CN110412038A - A kind of damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network - Google Patents
A kind of damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network that the invention discloses a kind of, including wideband light source, fibre optic isolater, tunable TEA CO2 laser, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, optical fiber circulator, optical fibre optical grating sensing array, unbalanced M-Z interferometer, photodetector array, data collecting card, data processing unit and signal generating module；A fiber-optic grating sensor in each structural region installation optical fibre optical grating sensing array to be measured, with vibration response signal of the single fiber-optic grating sensor acquisition structure under active signal excitation；Collected signal is decomposed with WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION technology to obtain the feature vector comprising damage position information, is then trained feature vector input neural network, the neural network after training can be realized accurate damage location identification of structures.Present invention reduces the complexity of the cost of system and sensor network, and correct recognition rata is up to 96%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the identification monitoring systems of plate profile structure damage position, more particularly to should not be sensed with conditional electronic class
The identification monitoring system of the plate profile structure damage position of device.
Background technique
The healthy and stable operation of aerospace equipment structure, the safety and stability of power system device structure have very great
Meaning, in order to which that reduces economic loss avoids casualties, it is necessary to establish perfect structural healthy monitoring system.Based on tradition
Electromagnetism class sensor there are shortcomings, and the Damage Assessment Method system based on fiber grating possesses many traditional sensors
Incomparable advantage, suitable for electromagnetic interference and inflammable and explosive adverse circumstances, it has also become aerospace, electric power are set
Apply the optimal selection of field structure non-destructive tests.But currently used fiber grating damage location identification method is determining an area
With the presence or absence of the sensor for generally requiring three or three or more is damaged in domain, the cost and sensor network of system are considerably increased
The complexity of network, and optic fiber grating wavelength demodulating system constitutes complexity, and demodulation speed is slow, while damage location identification algorithm is multiple
Miscellaneous recognition speed is slower.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of STRUCTURE DAMAGE LOCATION based on single fibre grating and neural network
Identifying system may be implemented the quick identification monitoring of plate profile structure damage position, be especially adapted for use in aircraft skin, rocket arrow
Plate profile structure and electric system generator blade, motor casing under the aerospace environments such as body, fuel tank etc. are unsuitable
With the identification monitoring of the plate profile structure damage position of conditional electronic class sensor.The configuration of the present invention is simple, woth no need to demodulate optical fiber
The specific wavelength change of grating, and can be realized and fast and accurately identify, improve discrimination.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, proposed by the present invention a kind of based on the structure of single fibre grating and neural network damage
Hurt position-recognizing system, the device include wideband light source, tunable TEA CO2 laser, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, optical fiber circulator,
Optical fibre optical grating sensing array, unbalanced M-Z interferometer, photodetector array, data collecting card, data processing unit, signal
Module occurs；The wideband light source provides wide spectrum optical, C-band ASE light source for system；The tunable TEA CO2 laser passes through control
The narrow-band spectrum signal that its driving voltage filters out wavelength change from wideband light source is made, to realize length scanning；From the width
With light source to the fibre optic isolater being equipped between the tunable TEA CO2 laser for light echo to be isolated, to guarantee the unidirectional biography of light
It is defeated；The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used for for amplifying into the scanning light of the excessively described tunable TEA CO2 laser；The optical fiber
Grating sensing array is encoded on fiber grating reflection wavelength for perceiving extraneous physical quantity variation to be measured；It is described
Fiber optical circulator is used to the light that erbium-doped fiber amplifier comes out is sent to the Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array and by optical fiber light
The reflected light of gate sensor array is sent to unbalanced M-Z interferometer；The unbalanced M-Z interferometer is for passing fiber grating
The variation of the reflected light wavelength of sensor is converted into the variation of phase；The unbalanced M-Z interferometer is by two fiber coupler structures
At there are two output ports for tool；The unbalanced M-Z interferometer output two-way has an optical signal for π phase difference；The photoelectricity
Detector array is used to have an optical signal for π phase difference to be converted into voltage the two-way that the unbalanced M-Z interferometer exports
Analog signal；The data collecting card is for acquiring the voltage analog signal obtained by the photodetector array；The number
It is computer or embedded computing system according to processing unit, is demodulated for the wavelength to fiber-optic grating sensor；The letter
Number module occurs for generating square wave and triangular wave, triangular wave for being modulated to the tunable TEA CO2 laser, square wave is used
In the trigger signal of the data collecting card.
