a negative refractive index microlayer 204 and the refractive index n of the 4 positive refractive index microlayers 201, 202, 203, 205 from said first surface to said second surface21、n22、n23、n24Sequentially decreasing, the refractive index n of the 5 th positive refractive index microlayer 20620Greater than the refractive index n of the 4 th positive refractive index microlayer 20524The negative refractive index microlayer 204 is arranged between the positive refractive index microlayers 203 and 205, and the structural design thereof does not enable light to form an optical loop in a limited space, but the light still exits closer to the first surface incident point than the light exiting from the negative refractive index microlayers after passing through the reflection path, so that the proportion of the light exiting from the side surface of the multilayer structure optical film is reduced, and the reflection efficiency is partially improved. The second surface comprises a plurality of corner prism reflectors as a retroreflective unit, and the reflection efficiency of the multilayer structure optical film is further improved. On the other hand, light perpendicular to the multilayer optical film may be transmitted through the multilayer optical film to be collected at the other side of the multilayer optical film. The L2, L3 optical path diagrams show that the multilayer optical film has high transmittance for light entering and exiting perpendicularly.
The effect of the negative index microlayers 204 on light propagation is schematically illustrated in fig. 2. The negative index microlayers 204, the index of refraction nr, have the optical property that the energy and phase of light propagating in the negative index microlayers are opposite. When light is emittedFrom layers of material having a positive refractive index (e.g. n in fig. 2)21、n22、n23、n24Shown) travels into the 4 th microlayer having a negative refractive index through a plurality of microlayers having a positive refractive index that decreases continuously, the direction of travel of light is changed when an incident light ray and a refracted light ray are positioned on the same side of a normal line (a dashed line in fig. 2 shows a normal line of an interface between adjacent layers). As shown in FIG. 2, positive refractive index microlayers 201, 202, 203 are stacked on a negative refractive index microlayer 204 when an incident light ray passes from n21When the incident light passes through the interfaces of the micro-layers 201, 202 and 203, the refracted light and the incident light are positioned on the opposite sides of the normal, and the refraction angle is gradually increased. When a light ray passes through the interface of the negative index microlayers 204 through the positive index microlayers 203, the refracted light ray is on the same side of the normal as the incident light ray. Also, Snell's (Snell) law is not suitable for a light refraction direction at an interface between a negative refractive index material layer and a positive refractive index material layer, but a refraction angle generated after incident light is refracted in each material still satisfies Snell's law.
The negative refractive index micro-layer 204 comprises the transparent material part, and the transparent material part is arranged in the negative refractive index micro-layer 204, so that the natural light can have stronger penetrating power, the perspective effect is enhanced, and more natural and real visual experience is realized. The multilayer optical film comprises cellulose acetate. The negative refractive index microlayer materials in embodiments of the present disclosure have a negative refractive index for visible light, where the negative refractive index microlayers include photonic crystals of periodic optical bandgap structures.
In various embodiments, a multilayer structured optical film is disclosed. The optical film comprises a negative refractive index functional layer, the negative refractive index functional layer has a negative refractive index for light, the divergence of the light can be reduced after the light passes through the positive refractive index layer and then passes through the negative refractive index layer, the collimation degree is improved, the utilization efficiency of the light in the multilayer film is greatly improved, the energy loss is reduced, the product cost is reduced, the display brightness is increased, and the thickness of equipment is reduced.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person having ordinary skill in the art within the technical scope of the disclosure should be covered within the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A multilayer structured optical film, comprising:
a first surface and an opposite second surface arranged in parallel, and a stack of 5 positive index microlayers, the stack of positive index microlayers being disposed between the first surface and the second surface, wherein:
the refractive indexes corresponding to the positive refractive index micro-layers sequentially arranged in the direction from the first surface to the second surface are n21, n22, n23, n24 and n20 respectively, and n21 > n22 > n23 > n24 and n20 > n24 are satisfied;
a negative refractive index microlayer having a refractive index nr disposed between the positive refractive index microlayer having a refractive index n23 and the positive refractive index microlayer having a refractive index n 24;
the second surface includes retroreflective elements, and the multilayer optical film has a high reflectivity for light incident along the first surface to the second surface, while the multilayer optical film has a high transmittance for light incident along the second surface to the first surface.
2. The multilayer optical film of claim 1, the negative index microlayers exhibiting a negative refractive index for visible light.
3. The multilayer optical film of claim 1, wherein the negative index microlayers comprise a two-dimensional periodic structure of an array of metals and an array of metal open-loop resonators.
4. The multilayer optical film of claim 1, the negative index microlayers comprising photonic crystals of periodic optical bandgap structures.
5. The multi-layer structure optical film of claim 1, the negative index microlayers comprising a linear array of metal wires in a single negative permeability insulating ferromagnetic material or insulating ferrimagnetic material.
6. The multi-layer structured optical film of claim 1, the negative index microlayer further comprising a transparent material portion, and the transparent material portion is disposed in the negative index microlayer.
7. The multilayer structure optical film of claim 1 comprising polyethylene naphthalate or a copolymer thereof.
8. The multilayer structured optical film of claim 1, comprising cellulose acetate.
9. An optical film comprising a plurality of the multilayer optical film of any one of claims 1-8.
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