Further, in the present invention, the spectrum width of the tunable TEA CO2 laser is in 10pm~400pm, Free Spectral Range
For 90nm~200nm, maximum scan frequency is 4khz；The erbium-doped fiber amplifier Output optical power range be 10dBm~
18dBm。
A fiber-optic grating sensor in the optical fibre optical grating sensing array is installed in each structural region to be measured.
Two fiber couplers of the unbalanced M-Z interferometer are constituted, one of them is 1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber, another
A is 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber；1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber is used to input light being divided into two-beam according to a certain percentage；Institute
Stating 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber tool, there are two input port and two output ports, and the light of any one input terminal is divided into two beams
Light；The two-way output end of 1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber is connected with the two-way input terminal of 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber, this two sections of light
Fine length has the difference of 1cm, and the Returning beam of optical fibre optical grating sensing array is divided into two beams by 1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber
Light, this two-beam interfere at 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber；The two-way output end of 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber is distinguished
Export the optical signal after there is an interference for π phase difference.
1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber uses the coupler of 1:1 splitting ratio.
By the adjustable optical fiber grating sensing of arm length difference for changing two interfere arms of the unbalanced M-Z interferometer
The sensitivity of device strain measurement.
The photodetector array is made of photodetector and photodetection plate.
Data collecting card is made of multi-channel parallel capture card.
The data processing unit is equipped with data processor；The data processor includes that WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION is extracted
Feature vector and training neural network two parts；Collected signal is decomposed to obtain comprising damage using WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION
The feature vector of location information；Neural network is BP neural network, including input layer, hidden layer and output layer, the training used
Function is trainlm function；Described eigenvector input neural network is trained, the neural fusion after training
Accurate damage location identification of structures.
WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION is to carry out 4 layers to collected signal to decompose obtained feature vector including 16 elements.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Only a fiber-optic grating sensor is needed to carry out damage location identification in the same area in identifying system of the present invention, i.e.,
With vibration response signal of single fiber-optic grating sensor acquisition structure under active signal excitation, reduce system cost and
The complexity of sensor network, hardware composition part is fairly simple, does not need the specific wavelength change of demodulating fiber bragg grating, can
Realize the signal acquisition and conversion process of fast speed, meanwhile, neural network recognization structural damage is used in data processing unit
Position decomposes collected signal with WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION technology to obtain the feature vector comprising damage position information, so
Feature vector input neural network is trained afterwards, the neural network after training can be realized accurate structural damage position
Identification is set, can be realized compared to other complicated algorithms and fast and accurately identify, improve discrimination, correct recognition rata is up to
96%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is identifying system schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is identifying system signal processing flow schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is neural network topology structure schematic diagram provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described further, but following embodiments are absolutely not to this hair
It is bright to have any restrictions.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of damage location identification of structures based on single fibre grating and neural network proposed by the present invention
System, including wideband light source 1, tunable TEA CO2 laser 3, erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4, optical fiber circulator 5, optical fiber grating sensing
Array 6, unbalanced M-Z interferometer 9, photodetector array 10, data collecting card 11, data processing unit 12 and signal occur
Module 13.
The wideband light source 1 provides wide spectrum optical, C-band ASE light source for system.
The tunable TEA CO2 laser 3 filters out the narrowband of wavelength change by controlling its driving voltage from wideband light source 1
Spectral signal, to realize length scanning；What the tunable TEA CO2 laser 3 exported is scanning light, spectrum width 10pm~
400pm, Free Spectral Range are 90nm~200nm, and maximum scan frequency is 4khz.
From the wideband light source 1 to the fibre optic isolater being equipped between the tunable TEA CO2 laser 3 for light echo to be isolated
2, to guarantee the one-way transmission of light.
The erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4 is used for for amplifying into the scanning light of the excessively described tunable TEA CO2 laser 3,
The 4 Output optical power range of erbium-doped fiber amplifier is 10dBm~18dBm.
The optical fibre optical grating sensing array 6 is encoded into optical fiber light for perceiving extraneous physical quantity variation to be measured
On grid reflection wavelength；A fiber grating in the optical fibre optical grating sensing array 6 is installed in each structural region to be measured
Sensor.
The fiber optical circulator 5 is used to the light that erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4 comes out being sent to the fiber-optic grating sensor
The reflected light of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 6 is simultaneously sent to unbalanced M-Z interferometer 9 by array 6.
The unbalanced M-Z interferometer 9 is used to convert phase for the variation of the reflected light wavelength of fiber-optic grating sensor
Variation, the unbalanced M-Z interferometer 9 is made of two fiber couplers, and there are two output ports for tool；The non-equilibrium M-
Z interferometer 9, which exports two-way, has an optical signal for π phase difference.Specifically, two light of the unbalanced M-Z interferometer are constituted
Fine coupler, one of them is 1 × 2 coupler 7 of optical fiber, and 1 × 2 coupler 7 of optical fiber uses the coupling of 1:1 splitting ratio
Device, the other is 2 × 2 coupler 8 of optical fiber；1 × 2 coupler 7 of optical fiber is for input light to be divided into according to a certain percentage
Two-beam；There are two input port and two output ports for 2 × 2 coupler 8 of the optical fiber tool, by the light of any one input terminal
It is divided into two-beam；The two-way output end of 1 × 2 coupler 7 of optical fiber is connected with the two-way input terminal of 2 × 2 coupler 8 of optical fiber
It connects, the length of this two sections of optical fiber has a difference of 1cm, and 1 × 2 coupler 7 of optical fiber is by the return light of optical fibre optical grating sensing array 7
Beam is divided into two-beam, this two-beam interferes at 2 × 2 coupler 8 of optical fiber；2 × 2 coupler 8 of optical fiber
Two-way output end is exported respectively with the optical signal after the interference of π phase difference.By changing the unbalanced M-Z interferometer 9
Two interfere arms the adjustable fiber-optic grating sensor strain measurement of arm length difference sensitivity.
The photodetector array 10 is made of photodetector and photodetection plate.
The data collecting card 11 is made of multi-channel parallel capture card, for acquiring by the photodetector array 10
Obtained voltage analog signal.
The data processing unit 12 is computer or embedded computing system, for the wavelength to fiber-optic grating sensor
It is demodulated；The data processing unit 12 is equipped with data processor；The data processor includes WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION
Extract feature vector and training neural network two parts；Collected signal is decomposed using WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION and is included
The feature vector of damage position information, WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION are to carry out 4 layers of decomposition to collected signal to obtain comprising 16 elements
Feature vector.Neural network is BP neural network, including input layer, hidden layer and output layer, and the training function used is
Trainlm function；Described eigenvector input neural network is trained, the neural fusion after training is accurate
Damage location identification of structures.
The signal generating module 13 is used to filter the tunable F-P for generating square wave and triangular wave, triangular wave
Device 3 is modulated, and square wave is used for the trigger signal of the data collecting card 11.
As shown in Fig. 2, the course of work of identifying system of the present invention is, wideband light source 1 is the broadband light warp that ASE light source issues
It crosses fibre optic isolater 2 to enter in tunable TEA CO2 laser 3, the triangle that tunable TEA CO2 laser is generated in signal generating module 13
Under wave signal modulation, broadband light is changed into the narrow band light scanned back and forth, scanning narrow band light is using entering Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
Device 4 amplifies, and the scanning narrow band light by amplification enters from 1 port of optical fiber circulator 5, and exports from 2 ports, into light
Fiber grating sensor array 6, fiber-optic grating sensor meeting reflection wavelength light corresponding with center wavelength, and fiber grating
The central wavelength of sensor will receive the modulation of structural damage region internal strain signal, and the reflected light of fiber grating can be from fiber optic loop
2 ports of shape device 5 enter, the output of 3 ports；Reflected light (the i.e. return of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 6 of optical fiber circulator output
Light) enter non-equilibrium MZ interferometer 9, non-equilibrium MZ interferometer 9 is made of two fiber couplers, 1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber, 7 meeting
The reflected light that optical fiber circulator comes out is divided into two-way, two ways of optical signals is by the unequal optical fiber of length in optical fiber 2 × 2
It converges, and interferes at coupler 8；Two ways of optical signals after interference enters photodetector array 10, and photodetector will
There is two-way a π phase difference optical signal to be converted to electric signal and amplify, by amplified electric signal by data collecting card
11 are acquired, and analog voltage signal is converted to digital signal, and are sent to the processing that data processing unit 12 carries out signal；
Signal generating module 13 can not only generate triangular signal and be modulated to tunable optic filter, moreover it is possible to output and triangular signal
The identical square-wave signal of frequency is used for the trigger signal of capture card.By applying an Active spurring signal to structure to be measured,
Structure can be made to generate dynamic response, and the fiber-optic grating sensor for being only installed at body structure surface or inside by one collects structure
Vibration signal when dynamic response includes the damage information of structure in vibration signal, and the optical signal that fiber grating generates is by upper
It states system converting for electric signal, and is transferred to data processing unit by amplification, in data processing unit 12, first to collecting
Signal be removed baseline interference processing, then by WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION technology, extracted from signal sensitive to damage position
Feature vector, i.e., using Db4 wavelet packet to removal baseline after signal carry out four layers decomposition, obtain 16 from low to high
A frequency range.16 frequency bands are analyzed, the wavelet coefficient of 16 frequency bands is obtained, can be expressed as Xij (i=4, j=1,2,3,
4,…,16).Wavelet Packet Energy Spectrum can be calculated with following formula:
E4, j=∫ | X4, j|2dt
So as to extract the power spectrum comprising 16 features as feature vector.
Finally obtained feature vector is input in trained three layers of BP neural network and is identified, by training
Neural network afterwards can be realized accurate damage location identification of structures.As shown in figure 3, the neural network includes input layer, hidden
Containing layer and output layer, the specifying information of damage position, the nerve can be obtained from feature vector by the three-layer neural network
Network can export corresponding damage position information.
Identifying system proposed by the present invention only needs a fiber-optic grating sensor to carry out damage position knowledge in the same area
Not, the cost of system and the complexity of sensor network are reduced, and correct recognition rata is up to 96%.Use present invention identification system
System identifies the structural region damaged, reduces economic loss and casualties that structural damage causes as far as possible.
Although above in conjunction with attached drawing, invention has been described, and the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations
Mode, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art are at this
Under the enlightenment of invention, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made, these belong to of the invention
Within protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network, which is characterized in that the device packet
Include wideband light source (1), tunable TEA CO2 laser (3), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (4), optical fiber circulator (5), optical fiber grating sensing
Array (6), unbalanced M-Z interferometer (9), photodetector array (10), data collecting card (11), data processing unit (12)
With signal generating module (13)；Wherein:
The wideband light source (1) provides wide spectrum optical, C-band ASE light source for system；
The tunable TEA CO2 laser (3) filters out the narrowband of wavelength change by controlling its driving voltage from wideband light source (1)
Spectral signal, to realize length scanning；
The fibre optic isolater for light echo to be isolated is equipped between from the wideband light source (1) to the tunable TEA CO2 laser (3)
(2), to guarantee the one-way transmission of light；
The erbium-doped fiber amplifier (4) is used for for amplifying into the scanning light of the excessively described tunable TEA CO2 laser (3)；
The optical fibre optical grating sensing array (6) is encoded into fiber grating for perceiving extraneous physical quantity variation to be measured
On reflection wavelength；
The fiber optical circulator (5) is used to the light that erbium-doped fiber amplifier (4) come out being sent to the fiber-optic grating sensor
The reflected light of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array (6) is simultaneously sent to unbalanced M-Z interferometer (9) by array (6)；
The unbalanced M-Z interferometer (9) is used to convert phase for the variation of the reflected light wavelength of fiber-optic grating sensor
Variation；The unbalanced M-Z interferometer (9) is made of two fiber couplers, and there are two output ports for tool；The non-equilibrium M-
Z interferometer (9), which exports two-way, has an optical signal for π phase difference；
The two-way that the photodetector array (10) is used to export the unbalanced M-Z interferometer (9) has a π phase difference
Optical signal be converted into voltage analog signal；
The data collecting card (11) is for acquiring the voltage analog signal obtained by the photodetector array (10)；
The data processing unit (12) be computer or embedded computing system, for the wavelength to fiber-optic grating sensor into
Row demodulation；
The signal generating module (13) is used for for generating square wave and triangular wave, triangular wave to the tunable TEA CO2 laser
(3) it is modulated, square wave is used for the trigger signal of the data collecting card (11).
2. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 1, feature
It is, for the spectrum width of the tunable TEA CO2 laser (3) in 10pm~400pm, Free Spectral Range is 90nm~200nm, highest
Scan frequency is 4khz；Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (4) the Output optical power range is 10dBm~18dBm.
3. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 1, feature
It is, a fiber-optic grating sensor in the optical fibre optical grating sensing array (6) is installed in each structural region to be measured.
4. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 1, feature
It is, constitute two fiber couplers of the unbalanced M-Z interferometer, one of them is 1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (7), another
A is 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (8)；
1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (7) is used to input light being divided into two-beam according to a certain percentage；2 × 2 coupling of optical fiber
There are two input port and two output ports for clutch (8) tool, and the light of any one input terminal is divided into two-beam；
The two-way output end of 1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (7) is connected with the two-way input terminal of 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (8), this
The length of two sections of optical fiber has a difference of 1cm, and 1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (7) is by the return light of optical fibre optical grating sensing array (7)
Beam is divided into two-beam, this two-beam interferes at 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (8)；
The two-way output end of 2 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (8) is exported respectively with the optical signal after the interference of π phase difference.
5. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 4, feature
It is, 1 × 2 coupler of optical fiber (7) uses the coupler of 1:1 splitting ratio.
6. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 1, feature
It is, the adjustable optical fiber grating sensing of arm length difference of two interfere arms by changing the unbalanced M-Z interferometer (9)
The sensitivity of device strain measurement.
7. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 1, feature
It is, the photodetector array (10) is made of photodetector and photodetection plate.
8. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 1, feature
It is, data collecting card (11) is made of multi-channel parallel capture card.
9. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 1, feature
It is, the data processing unit (12) is equipped with data processor；The data processor includes that WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION mentions
Take feature vector and training neural network two parts；Collected signal is decomposed to obtain comprising damage using WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION
Hurt the feature vector of location information；Neural network is BP neural network, including input layer, hidden layer and output layer, the instruction used
Practicing function is trainlm function；Described eigenvector input neural network is trained, the neural network after training is real
Now accurate damage location identification of structures.
10. the damage location identification of structures system based on single fibre grating and neural network according to claim 9, feature
It is, WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION is to carry out 4 layers to collected signal to decompose obtained feature vector including 16 elements.
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| CN111637906A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-08 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Fiber grating demodulation device and method based on self-differencing coherence |
| CN111797690A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-10-20 | 武汉烽理光电技术有限公司 | Optical fiber perimeter intrusion identification method and device based on wavelet neural network grating array |
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